Oiume 22 1963
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I /: oIume 22 I 1963 EDITORIAL OFFICE St. BUSINESS OFFICE St. mE. St. 2, ...... " ........ EDITOR R. F. Smith, S.J. ASSOCIATE EDITORS Everett A. Diederich. S.l. Augustine G. Ellard, S.J. ASSISTANT EDITORS Lawrence R. Connors, S.J. Published in January, March, Emile G. McAnany, S.J. May, July, September, Novem ber on the fifteenth of the month. REVIEW FOR RELI· GIOUS is indexed in the DEPARTMENTAL CATHOLIC PERIODICAL IN. EDITORS DEX. UIU~SIIO.1IS and Answers Joseph F.Gallen. S.J. Woodstock .... UJ, ..;~;'" Woodstock. Book Reviews Earl A. Weis, S.J. West Baden .... Ul.. "'~;., West Baden Indiana THOMAS DUBAY, S. M. • Psychological Needs In the Religious Context Til<: hUlUln penon. being. m ...... "loully rnmplu COm· posite. Iou. Of we have noted.' basic requir=enu fOT ilf growth on both physical and ptycholOJical I~I, . Perhapo the IDOIt fundamen ••1 of Plychologial needs i! the mnvouion of one', penonol ..... I~ $ina: ..... need (01' thil mnvM:lion fltnU from lhe mttapl\ysial root 01 the ~ of bei",: coed mw' .....eoognu.ed Q good. And IUIII " good. We ha~ rtmarked d .." the IO<OfId poydlologial need of the hu"""," penon i! the 11«<1 10 . c h~ 1U«ftL A man ",lInOt ~g utlin a ~ of h i! individual wonh if be Itldom prOducu In,thins of worth. If by compa";· ..... with hi! fellows he fa"", b,odlr on .11 KtN'eI. he ...f· fen a ""'nl.l wound th.at d ......gts hi! pencll.llty .... caUit i. damaaeo the Itrut of hi. own voh, •. We are now p.eFed 10 invellipte tho third "",nlal· emol;onal need .0hlO"" men and "'<>nIon pouc: .. in com· mon with the rell of tile hum.n family. til<: upcrien« of delight. Need ;0. De/ieltt Cen,".ia ago St. Thomu vocalized wlllt we .ll k_ on • .........,lIt·, ufl«tion: namely. WI 0 man cann61 live wi,hout pleQllu of ......., kind. While the uillu .... • nO.ma: the ....king of _ pleuuml for their own uk... • !My by no MUIH rive up the det.iu for.U pleuuu . The • hal"," reputedly admoni", "'"' '0 deHght ill Cod; olld SL Pall] comtrtanded the Philippa'" to do the Ame: Hlle;o;« in the Lord aIWllYS: again 1 uy. u~ " (Phil 4:i ). Like tilt rut of men. ullgiou. mUI' find a delight in oomething if they.", to Iltain wholent... nd fulfi llment '1'11< " .. ]>I" of "'''' onlcl< oppd«<l .. ,b. 1<1 ......." ... INl, loJueof,........ .... R......-. , in their soul's life. 1£ fection or crown of any be in the life the virtuous man. Even '''~'~'','' that in His absolute power God could have His and His own Him to do so. It should also be with sense a needs a in order to maintain and We may not that the saints as little sense as and that with no noticeable harm to their mental librium. And remain our models in this area as well as in others. But we are that even a reli- do all sense and that is + + + T. S.M. REVIEW FOR RELIGIOUS 4 Man is social nature. He is social because he is in- tellectual and because he is Because he is L<;lLC~,<U'U, he has ideas he wishes to communicate to and he to share. His ,-uau1'>"" Because he is others to aid him in + '~'~"""'''''' and VOLUME 22, 1963 5 of whatever group it is in which he finds himself. The adolescent is not alone in his desire to be "in" among his peers, nor does he by any means shed his perhaps exces- sive preoccupation with conforming once he enters pos- tulate or seminary. All normal adults, and religious among them, seek acceptance. A just passed world war, continuing tense international situations, the upheaval of modern family life have all contributed to the ac- centuation of modern unrest and insecurity and thus to man’s yearning to fit in and belong; but nonetheless this need antedates our era. It is a human need. Every priest, brother, and sister should consider it a personal duty to give their companions in the congrega- tion the genuine impression that they are accepted, and accepted gladly. Some people feel completely at home five minutes after they cross a strange threshold. These need little help. But due to an innate timidity and]or a lack of talent and savoir-faire, others experience a long and painful sense,of outsideness even within the bosom of an ordinary religious community. These should be aided not by exaggerated demonstrations of welcome and acceptance but by a simple, kindly consideration for their individuality and worth. Bringing them into con- versations, asking their opinions, inquiring about their families, noticing and valuing their comments and views, appreciating their work--even imperfect work, these are all ways of helping companion religious to feel that they are members of a family in fact as well as in name. The Need to be Needed Closely akin to man’s yearning to belong and to his conviction of person, al worth is his desire to be necessary or at least useful to his fellows. This need reflects the sociality of his nature and the solidarity of the race. It is only the abnormal individualist who lacks a sense of responsibility toward other men..Most persons want to be useful. By being useful they satisfy not only the in- adequacies of others but the demands of their own being as well. As long as the priest, brother, and sister are young and healthy, the pressures o[ the apostolate leave them with the unmistakable impression that they are needed. With the possible exception of the student members of an in- ÷ stitute, able-bodied religious today experience little dif- ÷ ficulty in appreciating their usefulness to the Church and mankind. But our sick and aged do present a proh- lem. Even though they cannot contribute actively to the ~’. Dubay, $~/. apostolate, they still experience the psychological need to be needed. When it is not met, they sometimes fall REVIEW FOR RELIGIOUS into depression more or less painful to themselves and 6 disturbing to their companions. We can aid these people, first of all, by convincing ourselves that despite the fact of their physical incapaci- tation (and partially beck/use of it) ~h~y retain a real use- fulness to the community and the Church. Our inner attitudes have a way of seeping through an unreal ex, terior, and so our first~ dh~y~ifi*~,this regard i~"~i~’ see the situation from the supernatural vantage po!nt. Then we should try to get the message over to them that their ex, ample, their sufferings, and their prayer are of immense value to the religious and their apostolate. Pope Pius XI more than once remarked that those who lead a life of prayer, love, and suffering do more good for souls than those working actively in the vineyard. We should first be convinced ourselves and then teach our elderly and ill companions that the community needs their contribu- tion, that it is doing supernatural work, ahd that its success cannot be measured by quantitative magnitude: numbers of hours taught, sermons preached, sick visited. Unless inner grace accompanies outer works, the latter are fruitless: "Without me you can do nothing" (Jn 15:5). Hence, our incapacitated religious should join the active in realizing the immense value of their silent apostolate of suffering, prayer, love. They are needed. Absence o[ Prolonged Conflict Just as the human body needs to be free from foreign bodies that interfere with its smooth functioning, so does the human psyche need to be free from long lasting con- flicts that impede inner harmony. We cannot hope in earthly .exile to be entirely exempt from either type of conflict, but we can expect that they will be kept to a workable minimum. Like the rest of men, religious can- not function to full capacity if they are tortured by a serious and continuing disharmony in some area of their lives. If a man is wrangling with a case of scruples, he cannot grow rapidly in his spiritual life. If a sister ex- periences a serious clash between the constitutions of her community and her ideals of holiness on the one hand and actual practice in her convent on the other, the resulting inner conflict is an obstacle to her psycho- logical tranquility. Some religious can become saints de- spite their surroundings, but this is not our point. The typically earnest sister does not live in a psychologically healthy climate if in her community theory and practice ÷ are widely divergent. ÷ To assign a religious to a work for which he is notably ÷ ill-equipped is another case in point. The correction of Psychological one’s minor deficiencies in his job is a normal adjust- Needs ment common in human life, but to face a task for which one is clearly inadequate sets up a damaging conflict. VOLUME 22, 196~ So does the time pressure problem. To expect a teacher to maintain his professional competence by continuing inservice study and research and then give him so many classes and extra-curricular activities that he cannot pos- sibly improve his competence is likely to occasion inner disharmony and tension. Both superior and subject have parts to play in the resolution of conflicts that crop up in religious life: For his part the superior has an obligation to see that his community lives according to the ideals traced out in the consitutions of the institute and to arrange insofar as he. can the work load of his subjects that they can work peacefully and achieve their goals with reasonable effort.