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Kolekcja Roālin Mi¢So˚Ernych We Wroc¸Awskim

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Kolekcja Roālin Mi¢So˚Ernych We Wroc¸Awskim Biuletyn Ogrodów Botanicznych, 12: 129–135, 2003 KOLEKCJA ROÂLIN MI¢SO˚ERNYCH WE WROC¸AWSKIM OGRODZIE BOTANICZNYM I SPOSÓB JEJ PREZENTACJI Collection of carnivorous plants in the Botanical Garden of the Wroc∏aw University and its exposition Krzysztof SZCZERBI¡SKI Ogród Botaniczny Uniwersytetu Wroc∏awskiego, ul. Sienkiewicza 23, 50-335 Wroc∏aw WST¢P znaczàcà rol´ wekologicznej edukacji spo∏e- czeƒstwa. RoÊliny z tej kolekcji zwracajà RoÊliny mi´so˝erne stanowià bardzo zró˝ni- uwag´ i budzà ˝ywe reakcje zwiedzajàcych. cowanà grup´ ponad 500 gatunków roÊlin, wy- Dla grup szkolnych sà pomocà wnauczaniu st´pujàcych prawie na ca∏ej kuli ziemskiej, biologii. Wykorzystywane sà te˝ w trakcie za- z wyjàtkiem najch∏odniejszych jej obszarów. j´ç studenckich. Niektóre z nich, ze wzgl´du Lista znanych gatunków z pewnoÊcià nie jest na swà atrakcyjnoÊç i ∏atwoÊç utrzymania kompletna. W ostatnich latach poszerzono jà wkolekcji, godne sà szerszego rozpropago- o nowe gatunki, pochodzàce g∏ównie ze s∏abiej wania. spenetrowanych rejonów Australii i mo˝na si´ spodziewaç opisów kolejnych gatunków (Low- ROÂLINY MI¢SO˚ERNE IN VITRO rie 1998). Zaskakujàca morfologia, anatomia i fizjolo- W latach 80. wcyklu doÊwiadczeƒ zoptyma- gia czynià z roÊlin mi´so˝ernych wdzi´czny te- lizowano tkankowe metody rozmna˝ania i dal- mat prac badawczych. Tym cenniejszych, ˝e szà kultur´ roÊlin z rodziny Droseraceae, sku- spora ich cz´Êç to endemity lub gatunki piajàc si´ na gatunkach: Dionaea muscipula o znacznej dyspersji, lecz o nielicznych popu- Ellis, Drosera aliciae Raym.-Hamet, D. binata lacjach. Szereg z nich zagro˝onych jest wygi- Labill., D. brevifolia Pursh, D. burkeana ni´ciem ze wzgl´du na zmiany w Êrodowisku Planch., D. burmannii Vahl, D. capensis L., naturalnym. Na czerwonà list´ Mi´dzynarodo- D. capillaris Poir., D. communis A. St.-Hil., wej Unii Ochrony Przyrody (IUCN Red List D. dielsiana Exell et Laundon, D. filiformis 1997) trafi∏o 13 gat. rosiczek (Drosera), 19 Raf., D. gigantea Lindl., D. hamiltonii C.R.P. gat. dzbaneczników (Nepenthes), 12 gat. t∏u- Andrews, D. intermedia Hayne, D. longifolia stoszy (Pinguicula), 13 gat. p∏ywaczy (Utricu- L., D. montana A. St.-Hil., D. natalensis Diels, laria). Rozpoznanie zasobów danego gatunku, D. pygmaea DC., D. ramentacea Burch. ex ekologii, metod rozmna˝ania i dalszej uprawy Harv. et Sond., D. rotundifolia L., D. spathula- tworzy podstawy skutecznej ochrony. Wro- ta Labill., D. venusta Debbert. c∏awski Ogród Botaniczny wpisa∏ si´ w ten W 1984 i 1985 r. wysiewano sterylne nasio- kierunek dzia∏aƒ, tworzàc swoisty bank genów na rosiczek na po˝ywki storczykowe oraz MS dla 29 gatunków, w wi´kszoÊci rosiczek. Ro- i RM. Kie∏kowanie i dalszy wzrost siewek za- dzimym gatunkiem, rzadkim i ginàcym rów- chodzi∏y wtemperaturze 22–24°C i by∏y naj- nie˝ wstrefach subtropikalnych, jestAldro- lepsze na po˝ywce RM. Siewki tworzy∏y przy- vanda vesiculosa L., obj´ta wieloletnimi bada- byszowe rozetki liÊciowe z uÊpionych pàczków niami. Badania te sà modelowym przyk∏adem wliczbie od jednej do kilkunastu. Odcinano je dzia∏aƒ ochronnych uwieƒczonych odtworze- i ukorzeniano na Êwie˝ej po˝ywce, uzyskujàc niem szeregu populacji. materia∏ do dalszego mno˝enia. Tà metodà Wroc∏awska kolekcja roÊlin mi´so˝ernych wcyklu rocznym z jednej rozetki po 4 pasa˝ach liczy w chwili obecnej 98 taksonów i choç mo˝na uzyskaç kilkaset roÊlin (Kuku∏czanka, tylko w cz´Êci jest eksponowana, odgrywa Czàstka, 1987). 129 Krzysztof Szczerbiƒski Dionaea muscipula Ellis ujawni∏a du˝y po- mi, t∏ustoszami i p∏ywaczami oraz jeden eg- tencja∏ regeneracyjny na po˝ywce RM z dodat- zemplarz Heliamphora heterodoxa Steyerm. kiem NAA i kinetyny (0,2 i 1,0 ppm). Izolowa- ustawione sà w akwariach z centymetrowà ne liÊcie umieszczone na po˝ywce tworzy∏y warstwà wody. wzd∏u˝ nerwu blaszki i ogonka ok. 20 dodatko- Drosera pygmaea DC. z grupy australij- wych roÊlin w ciàgu 4–6 miesi´cy. Z ka˝dej skich rosiczek miniaturowych pochodzi z nich pobierano po 20 liÊci do dalszego mno- z wczeÊniejszej uprawy in vitro i zachowuje ju- ˝enia. Wykazano, ˝e z jednego liÊcia wciàgu wenilnà form´ z niedorozwojem blaszek liÊcio- roku mo˝na uzyskaç 4000 ukorzenionych roÊlin wych. Nie tworzy te˝ gemm (organów wegeta- (Kuku∏czanka i inni 1989). Kultury prowadzo- tywnego rozmna˝ania typowych dla tej grupy no wtemperaturze 22–26°C przy oÊwietleniu rosiczek), a egzemplarze kwitnàce nie zawiàzu- o nat´˝eniu 1500–3500 lx. jà nasion. Przedstawicielem australijskiej grupy Obecnie do uprawy roÊlin mi´so˝ernych in rosiczek bulwiastych w tej kolekcji jest Drose- vitro stosuje si´ g∏ównie zmodyfikowanà po- ra gigantea Lindl., osiàgajàca tu wysokoÊç za- ˝ywk´ MS, wypróbowanà w badaniach nad ledwie 5–7 cm (w naturze do 1 m) i Drosera rozmna˝aniem Drosera intermedia Hayne, peltata Thunb. Na stanowiskach naturalnych o rozcieƒczeniu makroelementów 1/2 (Kromer obie grupy cechuje wyraêna sezonowoÊç wege- i in. 2000). tacji, uwarunkowana ró˝nà dost´pnoÊcià wody Metodà kultur tkankowych rozmna˝ane sà wcyklu rocznym. Bardzo dobrze utrzymujà si´ te˝: Aldrovanda vesiculosa L., Byblis liniflora rzadkie wkolekcjach roÊlin mi´so˝ernych ro- Salisb., Darlingtonia californica Torr., Droso- siczki z grupy petiolaris: Drosera neocaledo- phyllum lusitanicum Link, Nepenthes raffle- nica Raym.-Hamet i Drosera paradoxa ‘White siana Jack, Sarracenia alata (A. Wood) Flower’ o d∏ugich ogonkach liÊciowych. Na ro- A. Wood i Sarracenia minor Walter (tabela 1). siczkach z wymienionych wy˝ej grup skupia O ile przeniesienie rosiczek ze sterylnych si´ L. Lowrie, stosujàc takà typologi´ w opisie kultur do uprawy w pod∏o˝u torfowym nie na- gatunków australijskich (1998). str´cza problemów, to w przypadku Byblis lini- Wymienione wczeÊniej gatunki sà bardzo flora uda∏o si´ to wminionych latach zaledwie Êwiat∏o˝àdne i majà mniejsze wymagania co do dwukrotnie. Podobnie Darlingtonia californi- wilgotnoÊci powietrza, natomiast Drosera ade- ca okaza∏a si´ byç gatunkiem trudno adaptujà- lae F. Muell., D. prolifera C.T. White i D. schi- cym si´ do nowych warunków uprawy. zandra Diels wymagajà rozproszonego Êwiat∏a Aldrovanda vesiculosa by∏a obiektem po- i ocienienia, a maksymalnà wilgotnoÊç atmos- g∏´bionych studiów autekologicznych, a po fery wokó∏ roÊlin zapewnia szczelne przykrycie skutecznym namno˝eniu mo˝liwe by∏o wpro- powierzchni akwarium taflà szklanà. Rosiczki wadzenie gatunku w latach 90. do wytypowa- te rozwijajà du˝e, bardzo efektowne liÊcie nych naturalnych zbiorników wodnych. z wyraênymi gruczo∏kami. LiÊcie D. adelae W 2000 r. na oÊmiu stanowiskach stwierdzono osiàgajà d∏ugoÊç 10 cm. znaczny przyrost liczby osobników w reintro- Mi´dzy rosiczkami rosnà epifityczne, po∏u- dukowanych populacjach (Kamiƒski 2002). dniowoamerykaƒskie p∏ywacze Utricularia Mo˝na tu mówiç o odsuni´ciu groêby wygini´- longifolia Gardn. var. forgetiana (Sander) Hort cia zagro˝onego wkraju gatunku. ex Nichols i drobnolistne higrofity: Utricularia capensis Spreng., U. dichotoma Labill., U. livi- ROÂLINY MI¢SO˚ERNE da E. Mey., U. sandersonii Oliv., które ch´tnie W SZKLARNIACH KOLEKCYJNYCH kwitnà, ale sà bardziej Êwiat∏o˝àdne. W warunkach szklarni ciep∏ej przez ca∏y rok Wspó∏praca z Ogrodem Botanicznym wLi- trzymane sà te˝ t∏ustosze: Pinguicula agnata bercu, b´dàcym centrum badaƒ nad roÊlinami Casper, P. ‘Aphrodite’, P. moctezumae Zamiu- mi´so˝ernymi wRepublice Czeskiej, stanowi- do Ruiz et R.Z. Ortega, P. primuliflora Wood ∏a inspiracj´ do rozbudowy kolekcji. Jej cz´Êç et Godfrey, P. ‘Sethos’, P. ‘Weser’, które sà tu pozostaje wszklarniach kolekcyjnych o wyso- rozmna˝ane z sadzonek liÊciowych. Pinguicula kiej wilgotnoÊci powietrza, gdzie temperatura ‘Aphrodite’ powsta∏a ze skrzy˝owania gatun- latem dochodzi do 30°C. Doniczki z rosiczka- ków P. agnata i odkrytego w1994 r. P. mocte- 130 Kolekcja roÊlin mi´so˝ernych Tabela 1. Wykaz roÊlin mi´so˝ernych w kolekcji Ogrodu Botanicznego Uniwersytetu Wroc∏awskiego. Table 1. List of carnivorous plants in the collection of the Botanical Garden of the Wroclaw University. Lp. Lokalizacja Takson Kultury Szklarnie Ekspozycja Dzia∏ tkaninowe kolekcyjne szklarniowa systematyki 12 3456 1. Aldrovanda vesiculosa L. x x 2. Byblis filifolia Planch. x 3. Byblis liniflora Salisb. x 4. Cephalotus follicularis Labill. x 5. Darlingtonia californica Torrey x 6. Dionaea muscipula Ellis x x x x 7. Dionaea muscipula ‘Akai Ryu’ x 8. Drosera adelae F. Muell. x 9. Drosera admirabilis Debbert x 10. Drosera aliciae R. Hamet x x x 11. Drosera anglica Huds. x 12. Drosera binata Labill. x x x x 13. Drosera binata ‘Multifida’ x x 14. Drosera brevifolia Pursh x 15. Drosera burkeana Planch. x 16. Drosera burmannii Vahl. x 17. Drosera capensis L. x x x x 18. Drosera capensis ‘Alba’ x x 19. Drosera capensis ‘Giant’ x x 20. Drosera capillaris Poir. x x 21. Drosera collinsiae N.E. Br. x 22. Drosera communis A. St.-Hil. x x 23. Drosera cuneifolia L. ex Jackson x 24. Drosera dielsiana Exell. et Laundon x x 25. Drosera filiformis Raf. x 26. Drosera gigantea Lindl. x x 27. Drosera hamiltonii C.R.P. Andrews x 28. Drosera hillaris Cham. et Schltdl. x x x x 29. Drosera intermedia Hayne x x 30. Drosera kaieteurensis Brumm.-Ding. x x 31. Drosera lovellae F.M. Bailey x x 32. Drosera madagascariensis DC. x 33. Drosera montana A. St.-Hil. x x 34. Drosera natalensis Diels x x 35. Drosera paradoxa ‘White Flower’ x 36. Drosera peltata Lehm. x 37. Drosera petiolaris R. Br. ex DC. x 38. Drosera prolifera C.T. White x 39. Drosera pulchella Lehm. x 40. Drosera pygmaea DC. x x 41. Drosera ramentacea Burch. ex Harv. et Sond. x 42. Drosera roraima (Klotzsch ex Diels) Maguire et Laundon x 43. Drosera rotundifolia L. x x 44. Drosera schizandra Diels x 45. Drosera spathulata Labill. x x x 46. Drosera venusta Debbert x x 47. Drosophyllum lusitanicum Link x 131 Krzysztof Szczerbiƒski 12 3456 48. Heliamphora heterodoxa Steyerm. x 49. Nepenthes × coccinea Mast.
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