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Research Journal of Nanoscience and Volume 2, Issue 4, 2018, PP 19-21 ISSN 2637-5591

Nanorobotics-A Remodeling Arena of

Nida Tabassum Khan Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Informatics, Balochistan University of Information Engineering and Management Sciences,(BUITEMS),Quetta, Pakistan *Corresponding Author: Nida Tabassum Khan, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Informatics, Balochistan University of Information Technology Engineering and Management Sciences,(BUITEMS),Quetta, Pakistan

ABSTRACT Nanoroboticsis a subdiscipline of nanotechnology that is involved in designing and developing nano devices called as nanorobots. Such engineered nanodevices serve multiple purposes such as being used in biomedical applications for early diseases prognosis, enhancing disease and treatment. The enduring developments of this field includes molecular sensors, bioelectronics and nano motors etc. Such accomplishments proposes promising in the field of science. Keywords: Nanobots; Nano swimmers; Meta-materials; Nanorockets; Respirocytes; Clottocytes.. INTRODUCTION is an emerging subdiscipline of  Sperm Microrobots: These are sperm- nanotechnology that involves scheming and inspired microrobots, controlled by building of nanorobots which are also termed vacillating weak magnetic fieldsto be as nanoids ornanobots [1].Nanobotsare 0.1-10 employed in micro-manipulation and micrometres sized devices constructed from targeted therapy tasks [8]. nanosized molecular components which  -Powered : Bacteria- allows precise interactions with nanoscale powered robots guided by an electric field objects [2]. to detect hindrances in their environment These engineered nano machines are of [9]. its applications include delivery different types some of are as follows: andstem manipulation [10]. Nanoengine  Nanorockets: High speed remote- Nanoengine fabricated from a single by a controlled nanorocket have been designed group of physicists from the University of by unitingbiological with Mainz in Germany which converts heat energy [11]. intomotion on a reduced scale [3] APPLICATIONS OF SOME NANOBOTS DNA Derived 3D-Motion Nanomachines Applications of these nanobots are as follows: Nanomachines has been designed and assembled using DNA origamiat Ohio State  Early recognition of or tumour cells University [4]. with the help of sensors embedded Nanoswimmers nanobots will accelerate cancer prognosis [12].Through explicit programming Designing of an elastic 15 micrometers long finding of cancer biomarkers such as e- nanoswimmer polypyrrole that is cadherins and beta-catenin could be easily about 200 nanometers in thickness and is done [13].In addition nanobots with capable to pass through biological electrolyte surface chemotactic sensors assures environments [5].it could be effective in targeted specific treatment of cancer [14]. targeted to cancerous cells [6]. ANTs Nanoengine  Nanobots enables target specific delivery of drug or DNA for the treatment of  Actuating nanotransducers nanoengines disease [15]. with 100x force per unit-weight [7].  Producing nanoparticles that assembles in specific tissues and later detected by

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magnetic resonance imaging could aid in technology. By designing and developing understanding the anatomy of the infected unique nanobots, this discipline holds the area [16] potential to revolutionize the contemporary information analysis routes in a more high tech  Nanorobotics could make our existing manner for effective implementation. machines energy proficient utilizing less energy to operate at elevated aptitudes REFERENCES [17]. [1] Freitas, R. A. (2005). Current status of  Designing novel Meta-materials such as and medical nanorobotics. nano sized girdersis one of the latest Journal of computational and theoretical invention of nanorobotics [18]. nanoscience, 2(1), 1-25. [2] Mavroidis, C., & Ferreira, A. (2013).  Designing engineered nano respirocytes Nanorobotics: past, present, and future. In andclottocytes that functions as artificial Nanorobotics (pp. 3-27). Springer, , red blood cells to transport oxygen and NY. artificial platelets for halting bleeding [3] Roßnagel, J., Abah, O., Schmidt-Kaler, F., respectively [19,20]. Singer, K., & Lutz, E. (2014). Nanoscale heat engine beyond the Carnot limit. Physical review  embedded nanobots promises letters, 112(3), 030602. enhanced biohazard defenses in remote [4] Zhou, L., Marras, A. E., Su, H. J., & Castro, C. areas by transferring real-time data in E. (2015). Direct design of an energy landscape areas where public infrastructure is limited with bistable DNA origami mechanisms. Nano and laboratory facilities are inaccessible letters, 15(3), 1815-1821. [21]. [5] Golestanian, R., Liverpool, T. B., & Ajdari, A.  Nanobots could be helpful in reducing (2007). Designing phoretic micro-and nano- contamination by providing effective swimmers. New Journal of , 9(5), 126. screening for seclusion [22]. [6] Li, T., Li, J., Zhang, H., Chang, X., Song, W., Hu, Y., & Wang, J. (2016). Magnetically  based sponge like nano bots were Propelled Fish‐Like Nanoswimmers. Small, designed to remove pollutants such as 12(44), 6098-6105. pesticides, pharmaceuticals fertilizers etc [7] Akyildiz, I. F., Brunetti, F., & Blázquez, C. from the oceans and seas [23]. (2008). : A new communication paradigm. Networks, 52(12), 2260-  Nano replicators also called as molecular 2279. assembler were developed to lead [8] Khalil, I. S., Dijkslag, H. C., Abelmann, L., & biochemical reactions by placing Misra, S. (2014). MagnetoSperm: A microrobot responsive molecules with atomic that navigates using weak magnetic fields. exactitude [24]. Letters, 104(22), 223701.  It is believed that one day nanorobots will [9] Sahari, A., Headen, D., & Behkam, B. (2012). establish a communicable interface Effect of body shape on the motile behavior of between our nervous system and the cloud bacteria-powered swimming microrobots (BacteriaBots). Biomedical microdevices, 14(6), by 2030 [25]. 999-1007.  Cell-like nanobots helps clear bacteria and [10] Kim, M., & Julius, A. A. (Eds.). (2012). toxins from the blood [26] Microbiorobotics: biologically inspired microscale robotic systems. William Andrew. However designing and development of [11] Wu, Z., Wu, Y., He, W., Lin, X., Sun, J., & He, nanorobots is quite a difficult mission with Q. (2013). Self‐propelled ‐based fabrication and control challenges in the way multilayer nanorockets for transportation and [27]. These challenges could range from drug release. Angewandte Chemie International engineering nanoscale components to Edition, 52(27), 7000-7003. executing medical procedures inside the body [12] Venkatesan, M., & Jolad, B. (2010, December). under controlled pathways [28]. Nanorobots in cancer treatment. In Emerging Trends in and Communication CONCLUSION (INTERACT), 2010 International Nanorobotics is an innovating yet an emerging Conference on (pp. 258-264). IEEE. field that offers immense benefits in the arena [13] Li, J., de Ávila, B. E. F., Gao, W., Zhang, L., & of , and information Wang, J. (2017). Micro/nanorobots for

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: Delivery, , sensing, and [22] Singh, M., & Naveen, B. P. (2014). Molecular detoxification. Sci. ., 2(4). nanotechnology: a new avenue for environment [14] Khulbe, P. (2014). Nanorobots: a review. treatment. IOSR J Environ Sci Tox Food IJPSR, 5(6), 2164-73. Technol, 8(1), 93-99. [15] Rao, V. N. (2014). Nanorobots in Medicine-A [23] Pumera, M. (2018). Micro/ for New Dimension in Bio Nanotechnology. Water Purification. –A European Transactions on Networks and Journal. Communications, 2(2), 46-57. [24] Drexler, K. E. (2004). Nanotechnology: from [16] Ahmad, U., & Md, F. (2016). Smart Nanobots: Feynman to funding. Bulletin of Science, The Future in Nanomedicine and Technology & Society, 24(1), 21-27. Biotherapeutics. J Nanomedine Biotherapeutic [25] Kurzweil, R. (2010). . Discov, 6, e140. Gerald Duckworth & Co. [17] Hood, E. (2004). Nanotechnology: looking as [26] Esteban-Fernández de Ávila , B., Gao, W., we leap. Environmental Health Perspectives, Karshalev, E., Zhang, L., & Wang, J. (2018). 112(13), A740. Cell-Like Micromotors. Accounts of Chemical [18] Zhang, M., Guo, J., Yu, Y., Wu, Y., Yun, H., Research, 51(9), 1901-1910. Jishkariani, D., & Murray, C. B. (2018). 3D [27] Mavroidis, C., & Ferreira, A. (2009). Special Nanofabrication via Chemo‐Mechanical Issue on Current State of the Art and Future Transformation of /Bulk Challenges in Nanorobotics. Heterostructures. Advanced Materials, 30(22), [28] Cavalcanti, A., Rosen, L., Kretly, L. C., 1800233. Rosenfeld, M., & Einav, S. (2004, December). [19] Kad, D., & Thorat, S. H. K. (2018). Nanorobotic challenges in biomedical NANOROBOTICS: MEDICINE OF THE applications, design and control. In Electronics, FUTURE. Circuits and Systems, 2004. ICECS 2004. [20] Agarwal, A. (2012). The future of Proceedings of the 2004 11th IEEE anaesthesiology. Indian journal of anaesthesia, International Conference on (pp. 447-450). 56(6), 524. IEEE. [21] Hassanzadeh, P., Atyabi, F., & Dinarvand, R. (2017). Creation of Nanorobots: Both State-of- the-Science and State-of-the-Art. Biomedical Reviews, 27, 19-26.

Citation: Nida Tabassum Khan. "Nanorobotics-A Remodeling Arena of Nanotechnology", Research

Journal of Nanoscience and Engineering, vol. 2, no. 4, pp.19-21, 2018.

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Research Journal of Nanoscience and Engineering V2 ● I4 ● 2018 21