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Voices of Survivors of Conflict-Related Sexual Violence and Service-Providers

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Voices of Survivors of Conflict-Related Sexual Violence and Service-Providers 1 IN THEIR OWN WORDSVOICES OF SURVIVORS OF CONFLICT-RELATED SEXUAL VIOLENCE AND SERVICE-PROVIDERS Artwork | Ilir Blakcori 2 IN THEIR OWN WORDS VOICES OF SURVIVORS OF CONFLICT-RELATED SEXUAL VIOLENCE AND SERVICE-PROVIDERS FOREWORD When the COVID-19 pandemic struck, I was immediately in New York, in the spirit of connecting frontline actors from confronted with the challenge of how to continue effectively theatres of war with donors, diplomats and political leaders delivering my mandate to prevent and address the scourge on the world stage. of conflict-related sexual violence. In particular, I grappled with the question of how to keep the voices and perspectives In that same spirit, the present Digital Book arises from a of survivors at the heart of these efforts. As travel commitment to be guided by “ground truths” and to keep restrictions, lockdowns and remote working arrangements the voices of survivors at the heart of global efforts, despite took effect, field missions were suspended, and resources COVID-related restrictions and constraints. This platform is a redirected, I became gravely concerned that the plight of new way of continuing our efforts to bring survivors together sexual violence survivors would be forgotten. Moreover, it across time and space, in order to foster dialogue, a sense soon became clear that this unprecedented public health of community, and solace in solidarity. It complements crisis would exacerbate the humanitarian effects of armed the Report of the Secretary-General on Conflict-Related conflict, population displacement, and structural gender- Sexual Violence, which is compiled annually by my Office, based inequality, slowing the pace of justice and disrupting illustrating that behind every statistic there is a mother, essential services, as courts and clinics were forced to close son, daughter, sister or friend, each one unique and their doors. The already chronically underreported crime of irreplaceable. It gives a human face and voice to the hard wartime rape risked slipping further into the shadows. data we gather and report to the Security Council and other global bodies as an evidence-base for action. Through this This stark reality surfaced just one year after the United digital platform, a range of voices that were at risk of being Nations Security Council had adopted resolution 2467 muted and lost to history, call to us louder, more clearly, and (2019), calling for a survivor-centred approach to inform more urgently than ever. all prevention and response efforts. Such an approach recognizes that the lived experience of survivors must guide In this unique anthology, which spans a dozen countries and the search for solutions, including decisions about policies, includes more than 150 testimonies from conflicts ranging programming, and resource allocation. It recognizes that from 1992 to the present, survivors and service-providers survivors are unique individuals and seeks to empower them speak in their own words. by prioritizing their different needs, perspectives and wishes, paying particular attention to intersecting inequalities, in I believe this Digital Book will make a critical contribution order to ensure their rights are respected, they are treated to the historical record, for a crime that has been history’s with dignity, and are able to make informed decisions about most neglected and least condemned atrocity of war. their futures. Indeed, the survivor-centred, rights-based Official records of battlefield brutalities and peace-table approach has been the moral compass guiding my tenure as deliberations only tell half the story. The primary source Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual accounts gathered here provide a window onto the unseen, Violence in Conflict since I took office in June 2017. My vision everyday realities of war. They show the incalculable human for this mandate has been to prioritize first-hand encounters cost of war’s cheapest weapon. We hear in these pages the with survivors and communities at risk in order to amplify voices of women, men, girls and boys who cried out for help, their concerns and bridge their perspectives to policy only to be stifled and silenced. As one contributor writes, the and decision-making forums. Indeed, in October 2019, I victim “started shouting for help, but they muted her”. Many commemorated the 10-year anniversary of the mandate by recount being arrested, threatened, attacked or rejected for holding a Survivors’ Hearing at United Nations Headquarters speaking their truth to a power maintained at gunpoint. 4 5 These personal narratives span a range of experiences, two stories: one looking back at the ordeal they endured, underscoring that survivors cannot be viewed or treated and the other outlining how they moved forward in its as a homogenous group. They include the experiences of aftermath, which one survivor described as her “healing refugees and internally displaced persons, individuals living journey”. Whether or not survivors were treated with dignity with disabilities, people who became HIV-positive as a result and respect by service-providers, the criminal justice of rape, rural women attacked while undertaking essential system, and their own families and communities, made all livelihood activities, indigenous survivors, political dissidents the difference on their journey from victim to survivor, and, and activists, as well as children conceived as a result of in many cases, activist, advocate and agent of social change. wartime rape and their mothers. They cover a harrowing Through acceptance and support, many survivors have range of crimes, including sexual slavery, forced marriage, been able to turn the page and to write a new chapter of forced impregnation, gang-rape by multiple perpetrators, their lives. rape in detention as a tactic of interrogation and torture, trafficking, violent extremism and terrorism. Their detailed A number of consistent themes echo across these diverse accounts reinforce our understanding that sexual violence and deeply personal accounts. What stands out to me, does not occur in a vacuum. It is described in the pages that above all, is the thirst for justice and the hunger for peace. follow as an integral component of military operations, of Most survivors lament that they have never received ethnic, religious and political persecution, a driver of forced reparations, or even a word of apology and recognition. It displacement, eviction and land dispossession, and as a is evident in these pages that most perpetrators walk free, gendered and intergenerational harm, with ripple effects for while the victims walk in fear. As a mother, I was profoundly families and communities that subvert social cohesion and moved, often to tears, by the stories that mothers wrote prospects for peace. on behalf of their daughters who are missing or deceased. Their pain is palpable. Yet, more than a book of tears, or a This book also challenges generalizations and assumptions. record of brutality, these testimonies are a wake-up call and In particular, it debunks three persistent myths and a call to action. I am therefore launching this Digital Book misconceptions about conflict-related sexual violence. on the occasion of the International Day for the Elimination Firstly, the contributions debunk the widespread perception of Sexual Violence in Conflict, which is the moment the that it is inevitable and therefore unstoppable, by setting international community comes together to stand in out concrete measures that could have been put in place solidarity with the survivors and those working to support to prevent these crimes. These risk-mitigation measures them on the frontlines, often at great personal risk. This year, include: avoiding troop deployments close to civilian the focus is on building back better from the COVID-19 crisis population centres; ensuring adequate infrastructure such through an inclusive, intersectional and gender-informed as lighting in camps; safely locating waterpoints and wells; approach that leaves no one behind. To that end, I invite and distributing fuel-efficient stoves; deploying patrols of police welcome other survivors and service-providers to share and trained peacekeepers; providing information to civilians their stories in this online repository, which will remain a about risks and hotspots where armed groups operate; and “living document”. issuing command orders to prohibit sexual violence, training members of the military on their legal obligations, and As writer, activist and rape survivor Maya Angelou said: holding perpetrators accountable irrespective of their rank. “There is no greater agony than bearing an untold story Secondly, these accounts rebut the assumption that if rape inside you”. Many of the stories recorded here are being told goes unreported it is because the survivors do not wish to and brought to light for the first time. As one survivor notes: speak. Many boldly express the hope that the world will hear “In the peace negotiations no one mentioned rape. I did and heed their story so that, in the words of one contributor, not have a platform to tell my story”. I have set out here to “no other woman has to go through what I went through”. provide a platform for survivors to share their stories with the The notion that victims are voiceless, passive and silent is world, in their own words. This book will never be exhaustive, likewise debunked by this publication. Thirdly, it challenges but I do believe that it reveals many unexpected and unsung the notion that social norms, attitudes and taboos around heroes. As the COVID era is redefining heroism in terms of honour, shame and victim-blame are entrenched and those who invest in human welfare rather than warfare, our advocacy and action to amplifying their voices, breaking immutable. Many testimonies point to evolving attitudes caregivers on the frontlines have become our new “profiles the silence that shields the perpetrators, and galvanizing a of acceptance, which encourage reintegration. Validation, in courage”, and heroes have been redefined as those who concerted and comprehensive global response.
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