A Survey of Surface Computing
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Research Manuscript Title A SURVEY OF SURFACE COMPUTING MS.K.RANJITHA., Mrs.M.JOTHILAKSHMI.,M.Sc.,M.Phil Research Scholar, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science & Application, Vivekanandha College of Arts & Sciences for Women, Elayampalayam, Tiruchengode. www.istpublications.com Ms.k.ranjitha., Mrs.M.jothilakshmi, ―A SURVEY OF SURFACE COMPUTING‖, International Journal of Future Innovative Science and Engineering Research (IJFISER) ISSN (Online): 2454- 1966, Volume-2, Issue-1, March - 2016, Page | 21 A SURVEY OF SURFACE COMPUTING MS.K.RANJITHA., Mrs.M.JOTHILAKSHMI.,M.Sc.,M.Phil Research Scholar, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science & Application, Vivekanandha College of Arts & Sciences for Women, Elayampalayam, Tiruchengode. ABSTRACT The name Surface comes from "surface computing," and Microsoft envisions the coffee-table machine as the first of many such devices. Surface computing uses a blend of wireless protocols, special machine-readable tags and shape recognition to seamlessly merge the real and the virtual world — an idea the Milan team refers to as "blended reality." The table can be built with a variety of wireless transceivers, including Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and (eventually) radio frequency identification (RFID) and is designed to sync instantly with any device that touches its surface. It supports multiple touch points – Microsoft says "dozens and dozens" -- as well as multiple users simultaneously, so more than one person could be using it at once, or one person could be doing multiple tasks. The term "surface" describes how it's used. There is no keyboard or mouse. All interactions with the computer are done via touching the surface of the computer's screen with hands or brushes, or via wireless interaction with devices such as smart phones, digital cameras or Microsoft's Zune music player. Because of the cameras, the device can also recognize physical objects; for instance credit cards or hotel "loyalty" cards. Keywords: Interactive surfaces and tabletops, multi-touch, physics-simulation, field-study, home. 1.Introduction A surface computer is a computer that interacts with the user through the surface of an ordinary object, rather than through a monitor and keyboard. Surface computing is the term for the use of a specialized computer GUI in which traditional GUI elements are replaced by intuitive, everyday objects. Instead of a keyboard and mouse, the user interacts directly with a touch-sensitive screen. It has been said that this more closely replicates the familiar hands on experience of everyday object manipulation. With Surface, Microsoft has established a new branch of computer technology known as surface computing. The goal of surface computing is to recognize touch and objects on the screen's surface and to interact with those objects seamlessly. If you're using a surface computer, you shouldn't need a mouse, keyboard or even a USB port connected to the device. In this paper we pre- sent one of the first deployments of a multi-touch tabletop device in a domestic setting. Our overall goal is to investigate the potential for surface computing in the home. Specifically, in this paper we seek to observe what people‗s interactions, perceptions and experiences are of such novel computing technologies and interfaces, as a means to fur-their inform the design space. Ms.k.ranjitha., Mrs.M.jothilakshmi, ―A SURVEY OF SURFACE COMPUTING‖, International Journal of Future Innovative Science and Engineering Research (IJFISER) ISSN (Online): 2454- 1966, Volume-2, Issue-1, March - 2016, Page | 22 Over the past couple of years, a new class of interactive device has begun to emerge, what can best be described as ―surface computing‖. Two examples are illustrated in this report. They are- • Surface Table top • Perceptive Pixel The Surface table top typically incorporates a rear-projection display coupled with an optical system to capture touch points by detecting shadows from below. Different approaches to doing the detection have been used, but most employ some form of IR illumination coupled with IR cameras. With today‘s camera and signal processing capability, reliable responsive and accurate multi-touch capabilities can be achieved. 2. Literature Survey For years engineers and computer technicians have looked for a better way for people to communicate with their computers. Keyboards while feeling natural to many of us has advanced very little beyond the typewriters which have been around for well over a hundred years and though the mouse is a step above that it still takes practice for someone who has never used one to become used to the idea of moving the mouse with it and after years of using a computer many older people still have trouble with the concepts of double clicking, right clicking, dragging, dropping and other techniques that can seem simple to more advanced computer users. The most recent solution, and one that seems likely to stick is that of surface computing. Surface computing at its most basic is an attempt to make the use of a computer better match the way we interact with other things in our environments as well as better interacting with those things and allowing for far less time thinking about how we interact with our computers so more energy can be put into how we use them. The most common and popular type of surface computing is that of touch screen monitors of the type that can be found on many modern phones. These are also common in many businesses where untrained workers are expected to use a computer. Until recently though these touch screen monitors were really little more than a replacement of the mouse. You could still only point at one thing at a time, and it wasn't even as good as a mouse because you can't right click or highlight things without using a keyboard. The key difference between this and other similar devices is the multi touch system. This allows users to use both hands to manipulate things such as photos, as well as the use of hand gestures and even physical gestures. Other features on the Microsoft surface allows for wireless communicates between devices so things like phones, cameras and laptops can sync with the table and move data between them effortlessly. Surface computing is a powerful movement. In fact, it‘s as significant as the move from DOS [Disk Operating System] to GUI [Graphic User Interface]. Our research shows that many people are intimidated and isolated by today‘s technology. Many features available in mobile phones, PCs and other electronic devices like digital cameras aren‘t even used because the technology is intimidating. Surface computing breaks down those traditional barriers to technology so Ms.k.ranjitha., Mrs.M.jothilakshmi, ―A SURVEY OF SURFACE COMPUTING‖, International Journal of Future Innovative Science and Engineering Research (IJFISER) ISSN (Online): 2454- 1966, Volume-2, Issue-1, March - 2016, Page | 23 that people can interact with all kinds of digital content in a more intuitive, engaging and efficient manner. It‘s about technology adapting to the user, rather than the user adapting to the technology. Bringing this kind of natural user interface innovation to the computing space is what Surface Computing is all about. 2.1How It All Started In 2001, Stevie Bathiche of Microsoft Hardware and Andy Wilson of Microsoft Research began working together on various projects that took advantage of their complementary expertise in the areas of hardware and software. In one of their regular brainstorm sessions, they started talking about an idea for an interactive table that could understand the manipulation of physical pieces. Although there were related efforts happening in academia, Bathiche and Wilson saw the need for a product where the interaction was richer and more intuitive, and at the same time practical for everyone to use. This conversation was the beginning of an idea that would later result in the development of Surface, and over the course of the following year, various people at Microsoft involved in developing new product concepts, including the gaming-specific PlayTable, continued to think through the possibilities and feasibility of the project. Fig 2.1 Surface Computing In 2003(T1 Prototype) 2.2 Hardware Design: By late 2004, the software development platform of Surface was well established and attention turned to the form factor. A number of different experimental prototypes were built including ―the tub‖ model, which was encased in a rounded plastic shell, a desk-height model with a square top and cloth-covered sides, and even a bar-height model that could be used while standing. Ms.k.ranjitha., Mrs.M.jothilakshmi, ―A SURVEY OF SURFACE COMPUTING‖, International Journal of Future Innovative Science and Engineering Research (IJFISER) ISSN (Online): 2454- 1966, Volume-2, Issue-1, March - 2016, Page | 24 Fig 2.2 Consensus on a group Artifact 2.3 From Prototype to Product: The next phase of the development of Surface focused on continuing the journey from concept to product. Although much of what would later ship as Surface was determined, there was significant work to be done to develop a market-ready product that could be scaled to mass production. In early 2006, Pete Thompson joined the group as general manager, tasked with driving end-to-end business and growing development and marketing. Under his leadership, the group has grown to more than 100 employees. Today Surface has become the market-ready product once only envisioned by the group, a 30-inch display in a table like form factor that‘s easy for individuals or small groups to use collaboratively. The sleek, translucent surface lets people engage with Surface using touch, natural hand gestures and physical objects placed on the surface. 2.3THE UNDERLYING TECHNOLOGY The Core features of Surface Computer consists of: 2.3.1 Multi-touch user interaction- The horizontal form factor makes it easy for several people to gather around surface computers together, providing a collaborative, face‐to‐face computing 2.3.2 Tangible user interface- Surface aims to provide physical form of digital information.