Global Guide to Discriminatory Practices in Football
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Flag Research Quarterly, August 2016, No. 10
FLAG RESEARCH QUARTERLY REVUE TRIMESTRIELLE DE RECHERCHE EN VEXILLOLOGIE AUGUST / AOÛT 2016 No. 10 DOUBLE ISSUE / FASCICULE DOUBLE A research publication of the North American Vexillological Association / Une publication de recherche de THE FLAGS AND l’Association nord-américaine de vexillologie SEALS OF TEXAS A S I LV E R A NN I V E R S A R Y R E V I S I O N Charles A. Spain I. Introduction “The flag is the embodiment, not of sentiment, but of history. It represents the experiences made by men and women, the experiences of those who do and live under that flag.” Woodrow Wilson1 “FLAG, n. A colored rag borne above troops and hoisted on forts and ships. It appears to serve the same purpose as certain signs that one sees on vacant lots in London—‘Rubbish may be shot here.’” Ambrose Bierce2 The power of the flag as a national symbol was all too evident in the 1990s: the constitutional debate over flag burning in the United States; the violent removal of the communist seal from the Romanian flag; and the adoption of the former czarist flag by the Russian Federation. In the United States, Texas alone possesses a flag and seal directly descended from revolution and nationhood. The distinctive feature of INSIDE / SOMMAIRE Page both the state flag and seal, the Lone Star, is famous worldwide because of the brief Editor’s Note / Note de la rédaction 2 existence of the Republic of Texas (March 2, 1836, to December 29, 1845).3 For all Solid Vexillology 2 the Lone Star’s fame, however, there is much misinformation about it. -
Revisiting Zero Hour 1945
REVISITING ZERO-HOUR 1945 THE EMERGENCE OF POSTWAR GERMAN CULTURE edited by STEPHEN BROCKMANN FRANK TROMMLER VOLUME 1 American Institute for Contemporary German Studies The Johns Hopkins University REVISITING ZERO-HOUR 1945 THE EMERGENCE OF POSTWAR GERMAN CULTURE edited by STEPHEN BROCKMANN FRANK TROMMLER HUMANITIES PROGRAM REPORT VOLUME 1 The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) alone. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the American Institute for Contemporary German Studies. ©1996 by the American Institute for Contemporary German Studies ISBN 0-941441-15-1 This Humanities Program Volume is made possible by the Harry & Helen Gray Humanities Program. Additional copies are available for $5.00 to cover postage and handling from the American Institute for Contemporary German Studies, Suite 420, 1400 16th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036-2217. Telephone 202/332-9312, Fax 202/265- 9531, E-mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.aicgs.org ii F O R E W O R D Since its inception, AICGS has incorporated the study of German literature and culture as a part of its mandate to help provide a comprehensive understanding of contemporary Germany. The nature of Germany’s past and present requires nothing less than an interdisciplinary approach to the analysis of German society and culture. Within its research and public affairs programs, the analysis of Germany’s intellectual and cultural traditions and debates has always been central to the Institute’s work. At the time the Berlin Wall was about to fall, the Institute was awarded a major grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to help create an endowment for its humanities programs. -
STELLAR FLAGS by Scott Mainwaring Stellar Flags 1 Tion of That Word
Portland Flag Association Publication 1 Portland Flag Association ―Free, and Worth Every Penny!‖ Issue 11 October 2006 INSIDE THIS ISSUE: STELLAR FLAGS By Scott Mainwaring Stellar Flags 1 tion of that word. Never mind that real stars are twinkling point sources Pirate Flags 2 Flag design has long looked to the natural world and its phenomena as a of light (except for certain stars ob- Some Flag Related Websites 3 source of inspiration and symbolism. served through powerful telescopes October 2006 Flutterings 3 Much of this vocabulary is earth- which can resolve an actual disc of Next Meeting Announcement 4 bound, making use of plants, ani- light) that bear, at most, a very rough Flags in the News 4 mals, and landscape features. But resemblance to the decagonal shapes Correction 4 perhaps as much of it is celestial, one learns to draw as a child. Just The Flag Quiz 7 making use of astronomical objects say that it‘s our cultural convention to depict stars in this way, and that like the Sun, the Moon, and the stars – this last being the focus of this arti- depiction of a natural object is what cle. Let's call a flag with such a rela- indeed is going on in almost all cases. tionship a stellar flag. At first glance, This may be the case, but if so, this is ―stellar flag‖ is a huge category – a very weak sense of ―stellar.‖ It stars on flags are in no short supply. seems more apt to say that, even if As a rough (under-) estimate, originally inspired by the natural as- Wikipedia (as of 10/4/06) lists 403 tronomical object, most stars on current and historical flags with one most flags (like most stars in most or more stars. -
Aryan Nations/Church of Jesus Christ Christian
Aryan Nations/Church of Jesus Christ Christian This document is an archived copy of an older ADL report and may not reflect the most current facts or developments related to its subject matter. INTRODUCTION Recent years have not been kind to Aryan Nations, once the country's most well-known neo-Nazi outpost. Bankrupted by a lawsuit from a mother and son who were assaulted by Aryan Nations guards, the group lost its Idaho compound in 2001. Though he continued to serve as Aryan Nations’ leader, Richard Butler suffered the effects of age and ill health, and the group splintered into factions in 2002. Butler claimed to be reorganizing Aryan Nations but died in September 2004, leaving the group’s future as uncertain as ever. Founder and Leader: Richard Butler (1918-2004) Splinter groups (and leaders): Tabernacle of Phineas Priesthood ( Charles Juba, based in Pennsylvania); Church of the Sons of Yahweh (Morris Gullett, based in Louisiana) Founded: Mid-1970s Headquarters : Hayden, Idaho Background: Butler first became involved with the Christian Identity movement after serving in the U.S. Air Force during World War II. He studied under Wesley Swift, founder of the Church of Jesus Christ Christian, until Swift died. Butler then formed Aryan Nations. Media: Internet, videos, posters, e-mail, chat rooms, online bulletin boards, conferences. Ideology: Christian Identity, white supremacy, neo-Nazi, paramilitary Connections: Aryan Nations has had members in common with several other white supremacist and neo-Nazi groups, including National Alliance, the Ku Klux Klan and The Silent Brotherhood/The Order Recent Developments: Once the most well-known neo-Nazi group in the United States, Aryan Nations has suffered substantially in recent years due to Butler’s ill health, and a lawsuit that cost the group its Northern Idaho compound in 2001. -
Pdf Anti-Defamation League
ghs15-1_cv_ghs15-1_cv 8/7/2019 2:35 PM Page 2 COLOR IS FOR APPROXIMATION ONLY – DO NOT USE FOR COLOR APPROVAL JOURNAL OF HATE STUDIES JOURNAL OF HATE J OURNAL OF H ATE S TUDIES Volume 15, No. 1 15, No. Volume 1 - 278 Pages 2019 Gonzaga University I NSTITUTE FOR H ATE S TUDIES E NGAGING WITH C OMMUNITIES FOR J USTICE Gonzaga Institute for Hate Studies | Spokane, WA 99258-0043 | 509.313.3665 www.gonzaga.edu/hatestudies Volume 15 2019 Number 1 Journal of Hate Studies Gonzaga University Institute for Hate Studies Copyright © 2019 By Gonzaga University Institute for Hate Studies The Journal of Hate Studies is published by the Gonzaga University Institute for Hate Studies. The purpose of the Journal is to promote the sharing of interdisciplinary ideas and research relating to the study of what hate is, where it comes from, and how to combat it. The Institute for Hate Studies operates under the auspices of Gonzaga University in Spokane, Washington. The views expressed in the Journal are those of the authors and should not be attributed to the Institute for Hate Studies, Gonzaga University, the institutions with which the authors are affiliated, or the editors. The Journal welcomes unsolicited manuscripts (including essays and shorter pieces) and suggestions for improving the Journal. Manuscripts and other communications should be sent to Director, Gonzaga University Institute for Hate Studies, Gonzaga University, Spokane, WA USA 992580099. For more information about the Gonzaga University Institute for Hate Studies and the Journal of Hate Studies, please visit www.gonzaga.edu/ hatestudies. -
Scanned Using Book Scancenter 5131
22. International Congress of Vexillology FlagBerlin2007 Page 637 Dong Lin: Twenty Principles for the National Flag Design Abstract: The function and property of flag indicate the reasons for deciding the principles of the national flag design. The main functions of flag are ID, signal, symbolic and psychological functions. They require that flag is douce, proportionate, simple and unique: easy to see from a distance and remembered easily. The national flag is a tool for displaying a national logo. The property of tool requires that flag is drawn and used as easily as possible. The national flag also is a national garment The property of garment requires that not only flag indicate a national status, but also enhance the value of appearance, namely the sense of beauty and the sense of art. When the silk flag was invented, it has completed the transformation from a material object to an abstract (symbolizing) object; from a complex object to a simple object. Based on the above analysis, we sum up these twenty principles: 1. Douce; 2. Proportional: 3. Unique; 4. Sample: 5. Clear; 6. Abstract: 7. Symbolic: 8. Subjective: 9. Central: 10. Symmetrical: 11. Balanced: 12. Harmonious: 13. Integrated: 14. Contrasting: 15. Cantabile: 16. Handsome: 17. Smooth; 18. Relaxing: 19. Pleasing: 20. Light. Introduction 1 put forward 35 principles for good flag design in 2006 in my book “How the Design of the National Flag Affects a National Destiny”, which expanded from the national flag section of “Powers’ Constellation” l^l. NAVA defines five principles for designing a good flag: (1) Keep it simple; (2) Use meaningful symbolism; (3) Use 2 — 3 basic colours; (4) No lettering or seals; (5) Be distinctive or be relative. -
Flags and Banners
Flags and Banners A Wikipedia Compilation by Michael A. Linton Contents 1 Flag 1 1.1 History ................................................. 2 1.2 National flags ............................................. 4 1.2.1 Civil flags ........................................... 8 1.2.2 War flags ........................................... 8 1.2.3 International flags ....................................... 8 1.3 At sea ................................................. 8 1.4 Shapes and designs .......................................... 9 1.4.1 Vertical flags ......................................... 12 1.5 Religious flags ............................................. 13 1.6 Linguistic flags ............................................. 13 1.7 In sports ................................................ 16 1.8 Diplomatic flags ............................................ 18 1.9 In politics ............................................... 18 1.10 Vehicle flags .............................................. 18 1.11 Swimming flags ............................................ 19 1.12 Railway flags .............................................. 20 1.13 Flagpoles ............................................... 21 1.13.1 Record heights ........................................ 21 1.13.2 Design ............................................. 21 1.14 Hoisting the flag ............................................ 21 1.15 Flags and communication ....................................... 21 1.16 Flapping ................................................ 23 1.17 See also ............................................... -
Militarism As a Theme in Nazi Education and Youth Organizations Matthew .J Smith Elizabethtown College, [email protected]
Elizabethtown College JayScholar History: Student Scholarship & Creative Work History Spring 2018 Militarism as a Theme in Nazi Education and Youth Organizations Matthew .J Smith Elizabethtown College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://jayscholar.etown.edu/hisstu Part of the European History Commons Recommended Citation Smith, Matthew J., "Militarism as a Theme in Nazi Education and Youth Organizations" (2018). History: Student Scholarship & Creative Work. 2. https://jayscholar.etown.edu/hisstu/2 This Student Research Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the History at JayScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in History: Student Scholarship & Creative Work by an authorized administrator of JayScholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Smith 1 Matthew J. Smith Militarism as a Theme in Nazi Education and Youth Organizations Italian fascist Achille Starace stated, “Fascist education must be an education for battle.”1 This idea of militarism as a core concept of education was integral not only to Fascism in Italy, but also to Europe’s other rising fascist movement, Nazism. The Nazis reinforced their militaristic education by creating mandatory youth organizations that promoted militarism to young German boys and girls. The twin pillars of a militaristic education system and para- military youth organizations helped Nazi officials achieve their goals by creating a generation of ready servants of the state. Many scholars have researched the militarism that was infused into the German state education system. Lisa Pine, a scholar at London South Bank University, examined the educational system and youth groups that socialized German children with Nazi ideology and militaristic practices. -
German’ Communities from Eastern Europe at the End of the Second World War
EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE, FLORENCE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AND CIVILIZATION EUI Working Paper HEC No. 2004/1 The Expulsion of the ‘German’ Communities from Eastern Europe at the End of the Second World War Edited by STEFFEN PRAUSER and ARFON REES BADIA FIESOLANA, SAN DOMENICO (FI) All rights reserved. No part of this paper may be reproduced in any form without permission of the author(s). © 2004 Steffen Prauser and Arfon Rees and individual authors Published in Italy December 2004 European University Institute Badia Fiesolana I – 50016 San Domenico (FI) Italy www.iue.it Contents Introduction: Steffen Prauser and Arfon Rees 1 Chapter 1: Piotr Pykel: The Expulsion of the Germans from Czechoslovakia 11 Chapter 2: Tomasz Kamusella: The Expulsion of the Population Categorized as ‘Germans' from the Post-1945 Poland 21 Chapter 3: Balázs Apor: The Expulsion of the German Speaking Population from Hungary 33 Chapter 4: Stanislav Sretenovic and Steffen Prauser: The “Expulsion” of the German Speaking Minority from Yugoslavia 47 Chapter 5: Markus Wien: The Germans in Romania – the Ambiguous Fate of a Minority 59 Chapter 6: Tillmann Tegeler: The Expulsion of the German Speakers from the Baltic Countries 71 Chapter 7: Luigi Cajani: School History Textbooks and Forced Population Displacements in Europe after the Second World War 81 Bibliography 91 EUI WP HEC 2004/1 Notes on the Contributors BALÁZS APOR, STEFFEN PRAUSER, PIOTR PYKEL, STANISLAV SRETENOVIC and MARKUS WIEN are researchers in the Department of History and Civilization, European University Institute, Florence. TILLMANN TEGELER is a postgraduate at Osteuropa-Institut Munich, Germany. Dr TOMASZ KAMUSELLA, is a lecturer in modern European history at Opole University, Opole, Poland. -
Buddhism from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia Jump To: Navigation, Search
Buddhism From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search A statue of Gautama Buddha in Bodhgaya, India. Bodhgaya is traditionally considered the place of his awakening[1] Part of a series on Buddhism Outline · Portal History Timeline · Councils Gautama Buddha Disciples Later Buddhists Dharma or Concepts Four Noble Truths Dependent Origination Impermanence Suffering · Middle Way Non-self · Emptiness Five Aggregates Karma · Rebirth Samsara · Cosmology Practices Three Jewels Precepts · Perfections Meditation · Wisdom Noble Eightfold Path Wings to Awakening Monasticism · Laity Nirvāṇa Four Stages · Arhat Buddha · Bodhisattva Schools · Canons Theravāda · Pali Mahāyāna · Chinese Vajrayāna · Tibetan Countries and Regions Related topics Comparative studies Cultural elements Criticism v • d • e Buddhism (Pali/Sanskrit: बौद धमर Buddh Dharma) is a religion and philosophy encompassing a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices, largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as the Buddha (Pāli/Sanskrit "the awakened one"). The Buddha lived and taught in the northeastern Indian subcontinent some time between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE.[2] He is recognized by adherents as an awakened teacher who shared his insights to help sentient beings end suffering (or dukkha), achieve nirvana, and escape what is seen as a cycle of suffering and rebirth. Two major branches of Buddhism are recognized: Theravada ("The School of the Elders") and Mahayana ("The Great Vehicle"). Theravada—the oldest surviving branch—has a widespread following in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia, and Mahayana is found throughout East Asia and includes the traditions of Pure Land, Zen, Nichiren Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhism, Shingon, Tendai and Shinnyo-en. In some classifications Vajrayana, a subcategory of Mahayana, is recognized as a third branch. -
NUREMBERG) Judgment of 1 October 1946
INTERNATIONAL MILITARY TRIBUNAL (NUREMBERG) Judgment of 1 October 1946 Page numbers in braces refer to IMT, judgment of 1 October 1946, in The Trial of German Major War Criminals. Proceedings of the International Military Tribunal sitting at Nuremberg, Germany , Part 22 (22nd August ,1946 to 1st October, 1946) 1 {iii} THE INTERNATIONAL MILITARY TRIBUNAL IN SESSOIN AT NUREMBERG, GERMANY Before: THE RT. HON. SIR GEOFFREY LAWRENCE (member for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) President THE HON. SIR WILLIAM NORMAN BIRKETT (alternate member for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) MR. FRANCIS BIDDLE (member for the United States of America) JUDGE JOHN J. PARKER (alternate member for the United States of America) M. LE PROFESSEUR DONNEDIEU DE VABRES (member for the French Republic) M. LE CONSEILER FLACO (alternate member for the French Republic) MAJOR-GENERAL I. T. NIKITCHENKO (member for the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) LT.-COLONEL A. F. VOLCHKOV (alternate member for the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) {iv} THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, THE FRENCH REPUBLIC, THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND, AND THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS Against: Hermann Wilhelm Göring, Rudolf Hess, Joachim von Ribbentrop, Robert Ley, Wilhelm Keitel, Ernst Kaltenbrunner, Alfred Rosenberg, Hans Frank, Wilhelm Frick, Julius Streicher, Walter Funk, Hjalmar Schacht, Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach, Karl Dönitz, Erich Raeder, Baldur von Schirach, Fritz Sauckel, Alfred Jodl, Martin -
Rechtsextremismus Und Antifaschismus Herausgegeben Von Klaus Kinner Und Rolf Richter
Rechtsextremismus und Antifaschismus herausgegeben von Klaus Kinner und Rolf Richter 1 Schriften 5 herausgegeben von der Rosa-Luxemburg-Stiftung Sachsen e. V. und der Rosa-Luxemburg-Stiftung, Gesellschaftsanalyse und Politische Bildung e. V. 2 Rechtsextremismus und Antifaschismus Historische und aktuelle Dimensionen herausgegeben von Klaus Kinner und Rolf Richter Karl Dietz Verlag Berlin 3 Die Deutsche Bibliothek – CIP-Einheitsaufnahme Rechtsextremismus und Antifaschismus : historische und aktuelle Dimensionen / hrsg. von Klaus Kinner und Rolf Richter. – Berlin : Dietz, 2000 (Schriften / Rosa-Luxemburg-Stiftung ; Bd. 5) ISBN 3-320-02015-3 © Karl Dietz Verlag Berlin GmbH 2000 Umschlag: Egbert Neubauer, MediaService Fotos: Gabriele Senft, Berlin Typografie: Brigitte Bachmann Satz: MediaService, Berlin Druck und Bindearbeit: BärenDruck, Berlin Printed in Germany 4 INHALT Editorial 7 WERNER BRAMKE Antifaschistische Tradition und aktueller Antifaschismus 8 ROLF RICHTER Über Theoretisches und Praktisches im heutigen Antifaschismus 14 KLAUS KINNER Kommunistischer Antifaschismus – ein schwieriges Erbe 45 ANDRÉ HAHN Zum Umgang mit Rechtsextremen in den Parlamenten 52 NORBERT MADLOCH Rechtsextremismus in Deutschland nach dem Ende des Hitlerfaschismus 57 Vorbemerkung 58 Rechtsextremistische Tendenzen und Entwicklungen in der DDR, speziell in Sachsen, bis Oktober 1990 63 Hauptetappen der Entwicklung des Rechtsextremismus in den alten Bundesländern bis zur deutschen Vereinigung 1990 106 Zur Entwicklung des Rechtsextremismus im geeinten Deutschland 1990 bis 1990 – besonders in den neuen Bundesländern 146 Ursachen und Perspektiven des Rechtsextremismus in der Bundesrepublik 206 ROLAND BACH Zur nationalen und sozialen Demagogie der extremen Rechten 215 5 Anhang 251 NORBERT MADLOCH Lexikalische Erläuterungen zu den im Rechtsextremismus-Teil verwandten Hauptbegriffen 252 Rechtsextremismus 253 Rechtsradikalismus = Grauzone 255 Rechtspopulismus 256 Faschismus/Nazismus – Neofaschismus/Neonazismus 257 Neue Rechte 261 Rassismus 264 Ausländer- bzw.