DOCSLIB.ORG

14C Dating of Bones and Archaeological Artefacts Using Portable Mass Spectrometry

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
14C Dating of Bones and Archaeological Artefacts Using Portable Mass Spectrometry Online isotope ratio monitoring using a RGA David McIntosh, Stamatios Giannoukos, Barry Smith, Tom Fildes, Neil France, Fred Jjunju, Simon Maher & Stephen Taylor Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation Group Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, UK Talk outline Motivation Rationale - Carbon isotope measurement with portable QMS The challenge Results Live reaction monitoring experiments Stability optimisation On-site system Conclusions and next steps Acknowledgements Motivation Halton Castle (Runcorn) Medieval, care of Norton Priory Seat of the Barons of Halton from the C.11th to C.14th Bodies found in the bailey 2015 uncorn/Halton_Castle_Runcorn_jd28060.jpg.html Unusual (unhallowed ground?) http://www.webbaviation.co.uk/gallery/v/cheshire/r Why? Who were they? Local or from elsewhere? What was their social status? http://www.ecastles.co.uk/h altonch.html Why portable Carbon isotope analysis? Carbon isotope analysis is relevant to multiple disciplines Which need affordable, field-applicable analytical tools Environmental monitoring (isotopes from fossil fuels) Archaeology (Dating, diet, migration) Medicine Geology (Isotopes as metabolic tracers) (Dating, diet, metabolism) Why portable Carbon Isotope analysis? Carbon isotope analysis is relevant to multiple disciplines Which need affordable, field-applicable analytical tools Environmental monitoring (isotopes from fossil fuels) Archaeology (Dating, diet, migration) Portable isotope https://gath.files.wordpress.com/2008/11/fig_1.jpg Medicine ratio QMS? Geology (Isotopes as metabolic tracers) (Dating, diet, metabolism) Why IR-QMS? Portable and miniaturisable Affordable, robust, versatile Programmable multiple isotopic ratios with little reconfiguration: 12C/13C (metabolism; environment) e.g. marine reservoir effect diet e.g. C3 or C4 plants 14N/15N (trophic level diet) 16O/18O (ancient temperature) 87Sr/86Sr (food origins migration) 40Ar/39Ar (geochronology) Archaeological example: 휹13C and 휹15N combine for detailed info about diet and so social status; also (indirectly) migration http://www.schoolscience.co.uk/zooarchpage6 The Carbon cycle 12 14 14 14 14 - C →→ → control N + n → C + p C → N + β + ve 13 13C →→ → 휹 C → 14 dating → C 푨ퟎ 풍풏 푨 풕 = ퟓퟓퟔퟖ ퟎ. ퟔퟗퟑ −흀풕 푨 = 푨ퟎ풆 NO CARBON REPLENISHMENT 흀 = (풍풏ퟐ)/풕ퟏ/ퟐ Carbon 12 does not decay in its proportion – acts as a control for overall C content Carbon 13 does not decay in its proportion (~1.1% of 12C) Precise proportion informs about organism’s diet, metabolism & environment Carbon 14: beta decay dominates (to 14N) … exact rate calibrated (historical dates), Ambient concentration: 1 ppt of atmospheric carbon https://allyouneedisbiology.wordpress.com/2016/01/25/dating-fossils/ https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/1686-carbon-14-dating-artefacts Physicists must feel very popular…… Archaeologists keep asking them for DATES! I must go on a diet and migrate to somewhere with a high concentration of stable archaeologists 13 푰 훿 C with portable ∗푨 = 푴±ퟏ 푰푴 Dynamic QMS? range (inc. variable gain) 105 √ Abund. L.O.D. Sensitivity -2 푴 ~10 √ -5 푹 = ~10 √ 횫푴 (ퟏퟎ% 풉풆풊품풉풕) CO 2 12CO 2 13 CO2 14 CO2 Precision ~Half-unit 13퐶 ~ 10-5 resolution √ 12퐶 (math. (~1‰) correction) 훿13C with portable QMS? - stability 푅푠푎푚푝푙푒−푅푠푡푎푛푑푎푟푑 휹ퟏퟑ푪 (‰) = × 1000 푅푠푡푎푛푑푎푟푑 Biological: -14‰ to -28‰ bone samples (e.g. archaeological): 10‰ or << variations significant Ecological / geological (soils etc.): much smaller variations may be significant Medical – isotopes as metabolic tracers: less precision required QMF not classically known for stable quantitative work – why? A) Voltage (in)stability… RF in particular B) Not typically flat top – possible but more challenging in a small instrument C) Fringing field effects? (altering angle and position of QMF entry) QMS must collect alternately – peak-jumping Ratio linearity – ratio varies significantly with sample pressure Results Initial experimentation Measurement stability optimisation Discussion / conclusions Instruments VapourSense-500 Dual-filter Round electrodes, 100 mm HySEM-80 Detector: Dual Faraday / Multiplier Single filter 62 x 49 x 23 cm Hyperbolic electrodes, 250 mm 20 kg (ECU 1.25 kg) Detector: multiplier only Transport: Peli case 85 x 60 x 50 cm Pfeiffer HiPace-80 & MVP-020 ~30-40 kg (ECU 1.25 kg) diaphragm pump Transport: wheeled cabinet Custom chamber, CF seals Pfeiffer HiPace-300 & ACP-15 or MVP- 0-500 Da mass range 015 diaphragm pump QMF and prefilter – UoL design Custom chamber / CF seals Both ECUs - Cyionics Ltd 0-80 Da mass range Evolving CO2 gas from bone bone Bone apatite (bioapatite) - like hydroxylapatite: CO2 - Carbon - gas – Ca (PO ) (OH) solid EI 10 4 6 2 QMS with carbonate substituted in phosphate position [11-12]: Ca10-x[(PO4)6-x(CO3)x](OH)2-x Chloride or phosphate ion can displace CO3 CO2 Acid + bone CO2 + H2O+ … [6-10] Calcium carbonate: useful standard CaCO3 + 2HCl = CO2 + CaCl2 + H2O Norton Priory 3CaCO3 + 2H3PO4 = 3CO2 + Ca3(PO4)2 + 3H2O Medieval Cattle bone photographed by Carla Burrell (LJMU) Experimental: live reaction monitoring (i) Medieval bone (HCl) HySEM-80 Good ‘tracking’ between the two Data for 훿13C averaging signals – positive sign By stable isotope standards this is still poor ratio precision (during reaction): = 60‰ QMS inlet partially closed pre-reaction Need: Stable sample CO2 pressure at the inlet Capillaries for turbulent flow Concurrently evacuating flask may cause isotopic fractionation Live reaction monitoring (ii) CaCO3 + H3PO4 HySEM-80; capillary inlet CO2 detected from reaction CIM: reaction complete Stability and linearity – early results (HySEM) 13 CO2 cylinder gas Pressure range (Torr) Mass 45/44 P퐫퐞퐝퐢퐜퐭퐞퐝 훿 C standard standard deviation deviation Linearity across 6 pressures, ~5 per -6 -6 7.9 x 10 – 1.6 x 10 0.00025 22.4‰ pressure Above – averaging groups of ~5 data 7.9 x 10-6 – 1.6 x 10-6 0.000159 14.1‰ points -6 -6 Above – averaging groups of ~5 ratios 7.9 x 10 – 1.6 x 10 0.000122 10.9‰ Above – with high outlying pressure 3.6 x 10-6 – 1.6 x 10-6 0.000089 7.84‰ removed -6 -6 Above – with high outlying pressure 3.6 x 10 – 1.6 x 10 0.000090 7.99‰ removed • Need stable sample pressure Stability – VapourSense (N2) Peak-jumping mode (MIM) Sample not pressurised Capillary not standard Sintered leak may cause fractionation 29/28 signal is surprisingly stable despite non-ideal setup VapourSense-500, m/z 29/28 ambient N2 MIM mode stand. (peak jumping) dev. (1흈) Stability across 247 0.0000501 measurements (34-minute period) Above – final 37 0.0000275 measurements only (5- minute period) Stability – VapourSense (CO2) Sample @ 30psi; 0.15mm ID stainless-steel crimped capillary Optimised onboard signal averaging and decimation 13C/12C ratio 0.0225 0.022 0.0215 0.021 0.0205 0.02 0.0195 0.019 C (uncalibrated) C 0.0185 12 0 10 20 30 40 C/ 13 Number of measurements (approx. time in mins) 13 퐶 ퟏ흈 = ퟐ. ퟏퟓ × ퟏퟎ−ퟓ 12퐶 푹푺푫 = ퟎ. ퟏퟏퟑ% 휹ퟏퟑ푪 → ퟏ − ퟐ‰ Heuristic comparisons with earlier results 13 12 Averaging: 500 C/ C ratio Reservoir pressure: ≤ 15 푝푠푖 0.023 0.026 Averaging: 250 Reservoir pressure: 25 푝푠푖 0.0225 0.0255 Averaging: 200 0.022 0.025 Reservoir pressure: 31 푝푠푖 0.0215 0.0245 0.021 0.024 Averaging period is critical 0.0205 0.0235 0.02 0.023 Balance – neither too high nor low 0.0195 0.0225 13C/12C (uncalibrated) 13C/12C ~200 readings per point optimal 0.019 0.022 0.0185 0.0215 푣 D휌 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Reynolds number: 푅푒 = 휇 Number of measurements 푣 = 푚푒푎푛 푣푒푙표푐푖푡푦 = 푔푎푠 푑푒푛푠푖푡푦 (approx time in mins) 퐷 = 푣푒푠푠푒푙 푑푖푎푚푒푡푒푟 휇 = 푔푎푠 푣푖푠푐표푠푖푡푦 13 13퐶 13퐶 퐶 푅푒 should exceed critical value > ퟏ흈 = ퟏ − ퟐ × ퟏퟎ−ퟒ ퟏ흈 = ퟏ. ퟎ × ퟏퟎ−ퟒ ퟏ흈 = ퟐ. ퟒퟎ × ퟏퟎ−ퟓ 12퐶 12퐶 12퐶 ~2000 for 0.15mm I.D. capillary, 푹푺푫 = ퟎ. ퟓ − ퟏ % 푹푺푫 = ퟎ. ퟒퟒ % 푹푺푫 = ퟎ. ퟏퟑ % crimped, ~15 psi 휹ퟏퟑ푪 → ퟓ − ퟐퟎ ‰ 휹ퟏퟑ푪 → ퟒ − ퟗ ‰ 휹ퟏퟑ푪 → ퟏ − ퟐ ‰ Higher 푅푒 meta-turbulent flow Onsite reaction monitoring – Halton Castle Stainless steel capillary inlet Reaction flask: H3PO4 + medieval bone Portable QMS enclosure Live on-screen monitoring Portable HySEM-80 QMS operational in Halton Castle grounds, 2017 Conclusions and next steps A portable QMS for onsite isotopic analysis is realistic On the basis of observed results, we believe sufficient precision and local stability are attainable, for useful application; aim to validate results more systematically Measurement stability (local): Observed 0.1% RSD ~1‰ standard deviation in the 훿13C figure may be possible Next step: dual changeover valve – continually subtract readings from a standard gas Precision: prospect of local (‘medium-term’) stability enhancement Precision: prospect of local (‘short-term’) stability enhancement OR deterioration? Accuracy: offset longer-term instrumental drift Experimental / application Concept demonstrated Refine method using well-established IRMS sample collection / introduction approaches Traps (cryogenic, nitrogen) + bellows: stable, high-pressure introduction of purified CO2 Acknowledgements • Norton Priory Museum & Gardens (Runcorn) – access to archaeological collection / dig • Frank Hargrave (Director), Lynn Smith (Senior Keeper), Tom Fildes (Business Officer) • Q-Technologies (Liverpool) – instrumentation, technical support • Pro-Vac Services Ltd (Crewe) – sample introduction advice and components • Liverpool Isotope Facility for Environmental Research (LIFER) Dr. Stephen Crowley – advice on standard precision tolerances and experimental protocol • Cyionics Ltd (Pontypool) –
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Halton Grange Page 1 of 4 SITE NAME: Address Halton Grange (Runcorn Town Hall), Heath Road, Runcorn, WA7 5TD Unitary Authority
    SITE NAME: Halton Grange (Runcorn Town Hall), Heath Road, Runcorn, WA7 5TD Address Unitary Halton Borough Council Authority: Parish: Runcorn Location: 0.5km south of Runcorn Town centre Grid Ref: SJ 518 820. Owner: Halton Borough Council Recorder: JC Date of Site Visit 20.04.2016 Date of Report: 29/04/17 Summary Halton Grange was built in the 1850s as a residential property for a local soap manufacturer. The grounds were laid out in 1853-4 by Edward Kemp. In 1932 the property and a small portion of the surrounding land were sold to Runcorn District Council who took it over as council offices. Many original features survive inside the building and elements of Kemp’s layout and features remain in the grounds. The kitchen garden has been lost to council offices. Halton Grange is now known as Runcorn Town Hall and belongs to Halton Borough Council. Principal remaining features House, listed Grade II (List Entry Number: 1104859) The long walk Sandstone retaining wall with niche Sections of wall associated with the kitchen garden and outbuildings An ornamental pond Parkland trees History (numbers in brackets refer to images, letters in brackets refer to maps) The earliest record in the deeds of Halton Grange is August 1778 when Thomas Fearnhead was granted a tenancy of land owned by the Duchy of Lancaster, by The Court of the Manor of Halton. In December 1780, the tenancy passed to Daniel Orred and then to his nephew, George Orred upon his death. The total land holding was described as 14 Cheshire acres. At the Manor Court in 1836 evidence was given of the grant to George Orred of the tenancy, of its subsequent transfer to William Johnson (victualler) for £1,900, and of a further transfer to Francis Salkeld (grocer) in 1830 for the sum of £3,720.
    [Show full text]
  • Halton Village CAA and MP:Layout 1.Qxd
    Halton Village Conservation Area Appraisal and Management Plan 1 HALTON VILLAGE CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL AND MANAGEMENT PLAN PUBLIC CONSULTATION DRAFT 2008 This document has been produced in partnership with Donald Insall Associates ltd, as it is based upon their original appraisal completed in april 2008. if you wish to see a copy of the original study, please contact Halton Borough Council's planning and policy division. Cover Photo courtesy of Norton Priory Museum Trust and Donald Insall Associates. Operational Director Environmental Health and Planning Environment Directorate Halton Borough Council Rutland House Halton Lea Runcorn WA7 2GW www.halton.gov.uk/forwardplanning 2 CONTENTS APPENDICES PREFACE 1.7 NEGATIVE FACTORS A Key Features Plans Background to the Study 1.7.1 Overview B Gazetteer of Listed Scope and Structure of the Study 1.7.2 Recent Development Buildings Existing Designations and Legal 1.7.3 Unsympathetic Extensions C Plan Showing Contribution Framework for Conservation Areas 1.7.4 Unsympathetic Alterations of Buildings to the and the Powers of the Local Authority 1.7.5 Development Pressures Character of the What Happens Next? 1.7.6 Loss Conservation Area 1.8 CONCLUSION D Plan Showing Relative Ages PART 1 CONSERVATION AREA of Buildings APPRAISAL PART 2 CONSERVATION AREA E Plans Showing Existing and MANAGEMENT PLAN Proposed Conservation 1.1 LOCATION Area Boundaries 1.1.1 Geographic Location 2.1 INTRODUCTION F Plan Showing Area for 1.1.2 Topography and Geology 2.2 GENERAL MANAGEMENT Proposed Article 4 1.1.3 General
    [Show full text]
  • Runcorn History Research 1. Primary Sources A
    RUNCORN HISTORY RESEARCH 1. PRIMARY SOURCES A. Parliamentary A. 1 Acts and Orders of Parliament Inclosure Halton or Moor Moss Act 1816 Runcorn Improvement Act 1852 Runcorn Commissioners Act 1893 Local Government Board Provisional Orders (Confirmation No. 8)Act 1895 Cheshire Constabulary 1852 Runcorn, Weston & Halton Waterworks Act 1865 Runcorn, Weston & Halton Waterworks (Capital) Act 1870 Runcorn District Water Board Act 1923 Runcorn & District Water Board Act 1962 Runcorn Gas Act 1847 Runcorn Gas Act 1885 Runcorn & Weston Lighting (draft) Order 1910 Runcorn Urban & Runcorn Rural Electric Light Order 1910 Electric Lighting Orders (Confirmation No. 1) Act 1910 Widnes and Runcorn Bridge Act 1900 Widnes and Runcorn Bridge(Transfer) Act 1911 Ministry of Health Provisional Orders (No.8) 13.5.1921 Provisional Order for Altering Widnes and Runcorn Bridge Act 1900 and Widnes and Runcorn Bridge (Transfer) Act 1911. 1921 Tramways (Temporary Increase of Charges) Act 1920 Cheshire & Lancashire County Councils (Runcorn – Widnes Bridge) Act 1947 Runcorn - Widnes Bridge Act 1955 Chester and Warrington Turnpike Act 1786 Runcorn and Northwich Turnpike Act 1818 Weston Point Light Railway, Order 1920 Upper Mersey Navigation Act 1876 Weaver Navigation Act 1720 Weaver Navigation Act 1760 Weaver Navigation Act 1807 Weaver Navigation Act 1840 Weaver Navigation Act 1866 Weaver Navigation Act 1928 Bridgewater Trust (ref. Weston Canal) Act 1857 The Bridgewater Canal (Waterloo Bridge) (Local Enactments) Order 1973 Manchester Ship Canal Act 1885 Manchester Ship
    [Show full text]
  • Community Archaeological Excavation
    Community Archaeological Excavation Halton Castle, Runcorn Client: Norton Priory Museum and Gardens Technical Report: Sarah Cattell Report No: 24/2015 1 Site Location: Land situated within the ancient scheduled monument of Halton Castle, Castle Road, Halton, Runcorn, Cheshire, WA7 1SX. NGR: SJ 53756 82035 Internal Ref: (SA 24/2015) Proposal: Archaeological Evaluation Planning Ref: N/A Prepared for: Norton Priory Museum and Gardens Document Title: Halton Castle, Runcorn - Community Excavation Document Type: Archaeological Excavation Report. Version: Version 1.0 Author: Sarah Cattell. Position: Project Officer Date: November 2016 Signed:………………….. Approved by: Adam J Thompson BA Hons, MA, MIFA Position: Director of Archaeology Date: November 2016 Signed:………………….. Copyright: Copyright for this document remains with Salford Archaeology, University of Salford. Contact: Salford Archaeology, University of Salford, Room LG25, Peel Building, Crescent, Salford, M5 4WX. Telephone: 0161 295 2545 Email: [email protected] Disclaimer: This document has been prepared by the Salford Archaeology, University of Salford for the titled project or named part thereof and should not be used or relied upon for any other project without an independent check being undertaken to assess its suitability and the prior written consent and authority obtained from the Salford Archaeology. The University of Salford accepts no responsibility or liability for the consequences of this document being used for a purpose other than those for which it was commissioned. Other persons/parties using or relying on this document for other such purposes agrees, and will by such use or reliance be taken to confirm their agreement to indemnify the University of Salford for all loss or damage resulting therefrom.
    [Show full text]
  • Remains, Historical & Literary
    GENEALOGY COLLECTION Cj^ftljnm ^Ofiftg, ESTABLISHED MDCCCXLIII. FOR THE PUBLICATION OF HISTORICAL AND LITERARY REMAINS CONNECTED WITH THE PALATINE COUNTIES OF LANCASTER AND CHESTEE. patrons. The Right Hon. and Most Rev. The ARCHBISHOP of CANTERURY. His Grace The DUKE of DEVONSHIRE, K.G.' The Rt. Rev. The Lord BISHOP of CHESTER. The Most Noble The MARQUIS of WESTMINSTER, The Rf. Hon. LORD DELAMERE. K.G. The Rt. Hon. LORD DE TABLEY. The Rt. Hon. The EARL of DERBY, K.G. The Rt. Hon. LORD SKELMERSDALE. The Rt. Hon. The EARL of CRAWFORD AND The Rt. Hon. LORD STANLEY of Alderlev. BALCARRES. SIR PHILIP DE M ALPAS GREY EGERTON, The Rt. Hon. LORD STANLEY, M.P. Bart, M.P. The Rt. Rev. The Lord BISHOP of CHICHESTER. GEORGE CORNWALL LEGH, Esq , M,P. The Rt. Rev. The Lord BISHOP of MANCHESTER JOHN WILSON PATTEN, Esq., MP. MISS ATHERTON, Kersall Cell. OTounctl. James Crossley, Esq., F.S.A., President. Rev. F. R. Raines, M.A., F.S.A., Hon. Canon of ^Manchester, Vice-President. William Beamont. Thomas Heywood, F.S.A. The Very Rev. George Hull Bowers, D.D., Dean of W. A. Hulton. Manchester. Rev. John Howard Marsden, B.D., Canon of Man- Rev. John Booker, M.A., F.S.A. Chester, Disney Professor of Classical Antiquities, Rev. Thomas Corser, M.A., F.S.A. Cambridge. John Hakland, F.S.A. Rev. James Raine, M.A. Edward Hawkins, F.R.S., F.S.A., F.L.S. Arthur H. Heywood, Treasurer. William Langton, Hon. Secretary. EULES OF THE CHETHAM SOCIETY. 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Ge from the Chair ______
    HALTON NEWSLETTER ___________________ July 2021 Widnes Library (Photo courtesy of Chris Lewis (Halton u3a Secretary) Message from the Chair ___________________________________________ When you read this we will have passed Freedom Day and be taking steps back to life BC (Before Covid). In common with many of you Chris and I will be proceeding with caution. Much as we would prefer real freedom, we know from experience in our family that you can get Covid twice and being double vaccinated does not give 100% protection. However humans are social beings and not meant to live in isolation. We have started travelling and it will not surprise you to know that trains were involved. On Thursday, 8th July 2021 we travelled to London and the following day took a nostalgic trip behind a steam engine to Weymouth. Careful planning allowed us to meet family and friends we have not seen for nearly two years over the course of a long weekend. On Saturday, 17th July 2021, we treated ourselves to travelling on a reconstruction of the Blue Pullman, a luxury journey to Cardiff. It was not a steam engine but it still managed to break down for two hours in the middle of nowhere on the return journey. This meant we arrived in Crewe two minutes after the last train left for Warrington. Despite having paid a large amount of money for the day, the attitude of the train management was 'that is your problem'. Luckily for us we had kind friends on the train who had left their car in Crewe. They drove us home before going back to Sandbach.
    [Show full text]
  • Initial Proposals for New Parliamentary Constituency Boundaries in the North West Contents
    Initial proposals for new Parliamentary constituency boundaries in the North West Contents Summary 3 1 What is the Boundary Commission for England? 5 2 Background to the 2018 Review 7 3 Initial proposals for the North West 11 Initial proposals for the Cumbria sub‑region 12 Initial proposals for the Lancashire sub‑region 13 Initial proposals for the Merseyside (less the Wirral) 15 sub‑region Initial proposals for the Greater Manchester, 16 Wirral and Cheshire sub‑region 4 How to have your say 23 Annex A: Initial proposals for constituencies, 27 including wards and electorates Glossary 44 Initial proposals for new Parliamentary constituency boundaries in the North West 1 Summary Who we are and what we do What is changing in the North West? The Boundary Commission for England is an independent and impartial The North West has been allocated 68 non‑departmental public body which is constituencies – a reduction of seven from responsible for reviewing Parliamentary the current number. constituency boundaries in England. Due to the significant change required The 2018 Review throughout the region, our proposals leave 14 of the 75 existing constituencies We have the task of periodically reviewing unchanged. the boundaries of all the Parliamentary constituencies in England. We are currently As it has not always been possible to conducting a review on the basis of rules allocate whole numbers of constituencies set by Parliament in 2011. The rules tell to individual counties, we have grouped us that we must make recommendations some county and local authority areas for new Parliamentary constituency into sub‑regions. The number of boundaries in September 2018.
    [Show full text]
  • ELECTORAL REVIEW of HALTON BOROUGH COUNCIL Submission on Ward Patterns to the Local Government Boundary Commission for England
    ELECTORAL REVIEW OF HALTON BOROUGH COUNCIL Submission on ward patterns to the Local Government Boundary Commission for England August 2018 1 | P a g e Halton Today Halton Borough Council was created in 1974. The Cheshire (Boroughs of Halton and Warrington) (Structural Change) Order 1996 created a unitary authority for Halton which came into existence on 1 April 1998. The council serves a population of 125,700 covering the two towns of Widnes and Runcorn and the Parishes of Hale, Halebank, Preston Brook, Moore, Daresbury and Sandymoor. The two towns of Widnes and Runcorn face each other across the River Mersey. The borough benefits from excellent connectivity and transport infrastructure. There are good road and rail connections to London (less than 2 hours by train) and Birmingham. Similarly there is good proximity and access to airports at Liverpool and Manchester and to the Merseyside seaports. Halton is also part of the Liverpool City Region Combined Authority. This is one of the few City Regions to have secured a Devolution Agreement with the Government, meaning decision making and resources around key priorities are managed locally. The initial Devolution Agreement in November 2015 secured £900 million of funding over the next 30 years and identified a number of priority areas where resources and decision making would be devolved to us. These are employment and skills, housing and planning, transport, innovation, business growth and support, energy, culture and finance. The borough has inherited a difficult legacy from its industrial past, particularly social and economic problems. With changes to industry and employment the borough has comparatively high levels of deprivation.
    [Show full text]
  • Thomas' Hunting Diary, 1905-1906
    THOMAS' HUNTING DIARY 1905^1906. !/• fC EDITED BY WALTER M. MAY and ARTHUR W. COATEN. ILLUSTRATED BY MISS DOROTHY HARDY. Price 2/6 Net. PUBLISHED AT "THE COUNTY GENTLEMAN AND LAND AND WATER" OFFICE. 4 AND 5 DEAN STREET, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C. " i»>iiii i ii;ii . ^ CO Telegraphic Address: " BROWBOUND, LONDON." Telephone: 78+ MAYFAIR. Huntiiig Hats TO H. M THE KING Herbert Johnson, ^^^^>«00ro^^ ^"T"% 38 NEW BOND STREET, LONDON, W. B .ou'^^f^o^^^ H.R.H. The es of Denmark, Leopold of Prussia, H.I.H. The i Frederick H.R H. The lias of Greece. of Clarence and .Avondale, K.G. H.R.H rriiK ie etc., etc. CAMBROyE I7A:CC\RK Htmtiitg and 1{i(Jing Hats. {Yiarhcd success obtained in the fitting of Cadies' Riding I^ats. nylleasuri-s of /lead tal^en by a ne-w method •xhich has proved highly successful in the most difficult eases. ii ( ) ^^ IBv lU'pomtmcnt to ?; ^^ V V "-^f. '!', >o^ '^., iS?' '^O >>"-" ^' HIS MAJESTY THE RING, md H.R.H. THE PRINCE OF WALES. Benson & Hedges,ltd. Importers ofHavana Cigars IN ALL THE LEADING BRANDS. (A LARGE VARIETY SUITABLE FOR HUNTING PURPOSES). Manufacturers &f Importers of Oriental Cigarettes Special Brands: CAIRO EL HOUSSOUN (ClUidcl Trcldc iMark) MAGNOLIA EL KAHLA NEW YORK LONDON MONTREAL 17 West 31ST Street 13 Old Bond Street 183 St. James Street 509 Fifth Avenue W. 74 Broadway 4- THOMAS HUNTING DIARY 1905^1906. EDITED BY WALTER M. MAY and ARTHUR W. COATEN. ILLUSTRATED BY MISS DOROTHY HARDY. PUBLISHED AT "THE COUNTY GENTLEMAN AND LAND AND WATER" OFFICE.
    [Show full text]
  • Boundary Commission for England Proceedings At
    BOUNDARY COMMISSION FOR ENGLAND PROCEEDINGS AT THE 2018 REVIEW OF PARLIAMENTARY CONSTITUENCIES IN ENGLAND HELD AT VICTORIA SUITE, THE QUEEN HOTEL, CITY ROAD, CHESTER CH1 3AH ON THURSDAY 13 OCTOBER 2016 DAY ONE Before: Mr Neil Ward, the Lead Assistant Commissioner ____________________________________________________________ Transcribed from audio by W B Gurney & Sons LLP 83 Victoria Street, London, SW1H 0HW Telephone Number: 020 3585 4721/22 ____________________________________________________________ Time noted: 11.00 am THE LEAD ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER: Good morning ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to this public hearing on the Boundary Commission’s initial proposals for new parliamentary constituency boundaries for the North West Region. I am Neil Ward. I am an Assistant Commissioner appointed by the Boundary Commission to assist it in its task of making recommendations for new constituencies. I am responsible for chairing the hearing today and tomorrow, and indeed across the whole of the North West, and I am also responsible, with my fellow Assistant Commissioners, Nicholas Elliott who is here and Graeme Clarke, for analysing all of the representations received, whether oral representations or written representations, and considering them and presenting our final recommendations to the Commission as to whether or not we believe it is suitable to amend its initial proposals. It goes without saying, therefore, that the Assistant Commissioners have had no say and we have not had any hand in the drafting of the proposals that are on the table before us. We are in a sense “honest brokers” in taking on board the comments we receive, the representations we receive, and then deciding the merits of the case and presenting it back to the Commission for it to consider how to proceed.
    [Show full text]
  • Four Eighteenth-Century Buildings at Halton
    FOUR EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY BUILDINGS AT HALTON A. H. Gomme, M.A., Ph.D., F.S.A. Halton, which a decade ago gave its ordinary-sounding name to the improbable union of Runcorn and Widnes, is, for historical architecture, quite the most interesting part of the new borough. This paper is concerned with its four most prominent survivals from the first half of the eighteenth century, three on the Brow near the church and castle and one now lost among new housing on the flat land to the south. Three of these buildings Hallwood, the parish library and the vicarage are connected with the Chesshyre family who had lived in Halton certainly as early as the sixteenth century. The present Hallwood, though it may incorporate earlier work, was probably built by Thomas Chesshyre shortly before 1660. He is described as an 'official of the Duchy of Lancaster" and may just possibly have been a lawyer, like an Elizabethan ancestor of the same name and like his once-celebrated son who was born at Hallwood in 1662.2 John Chesshyre was the fourth of five brothers and had at least one sister. He was entered at the Inner Temple in 1696 and was involved in several of the most controversial trials of the early eighteenth century, which greatly enriched him; he rose to be queen'sand, on George I' s accession, 1714, when he was knighted, king's serjeant and finally, in 1727, king's prime serjeant. He spent most of his life in London (where he owned a house in Essex Street, Strand) and in Isleworth, then a fashionable out-of-town village with numerous substantial gentry houses, one of which Chesshyre bought in 1718 and subsequently enlarged.
    [Show full text]
  • Cline Family and Beyond
    The Family Volume II Appendices ii Contents Volume 11 Appendix A - Ancient Branches, 1 Britons, Franks, Hebrews, Scandinavian, Scythian, Sicambrian Appendix B - Direct Ancestral Links to the Ancient Past, 19 Norman-English, Celtic-French, Anglo-Saxon, Mayflower, Hohenstauffen-English, Hebrew Appendix C - Virginia Ligons, 51 Documents, Extended Families, “From Jackson to Vicksburg 1861-1865 - Memories of the War Between the States” Appendix D - Scottish Clan Connections, 85 Member Clans of the Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs: Bruce, Campbell, Drummond, Dunbar, Gordon, Graham, Hamilton, Hanna, Hay, Home, Keith, Ker, Leslie, Lindsay, Lyon, MacDonald, Montgomery, Murray, Ross,, Scott, Sempill, Sinclair, Stuart of Bute, Sutherland, Wallace. The Armigerous Clans and Families of Sc otland: Armstrong, Baillie, Douglas, Fleming, Hepburn, Livingston, Lundin, Muir, Seton, Somerville, Stewart (Royal), Stewart of Appin, Stewart of Atholl. Other Clan/Sept Connec tions: Angus, Barclay, Galloway, Haye, Knights Templar (Dress/Huntimg), Roslyn Chaple, Royal Stewart Appendix E - Magna Charta Barons, 131 The Baronage of the Magna Charta & Biographies: William d’Albini (Aubigny), Roger Bigod, Hugh Bigod, Henry de Bohun, Richard de Clare, Gilbert de Clare, John FitzRobert, Robert FitzWalter, William de Fortibus, William de Hardell (Mayor of London), William de Huntingfield, William de Lanvallei, John de Lacie, William Malet, Geoffrey de Mandeville, William Marshall Jr., Roger de Montbegon, Richard de Montifichet, Roger de Mobray, William de Mowbray, Saire
    [Show full text]