Philippine Journal of Crop Science (PJCS) August 2011, 36 (2):56-62 Copyright 2011, Crop Science Society of the Philippines
Development and HorticulturalCharacteristicsof Hibiscus Hybrids `Women in Public Service Series'
Pablito M. Magda lite, Virma Rea C. Gonzales-Lee' and Reynold B. Pimentel2
'Crop Science Cluster-Institute of Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Batios,College, 4031Laguna,Philippines; 2 Del Monte PhilippinesInc., Camp Phillips,Bukidnon; *Corresponding Author, [email protected]
Breeding hibiscus using different parents from local sources and those from Hawaii, USA and Queensland, Australia was conducted in 1995-1997 to develop new hybrids with unique flower colors for variety release and registration. Out of thousand progenies, four hybrids were selected based on floral characteristics and plant growth habit. The four hybrids were collectively called 'Women in Public Series' which were named after outstanding women public servants in the Philippines. These hybrids are: Hibiscus rosa- sinensis 'Rosa Rosal', a scarlet or bloody red flower named after Ms. Rosa Rosal, the former Governor of the Philippine Red Cross; Hibiscus rosa-sinensis `Kristie Kenney', a bluish or violet (RHS 85 A) flower named after Hon. Kristie Kenney, the former US Ambassador to the Philippines; Hibiscus rosa-sinensis `Loren B. Legarda', a dark tangerine orange (RHS 28 A) flower in the morning turning golden yellow orange (RHS 21 B) in the afternoon, named after Senator Loren B. Legarda, a legislator and an environmentalist; and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Tina B. De Lima', a deep yellow orange (RHS 22 A) flower in the morning turning canary yellow (RHS 12 A) in the afternoon, after Atty. Lilia B. De Lima, Director General of the Philippine Economic Export Zone Authority (PEZA). These hibiscus hybrids were registered with the National Seed Industry Council of the Department of Agriculture.
Key words: cross-pollination, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, hybrid gumamela
INTRODUCTION of vegetablesalad,while thedriedflowers are considered a special delicacy in Mexico. The leaves The hibiscusbelongstothefamilyMalvaceae arealsousedasfoodofgoatsandsome consisting of 400 species of flowering plants including Lepidopteran insects like the turnip and nutmeg moth. cotton and okra (Pancho and Gruezo 2006).The Itis also used for religious purposes such as an garden hibiscus or gumamela (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) offering to the Goddess Kali and Lord Ganesha in is a diploid species with a chromosome number x = 7, Hindu traditional worship. 8-39 (Purseglove 1968).The Chinese traders are believedto have introduced the hibiscus to the The petals and the leaves are used as a herbal tea Philippines long before the coming of the Spaniards, which is gaining worldwide popularity especially in while the American colonizers who came to the Asia because itis associated with longevity.The country in the 1890's introduced new forms and natives of Southern India use the red hibiscus as hair cultivars. The beauty of the hibiscus makes it one of shampoo for the remedy of hair-fall and dandruff on the most widely cultivated flowers in brilliant hues ofthe scalp by inducing the hair follicles to make red, orange, or purplish-red, yellow, white, purple, pink protective oils (Rummel 2005). The root decoction of and several other color combinations that are either the white hibiscus is used to treat various ailments single or double petals. From a flower bud, the flower suchasbronchitis,cough,sorethroat,fever, emerges in less than 18 hours usually in the morning dysentery, urinary tract infection, bladder infection, during sunny days. The plant has short-lived flowers, high blood pressure, constipation, and headache. It is usually lasting for 1-2 days, but produces continuing also used for treating skin diseases like boils, swelling blooms throughout the year. Under natural conditions, abscesses and mumps. However, intake of large the hibiscus rarely produces fruit and seeds (Howie quantities of gumamela drink alone or mixed with 1980). papaya puree or papaya seed extracts can be an abortifacient (Philippine Herbal Medicine 2006). In the Philippines, the hibiscus has become a popular ornamental plant adorning many home gardens and In the Dutch Indies, the midwives use the mucilage of public places such as schools, parks and resortsthe hibiscus flower to induce delivery of the baby because of its attractive flowers.It is used either as a during labor. The juice of the leaves along with that of potted plant, fence or hedge plant and landscape Vernonia cinereaisalso used by midwives to shrub (Magdalita et al. 2009).It is also used for food, stimulate the expulsion of the afterbirth.The red feed, industrial and medicinal preparations. The fresh hibiscus flowers are used to regulate menstruation, flowers are used as food coloring and as component and are purgative. The Chinese use the flowers to treat paralysis and dysmenorrhea while the infusion to prevent contamination. The pollinated flower was after exposure allnight to dew is used to treat allowed to develop for a month, and the seeds were gonorrhea (BPI-DA 2006). extracted and sown in a 1:1 (v/v) mixture of soil and sand. The germinated seedlings were allowed to The flowers contain the compounds called flavonol grow for a month before transferring to individual pots, quercetin and anthocyanin cyanidin (Rummel 2005) and were finallyplanteddirectlyinthe hibiscus and also used as sources of extracts like benzene and breeding blocks until flowering.The whole process alcohol which possess antiestrogenic or antifertility took almost 1 year. The selected candidate hybrids properties (Kholkute et al. 1977). The hibiscus flower were further grown for 2-4 yearsuntilsufficient also contains two most common flavonoid aglycones vegetativegrowth isattainedreadyforclonal i.e. flavanol quercetin and anthocyanin cyanidin. The multiplication. white or cream colored hibiscus varieties contain high levelsof quercetinwhilethedark magenta-red Selection,characterization and propagation of varieties are very rich in cyanidin.In experimental hybrids mice, the application of flower extracts for 20 weeks Selection of hybrids with the most beautiful flowers significantly reduced the number of tumors per mouse and are prolific bloomers from among hundreds of and delayed the appearance of the first tumor when progenies was conducted. Unfortunately, the specific mice were pre-treated with theextract (Rummel parentalvarietiesof eachhybridarepresently 2005). unknownbecausethelabelswerelostduring "TyphoonMilenyo"thathitthePhilippineson The hibiscus is used as a national symbol in some September 26-27, 2006, and the breeding notebook countries.Malaysia's national flower is the Hibiscus including the computerized pedigree records were rosa-sinensis ("Bunga Raya" or "Chinese hibiscus") burned at Module A, IPB on August 8, 2007. Despite while Hawaii's state flower is theHibiscus the situation, four hybrids growing in the established brackenridge ("ma'o hau hele") (Peebles 1998). The breedingblocks were selected based on flower Hibiscus syriacus ("Mugunghwa" or "Rose of Sharon") characteristics and growth habit. The criteria for is Korea's national flower.Furthermore, the native flower traitsincluded: uniqueness of flower color, hibiscusisthenational emblem of theStolen retention of flower color, elegant display of the flower Generation of the indigenous peopleinAustralia on the plant, and non-folding of the petals (The (Wikipedia 2008). Australian Hibiscus Society Inc 2007). Selection criteriaforgrowthhabitincluded:prolificacyin The commercial potential of the hibiscus both as a producing blooms, sturdiness and bushiness. Hybrids potted ornamental and a garden plant could be having the most unique flower color and the sturdiest exploited, hence the breeding of new idiotypes is were chosen, and were characterized phenotypically necessary. The variability in flower colors and form, based on their individual growth habit and flower plant growth habit and in situ field reaction to pests characteristics. Flower and leaf color were described and diseases of different local varieties and foreign based from the Color Chart of the Royal Horticultural hybrids in the hibiscus germplasm were exploited for Society (RHS) of London (1966). hybrid breeding by the breeders-researchers of the Crop Science Cluster-Institute of Plant Breeding (CSC After identification of candidate hybrids, cuttings with 3 -IPB),CollegeofAgriculture,Universityofthe -4 nodes or 15.0 cm in length were severed from each PhilippinesLos Banos (UPLB)(Pimentel1999; mother plant. The cuttings were dipped quickly in a Magda lita et al. 2009).Thus, a breeding work was rooting powder (indole butyric acid), insertedina done to:i) select new hibiscus hybrids with unique small block of wet floral foam, and placedina flower colors and, ii) characterize, release and register seedling tray under intermittent mist. When profuse the hybrids to the National Seed Industry Council roots developed after 3 weeks, the cuttings were (NSIC). planted in a pot containing 1:1 (v/v) mixture of sand and garden soil, and were allowed to grow for 2 months until flowering stage. Alternatively, pencil- MATERIALS AND METHODS sized branches were also marcotted, and the rooted marcots were harvested ready for planting in pots Production of hibiscus hybrids after 1 month. Tocarryoutcross-pollination,plantbreeders- researchers used parents from Hawaii, USA; and Registration of the hybrids Queensland, Australia andlocalvarieties. The After 50 asexually propagated plants of each hybrid flowers of selected parentsusually open before were produced, individual application for each hybrid daybreak and begin to close at 1800 H (Purseglove were prepared based on the requirements set by the 1968). The pollen grains dehisce at 900 H and the Technical Working Group (TWG) on Ornamentals of stigma is receptive at the same time.Pollen from a the National Seed Industry Council (NSIC) under the selected male parent were transferred into the stigma Bureau of Plant Industry (BPI) of the Department of of the chosen female parent only during sunny days. Agriculture (DA). The pollinated stigma was covered with aluminum foil
PM Magda lita et al 57 2.5 mm wide. The filament is red (RHS 45-A), slender RESULTS AND DISCUSSION and has monadelphous androecial type. The ovary is prominent, green-yellow (RHS 1 C), 7 mm long and 5 Characteristics of hibiscus hybrids mm wide. The receptacle is 10 mm long, while the Out of the thousand hybrid progenies growing in the peduncle is 37 mm long. breedingblocks,fourhybridshavinghavinga combinationof2-3uniqueflowercolorswere Thefoliageismedium,simple,ovate,glossy, selected. The important characteristics of the flower, arranged alternately, 110.9 mm long, 88.2 mm wide foliage and growth habit of the hibiscus hybrids and 5-8 veined from the base. The leaf has a crenate named, 'Womenin PublicServiceSeries'are margin with a reniform base and acute tip. The presented in Table 1. petiole is 45.3 mm long, has petiolate attachment to the stem and stipules are absent.The upper and The hibiscus hybrids collectively named as 'Women in lower leaf surfaces are dark green (RHS 139-A) and Public Service Series' is a tribute by the University of smooth. The plant has medium height (0.85 m tall, the Philippines Los Banos (UPLB) to outstanding 0.39 m wide), has semi-erect growth habit, shrubby, women public servants in the Philippine society who produces good amount of bloom, and a medium have made untiring devotion to public service and grower on its own root (Table 1).This hybrid with spirit of volunteerism in meeting the needs of others unknown parentage was launched on November 14, before their own without material or financial rewards. 2008 in UP Los Banos. These hibiscushybrids are another modest contribution of the Crop Science Cluster-Institute of This hibiscus hybrid honors the numerous Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, University of achievements of Ms. Rosa Rosal or Florence Danon the Philippines Los Banos to the UP Centenary to inreallifeas an accomplished celebrity and a make the celebration meaningful and memorable. dedicated public servant. She devoted more than half a century (58 years) of her life serving the Philippine The four hibiscus hybrids composing the 'Women in National Red Cross (PNRC). As former Governor of Public Service Series' includes Hibiscus rosa-sinensis PNRC, she mobilized mass blood donations, acquired 'Rosa Rosal', Hibiscus rosa-sinensis 'Kristie Kenney', equipment and machines for blood chemistry and Hibiscusrosa-sinensis'LorenB.Legarda',and modernized thebloodlaboratory. Through her Hibiscus rosa-sinensis 'Lilia B. De Lima'. These four program "Damayan" and "Kapwa Ko Mahal Ko", she hybrids were registeredwiththeNational Seed was able to provide free hospitalization to the needy. Industry Council (NSIC) on November 25, 2009. The She received numerous awards for her outstanding approved registry number is given after the cultivar humanitarian work including: an honorary degree name heading in parenthesis. Doctor of Humanities, honoris causa (2005) by the Far Eastern University, the Ramon Magsaysay Award Hibiscus rosa sinensis 'Rosa Rosal' (NSIC 2009 Or (1999), Outstanding Filipino Award (TOFIL) and the -79) Honorary Award for Blood Program bestowed by the The Hibiscus rosa sinensis 'Rosa Rosal' was named International Group of Red Cross Blood Transfusion after the first woman chair of the Philippine Red Experts in Melbourne, Australia. Cross, Ms. Rosa Rosal.The flower has scarlet or bloody red petals with red eye zone (Figure 1a), Hibiscus rosa-sinesis `Kristie Kenney' (NSIC 2009 presented upwardly on the plant.It is single petal, Or-80) simple, regular and medium size with an average The Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Kristie Kenney was named bloom diameter of 132 mm (Table1). Individual after the first female United States Ambassador to the corolla is obovate, thick and imbricate while the calyx Philippines, Honorable Kristie Kenney.The flower is green (RHS 138-B) and glabrous. has bluish or violet (RHS 85 A) petals with red eye zone (Figure1 b). Itis regular, single petal and The flowerissolitary, funnel-shaped borne upon medium size with an average bloom diameter of 137 slender stalk, has five involucral bracts, continuously mm (Table 1). The bloom is presented diagonally and produced during the year with a peak of flowering for semi-upwardly on the plant. The individual corolla is 8 months, i.e. from May to December.The flower obovate, thick and imbricate while the calyx is yellow- blooms for 1 day only both as intact and cut flower, green (RHS 144 B) and glabrous. but succeeding flower buds tend to open each day. Flowers are borne in the uppermost axils, 96 mm wide The flower is solitary, funnel-shaped and borne upon and 120 mm long, while the calyx is 25 mm long. The slender stalk and has five involvucral bracts that are individual corolla is 90 mm long and 80 mm wide, continuously produced during the year with a peak of while the individual calyx lobe is 25 mm long and 23 8 months, from May to December. The flower lasts mm wide. for only 1 day as intact and cut flower.However, The staminal tube is scarlet red, slender, 85 mm long succeeding flower buds tend to open each day. The and exceeds the length of the corolla. The stigma is flower is borne in the uppermost axils, 80 mm wide, red (RHS 46-A), has five capitate upon radiating 95 mm long while the calyx is 25 mm long. The branches and 10 mm long, while the stigma lobe is individual corolla is 75 mm long and 55 mm wide,
58 Hibiscus hybrids 'Women in Public Service Series' Table 1. The salient characteristics of hibiscus hybrids Women in Public Service' Series.
Hybrid Bloom Characteristics Foliation Growth Habit Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Medium size (132 mm), single, medium Medium,dark greenMedium height, semi- 'Rosa Rosal' texture, good quantity of blooms, upward(RHS 139 A), glossy, erect growth habit, presentation of bloom smooth, ovate, simple shrubby, medium scarlet or bloody red petals with red eye grower on its own root zone Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Regular, medium size (137 mm), single, Simple, medium,Bushy, medium height, 'Kristie Kenney' medium texture, good quantity of blooms, green (RHS 137 A),semi-erect growth diagonally and semi-upward presentationglossy, smooth,habit, fast grower on of bloom broadly ovate its own root bluish or violet (RHS 85 A) petals with red eye zone Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Simple, medium size (89 mm), single, Ovate, medium toShrubby, medium 'Loren B. Legarda' medium texture, good quantity of blooms, large, dark greenheight, semi-erect diagonally upward presentation of bloom (RHS 137 A) growth habit, fast Vivid dark tangerine orange (RHS 28 A)upperside of the leaf,grower on its own root, petals with white eye surrounded by glossy, smooth sets seeds during the cooler months of the pastel pink halo upon openinginthe year morningand,turninggoldenyellow orange (RHS 21 B) with orange veins radiating from the center to the petals towards mid-day Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Large size (165.0 mm), single, mediumMedium to large, darkMedium height, 'Lilia B. de Lima' texture, good quantity of blooms, green (RHS 137 A,shrubby, semi-upright, diagonally upward presentation of bloom glossy, smooth fast grower on its own Has petals where two-thirds of which is root deep yellow orange (RHS 22 A) while one -third is strong orange in the morning and losing the orange tint to become canary yellow (RHS 12 A) at mid-day Eyeisdarkredwithblotchesand surrounded by grey red (RHS 182 D) while the individual calyx lobe is 25 mm long and 23 bloom and a fast grower on its own root. This hybrid mm wide. with unknown parentage was launched on November 17, 2008 in UP Los Banos. The staminal tubeisslender, 80 mm long and exceeds the length of the corolla.It is green white This hibiscus hybrid is a tribute to Honorable Kristie (RHS 157 C) from the base to about one-half of its Kenney, a woman of diplomacy who always aims to length tending to become light red purple (RHS 65 B) strengthen the relations between nations to bring towards the tip.The stigma is orange-red (RHS 34 people together. She had a Bachelor Degree in A), has five capitate upon radiating branches and 9 PoliticalScience from Clemson University and a mm long while the stigma lobe is 2.5 mm wide. The Masters Degree in Latin American Studies. While in filament is slender, red purple (RHS 65 A) and has thePhilippines,shestrengthenedthecountry's monadelphousandroecialtype. The ovaryis relations to the US as both nations stand together for prominent, yellow-green (RHS 154 D), 7 mm long and global war against terrorism and poverty.She has 4 mm wide. The receptacle is 10 mm long while the been the forerunner of US bonded developmental peduncle is 60 mm long. projects for health, social and economic development, educationandpeaceandorderalloverthe The foliage is simple, medium, broadly ovate, smooth, Philippines particularly in Mindanao. Because of her and glossy. Leaves have 5-8 veined from base, exemplarycontributionstothedevelopmentof arranged alternately on the stem, 95.9 mm long and Zamboanga, she was bestowed an honorary award 83.8 mm wide.The leaf has an acute tip, with a "Hija de Zamboanga", meaning adopted daughter of crenate margin and a reniform base. The leaf has a Zamboanga. petiolate attachment on the stem while the petiole is 49 mm long and stipules are absent. The upper and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis 'Loren B. Legarda' (NSIC lower leaf surfaces are green (RHS 137 A). The plant 2009 Or-81) is bushy, has semi-erect growth habit, medium height The Hibiscus rosa-sinensis 'Loren B. Legarda' was 1.23 m tall, 0.78 m wide, produces good amount of named after Senator Loren B. Legarda.The flower
PM Magdalita et al 59 has vivid dark tangerine orange (RHS 28 A) petals Senator Loren B. Legarda (cum laude, BA Broadcast with white eye surrounded by pastel pink halo upon Communications, UPDiliman)is a dedicated opening in the morning and, turning golden yellowbroadcast journalist, public servant, legislator and an orange (RHS 21 B) with orange veins radiating from environmentalist. Sen. Legarda authored, sponsored the center to the petals towards mid-day (Figure 1c- and passed many significant laws in the Senate like left and right).The dramatic change in flower color the Barangay Livelihood and Skills Training Act (RA from orange to yellow is a distinct trait of the variety. 9509), Anti-Violence Against Women and Children Act This dual color which catches the attention of many (RA 9262), Anti-Child Labor Law (RA 9231), and the hibiscusenthusiasts,gardeners and the general Solid Waste Management Act (RA 9003) among public could be due to a response to diurnal light others.A founder of the "Luntiang Pilipinas", she intensity. Similarly,inanother ornamental plant established hundreds of forest parks with more than 2 'Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow' (Brunfelsia M trees nationwide. A United Nations Environmental pauciflora), flower color changes from deep violet Program (UNEP) Laureate, she has been always in upon opening in the morning, gradually fading into the frontline of global environmental action particularly lavender on the second day then to white on the third on climate change. day (Vergara 1996). Hibiscus rosa-sinensis `Cilia B. De Lima' (NSIC The bloom is presented diagonally upward on the 2009 Or-82) plant. Individualcorollaisobovate,thick and The Hibiscus rosa-sinensis 'Lilia B. de Lima' was imbricate.It is simple, single petal, regular, medium named after the angel-warrior Director-General of the with an average bloom diameter of 89.0 mm (Table 1). Philippine Economic Export Zone Authority (PEZA), The calyx is light avocado green (RHS 138-B) and Atty Lilia B. de Lima. The flower has petals wherein glabrous. The flower is solitary, funnel-shaped, has about two-third of each petal is deep yellow orange five involucral bracts, borne upon a slender stalk and (RHS 22 A) while one-third is strong orange (RHS 25 continuously flower during the year which peak from A) in the morning and losing the orange tint to become May to December. The bloom lasts for only 1 day canary yellow (RHS 12 A) at mid-day (Figure 1d-left both as an intact and a cut flower, but succeeding and right).The eye is dark red with blotches and flower buds open each day. The flower is borne in the surrounded by grey red (RHS 182 D) halo. The flower uppermost axils, 135 mm wide and 130 mm long, is simple, single petal and large with an average while the calyx is 25 mm long. Individual corolla is 90 bloom diameter of 165.0 mm (Table 1). The individual mm long and 60 mm wide, while individual calyx lobe corolla is obovate, thick and imbricate while the calyx is 30 mm long and 10 mm wide. is light green (RHS 138 B) and glabrous.
The staminal tube is slender, orange white (RHS 159 - The flowerissolitary,funnel-shaped,hasfive D), 85 mm long exceeding the length of the corolla. involucral bracts, borne upon a slender stalk and The stigma is a five capitate upon radiating branches, continuously flower during the year that peaks from carmine red (RHS 44 B) and 10 mm long, while the May to December. The bloom lasts for only 1 day stigma lobe is 2.5 mm wide. The filament is slender, both as an intact and a cutflower, but succeeding white (RHS 155 D) and has monadelphous androecial flower buds open each day. The flower is borne from type. Ovary is prominent, yellow green (RHS 145 A), the uppermost axils, 53 mm wide and 120 mm long, 8 mm long and 5 mm wide.This hybrid produces while the calyx is 28 mm long. The individual corolla seed during the coolermonths(October to is 78 mm long and 65 mm wide, while the individual December). The receptacle is 12 mm long, while the calyx lobe is 30 mm long and 10 mm wide. peduncle is 51 mm long. The staminal tube is slender, dark red, 95 mm long The foliage is simple, ovate, smooth, glossy, medium and exceeds the length of the corolla. The stigma is a to large (96 mm long, 84 mm wide), 5-8 veined from five capitate upon radiating branches, orange red the base and arranged alternately on the stem. The (RHS 31 B), 10 mm long while the stigma lobe is 2 leaf margin is coarsely toothed or crenate, while the mm wide. The filament is slender, red (RHS 47 D) leaf base is obtuse to broadly rounded.It has an and has a monadelphous androecial type. The ovary acuminate tip, has petiolate type of attachment to the is prominent, green yellow (RHS 1 B), 8 mm long and stem with petioles 33 mm long, and stipules are 4 mm wide. The receptacle is 10 mm long while the absent. The upper leaf surface is dark green (RHS peduncle is 35 mm long. 137 A), while the lower leaf surface is light green (RHS 137 B).The plant is shrubby, has semi-erect The foliage is medium to large, dark green (RHS 137 growth habit, medium height 1.79 m tall, 1.36 m wide A), smooth and glossy. The plant has medium height and a fast grower on its own root (Table 1).This 34 m tall and 0.76 m wide, shrubby, semi-upright hybrid produces a lot of bloom and sets seeds during growth habit, produces a lot of bloom and a fast thecoolermonthsoftheyear (Novemberto grower on its own root.This hybrid with unknown December). This hybrid with unknown parentage was parentage was launched on March 2, 2010 in the launched on July 21, 2009 in UPLB. Manila Polo Club, Forbes Park, Makati City.
60 Hibiscus hybrids Women in Public Service Series' Figure 1.The flower of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis 'Rosa Rose (A), Hibiscus rosa-sinensis `Kristie Kenney' (B), Hibiscus rosa-sinensis 'Loren B. Legarda' upon opening in the morning (C-left) and towards mid- day (C-right), and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Ulla B. De Lima' in the morning (D-left) and in the afternoon (D-right),
PM Magdalita et al 61 Atty. Lilia B. de Lima (Bachelor of Laws, Doctor of Mr. Marcelino T. Gregorio and Ms. Maria Fe H. Laws, Honoris Causa, Manuel L. Quezon University) Cayaban for propagating and maintaining the hibiscus has been an outstanding and dedicated public servant hybrids.They are also grateful for the assistance focused on enriching the Philippine economy. During extended by Mr.Renato Pabalate andMr.Bill her 14-year term as Director-General,till now, the Anderson. PEZA has brought PhP 1.327 Trillion investments into the country. She increased the number of economic zones from 16 in 1995 to 193 at present, with close to LITERATURE CITED 2,000 investors that brought a cumulative export of over USD 320 B to the country and employment of Howie J. (1980). Hibiscus - Queen of the Flowers. lst over 3 M Filipinos.Atty. de Lima has been awarded Edition. Brisbane, Australia. http:// one of the "Ten Outstanding Women inNations www.hibiscusworld.com/howie/table.htm, Service" (TOWNS) in the field of Law and bestowed Accessed: June 15, 2010. the "Order of Rising Sun Gold and Silver Star" by the Kholkute SD, Madgal V, Udupa KN. 1977. Studies on Japanese Government, for bringing in hundreds of theantifertilitypotentialityofHibiscusrosa- Japanese investors. sinensis: Parts of medicinal value and selection of species and seasonal variation. Planta Medica 31:35-39. SUMMARY Magdalita PM, Gonzales-Lee VRC, Pimentel RB. 2009. Hibiscus hybrids Oblation series: A tribute Breeding different hibiscus varieties from local and tooutstandingUniversityofthePhilippines foreign sources such as those from Hawaii, USA and alumnaefortheUniversityCentennialyear. Queensland, Australia was conducted in 1995-1997 to Philipp J. Crop Sci 34(1):113-118. develop unique hybrids that are comparable with other Pancho JV, Gruezo Wm Sm. 2006. Vascular Flora of flowers. This breeding work led to the development of Mount Makiling and Vicinity (Luzon: Philippines), four new hybrids. The hybrids were selected based Part2.NationalAcademyofScienceand on uniqueness of flower color, retention of flower Technology (NAST) Philippines, Department of color, elegant display of flower on the plant and non- Science and Technology, Bicutan, Taguig City folding of petals, prolificacy of flowering, sturdiness and Institute of Biological Sciences, College of and bushiness of the plant. The four hibiscus hybrids Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines were registered to the National Seed Industry Council Los Banos, College, Laguna. 626 p. of the Department of Agriculture. Collectively, the four Peebles D. 1998. Capturing Hawaii's Flowers. Mutual hybrids were called the 'Women in Public Series'. Publishing, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. 31 p. They were named after the outstandingFilipino Pimentel RB. 1999. New cultivars and germplasm women public servants in the Philippine Government. Hibiscus(Hibiscusrosa-sinensis)Centennial The hybrids are: i) the scarlet or bloody red Hibiscus Series. Philipp Agric Scientist 82:238-244. rosa-sinensis 'Rosa Rosal' (NSIC 2009 Or-79) named PhilippineHerbalMedicine.(2006). Gumamela after Ms. Rosa Rosal, the former Governor of the (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn.). http:// Philippine Red Cross; ii) the bluish or violet (RHS 85 www.philippineherbalmedicine.org/gumamela.htm. A) Hibiscus rosa-sinensis `Kristie Kenney' (NSIC 2009 Accessed: June 7, 2010. Or-80) named after Hon. Kristie Kenney, the former Purseglove JW. 1987. Tropical Crops. Dicotyledons. US Ambassador tothePhilippines;iii)the dark Singapore: Longman Singapore Publishers Pte. tangerine orange (RHS 28 A) flower in the morning Ltd. 719 pp. turning golden yellow orange (RHS 21B) in the [RHS] Royal Horticultural Society of London. 1966. afternoon, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis 'Loren B. RHS Colour Chart. Flower Council of Holland. Legarda' (NSIC 2009 Or-81) named after Senator Rummel DJ. 2005. BotanicalBeautyBook Loren B. Legarda, a legislator and an environment CompendiumofCosmeticUses. C & E advocate and; d) the deep yellow orange (RHS 22 A) Publishing, Inc., Quezon City, Philippines. flower in the morning that loses the orange tint to The Australian Hibiscus Society, Inc. 2007. Hibiscus become canary yellow (RHS 12 A) at mid-day, Growing Guide. 4th Edition. Australian Hibiscus Hibiscus rosa-sinensis 'Lilia B. De Lima' (NSIC 2009 Society, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. 40 p. Or-82), named after Atty. Lilia B. De Lima, Director VergaraBS.1996. OrnamentalPlantsinthe General of the PEZA. Philippines. Island Publishing House, Inc., Manila, Philippines. 58 p. Wikipedia. 2008.Hibiscus.Hibiscus - Wikipedia. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
62 Hibiscus hybrids Women in Public Service Series'