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THE CHARADRIIFORMES

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THE CHARADRIIFORMES /

FROM 1894-1924

WITH A CLASSIFICATION OF THE ORDER, AND LISTS OF THE GENERA, SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES

BY

GEORGE C. LOW, M.A., M.D., M.R.C.P., F.Z.S., M.B.O.U

H. F. cSf G. WITHERBY

326 HIGH HOLBORN, W.C. 1 1924

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Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries PREFACE

Some explanation is necessary for the production of a work such as this. Always interested in the old group of the Limicolse, the author, three years ago, acting on the advice of Dr. Percy R. Lowe, began a detailed study of the order Charadriiformes. Up to 1896 the literature of the subject had been fully dealt with by R. Bowdler Sharpe in his catalogue of the Limicolse in the collection of the British Museum (Vol. XXIY, 1896), but after that date, apart from the Zoological Records, no one had dealt with it in detail. It was felt then that it would be a good plan to bring the literature of the group (excluding oology) up to date, and so this work originated. In order to make the records as complete as possible an overlap of two years was allowed. With the completion of 1923 a period of thirty years has been covered. It soon became evident that such a study involved one in many other side issues, the chief of these being the question of classification and nomenclature—subjects upon which no two authorities agree and upon which controversy rages continuously. Some system of classification had to be adopted in order to place the references correctly, and the catalogue of the Limicolse in the British Museum (Vol. XXIV) was taken as the standard. These notes may be looked upon, then, as a continuation of the literature found there, and in addition the bringing of the genera'and species up to date. As regards classification there are two schools or extremes, namely, those who unite many genera into one, the so-called " lumpers," while others practically make all species genera, the so-called " splitters." There is little or no likelihood of

^ y

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vi PREFACE

ever harmonizing these two extremes, and the safest line to follow is the middle one—a happy mean between the two. More advantage perhaps might have been taken of the creation of subgenera in trying to solve some of the many difficulties of this nomenclatural maze. Then again, the day of the subspecies with trinomial nomenclature has appeared and this still further complicates the situation, as a lumper of genera may be a splitter of species and all sorts of combinations become possible. As regards the second heading, nomenclature, the strict application of the Rules of Zoological Nomenclature is helping to unravel and simplify things very much, and the various Committees of the British Ornithologists' Union have rendered yeoman service in trying to harmonize names and make order out of chaos. Still, even to-day, one is constantly seeing both generic and specific names wrongly used and spelt, in fact in every journal one picks up. The question of classification is dealt with in Chapter I and need not hinder us longer here. As regards the use of names the strict application of the Rules of Zoological Nomenclature has been adhered to, and it is hoped that most—if not all—of those used are now correct. The names of the founders of the different genera have not been given as these can be got in Gray's Hand List of the Genera of Birds, or in any of the standard works which deal with this subject. The names of the creators of the subspecies are also not given, but as trinomial nomenclature is quite a recent innovation, these names occur, of course, throughout the literature dealt with. Under the heading of each genus a list of the species and subspecies, as far as at present known, is given ; where no subspecies have been described the species alone standing. Where a well-known generic name has recently been changed, the name used under the old nomenclature is also given for comparison, for example—Genus Tringa=Totanus, old nomen¬ clature. Chapter II deals with general references, with papers of a

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries PREFACE vii general nature in which some reference to the Charadriiformes is made. Here, of course, as equally in the following chapters, a difficulty crops up at once—what references should one select and what should one leave out 1 Again a middle course has been steered. It would be absolutely impossible to record every reference in which the name of any species of the Chara¬ driiformes had appeared, and in fact it is quite unnecessary. Still, especially as regards British records, this has been made as full as possible, ordinary county records of comparatively common species often being given. Rare occurrences have been specially noted of course. It must be thoroughly under¬ stood, then, that the records given do not pretend to be com¬ plete in any way, but only to be used as a help to anyone studying this special branch. One could not, of course, have accomplished so much with¬ out the assistance of the Zoological Records, and the indebted¬ ness to that periodical cannot be overestimated. Mistakes and omissions have been found there, as they are sure to be in the following pages. As regards the later years, many more references will be found here than there, and from time to time special notes have been incorporated—these will be found enclosed in square brackets. One thing is very notice¬ able in recent years, namely, the total disappearance of Russian papers since the war. As far as possible the original papers have been consulted— practically all of them for the last decade, and this has in¬ volved much labour and time. If, however, these pages benefit others and save them the hard work that has fallen to the lot of the author, then that labour and time will not have been wasted, and will not have been in vain. In addition to the compilation of the literature, a special study has been made of all the skins in the British Museum. My best thanks are due to Dr. Percy R. Lowe for his advice and general kindness in allowing me to study the skins in the Museum ; to Mr. D. A. Bannerman, Mr, Kinnear and Mr.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries viii PREFACE

Wells—also of the Museum. To Mr. W. L. Sclater and to

Mr. Iredale—to the latter especially for his discussions on classification, and help in nomenclatural puzzles. These discussions proved most stimulating and instructive. Finally, I must thank Mr. H. F. Witherby and his firm— my publishers—for their courtesy and help in arranging the material which will be found in the following pages. GEORGE C. LOW. January 15th, 1924.

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The references start at the beginning of 1894 and have been carried up to the end of December, 1923, making thirty years exactly. No 1924 references are included. Should any of my readers detect any errors or omissions I should be very grateful if they would inform me of such, as it is my intention, if the present book is found to be of use, to publish an appendix, bringing the original work up to date at the end of the next five or ten years. G. C. L.

IX

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7 CONTENTS

CHAPTER I PAGE Classification of the Charadriiformes 1

CHAPTER II

General Literature of the Charadriiformes, from 1894- 1924 13

SPECIAL LITERATURE, 1894-1924

CHAPTER III

Family Otididh3 ...... 27

CHAPTER IV

Family Burhinidje ...... 39

CHAPTER V

Family Scolopacidje ...... 46

CHAPTER VI

Family Charadriid^: ...... 132

CHAPTER VII

Family Parridje ...... 186

CHAPTER VIII

Families Chionidid^?, Dromadidhs and Glareolidje .. 191

CHAPTER IX

Family Cursoriid^e ...... 198

CHAPTER X Family Attagidas 204

Index 207

xi

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CHAPTER I

CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHARADRIIFORMES

Furbringer first used the name Charadriiformes, including in it the family Otididse or Bustards. Since that time many classifica¬ tions of the order have appeared. Of the more modern ones mention may be made of Sharpe's (Catalogue of the Limicolse in the Collection of the British Museum, Vol. XXIV, 1896). Here the order is termed Limicolse, and the family Otididse is not included in it. In 1903 Shufeldt produced a new classification as follows :—

TABLE I

Shtjeeldt's Classification *

Supersuborder. Siiborder. Superfcvmily. Family. charadriidie. Arenariid^®. co hasmatopodida3. IS! LIMICOLA3. Aphrizidas. a scolopacidas. o Phalaropodidax B Rectjrvirostbidje. « Jacanoidea. Jacanidas, a < Thinocoridas. Dromadidas. Glareolidas. CURSORS, cursoriida5. X! f GSdicnemidas. Otidoidea. \ Opidas. The bustards, it will be noted, are included.

Finally, in 1922, Dr. Percy R. Lowe, after an exhaustive study of the osteology of the skull in many of the forms, evolved a new classification fuller and more in advance than Shufeldt's.

* Ann. Carnegie Mus., ii, 1903, p. 70.

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TABLE II

Dr. P. R. Lowe's Classification

(1) The Limicolae = Charadriiformes in which the basipterygoid pro¬ cesses persist in the adult. (2) The Lari-Limicolffl = Charadriiformes in which the basipterygoid processes are lost in the adult. (3) The Oti-Limicolse (CEdicnemidse). Basipterygoid processes absent.

otididae. 0TI-LIMIC0LA3. (Edicnemidae.

' Alcidae. rhyncopidae. Sternidae. Laridae.

CO LARI-LIMICOLdH. Stercorariidae. 13 Chionididae. £ Dromadidae. Glareolidae. o

Attagi?norphcB.

r Pre-Charadriinag. Charadriinae. Vanellinae. ChARADRIIDAE. Lobivanellinae. Jacaninae. LIMICGLaE. I Rhynchaeinae.

Phalaropinae. Tringinae. scolopacidae. Eroliinae. Scolopacinae.

Ibis, 1922, pp. 475-495.

More osteological work, taken in conjunction with other anatomi¬ cal features, is still required, however, before any classification can be accepted as in any way final. For my own purposes, I have devised a classification of my own which I think is simpler in some ways than Dr. Lowe's and which is necessary for the proper arrangement of all the literature collected up to date. Here again this is tentative only, and will have to be changed as further advances take place in the subject. I shall follow it in detail, however, in the subsequent pages.

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TABLE III

Dr. G. C. Low's Classification

Order. Suborder. Families. Subfamilies. ( OlTDTDlE. oti-limicola3,■ { bubhinidas.

I Phalabopodinje. Tbingina:. scolopacida3. calidritinie. scolopacinas. Rhynchaeinas.

Charadbiinas. Vanellinas. limicola;. Lobibyxinad. hjemaiorowna. chaeadbiida3. Himantopodinas Peltohyatinas. Ibidobhynchinas. Abenariinas.

\Pabbida5.

C'hionididas. Dbomadidas. LARI-LIMICOLiE. Glabeolidas. cursobiidas. Attagidas.

Ten families, then, with thirteen subfamilies are included under the order Charadriiform.es, the following table giving the systematic position of the families with their common names.

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TABLE IV

AVES

NEORNITHES

Section B. CARINATA3

Order CHARADRIIFORMES

Families. I. OTIDIDA3. Bustards. II. BUHHINID.il. Stone-plovers. III. SCOLOPACIDJE. Snipe and Sandpipers. IV. CHARADRIIDAS. Plovers.

V. PaRRIDAS. Jacanas.

VI. Chionididae. Sheathbills. VII. Dromadidas. Crab-plovers.

VIII. Glareolidad. Pratincoles.

IX. CORSORXIDiE. Coursers. X. Attagidad. Seed snipe.

The subsequent tables give the genera with the divisions of the subfamilies in detail. The species and subspecies are given after the genera in the diSerent chapters dealing with the literature.

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TABLE V

List of the Genera oe the Charadriiformes Arranged Systematically

Family I. OTIDIDJS. Chlamydotis. Ltssotis. Eepodotis. Afrotis. Lophotis. Otis. Choriotis. Neotis. Syphbotis. Heterotetrax. Family II. BURHINID^E.

Berhines. Esaces. Orthorhamphes .

Family III. SCOLOPACIDJS. Phalaropes. Calidris. aEchmobhynohus. Trixga. Philomachus. Prosobonia. Bartramia. Kreenetes. soolopax. Limnodromes. Limioola. Neosoolopax. Limosa. Eeryxorhynches. Philomela. Terekia. Tryngites. Capella. Numexies. Crocetiiia. Ccenocorypha. Mesoscolopax. Micropalama. Lymnocryptes. Catoptrophores. Phegornis. Ehynch.ea.

Family iv. CHARADRIIDAS. Sqeatarola. Ptiloscelys. Afribyx.

Plevialis. Hoploxypteres . zonifer. Charadries. Belonopteres. hoploi'teres. clrrepidesmes. Hemiparra. Sarciophores. zoxibyx. xlphidiopteres Erythrogoxys.

ArHRIZA. Rogibyx. Axomalophrys .

Axaehmchds . Tylibyx. HgSMATOPES. plevianelles. Microsarcops. Himantopes.

Thixornis. Lobivaxelles. Cladorhynchus . Vanelles. Lobiplevia. Recervirostra. Chettusia. OREOrHOLES. Peltohyas.

Vanellochettesia . podasocys. Ibidorhyncha. Eudromias. Lobibyx. Arenaria. Stephanibyx. Family V. PARRID2E. Actophiles. Jaoaxa. Metopidies. Iredipaera hyDROFHASIAXES. Microparra.

Family VI. CHIONIDIDZE. Chionarches. Chionis.

Family VII. DROMADIDiE.

Dromas .

Family VIII. GLAREOLLILE. Galachrysia. Glareola. Stiltia.

Family IX. CURSORIIDZE. Cersories Plevianes. Rhixoptiles.

Family X. ATTAGIDZE. Attagis. Thixooores.

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TABLE VI

Classification of the Charadriidie and Scolopacidhi

Family. Subfamily. Genus. / pbtalaropodinie. Phalaropus. Trinoa. Terekia. Bartramia. Numenius. Tringina:. Limnodromds . Mesoscolopax. Limosa. Catoptrophorus. a Calidris. Eurynorhynchus. o Philomachus. Tryngites. Ereunetes. Crocethia. S3 Calidritinyg. o Limicola. Piiegornis. o ZEchmorhynchus. \ ? o Prosobonia. ) CO Scolopax. Neoscolopax. Philohela. scolopacinye. Capella. Cosnocorypha. Lymnocryptes. RHYNCHiEINiE. Rhynchyea.

Squatarola. Zonibyx. Pluvialis. Aphriza. Charadriinye. Charadrius. Anashynchus. Cirrepidesmus. Pluvianellus. Thinornis. /Vanellus. Hemiparra. Podasocys. Chettusia. Xiphidiopterus.

Vanelloohettusia . Rogibyx.

, Eudromias. Tylibyx. Vanellinje. % Stephanibyx. Microsarcops. Ptilosoelys. Lobivanellus. g Hoploxypterus. Lobipluvia. p5 / \ Belonopterus. Oreopholus. Lobibyx. Hoplopterus. ps Afribyx. Sarciophorus. Lobibyxinye.* s Zonifer. Erythrogonys. o AnOMALOPHRYS. haSMATOPODIN.55. Hyematopus. Himantopus. Himantopodinae. Cladorhynchus.

Recurvirostra . Peltohyatinae. Peltohyas.

Ibidorhynchin^®. Ibidorhytstcha. \ Arenariinag. Arenaria.

* Iredale (personal interview) believes that there is no real distinction between the Lobibyxince and the Vanellince. If this is finally decided, then the name Lobibyxince will merge into that of Vanellince.

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TABLE VII

List op the Subfamilies and Genera of the Scolopacid.® Arranged Systematically

Subfamily. 1. PHALAROPODINAE.

Genus. Phalarofus.

Subfamily. 2. TRINGINA3. Genera. Tringa. Genera, Terekja. Bartramia. Numenius. Limnodromus. Mesoscolopax. Limosa. Catoptrophortjs.

Subfamily. 3. CALIDRITINA5, Genera. Calidris. Genera. Crocethia. Philomachtjs. Micropalama. Breunetes. Phegornis. Limicola. ASchmorhynchus. Etjrynorhynchus, Prosobonia. Tryngites.

Subfamily. 4. SCOLOPACIN-®, Genera. Scolopax. Genera. Capella. Neoscolopax. CcENOCORYPHA. Philohela. Lymnooryptes,

Subfamily. 5. RHYNCELEESL®. Genus. Rhynch^ea.

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TABLE VIII

List of the Subfamilies and Genera of the Charadriid.e Arranged Systematically

Subfamily. 1. CHARADRIINZE. Genera. Squatarola. Genera. Zonibyx. Pltjvialis. Aphkiza.

Charadrius. Anari-iynchus . clrrepidesmus. pluvianellus. Thinornis.

Subfamily. 2. VANELLINiE. Genera. Vanellus. Genera. Xiphidiopterus. Chettusia. Rogibyx. Vanellochettusia. Tylibyx. Eudromias. Microsarcops. Stephanibyx. Lobivanellus. Ptiloscelys. Lobipluvia. Hoploxypterus. Oreopholtts. Belonopterus. Podasocys. Hemiparra.

Subfamily. 3. LOBIBYXINZE. Genera. Lobibyx. Genera. Sarcxophorus. Apribyx. Erythrogonys. zonifer. AnOMALOPHRYS. Hoplopterus.

Subfamily. 4. HiEMATOPODINZE. Genus. Haematoptis.

Subfamily. 5. HIMANTOPODINZE.

Genera. Himantopus. Genera. Recuryirostba .

Cladorhyncbxts .

Subfamily. C. PELTOHYATINZE. Genus. Pbltohyas.

Subfamily. 7. IBIDORHYNCHINiE. Genus. Ibidorhyncha.

Subfamily. 8. ARENARIIN/E Genus, Arenaria,

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TABLE IX

List of the Genera of the Charadriiformes Arranged Alphabetically

A H p Actophilits. hiematopus. Peltoiiyas. JEchmobhynchtts. Hemiparra. Phalaroptjs. Afribyx. Heterotetrax. Phegornis. Afrotis. Himantoptts. Philohela. Anarhynchus. Hoploptertjs. Philomachus. AnOMALOPHRY'S. HoPLOXypterus. Pltjvialis.

Aphriza. Hydrophasianus . Pltjvianellus. Arenaria. Pltjvianits. Attagis. podasocys. I Prosobonia. B Ibidorhyncha. Ptiloscelys. Irediparra. Bartramia. Belonopterus. r Burhinus. J Recurvirostra. Jacana. Rhinoptiltjs. c Rhynchasa. Calidris. L Rogibyx. Capella. Limicola. Catoptrophorus. Limnodromits. s Charadrius. Limosa. Sarciophorus. Chettusia. Lissotis. scolopax. Chionarchus. Lobibyx. Chionis. squatarola. Lobiplttvia. Stephanibyx. Chlamydotis. Lobivanellus. Stiltia. Choriotis. Lophotis. Sypheotis. Cirrepidesmus . Lymnocryptes.

Cladoehynohus . ccenocorypha. T Croobthia. M Terekia. cursorius. Mesoscolopax. Thinocorus. Metopidius. Thinornis. d Micropalama. Tringa. Dromas. Microparra. Tryngites. Microsarcops. Tylibyx. E V Ereunetes. N Erythrogonys. Vanellochettusia. Neoscolopax. Esacus. Vanellus. Neotis. Eudromias. Numenius. Eupodotis. X Eurynorhynchus. xlphidiopterus. o G Oreopi-iolxts. z Galachrysia. Orthorhamphtts. zonibyx. Glareola. Otis. zoniper.

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In the above classification and lists it will be noted that the name Burhinus has been substituted for that of (Edicnemus. Personally I am by no means certain that this is correct, but, as so many now use the new name I have thought it better to adopt it. In the special literature dealing with this genus I have given that of Burhinus magnirostris alone, following it by the literature of (Edicnemus. If the name has to be changed again, then it will be easy to substitute the latter. Similarly with Calidris, Hartert now suggests that Calidris canutus is generically the same as the other members of the old genus Tringa, now called Erolia. If this stands, then, the name Calidris will supersede Erolia. I have done the same as with Burhinus in dealing with this difficulty, placing all the species under the generic term Calidris, but describing C. canutus and tenuirostris first separately. Species other than those then follow, and if eventually Calidris goes Erolia can be again substituted. The group of Sand Plovers, the genus Ochthodromus of Sharpe, but now more correctly termed Cirrepidesmus, has been kept separate from Charadrius with which they have little in common. Charadrius=iEgialitis, old nomenclature, is still used for the Ring Plovers, Leucopolius and other subgenera of Mathews being included under this term. References to all these newly proposed names will be found in the literature. Apart from these difficulties—difficulties which are by no means settled yet—the rest of the classification runs fairly smoothly. Though a great mass of early literature has had to be sifted out and studied in dealing with the classification of the order, the following general references will be found invaluable to those study¬ ing the more recent literature, especially that dealing with nomen¬ clature.

SOME GENERAL REFERENCES

Fob Special Study of the Chabadbiifokmes

Shabpe, R. B. Catalogue of the Lirnicolse in the Collection of the Brit. Mus.; Cat. Birds British Museum; XXIV, pp. xii and 795, pis. i-vii. 1896. Shabpe, R. B. A Hand List of the genera and species of Birds. Vol. I Charadriiformes, pp. 144-176. B. Mus. Nat. His. B.O.U. List of British Birds, second and revised edition, 1915. W. Wesley and Son, 28 Essex Street, Strand, W.C. Amendments and Proposed Alterations to the Names in the B.O.U. List of British Birds, as accepted by the Committee of the B.O.U. on the British Birds List. Ibis, 1921, pp. 310-316.

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Yarrell, William. A History of British Birds, fourth edition, in four volumes. Vol. Ill revised and enlarged by Howard Saunders. Charadriiformes, pp. 193-515. London, Gurney and Jackson, 1885. Harmsworth Natural History. Vol. II, 1910. Article on the Limicolse, pp. 1332-1350. By R. Lydekker. Scudder, Samuel H. Nomenclator Zoologicus. An alphabetical list of all generic names that have been employed by naturalists for recent and fossil animals from the earliest times to the close of the year 1879. In two parts : I. Supplemental List. II. Universal List. Washington Government Printing Office, 1882. Waterhouse, C. 0., & Sharp, David. Index Zoologicus. Zoo¬ logical Record Index Volume, 1880-1900. Index Zoologicus, No. II, 1901-1910. Lileord, Lord. Coloured Figures of British Birds, Charadrii¬ formes, Vol. V. Newton, A., & Gadow, H. A Dictionary of Birds, 1893-1896. Gray, G. R. Hand List of Genera and Species of Birds, 3 volumes or parts, 1869-1871. Coues, E. Handbook of Field and General Ornithology. Repub. Lond., 1890. Coues, E. List of Faunal Publications relating to British Birds, 1880. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., II, pp. 359-482. British Ornithologists' Union. List of British Birds ; 1st edition, 1883 ; 2nd edition, 1915. Revised List, 1923.

Some additions and corrections to the B.O.U. List of British Birds ; Ibis, April, 1918, pp. 234-243. Amendments and Proposed Alterations to the Names in the B.O.U. List of British Birds, as accepted by the Committee of the B.O.U. on the British Birds List; Ibis, 1921, pp. 310-316. American Ornithologist's Union. Code of nomenclature and Check List of Northern American Birds, adopted by the A.O.U. ; 1st edition, 1886 ; supplement, 1889 ; 2nd edition, 1895 ; 3rd edition, 1910. Hartert, E., Jourdain, F. C., Ticehurst, N. F., & Witherby, H. F. A Hand List of British Birds, 1912. Witherby, H. F. A Practical Handbook of British Birds ; ed. by H. F. Witherby, Vol. I, 17 plates and numerous text figures, 1919-1920. Coues, Elliott. A Monograph of the Tringese of N. America; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, 1861, pp. 170-205.

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Mathews, G. M. Birds of Australia, III, 1913. Ridgway, R. The Birds of North and Middle America, VIII, 1919. Blaneokd, W. T. The Pauna of Britisli India, including Ceylon and Burma ; Birds, four volumes ; Charadriiformes, Vol. IV, 1898, pp. 192-295.

Jerdon, T. C. The Birds of India ; in two volumes ; Charadrii¬ formes, Vol. II, pp. 606-712.

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GENERAL LITERATURE OF THE CHARADR1I- FORMES FROM 1894-1924

1894. Reichenow, A. Die Vogel Deutsch-ost-Afrika. Reiser, 0. Materialien zu einer Ornis Balcanica. Styan, E. W. Notes on the Ornithology of China ; Ibis, 1894, pp. 329-337. Munn, P. W. On the Birds of the Calcutta District; Ibis, 1894, pp. 39-77. Aplin, 0. V. On the Birds of Uruguay ; Ibis, 1894, pp. 149-215. Shelley, G. E. On a collection of Birds made by Mr. Alfred Sharpe in the Zomba District of Nyasaland; Ibis, 1894, pp. 229-241. 1895.

Ieby, Col. L. H. B. Ornithology of the Straits of Gibraltar ; 2nd edition. Clarke, W. Eagle. On the Ornithology of the Delta of the Rhone ; Ibis, 1895, pp. 176-211. Elliot, D. G. Northern American Shore Birds, a history of the Snipes, Sandpipers, Plovers and their allies. Sharpe, R. B. On a collection of Birds from Western Somaliland ; Charadriiformes, pp. 513-515 ; P.Z.S., 1895, pp. 457-515. A.O.U. Check List of American Birds. 2nd edition.

1896.

Sharpe, R. B. A Handbook to the Birds of Great Britain ; Chara¬ driiformes, Vol. III. [ Vide also p. 10.] Shelley, G. E. Birds of Africa, Vol. I. Newton, A. A Dictionary of Birds, 1893-1896. Cheap issue, 1899.

1897. Beddard, P. Intercentra in the vertebral column; Proc. Zool. Soc. Bond., 1897, pp. 469 and 470. 13

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14 THE LITERATURE OF THE CHARADRIIFORMES

Mcilhenny, E. A. A list of the species of Limicolse occurring in the State of Louisiana ; Auk, XIV, pp. 288 and 289. Kolthoff. Zur Herbstwanderung der nordischen Sumpfvogel iiber die Insel Oland ; Festskrift Lilljeborg, 1896, pp. 121-136 cum. tab. 1899. Forbes, H. 0., & Robinson, H. C. Catalogue of the Charadrio-

morphic Birds ... in the Derby Museum ; Bull, Liverp. Mus., II, pp. 51-75. Palmer, W. The avifauna of the Pribilof Islands. Pt. Ill, pp. 355- 431, pis. xxxviii-xli. [Charadriiformes]. Wilson, S. B., & Evans, A. H. Aves Hawaiiensis ; The Birds of the Sandwich Islands, Part VII, Lond., 1899. [Charadrii¬ formes, etc.]. Kellogg, V. L. Some parasites of birds ; Auk, XVI, 1899, pp. 232- 236. Salvadori, T. Collezioni ornitolog. che fatte nelle isole de Capo Verde, de Leonarda Fea ; Ann. Mus. Genova (2), XX, pp. 283- 312. [Charadriiformes, Totanus glareola and Totanus calidris, p. 300]. 1900. Dwight, J. The Moult of the North American Shore Birds (Limi¬ colse) ; Auk, XVII, 1900, pp. 368-385. Allen, J. A. North American Birds collected at Santa Marta, Colombia ; Auk, XVII, pp. 363-367.

1901. Rothschild, W., & Hartert, E. Review of the Papuan Limicolse ; Nov. Zool., VIII, pp. 142 and 143.

1902. Snouckaert van Sciiauburg, R. Ornithologisches aus Holland ; Ornith. Monatsber., X, pp. 1-4. Lorenz-Liburnau, L. von, & Hellmayr, C. E. Ein Beitrag zur Ornis Sudarabiens ; Denk. Ak. Wien, LXXI, pp. 103-121; Taf. I, figg. 1-4. 1903.

Perkins, R. C. L. Charadriiformes of Hawaiian Islands ; Fauna Hawaiiensis, I, pp. 449 and 450. Godman, F. D. Biologia Centrali-Americana, or contributions to the knowledge of the Fauna and Flora of Mexico and Central America ; Lond., 1903, 4to, Aves, Vol. Ill, pp. 338-396. Siiufeldt, R. W. Osteology of the Limicolte; Ann. Carnegie Mus., II, pp. 15-70, pi. i, text-figg., 1-27.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries GENERAL LITERATURE 15

1905.

Peola, P. Trampolieri e Palmipedi della valle d'Aosta ; Boll. Soc. Zool. Ital. (2), VI, pp. 129-138. Obeeholseb, H. C. Birds collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott in the Kilimanjaro Region, East Africa; P.U.S. Mus., XXVIII, pp. 823-936. Eblangee, C. von. Beitrage zur Vogelfauna Nordostafrikas; J. Ornith., 1905, pp. 42-158. Butlee, A. L. Ornithology of the Egyptian Soudan ; Ibis, 1905, pp. 301-401. 1906. Lonnbeeg, E. Einige Nomenklaturfragen; J. Ornitli., 1906, pp. 528-533. 1907.

Alpheeaky, S. Sur les coeca de quelques oiseaux de la sous- famille des Scolopacinse (Russ.) ; St. Petersburg, Ann. Mus. Zool. Ac. Sc., XI, 1906 [1907], (xxxiv-xxxv).

Bianchi, V. Scolopax, Gallinago, Limnocryptes, Rostratula . . . Synopsis des arten. Bianchi, Aves expeditiones P. K. Kozlowi, 1899-1901 (Die Mongolei und das Land Kham, etc.) ; St. Petersburg, 1907 (3+58+251 mit 4 Taf. u. 1 Karte). Usakov, Val. E. Die sumpfvogel (Limicolse) in der umgebung der Stadt Tara, Gouv. Tobolsk. Psov. i ruzejn. ochota; Moskva, XIII, pp. 195-196. Bibcila, A. Arenaria interpres, etc. Migration and habits ; St. Petersburg, Mem. Ac. Sc., XVIII (2), p. 96.

1908.

Seevice, R. The Waders of Solway ; Glasgow, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc., VIII, 1908, pp. 46-63. Robebtson, J. Nesting dates of some of the Waders (CharadriidEe) ; Glasgow, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc., VIII, 1908, pp. 63-64. Snotjckaebt van Schaububg, Baeon R. Ornithology of the Netherlands, May 1, 1907 to April 30, 1908 ; Holder, Tijdschr. Ned. Dierk. Ver., 2e Ser., XI, 1908, pp. 35-51.

1910. Cooke, W. H. Distribution and migration of North American Shore Birds ; Washington, D.C., U.S. Dept. Agric. Bur. Biol. Survey Bull., XXXV, 1910, pp. 1-100. Dabbene, R. Ornithology of the Argentine, 1910.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries 16 THE LITERATURE OE THE CHARADRIIFORMES

1911.

Uchida, S. (Japanese.) Nihon san Shigi-rui sakuin hyo [Key to the Japanese species of Charadriidse]. Dobuts. Z. Tokyo, XXIII, 1911, pp. 243-248. Kooli-Volkonskij, I. (Russian.) [Die Schnepfen des Gouverne- ments Novgorod], Nasa Ochota, St. Petersburg, V, 1911, 20 pp. 11-16 ; 21 pp. 11-16 ; 22 pp. 15-19. Robertson, J. Waders in East Renfrew ; Glas. Nat., IV, pp. 7-10.

1912.

Rockwell, R. B. Notes on the Wading Birds of the Barr Lake Region, Colorado; Condor, XIV, 1912, pp. 117-131, figs. 44-56.

Pycraet, W. P. Remarks on the syrinx of the Scolopacidse ; Ibis, 1912, pp. 334-341, figs. iv. Mathews, G. M. A Reference List to the Birds of Australia ; Nov. Zool., XVIII, 1912, No. 3, pp. 171-455. Mathews, G. M. Additions and corrections to my Reference List to the Birds of Australia ; Austral. Av. Rec., I, p. 1 onwards. Horsburgh, B. The Game Birds and Water-fowl of South Africa; [Descriptions and figures of the bustards of S.A.]. (xii, 160), 65 pis., London (Witherby), 1912, 4to. Hartert, E., & Others. A Hand List of British Birds.

1913. Mathews, G. M. Birds of Australia, 1913, Vol. Ill, Charadrii- formes. Mathews, G. M., & Iredale, T. A Reference List of the birds oi New Zealand, Part I; Ibis, 1913, pp. 201-263.

1914. Bannerman, D. A. An Ornithological Expedition to the Canary Islands ; Ibis, 1914, pp. 38-90, 228-293, 533-534, pis. ii-vi. Thayer, J. E., & Bangs, O. Notes on the Birds and Mammals of the Arctic Coast of East Siberia ; Proc. N. Engl. Zool. CI., V, 1914, pp. 1-66. Zedlitz, O. Grae. Das Siid-Somaliland als Zoogeographisches Gebiet; [Charadriiform.es, pp. 621-636]. J. Ornith., LXII, pp. 608-678. Clarke, W. Eagle. On some migratory Birds observed at Fair Island during the Spring and Autumn of 1913 ; Scott. Nat., 1914, pp. 53-55.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries GENERAL LITERATURE 17

1915.

Lowe, P. R. Studies on the Charadriiformes: I. On the systematic position of the Ruff (Machetes pugnax) and the semi-palmated Sandpiper (Ereunetes pusillus), together with a review of some osteological characters which differentiate the Eroliinae (Dunlin group) from the Tringinse (Redshank group); Ibis, 1915, pp. 609-616, 2 text figs. Turner, E. L. On " Wait and See " Photography ; Part I, British Birds, IX, 1915, pp. 102-108, 5 photos. Ratiibttrn, S. F. List of Water and Shore Birds of the Puget Sound Region in the vicinity of Seattle ; Auk, XXXII, pp. 459- 465.

Grant, C. H. B. On a collection of Birds from British East Africa and Uganda presented to the British Museum by Capt. G. S. Cosens, with field notes by the collector, W. P. Lowe ; Ibis, 1915, pp. 1-76. Hesse, E. Neuer Beitrag zur ornis von Sachalin ; J. Ornith., LXIII, 1915, pp. 341-402. Thorburn, A. British Birds, written and illustrated by the Author ; Vols. IV, 1915-1916. Hartert, E., & Jackson, A. C. Notes on some Waders; Ibis, 1915, pp. 526-534. Robertson, J. Waders in East Renfrewshire. Scott. Nat., 1915, p. 357. 1916.

Lowe, P. R. Studies on the Charadriiformes : III. Notes in rela¬ tion to the systematic position of the Sheath-bills (Chionididae). IV. An additional note on the Sheath-bills. Some points in the osteology of the skull of an embryo of Chionarchus minor from Kerguelen. V. Some notes on the Crab-Plover (Dromas ardeola Paykull) ; Ibis, 1916, pp. 122-155, 10 text figs, and 313-317.

Hartert, E. Errors in Quotations ; Nov. Zool., XXIII, 1916, pp. 112-114. Turner, E. L. On " Wait and See " Photography ; British Birds, IX, 1916. Part II, pp. 258-264. Part III, pp. 282-289. Part IV, pp. 306-313. Baddeley, T. Early movement of Waders on Lancashire Coast; [Reports a flock of 27 Sanderlings and one of 20 Knots on the shore near Southport, July 29th, 1916]. British Birds, X, 1916, p. 96. Robinson, H. W. Early movement of Waders on the Lancashire Coast; [Confirms Baddeley, vide supra]. British Birds, X, 1916, p. 121.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries 18 THE LITERATURE OF THE CHARADRIIFORMES

Baxter, E. V., & Rintoul, L. J. Report on Scottish Ornithology in 1915, including Migration. Forming the July and August, 1916, issues of the Scottish Naturalist.

1917. Bbebe, W.; Hartley, G. I., & Howes, P. G. Tropical Wild Life in British Guiana. Zool. contribs. from the Tropical Research Station of the New York Zool. Soc. ; New York Zool. Soc., Jan., 1917 ; [Charadriiformes, p. 128]. Chapman, F. M. The distribution of Bird Life in Colombia; a contribution to a Biological Survey of South America; New York Bull. Amer. Mus. N.H., XXXVI, 1917 (x+729), 41 pis. and maps, 21 text figs. Nichols, J. T., Murphy, R. C., & Griscom, L. Notes on Long Island Birds ; [Charadriiformes, pp. 440-442.] Auk, XXXIV, 1917, pp. 434-444. Jackson, A. C. The Moults and Sequence of Plumages of the British Waders ; British Birds, XI, 1917, pp. 55-64, 83-85, 105-116; 1918, 177-182, 197-203, 228-230; XII, 1918, pp. 4-13, 39-41, 104-113, 146-151 ; 1919, XII, pp. 172-179.

1918. Some additions and corrections to the B.O.U. List of British Birds; by the Committee appointed to draw up the list; Ibis, 1918, pp. 234-243. Grinnell, J., Bryant, H. C., & Storer, T. I. The Game Birds of California; [Shore Birds and Waders included.] Univ. California Press, 1918. Bowles, J. H. The Limicolse of the State of Washington ; Auk, XXXV, 1918, pp. 326-333. Haviland, M. D. Notes on the Autumn Migration at Odessa in 1917 ; British Birds, XII, 1918, pp. 83-86. Jackson, A. C. The Moults and Sequence of Plumages of the British Waders ; vide 1917.

Miller, E. A List of Summer Birds observed on the Outer Fame Islands ; British Birds, XII, 1918, pp. 132-136. Oberholser, H. C. Third Annual List of Proposed Changes in the A.O.U. Check List of Northern American Birds; Auk, XXXV, 1918, pp. 200-217. Wayne, A. T. Some additions and other records new to the Ornithology of South Carolina ; Auk, XXXV, 1918, pp. 437- 442.

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•o GENERAL LITERATURE 19

1919. Witherby, H. F. A Practical Handbook of British Birds; Ed. by H. F. Witherby, Vol. I, 17 plates and numerous text figures, 1919-1920. Jackson, A. C. The Moults and Sequence of Plumages of the British Waders, Part X ; British Birds, XII, 1919, pp. 172- 179. For full list vide 1917.

Witherby, H. F. Notes on Birds observed near Dunkerque, Nord, France ; British Birds, XII, 1919, pp. 194-205. Ticehurst, N. F. The Birds of Bardsey Island, Part I, etc.; [Charadriiformes, Part 5, pp. 186-191]. British Birds, XIII, 1919, pp. 42-51, 66-75, 101-106, 129-134, 182-193. Oberholser, H. C. Fourth Annual List of Proposed Changes in the A.O.U. Check List of Northern American Birds ; Auk, XXXVI, 1919, pp. 266-273. Ridgway, R. The Birds of North and Middle America, Part VIII, Jacanidse, (EdicnemidaB, Hsematopodidae, Arenariidse, Aphri- zidse, Charadriidse, Scolopacidse, Phalaropidse, Recurvirostridse, etc. ; Washington, D.C., Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 50, 1919 (i-xvi+i-852), 34 pis. Oberholser, H. C. The Status of the Genus Asarcia Sharpe. The names of the subfamilies of the Scolopacidse, etc. Scolopacinae, Canutinse and Numeniinse are the subfamilies of Scolopacidse ; Washington, D.C., Proc. Biol. Soc., XXXII, p. 200 and p. 199. Oberholser, H. C. Notes on North American Birds, VII, VIII, IX ; Auk, XXXVI, 1919, pp. 81-85, 406-408, 556-559. Chubb, C. Notes on Collections of Birds in the British Museum from Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Argentina, Part II ; [Chara¬ driidse]. Ibis, 1919, pp. 261-269. Townsend, C. H., & Wetmore, A. The Birds : In Reports on the Scientific Results of the Expedition to the Tropical Pacific in charge of Alexander Agassiz on the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer " Albatross " from August, 1899, to March, 1900, XXI; Camb. Mass. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., LXIII, 1919, pp. 151-225. IIanna, G. D. Notes on Birds of the Pribilof Islands ; Washington, J. Acad. Sci., IX, 1919, No. 6.

1920.

Mathews, G. M., & Iredale, T. Snipe and Sandpipers : a re¬ arrangement ; Austr. Av. Rec., IV, 1920, pp. 123-129. Hartert, E. Die Vogel der palaarktischen Fauna, Heft X-XII (1217-1600), 16 +26 text figs., Berlin, 1920, 8vo.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries 20 THE LITERATURE OF THE CHARADRIIFORMES

Dabbene, R. Notas sobre los Chorlos de Norte America que invernan en la Republica Argentina ; Hornero Buenos Aires, II, 1920, pp. 99-128, 2 maps. Gibson, E. Further ornithological notes from the neighbourhood of Cape San Antonio, Province of Buenos Aires, Part III; Ibis, 1920, pp. 1-97. Brooks, A. Notes on the Limicolse of Southern British Columbia; Condor, XXII, 1920, pp. 26-32. Nichols, J. T. Limicoline voices ; Auk, XXXVII, 1920, pp. 519- 540. Hesse, E. Trippelnde Beinbewegungen insbesondere bei Stelz- vogeln; Ornith. Monatsber., XXVIII, 1920, pp. 87-90. Dale, E. M. S. Winter Bird List from London, Ontario ; Can. Field Nat., Ottawa, XXXIV, 1920, p. 97. Hudson, W. H. Birds of La Plata, 2 vols, (xviii+244 and x+240), 22 pis. London and Toronto (Dent), 1920, 8vo. Farley, J. A. Sandpipers wintering at Plymouth, Massachusetts; Auk, XXXVII, 1920, pp. 78-84. Sclater, W. L., & Mackworth-Praed, C. A List of the Birds of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, based on the collections of Mr. A. L. Butler, Mrs. A. Chapman, Capt. Lynes, R.N., and Major Cuthbert Christy, R.A.M.C., Part IV, concluded ; Ibis, 1920, pp. 781-855. Oberholser, H. C. Fifth Annual List of Proposed Changes in the A.O.U. Check List of North American Birds ; Auk, XXXVII, 1920, pp. 274-285. Lane, A. A. Notes on the Charadriidae or Plover Family ; South African Jour. Nat. Hist., II, 1920, p. 76. Hartert, E., & Jourdain, F. C. R. Birds of Buckinghamshire and the Tring Reservoirs ; Nov. Zool., XXVII, 1920, pp. 171-259.

1921. Baker, E. C. Stuart. The Game Birds of India, Burma and Ceylon, Vol. II, Snipe, Bustards and Sand Grouse, pp. xvi+328, 19 col. pi., two maps in colour and 6 bl. and wh. plates. Report on Amendments and proposed alterations to the names in the B.O.U. List of British Birds, as accepted by the Committee of B.O.U. on the British Birds List; Ibis, 1921, pp. 310-316. La Touche, J. D. D. Notes on the Birds of N.E. Chihli, inN. China, Part III; [Charadriiformes, pp. 14-30]. Ibis, 1921, pp. 3-48. Chasen, F. N. Field Notes on the Birds of Macedonia, with special reference to the Struma plain ; [Charadriiformes, pp. 223-225} Ibis, 1921, pp. 185-227.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries GENERAL LITERATURE 21

Meinertzhagen, R. Some preliminary remarks on the Velocity of Migratory Flight among Birds, with special reference to the Palsearctic Region ; Ibis, 1921, pp. 228-238. Raw, W. Field Notes on the Birds of Lower Egypt; [Charadrii- formes, pp. 375-383]. Ibis, 1921, pp. 238-264, 359-387. Lowe, W. P. The Birds of Tasso and adjoining Islands of the Rokelle River, Sierra Leone ; [Charadriiformes, pp. 278-279]. Ibis, 1921, pp. 265-282. Bannerman, D. A. A Systematic List of the Birds of Sierra Leone ; [Charadriiformes, pp. 300-301]. Ibis, 1921, pp. 283-302. Rothschild, Lord. On a collection of Birds from West Central and N. Western Yunnan ; [Charadriiformes, pp. 16-17]. Nov. Zool., XXVIII, 1921, pp. 14-67. Thompson, W. R. Notes on the Birds of Alderney; [Charadrii¬ formes, pp. 441-447]. Ibis, 1921, pp. 415-453. Thomson, A. Landsborough. Results of a Study of Bird Migration by the marking method ; Vanellus vanellus, etc.; Ibis, 1921, pp. 466-527. Griscom, L. Some Notes on the Winter Avifauna of the Camargue ; [Charadriiformes, pp. 606-607]. Ibis, 1921, pp. 595-609. Munn, P. W. Notes on the Birds of Alcudia, Majorca ; [Charadrii¬ formes, pp. 708-714], Ibis, 1921, pp. 672-719. Nichols, J. T. Estimated Number of Shore Birds; Auk, XXXVIII, 1921, pp. 110-112. Oberholser, H. C. Sixth Annual List of Proposed Changes in the A.O.U. Check List of North American Birds ; Auk, XXXVIII, 1921, pp. 264-269. Hunt, C. J. Notes on the Winter and Early Spring Birds of South¬ eastern Arkansas ; Auk, XXXVIII, 1921, pp. 370-381. Willett, G. Bird notes from South-eastern Alaska ; Condor, XXIII, 1921, pp. 156-159. Brooks, A. A twelvemonth with the Shore Birds ; Condor, XXIII, 1921, pp. 151-156. Mathews, G. M., & Iredale, T. The Nature of the New Zealand Avifauna; Emu, XX, 1921, pp. 210-221. [Charadriiformes, pp. 214-215.] Mailliard, J., & Hanna, G. D. New Bird Records for North America, with notes on the Pribilof Island List; Condor, XXIII, 1921, pp. 93-95. Jewett, S. G. Additional notes on the Water and Shore Birds of Netarts Bay, Oregon; Condor, XXIII, 1921, pp. 91-93, 2 photos.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries 22 THE LITERATURE OF THE CHARADRIIFORMES

Gurney, J. H. Ornithological Notes from Norfolk for 1920, 27th Annual Report; British Birds, XIV, 1921, pp. 242-252. Baxter, E. V., & Rintoul, L. J. Report on Scottish Ornithology in 1920, including Migration ; Scott. Nat., 1921, pp. 105-120, 135-158. Tiiienemann, J. XIX, Jahresbericht (1919) der Vogelwarte Rossiten der Deutschen Ornithologischen Gesellschaft; J. Ornith., 1921, pp. 1-38. Kayser, C. von. Die Vogel der Umgebung von Lissa i/P ; [Chara- driiformes, pp. 235-236]. J. Ornith., 1921, pp. 218-239. Schuster, L. Beitrage zur Ornithologie Nordostfrankreichs; [Charadriiformes, pp. 176-182]. J. Ornith., 1921, pp. 153-200. James, H. W. Birds in the Cradock and Tarkastad Districts; [Charadriiformes, pp. 178-181]. South African Journ. Nat. Hist., Ill, 1921, pp. 174-198. Oordt, G. J. van. Ornithological notes from Spitsbergen and Northern Scandinavia, 1921 ; Ardea, X, 1921, pp. 129-170. Grote, H. Aus der ornithologischen Literatur Russlands. Berichte und uebersetzungen : I. Shitkow's ornithologische Beobach- tungen auf der Samojeden-Halbinsel (Ja-mal). II. Die Vogel Nordwestrusslands: der Gouvernments Pskow, Now-gorod und St. Petersburg, pp. 1-32. Buxton, P. A. Notes on Birds from Northern and Western Persia; [Charadriiformes, pp. 877-878]. Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., XXVII, 1921, pp. 844-882. Mathews, G. M., & Iredale, T. A Manual of the Birds of Australia, Vol. I. Orders Casuarii to Columbse ; [Charadriiformes, pp. 114- 187]. 1921, H. F. and G. Witherby, London. Kuroda, N. [Japanese.] The moulting of some Charadrine birds; Tori, Tokyo, III, 1921, photos. Ritson, C. F. A. Notes on some of the rarer British Birds which breed in Denmark ; Oologist's Record, I, 1921, pp. 95-101.

1922.

Kuroda, Nagamichi. Notes on the Birds of Tsushima and Iki Islands, Japan ; [Charadriidse, p. 82]. Ibis, 1922, pp. 75-105. Meinertzhagen, R. Notes on some Birds from the Near East and from Tropical East Africa ; [Charadriiformes, pp. 71-74]. Ibis, 1922, pp. 1-74. Jourdain, F. C. R. The Birds of Spitsbergen and Bear Island; [Charadriidse, pp. 169-172]. Ibis, 1922, pp. 159-179. Ticehubst, N. F. Inland Occurrences of Waders in the Autumn of 1921 ; British Birds, XV, 1922, pp. 272-274.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries GENERAL LITERATURE 23

Gurney, J. H. Ornithological Notes from Norfolk for 1921, 28th Annual Report; British Birds, XV, 1922, pp. 278-292. Joy, N. H. Shovelers Breeding and Occurrence of Black-winged Stilts and other unusual Birds in Berkshire ; British Birds, XVI, 1922, p. 54. Rowan, W. Some Bird Notes from Indian Bay, Man. ; Auk, XXXIX, 1922, pp. 224-232. Wilson, G. Birds of Bowling Green, Kentucky ; Auk, XXXIX, 1922, pp. 233-243. Oberiiolser, H. C. Seventh Annual List of Proposed Changes in the A.O.U. Check List of Northern American Birds ; Auk, XXXIX, 1922, pp. 243-248. Burtch, V. Spring 1917 Migration of Shore Birds at Branchport, N.Y.; Auk, XXXIX, 1922, p. 275. Poole, E. L. Notes on Early Summer Birds of the Virginia Coast; Auk, XXXIX, 1922, pp. 271-273. Gibson, L. Bird Notes from North Greenland ; Auk, XXXIX, 1922, pp. 350-363. Nichols, J. H. Summer shore Birds ; [A reply to paper by E. L. Poole, Auk, XXXIX, pp. 271-273]. Auk, XXXIX, 1922, pp. 414-416. Lowe, P. R. On the significance of certain Characters in some Charadriine genera, with a provisional Classification of the Order Charadriiformes; PI. 1, text figs. 3 ; Ibis, 1922, pp. 475- 495. Whistler, H. The Birds of Jhang District, S.W. Punjab, Part II, non-passerine Birds; [Charadriiformes, pp. 423-429]. Ibis, 1922, pp. 401-437. La Touche, J. D. On the Birds of the Province of Hupeli in Central China; [Charadriiformes, pp. 467-468]. Ibis, 1922, pp. 445-471. Kinnear, N. B. On the Birds collected by Mr. A. F. R. Wollaston during the first Mt. Everest Expedition, with notes by Mr. A. F. R. Wollaston ; [Charadriiformes, pp. 502-503]. Ibis, 1922, pp. 495-526. IIartert, E. Die Vogel der palaarktischen Fauna ; Heft XVIII- XIX (Bd. Ill, 4-5), pp. 2149-2328 and i-xii, Berlin (Fried- lander), March, 1922, 8vo. [Completion of the work.] Lonnberg, E., & Rendahl, H. A contribution to the Ornithology of Ecuador ; Ark. Zool. Stockholm, XIV, No. 25,1922, pp. 1-87. Sherborn, C. D. Index Animalium, 2nd part, 1801-1850 ; London (Trustees Brit. Mus.), 1922, 8vo.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries

■o 24 THE LITERATURE OF THE CHARADRIIFORMES

Kelham, H. R. Some Cretan Birds ; [Charadriiformes, pp. 683- 685]. Ibis, 1922, pp. 675-687.

Nicoll, M. J. On a Collection of Birds in the Sudan by Major S. S. Flower, O.B.E., in December, 1920, and January and February, 1921 ; and some remarks on a " List of the Birds of the Anglo- Egyptian Sudan," by W. L. Sclater and C. Mackworth Praed ; [Charadriiformes, pp. 696-698]. Ibis, 1922, pp. 688-701.

Paton, E. R. Incubation period of some waders ; British Birds, XVI, 1922, pp. 110-111. Lloyd, L. R. W. Observations on the Birds of Lundy, May and June [1922]; [Charadriiformes, p. 156]. British Birds, XVI, 1922, pp. 148-159.

Rintoul, L. J., & Baxter, E. V. Report on Scottish Ornithology in 1921, including Migration ; Scott. Nat., 1922, pp. 69-84 and pp. 109-129. Thompson, W. R. Stray notes on certain Dorsetshire Birds, made principally in the neighbourhood of Weymouth ; [Charadrii¬ formes, pp. 185-186]. British Birds, XVI, 1922, pp. 182-187.

Heyder, R. Nachtrage zur Ornis Saxonica; [Charadriiformes, pp. 27-33]. J. Ornith., LXX, 1922, pp. 1-38.

C'rote, H. Zur Avifauna des nordlichen Deutsch-Sudwestafrika ; J. Ornith., LXX, 1922, pp. 39-49. Fehringer, 0. Die Vogelwelt Macedoniens, Allgemeiner Teil; J. Ornith., LXX, 1922, pp. 89-123.

Grote, H. Aus der ornithologischen Literatur Russlands : Berichte und uebersetzungen ; Nos. Ill and IV, 1921, 1922. Laltbmann, A. Nachtrage und Berichtigungen zum " Nomen- klator der Vogel Bayerns," Erstes Supplement; [Charadrii¬ formes, pp. 211-215]. Verhand. Ornith. Ges. im Bayern, XV, 2, 1922, pp. 187-227. Chabot, F. Notes sur quelques Oiseaux observes dans la Somme, etc.; [Charadriiformes, pp. 261, 262]. Rev. d'Orn. fr., XIV, 1922, pp. 257-263. Gayot, C. Les Oiseaux de Chang-hai observations ornithologiques (1913-1920) ; [Charadriiformes, pp. 37-38], Universite de Chang-hai (L'Aurore), Publiees par les P. P. Henry Dugout et Auguste Savio, de la compagnie de Jesus-Zi-Ka-Wei-Chang-hai. Imprimerie de l'orphelinat de T'ou-se-we, January, 1922.

van Someren, V. G. L. Notes on the Birds of East Africa ; [Chara¬ driiformes, pp. 11-20]. Nov. Zool., XXIX, 1922, pp. 1-246.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries GENERAL LITERATURE 25

1923.

Joy, N. H. Some Migrants in Berkshire ; British Birds, XVI, 1923, pp. 203-207. Gurney, J. H. Ornithological Notes from Norfolk for 1922, 29th Annual Report; British Birds, XVI, 1923, pp. 230-239. Poole, E. L. Summer Shore Birds of the North Carolina Coast; Auk, XL, 1923, pp. 144-146. Granvik, H. The Swedish Mount Elgon Expedition ; [Charadrii- formes, pp. 33-40]. Journ. Ornith., LXXI, Sonderheft, 15 February, 1923. Hartert, E. On the Birds of Cyrenaica ; [Charadriiformes, pp. 28- 30]. Nov. Zool., XXX, 1923, pp. 1-32. Hartert, E., & Jourdain, E. C. R. The hitherto known birds of Marocco ; [Charadriiformes, pp. 135-139]. Nov. Zool., XXX, 1923, pp. 91-152. Delacour, J. Notes on the Birds of the States of Guarico and Apure in Venezuela ; [Charadriiformes, pp. 139-140]. Ibis, 1923, pp. 136-150, Col. pi. 1. Report of the Committee on the Nomenclature and Records of Occurrences of rare Birds in the British Islands, and certain necessary changes in the Nomenclature of the B.O.U. List of British Birds; [Third Report: Previous Reports, Ibis, 1918, pp. 234-243 ; Ibis, 1921, pp. 310-316], Ibis, 1923, pp. 424-435. le Roi, O. Die ornis der Sinai-Halbinsel; [Charadriiformes, pp. 228-233]. J. Ornith., 1923, pp. 196-252. Alexander, H. G. Birds at Dungeness, September, 1922 ; [many Waders seen, 22 species, Sept. 25th, 1923]. British Birds, XVII, 1923, pp. 26-28. Ticehurst, N. F. Some British Birds in the Fourteenth Century ; British Birds, XVII, 1923, pp. 29-35. Oldham, C. Wading Birds of the Tring Reservoirs ; Trans. Herts. Nat. Hist. Soc., XVII, 1923, pp. 341-352. Oldham, C. Birds observed in Hertfordshire in 1921 ; [Chara¬ driiformes, pp. 359-360]. Trans. Herts. Nat. Hist. Soc., XVII, 1923, pp. 353-362. Eighteenth Supplement of the American Ornithologists' Union Check List of Northern American Birds; Auk, XL, 1923, pp. 513-525. Barbour, T. Birds of Cuba ; Memoirs of the Nuttall Ornitho¬ logical Club, XI, 1923, plates iv. [Charadriiformes, pp. 62-72.] Ticehurst, C. B. The Birds of Sind ; [Charadriiformes, pp. 647- 666]. Ibis, 1923, pp. 645-666.

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o 26 THE LITERATURE OF THE CHARADRIIFORMES

Bannerman, D. A. Report on tlie Birds collected during the British Museum Expedition to the Ivory Coast (French West Africa). With an account of the Field Work by W. P. Lowe ; Ibis, 1923, pp. 667-748, pi. i, text figs. 12. Boyd, A. W. Notes from Staffordshire ; British Birds, XVII, 1923, pp. 139-142. Oberholser, H. C. Eighth Annual List of Proposed Changes in the A.O.U. Check List of North American Birds; Auk, XL, 1923, pp. 677-682. McKeown, K. List of the Birds of the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area, Sept., 1915-Jan., 1921 ; Emu, XXIII, 1923, pp. 42-48. B.O.U. A List of British Birds. [Now List, based on the second edition of the B.O.U. List published by the Union in 1915, with additions and corrections made by the Special Committee appointed to revise the List], Wheldon and Wesley, Ltd., 1923. Baxter, E. V., & Rtntoul, L. J. Report on Scottish Ornithology in 1922, including Migration. Scott. Nat., 1923, p. 65.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries CHAPTER III

Family OTIDIDiE Genera

Chlamydotis. .page 27 Lissotis page 31 Eupodotis page 33 Afrotis „ 28 Lophotis ,, 32 Otis ,, 34 Choriotis „ 29 Neotis „ 32 Sypheotis 38

Heterotetrax.. „ 30

Genus CHLAMYDOTIS

Species and Subspecies :—- Chlamydotis undulata undulata. The Hubara.

„ „ macqueeni. Macqueen's Bustard.

„ „ fuertaventui'83. Fuerteventura Island.

Literature, 1894. Howse, R. Houbara macqueenii, on the N.E. Coast of Yorkshire ; Nat. Hist. Tr. Northumb., XI, pp. 345-350. Rothschild. W., & Hartert, E. Houbara fuertaventurce, n. sp., Fuerteventura I. ; Nov. Zool., I, p. 689, 1894. [Fuertaventurce should read Fuerteventura!; name will have to stand, however, as H. fuertaventurce now].

1895.

Rothschild, W., & Hartert, E. Houbara fuerteventurce, Notes on ; Nov. Zool., II, p. 54, 1895.

1896.

Cordeatjx, J. Otis macqueeni, in Holderness ; Zoologist, 1896, pp. 433 and 434. 1899.

Clarke, W. Eagle. Houbara macqueeni, in Aberdeenshire ; Bull. B.O.C., VIII, p. xxxvi, 1898-1899. [First Scottish specimen. Wrongly recorded as a " Little Bustard," by Walker, Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., Jan., 1899, p. 51.] Clarke, W. Eagle. On the occurrence of the Asiatic Houbara (.Houbara macqueeni, Gray and Hardwicke), in Scotland ; P. R. Soc. Edinb., XIV, pp. 162 and 163. 27

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries 28 THE LITERATURE OP THE CHARADRIIFORMES

Clarke, W. Eagle. On the occurrence of the Asiatic Houbara (Houbarci macqueeni), in Scotland; Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., 1899, pp. 73 and 74. 1905. Heath, R. H. Notes on the " Houbara " (Otis macqueeni) ; J. Bombay Soc., XVI, pp. 372 and 373. 1908. Kroi-in", H. Otis macqueeni, in N. Germany, remarks ; Ornith. Monatsber., XVI, 1908, pp. 122-132. 1912. Baker, E. C. S. Houbara macqueeni; Synonyms, description and plate ; Bombay J. Nat. Hist. Soc., XXI, p. 325, pis. vi and A. Aharoni, J. Houbara macqueeni Gray ; Ornith. Jahrb., XXIII, 1912, pp. 1-15. 1913. Ze.dlitz, 0. de Comte. Sur Houbara undulata; Rev. d'Orn. fr., 1913, pp. 18-19. Vaucher, A. Houbara undulata; Rev. d'Orn. fr., V, 1913, p. 68 ; Anfrie, ibid., p. 90. 1914. Lavauden, L. Note sur Houbara undulata et quelques pointes relatifs a la faune ornithologique la Tunisie ; Rev. d'Orn. fr., VI, 1914, pp. 308-311. Bannerman, D. A. Chlamydotis undulata fuerteventurce, Fuerte- venturan Bustard, Notes on ; Ibis, 1914, p. 289.

1917. Hess, A. Erbeutung einer Asiatischen Kragentrappe (Otis macqueeni) in der Schweiz ; Ornith. Monatsber., XXV, 1917, pp. 58-59.

1920. Stresemann, E. Houbaropsis indica (Herm.) antedates H. ben- galensis (Gm.) ; Nov. Zool., XXVII, 1920, p. 331,

Genus AFROTIS

Species and Subspecies :— Afrotis afra afra. Black Bustard. South Africa.

„ „ afraoides. White-quilled Black Bustard. Literature, from 1894. 1922. Grote, H. Eupodotis afroides etoschce, subsp. n. in South-west Africa ; J. Ornith., LXX, 1922, p. 42.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries FAMILY OTIDIDZE 29

Genus CHORIOTIS==EUPODOTIS. Old nomenclature.

Species and Subspecies :— Choriotis kori kori. Paauw or Kori Bustard. Africa.

„„ struthiunculus.

„„ adolfi-friederici. Choriotis arabs arabs. Arabian Bustard.

„ „ stieberi. Choriotis edwardsi. Indian Bustard. Choriotis australis australis. Australian Bustard.

„ derbyi.

„ „ melvillensis. Melville Island form.

Literature, from 1894. 1903.

Berney, F. L. Breeding season of the Bustard (Eupodotis auslralis) in North Queensland ; Emu, III, pp. 68 and 69.

1905. Oberholser, H. C. Eupodotis kori, in the Mount Kilimanjaro region ; P.U.S. Mus., XXVIII, p. 836. Erlanger, C. von. Eupodotis kori; Beitrage zur Vogelfauna Nordostafrikas ; J. Ornith., 1905, pp. 79 and 80. Meade-Waldo, E. G. B. Eupodotisarabs, in the forest of Marmora, Morocco ; Ibis, 1905, pp. 161-164. Butler, A. L. Eupodotis arabs, in the Soudan; Ornithology of the Egyptian Soudan ; Ibis, 1905, p. 392.

1907.

Neumann, J. i. Neue formen von Otis kori; O. k. sirutlihmculus, nov. subsp. ; O. adolfi-friederici, nov. sp. ii. Otis arabs stieberi, nov. subsp. ; J. Ornith., 1907, pp. 306-307.

1910. Seth-Smith, D. Otis kori, photographed in the London Zoological Gardens ; Avicult. Mag., II, 3rd series, p. 44, pi. i.

1912. Baker, E. C. S. Eupodotis edwardsi; Synonyms, description, etc., Bombay J. Nat. Hist. Soc., XXI, p. 304, pi. v. Mathews, G-. M. Choriotis australis australis ; Otis australis Gray, Australian Bustard ; Choriotis a derbyi, subsp. n. ; Nov. Zool., XVIII, p. 226.

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1913. Mathews, G. M. Austrotis, proposed new generic name for type Ewpodotis auslralis (Gray) ; Aust. Av. Rec., 2, p. 12.

1915. Mathews, G. M. Austrotis australis melvittensis, subsp. n., Melville Island, Australia ; Austr. Av. Rec., Ill, p. 51. Grant, C. H. B. Otis kori struthiunculus, a distinct form ; Ibis, 1915, p. 65. 1917.

Wettstein, 0. V. Otis arabs, in Kordofan ; Wicn Denksch. K. Ak. Wis., XOIV, 1917, pp. 553-613, 1 pi.

1920. Sclatee, W. L., & Mackworth-Praed, C. Otis arabs stieberi, range defined ; Ibis, 1920, p. 798. Chisholm, A. H. Breeding of Bustards (Choriotis australis) ; Emu, XX, 1920, pp. 98-100. 1921. Mathews, G. M., & Iredale, T. Genus Austrotis. Austrotis australis, Australia generally. Not Tasmania ; Manual Birds of Australia, I, 1921, p. 186.

1923.

Bannerman, D. A. Choriotis lcori [? struthiunculus] on the Ivory Coast; Ibis, 1923, p. 745.

Genus HETEROTETRAX

Species and Subspecies :— Heterotetrax vigorsii vigorsii. Vaal Bustard. S. Africa. „„ ruppelli. Ruppell's Bustard. S.W. Africa. Heterotetrax humilis. Little Bustard. Somaliland.

Literature, from 1894. Sharpe, R. B. Heterotetrax, nom. emend, pro Heterotis, Sharpe (1893, nec. Ehr.) ; Cat. B. Brit. Mus., XXIII, p. 296.

1912. Salvadori, T. Missione per la frontiera Italo-Etiopica sotto il comando del Captain Carlo Citerni. Ucelli by Salvadori; [Otis humilis, a rare species taken in Italian Somaliland]. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genoa, XLV, p. 309.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries FAMILY OTIDIDaE 31

Genus LISSOTIS Species :— Lissotis melanogaster. Africa. Gambia and Abyssinia to Natal.

„ hartlaubi. N.E. and E. Africa.

Literature, from 1894.

1900.

Grant, Ogilvie W. R. Lissotis lovati, n. sp., from Abyssinia ; Bull. B.O.C., X, p. xxxix, 1899-1900. Grant, Ogilvie W. R. Lissotis lovati, figured ; Ibis, 1902, pi. xi, to face p. 453. L. hartlaubi, p. 453. Wings of L. lovati and L. melanogaster, figured, pp. 454-455.

1905. Oberholser, Id. C. Lissotis melanogaster (Ruppell) from the Mount Kilimanjaro region ; P.U.S. Mus., XXVIII, p. 836. Oberholser, H. C. Lissotis notophila, new species ; P.U.S. Mus., XXVIII, p. 836. Erlanger, C. von. Lissotis melanogaster; Beitrage zur Vogel- fauna Nordostafrikas ; J. Ornith., 1905, p. 83. Butler, A. L. Lissotis lovati in the Soudan ; Ornith. of the Egyptian Soudan ; Ibis, 1905, p. 391.

1913. Seth-Smith, L. M. On Birds around Mpumu, Uganda; Otis melanogaster—not common there ; Ibis, 1913, p. 508.

1920. Sclater, W. L., & Mackwortii-Praed, C. Lissotis melanogaster, synonymy and taxonomy ; Ibis, 1920, p. 799.

1923.

Granvik, H. Otis melanogaster at Lake Naivasha, E. Africa.

• J. Ornith., LXXI, Sonderheft, Feb. 15, 1923, pp. 39-40. Bannerman, D. A, Otis melanogaster on the Ivory Coast; Ibis, 1923, p. 745.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries 32 THE LITERATURE OF THE CHARADRIIFORMES

Genus LOPHOTIS

Species and Subspecies :— Lophotis Ruficrista. Red-breasted Bustard. S. Africa. Lophotis gindiana gindiana. Buff-breasted Bustard. E. Africa.

„„ hilgerti. N. and C. Somaliland. Lophotis savilei. Savile's Bustard.

Literature, from 1894. 1905. Oberholser, H. C. Lophotis gindiana (Oustalet), from the Mount Kilimanjaro district; P.U.S. Mus., XXVIII, p. 835. Erlanger, C. von. Lophotis gindiana ; Beitrage zur Vogelfauna Nordostafrikas ; J. Ornith., 1905, p. 83.

1907.

Neumann, J. 0. ruficrista hilgerti, n. subsp. ? 0. r. gindiana; J. Ornith., 1907, p. 308. 1920.

Lynes, H. Lophotis savilei, sp. n. ; Bull. B.O.C., XLI, 1920, pp. 51-53.

Genus NEOTIS Species and Subspecies :• Neotis ludwigii. S. Africa.

„ burchellii. Sudan. Neotis cafra cafra. Stanley's Bustard. S. Africa.

„ „ denhami. Denham's Bustard. Sudan to Lake Chad. Neotis heuglinii. Somaliland.

„ nuba. Nubian Bustard.

Literature, from 1894. 1900. Tegetmeier, W. B. Otis denhami, from Port Elizabeth; Bull. B.O.C., XI, 1900, p. 41. 1905.

Erlanger, C. von. Neotis heuglini; Beitrage zur Vogelfauna Nordostafrikas ; J. Ornith., 1905, p. 81.

1923. Bannerman, D. A. Neotis cafra denhami (Denham's Bustard), on the Ivory Coast; Ibis, 1923, p. 745.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries FAMILY OTIDIDfE 33

Genus EUPODOTIS =TRAOHELOTIS. Old nomenclature.

Species and Subspecies :— Eupodotis senegalensis. Senegal Bustard. „ barrowii. Barrow's Bustard. Eupodotis canicollis canicollis. White-bellied Bustard. E. Africa.

„„ somaliensis. Somaliland. Eupodotis cserulescens. Blue Bustard. S. Africa, etc.

Literature, from 1894.

Millais, J. G. Trachelotis barrovii, its plumage ; Bull. B.O.C., Vol. Ill, p. xlvii, 1893-1894.

1903.

Sclater, P. L. Otis barrovii, South African Bustard, near Port Retief, Transvaal; Bull. B.O.C., XIV, pp. 24 and 25, 1903.

1904.

Mitchell, P. Chalmers. Trachelotis barrovii, notes on; P.Z.S. Lond., 1904, pp. 2 and 3.

1905.

Erlanger, C. von. Trachelotis canicollis; Beitrage zur Vogel- fauna Nordostafrikas ; J. Ornith., 1905, pp. 81-83.

1907. Horsburgh, B. The Blue Knorhaan (Otis ccerulescens); Avicult. Mag. Brighton (Ser. 2), V, 1907, pp. 139-142, fig. Neumann, J. Notes on the forms of Otis senegalensis, 3 subspecies, O. s. somaliensis, O. s. canicollis and O. s. barrowi; J. Ornith., 1907, p. 307.

1914. Zedlitz, O. Graf. Otis senegalensis canicollis, taxonomy and nomenclature ; J. Ornith., LXII, p. 633.

1915.

Grant, C. H. B. Otis senegalensis canicollis ; Ibis, 1915, p. 65. / d

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zm 34 THE LITERATURE OP THE CHARADRIIFORMES

Genus OTIS Species and Subspecies : Otis tarda tarda. Great Bustard.

„ „ dybowskii. Eastern form. Otis tetrax tetrax. Western Little Bustard. Spain, France, etc.

99 orientalis. Eastern Little Bustard. S. Russia, Great Britain, etc. Literature, from 1894. 1897. Southwell, T. An unrecorded Norfolk Great Bustard (Otis tarda) ; Zoologist, 1897, p. 572. 1898. Pycraft, W. P. The gular pouch of the Great Bustard, Otis tarda ; Nat. Sci., XIII, pp. 313-323, figs. 1-5. Southwell, T. Exhibition of a Norfolk Bustard ; Tr. Norfolk Soc., VI, pp. 385 and 386. Meyer, A. B. Otis tarda, skeleton figured; Vogel Skel. Lief, XXIV, taf. ccxxxv. Butler, E. A. Little Bustard (Otis tetrax), in Norfolk; Zoologist, 1898, p. 125. 1899. Southwell, T. Otis tetrax at Lowestoft; Zoologist, 1899, p. 31. Walker, J. G. Otis tetrax, in Aberdeenshire; Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., 1899, p. 51. [Wrongly described, really was Chlamydotis macqueeni. Vide Chlamydotis.] 1901. Fox, W. S. Little Bustard (Tetrax tetrax), in Derbyshire ; Zoologist, 1901, p. 270. Ternier, L. Distribution geographique en France de l'Outarde Canepetiere (Otis tetrax) d'apres Iss donnees de l'enquete territoriale de 1886 ; C. R. Cong. Orn., Ill, pp. 277-283. 1902. Southwell, T. The Great Bustard (Otis tarda), in Norfolk; Tr. Norfolk Soc., VII, pp. 328-330. Bonhote, J. L. Remarks on the Great Bustard : question of its reintroduction to England; Bull. B.O.C., XIII, p. 13, 1902- 1903. Tschusi, zu Schmidhoeeen, V. Notes on Otis tetrax; Ornith. Jahrb., XIII, pp. 68-72. Kunz, H. Otis tetrax, Die Zwergtrappe, ein indeutscher Brutvogel; J. Ornith., 1902, pp. 284-290.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries FAMILY 0TIDIDH1 35

1903. Williams & Son. Great Bustard (Otis tarda), in Ireland (Co. Tipperary) ; Zoologist, 1903, pp. 153 and 154. Pycraft, W. P. Courting Habits of Great Bustard; Knowledge (2), XVIII, pp. 1-3, figs. 1 and 2.

1904. Proger, T. W., & Paterson, D. R. Otis tarda, Great Bustard in Glamorganshire ; Trans. Cardiff Soe., XXXVI, p. 126. St. Quintin, W. PI. Otis tarda, breeding in confinement; Avicult. Mag. (2), II, pp. 188-191. Sushkin, P. Otis dybowskii, in the Minusinsk Steppe and North Mongolia ; Bull. B.O.C., XIV, p. 45, 1903-1904.

1905. Sarudny, N. Otis tarda Icorejewi, n. subsp. Turkestan; Ornith. Monatsber., XIII, pp. 163 and 164. Kleinschmidt, O. Otis tetrax, near Eisleben ; Ornith. Monatsber., XIII, p. 64. 1906. Buturlin, S. A. Otis tarda, Fortpflanzung in der Gefangenschaft (Russ.), Cerepova, v. Psov. i ruzejn. ochota, Moskva, 1905, pp. 128-137. Braun, M. Otis tarda, in Prussia ; Konigsberg Schr. physik. Ges. 1906, XLVI, p. 193. Kollibay, P. Otis tetrax, in Prussia and Silesia ; Ornith. Monats¬ ber., XIV, 1906, p. 97. Besserer, L. Otis tetrax, wrongly identified in Bavaria ; Bayr. Forstztg. Nurnberg, XIII, 1906, pp. 1-5. Quistorp-Crenzow, V. Otis tetrax, Brutvogel in Neuvorpommern ; Ornith. Monatsber., XIV, 1906, p. 31.

1907. Hocke, H. Der Zwergtrappe (Otis tetrax) in Germany ; D. Jagerztg. Neudamm, XLVIII, 1907, pp. 289-292, 305-308, 321-324, 337-340. Rabes, O. Vorkornmen der Zwergtrappen (Otis tetrax) ; D. Jagerztg. Neudamm, XLVIII, 1907, pp. 595-596. Cerepova, V. Otis tarda, Lebenweise ; Nasa pticevodn. zizui, i, 1907, pp. 84-87, 105-106 ; Fortpflanzung in der Gefangen¬ schaft. Id. t.c., pp. 130-131. Chernel, I. Otis tarda in Ungarn ; Aquila, XIV, 1907, p. 181.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries 36 THE LITERATURE OP THE CHARADRIIFORMES

1908.

Luiie, M. Eine weibliche zwergfcrappe, Otis tetrax L. ; Konigsberg Schr. physik. Ges., XLVIII, pp. 365-366 (1907), 1908.

1909.

Eldred, E. J. H. The Great Bustard, observations and remarks on some in captivity and attempts to domesticate them ; Norwich Trans. Nat. Soc., VIII, 1909, pp. 727-731. Trevor-Battye, A. Some Great Bustards ; Avicult. Mag., VII, 1909, pp. 184-192. St. Qitintin, W. H. The reported Great Bustard in Yorkshire; Zoologist, XIII, p. 113. Haase, O. Besog hos stortrapperne ; [A visit to Otis tarda]. Kjobenhavn, Ornith. Tids., Ill, 1909, pp. 55-60. Hocke, H. Uber Trappen, Otis tarda L. in Brandenburg ; Zs, oologie, Berlin, XIX, 1909, pp. 104-107, 119-120. Stoll, F. E. Grosstrappen, in Kurland; N. Bait. Weidm.-blt. Riga, IV, 1908, p. 466.

1910.

Munn, P. W. Great Bustard, in Hampshire ; British Birds, IV, 1910, p. 190. Tischler, F. Zum Vorkommen der steppenweihe, Sperbeule und Zwertrappe in Ostpreussen ; Ornith. Monatsber., XVIII, 1910, p. 97. Tischler, F. Der Vorkommen von Trappen-, Reiher- und Gan, searten in Ostpreussen ; Konigsberg Schr. physik. Ges., LI, 1910, pp. 36-38. St. Quintin, W. H. Otis tetrax, habits in captivity ; Avicult. Mag., II, 3rd series, p. 57. Besserer, Freiiierr v. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der zwertrappe im Deutschland; Zs. Jagdschutzver, XV, 1910, pp. 97-101, 108-112. Ognew, S. I. (Russian.) Zug naoh Norden im Herbst; Mess. Ornith. Moskva, I, p. 52.

1911.

BakER, E. C. S. The Bustards (Otidse) of India ; Otis tarda, p. 22 ; Otis tetrax, p. 38 ; Bombay J. Nat. Hist. Soc., XXI, p. 20. Siskin, A. (Russian.) [Die Trappen ihre Aufzucht und Erhaltung in Geflugelhofen]. Zemedelec, St. Petersburg, XVI, 1911, pp. 383-386, 434-436.

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Mozgalevskij, L. S. (Russian.) [Untersuchungen iiber den Mageninhalt erlegter Vogel]. Ochotn. vest. Moskva, XI, 1911, p. 27. Fooks, H. The European Bustard (Otis tarda) in Northern India ; Bombay J. Nat. Hist. Soc., XX, 1911, pp. 1153-1154. Simonds, M. H., & Others. Second occurrence of the European Great Bustard (Otis tarda) in India ; Bombay J. Nat. Hist. Soc., XX, 1911, pp. 1152-1154. Balabin, V. I. (Russian.) [Die Zwertrappe im Don-Gebiet]. [Habits, nesting, etc.]. Semja Ochton. Moskva, IV, 1911, pp. 11-13. 1912.

Gurney, J. H. Little Bustards, in Norfolk and Scotland ; British Birds, Y, 1912, p. 281. Nichols, J. B. Little Bustard, in Sussex; British Birds, V, 1912, p. 226. Jourdain, F. C. R. Little Bustard, in Devon ; British Birds, VI, 1912, pp. 225-226. Vaucheb, A. Causerie sur Otis tarda L. ; Rev. d'Orn. fr., II, 1912, pp. 334-337. 1913.

Trevor-Battye, A. The Great Bustard ; Avicult. Mag., IV, 1913, pp. 261-263, 2 pis. 1914.

Ford-Lindsay, II. W. Little Bustard, in Sussex ; British Birds, VII, 1914, p. 270. 1916.

Merk-Buchberg, M. Der Trappe (Otis tarda) ; Zool. Beob., LVII, 1916, pp. 221-226. St. Quintin, W. H. Breeding of the Little Bustard in 1915 (Otis tetrax) ; Avicult. Mag., VIII, 1916, pp. 30-34, photos. Hartert, E. Notes on the Little Bustard, Otis tetrax orientalis, subsp. n., South Russia ; Nov. Zool., XXIII, 1916, pp. 337- 339, 1 pi. 1917.

Hartert, E. On the European forms of the Little Bustard ; British Birds, X, 1917, pp. 213-214. Carroll, C. J. Little Bustard, in Co. Clare; [7th example for Ireland]. British Birds, X, 1917, p. 228. Schiebel, G. Zwertrappe (Otis tetrax), in Krain ; [Croatia]. 1914- 1915 ; J. Omith., LXV, Bd. ii, 1917, pp. 223-225,

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries 38 THE LITERATURE OF THE CHARADRIIFORMES

1919.

Gurney, J.H. Little Bustards in France ; British Birds, XII, p. 264. Hesse, E. Die Fusshaltung der Trappe (Otis tarda L.) im Fluge ; Ornith. Monatsber., XXVII, 1919, pp. 77-79, 2 figs. Pohl, R. Ditto ; Ornith. Monatsber., XXVII, 1919, pp. 129, 130. Zedlitz, 0. Graf. Otis tetrax L. ; J. Ornith., LXVII, 1919, pp. 118-123. 1920. Ticehurst, N. F. An early record of the Great Bustard in Kent; British Birds, XIV, 1920, pp. 34-37. Percy-Thomas, R. J. Little Bustard, in Cornwall; Field, 1920, Jan. 17th, p. 67. Gordon, S. Probable Little Bustard, in Northumberland ; British Birds, XIV, 1920, p. 48. 1922.

Heyder, R. Otis orientalis tetrax Hart., in Saxony ; J. Ornith., LXX, 1922, p. 33. 1923. Page, W. T. Mv Little Bustard (Otis tetrax) ; Bird Notes, VI, 1923, pp. 131-133.

Genus SYPHEOTIS Species Sypheotis aurita. Lesser Florican or Likh.

„ bengalensis. Bengal Florican.

Literature, from 1894. 1905. Wall, F. Winter plumage of the male Bengal Florican {Sypheotis bengalensis) ; J. Bombay Soc., XVI, pp. 388 and 389. 1909. Symons, H. S. Occurrence of the Lesser Florican or Likh {Sypheotis aurita) in the Konkan, Western India ; Bombay J. Nat. Hist. Soc., XIX, 1909, p. 261. 1912. Baker, E. C. S. Sypheotis aurita, S. bengalensis ; figs., descriptiom habits, etc. ; Bombay J. Nat. Hist. Soc., XXI, pp. 722 and 1109, pis. vii and viii. 1920.

Stresemann, E. The new names in J. Hermann's Tabula Affinita- tum Animalium ; Sypheotis aurita Lath, must replace S. indica (Gm. nec Herm.) ; Nov. Zool., XXVII, 1920, p. 331.

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Family BURHINIDiE Genera

Burhinus page 39 Esacus page 44 Orthorhamphua page 45

Genus BURHINUS Species and Subspecies :— Burhinus magnirostris magnirostris. Australia.

„ „ rufescens.

„„ ramsayi.

„ „ broomei. Burhinus cedicnemus cedicnemus. Europe.

„ „ indicus. India.

„„ astutus.

„„ saharse. Africa. „„ insularum. Canary Islands.

„ „ distinctus. 5 f JJ Burhinus senegalensis senegalensis. Africa. Burhinus vermiculatis vermiculatis. Africa.

„ „ buttikoferi. Burhinus capensis capensis. Africa. affinis. dodsoni. ehrenbergi. damarensis. psammochromus csongor. Burhinus bistriatus bistriatus. Colombia, The Guianas.

„ „ dominicensis. San Domingo. Burhinus superciliaris superciliaris. Peru.

Literature of Burhinus magnirostris, from 1894. 1895. 1896. Moreton, A. (Edicnemus grallarius, in Tasmania; P. Soc. Tas¬ mania, 1894-95, pp. 71-72.

1906. Cleland, J. B. Burhinus grallarius, habits of; Emu, 1906, pp. 191-192. 39

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries 40 THE LITERATURE OF THE CHARADRIIFORMES

1909. Seth-Smith, D. Burhinus grallarius; photo of, in Melbourne Zool. Gdns. ; Avicult. Mag., VII, p. 137. Burrell, H. Young Stone Plovers (Burhinus grallarius) and shingle ; Emu, VIII, 1909, p. 150, pi. xiv.

1912. Mathews, G. M. Burhinus magnirostris magnirostris, Australian Stone Plover or Curlew; B. m. rufescens, subsp. n., Little Stone Plover; B. m. ramsayi, subsp. n., Northern Stone Plover ; B. m. broomei, subsp. n., Western Stone Plover ; Nov. Zool., XVIII, 1912, pp. 225-226.

1923. MacGillivray, W. Interesting conduct of the Southern Stone Plover (Burhinus magnirostris) ; Emu, XXII, 1923, pp. 309- 311. D'Ombrain, A. P. A Southern Stone Plover photographed at nest, 1 photo ; Emu, XXII, 1923, p. 320. McKeown, K. Burhinus magnirostris at Murrumbidgee, Australia ; Emu, XXIII, 1923, p. 44.

Genus BURHINUS=(EDICNEMUS. Old nomenclature. Species other than Burhinus magnirostris magnirostris.

Literature, 1894. Reichenow, A. CEdicnemus cedicnemus saharce, N. subsp. ; J. Ornith., 1894, p. 102. 1895. Lileord, Lord. CEdicnemus scolopax, fig. Col. Eig. Br. Birds, Vol. V, p. 11, Pt. XXXI, June, 1895.

1896. Drewitt, P. D. CEdicnemus senegalensis in Egypt; Bull. B.O.C., Vol. V, p. xix, 1895-1896. Id., Ibis, 1896, p. 287; [Name spelt incorrectly there as Druitt].

1.897.

Clarke, W. G. CEdicnemus osdicnemus, as observed around Thet- ford ; Zoologist, 1897, pp. 248-250. Reichenow, A. CEdicnemus cedicnemus indicus in South Hungary ; J. Ornith., 1897, p. 83.

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1898.

Reichenow, A. CEdicnemus buttikoferi, n. sp., Liberia ; Ornith. Monatsber., VI, pp. 182-183. 1899. Grant, W. R. Ogilvie. On a New Species of CEdicnemus from Southern Arabia, CEdicnemus dodsoni, n. sp., Bull. B.O.C., X, pp. xviii and xix, 1899-1900. Hartert, E. CEdicnemus ajfinis, in the Gold Coast Hinterland ; Nov. Zool., VI, p. 404. 1900. Selous, E. CEdicnemus cedicnemus, note on; Zoologist, 1900, pp. 173-185, 270-277, 458-476.

1901. Kempen, Ch. Van. CEdicnemus crepitans, a crested specimen ; C. R. Cong. Orn., Ill, p. 186.

1902.

Lorenz-Liburnau, L. von, & Hellmayr, C. E. Notes on CEdicnemus capensis dodsoni; Denk. Ak. Wien, LXXI, p. 118.

1903. Forrest, H. F. CEdicnemus scolopax, in Merionethshire, N. Wales ; Zoologist, 1903, pp. 153 and 154.

1904. Campbell, D. C. CEdicnemus scolopax, in Co. Donegal; Irish Natural., XIII, p. 119. Letacq, A. L. L'odicneme dans les plaines de Chambois, et de Montmerrei; Bull. Soc. Rouen (4), XXIII, pp. 319-321. Sharpe, R. B. CEdicnemus senegalensis, in the Cameroons ; Ibis, 1904, p. 596. 1905. Oberholser, H. C. CEdicnemus capensis, in the Kilimanjaro Region, E. Africa; P.U.S. Mus., XXVIII, p. 840. Erlanger, C. von. CEdicnemus, notes on the African Species; CEdicnemus oedicnemus cedicnemus, CE. ce. saharce, (E. ce. senegalensis, CE. oe. vermiculatus, CE. ce. gularis, CE. ce. buttikoferi, CEdicnemus capensis capensis; CE. c. affinis, CE. c. dodsoni; Beitrage zur Vogelfauna Nordostafrikas; J. Ornith., 1905, pp. 68-74. Reichenow, A. CEdicnemus capensis var. n. psammochromus, Togo Land ; var. n. damarensis, Damara Land ; Vog. Afrika, III, Nachtr., p. 801,

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1907. Meade-Waldo, E. G. B. Incubation period of the Stone Curlew; British Birds, I, p. 92. Lorenz, L., & Hellmayr, C. E. Edicnemus capensis dodsoni, Beschreibung; Wien. Denkschr. Ak. Wiss., 71, p. 113. Chernel. (Edicnemus cedicnemus, in Ungarn; Aquila, XIV, 1907, p. 181. 1908.

Sassi, M. (Edicnemus cedicnemus insularum, subsp. n., Canary- Islands ; Ornith. Jahrb. Hallein, XIX, pp. 32-34. Barren, W. The Crouching Habit of the Stone Curlew ; British Birds, I, 1908, pp. 301-308, 4 pis.

1909. Wade, E. W. On the status of the Stone Curlew, in Yorkshire; Naturalist, 1909, p. 11. Thorpe, D. L. (Edicnemus scolopax, in Cumberland ; Zoologist, XIII, 1909, pp. 197-189. Arrigoni degli Oddi, E. Osservazione sulla [discussa] comparsa di un occhione del Senegal ((Edicnemus senegalensis) nel Vicentino ; Roma Boll. Soo. Zool. Ital., X, 1909, pp. 203-206. Meschinelli, L. Contribuzione all' avifauna italiana, Cattura di un esemplare di (Edicnemus senegalensis Sw. nel Vicentino; Venezia Atti 1st. ven., XLVIII, 1908-1909, pp. 65-68. Madarasz, J. Ueber eninen neuen Dickfuss, (Edicnemus csongor ; Budap. Arch. Zool., I, 1909, pp. 11-12, figs. 1-3.

1910. Elliott, J. S. Stone Curlew (Edicnemus scolopax), in Bedford¬ shire ; Zoologist, XIV, 1910, pp. 227-228. Loos, K. (Edicnemus cedicnemus, nesting and parental habits in Bohemia ; Ornith. Monatschr., XXXV, p. 369. Schitz, W. (Russian and res. franc.) Edicnemus crepitans in Gouv. Tver ; St. Petersburg Trav. Soc. Nat. C. r. seances, XLI, I, pp. 125-132. Ocilvie-Grant, W. R. Edicnemus vermiculatus, egg from Ruwen- zori, figured ; Trans. Soc. Zool., XIX, p. 444, pi. 19, fig. 17. Zedlitz, O. Graf. Edicnemus capensis ehrenbergi, subsp. n. Dahlak I. im Roten Meer ; Ornith. Monatsber., XVIII, p. 9. Zedlitz, O. Graf. Edicnemus capensis afjinis, E. c. ehrenbergi, E. c. dodsoni, figured ; J. Ornith., LVIII, p. 314, pi. v, figs. 1-3-

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1911. Averin, V. T. (Russian.) Nest and eggs of CEdicnemus crepitans ; Charikov Trav. Soc. Nat., XLIV, 1911, pp. 258-287. van Someren, R. The Central African Stone Curlew ; [CEdicnemus vermiculatus], J. E. Afr. and Uganda N. H. Soc., I, 1911, pp. 78-81, 2 pis. 1912.

Munn, P. W. Spring display of the Stone Curlew ; Brit. Birds, Y, 1912, pp. 226-227. 1913. Penrose, F. G. Field notes on a pair of Stone Curlews; Have they an appreciable sense of smell ? Brit. Birds, VI, 1913, pp. 266-269. 1914. Hollis, E. Stone Curlew, breeding in Buckinghamshire ; British Birds, VIII, p. 121. Wade, E. W. Nesting habits of the Stone Curlew ; Naturalist, 1914, pp. 123-124. Clarke, W. Eagle. On some migratory birds observed at Fair Island during the Spring and Autumn of 1913 ; [CEdicnemus cedic.ne.mus observed]. Scott. Nat., 1914, pp. 53-55. Bannerman, D. A. CEdicnemus cedicnemus insularum; [Eastern Canary Islands Thick-knee]. Ibis, 1914, pp. 275-277. Bannerman, D. A. CEdicnemus ce. distinctus, subsp. n.; [Form inhabiting the Western Canary Group], Ibis, 1914, p. 277. Noble, H. Stone Curlew, breeding in Buckinghamshire; British Birds, VIII, 1914, p. 173. Cocks, A. H. Stone Curlew, breeding in Bucks; British Birds, VIII, 1914, p. 173. 1915. Grant, C. H. B. CEdicnemus capensis, subspecies reviewed ; Ibis, 1915, p. 63. 1916.

Hartert, E. On the forms of Burhinus cedicnemus, B. ce. astutus, subsp. n.; Nov. Zool., XXIII, 1916, p. 93.

1919.

Ciiubb, C. Burhinus superciliaris ; Ibis, 1919, p. 269.

1920. Thienemann. Vogelwarte Rositten, CEdicnemus cedicnlemus met with there ; Ornith. Monatsber., XXVIII, 1920, pp. 1-6.

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Sclater, W. L., & Mackworth-Praed, 0. CEdicnemus capensis capensis ranges north to the Bahr-el-Gazal; CE. c. affinis taxonomio notes ; Ibis, 1920, p. 801.

1921. Lloyd, B. Stone Curlew, in Buckinghamshire ; British Birds, XIV, 1921, pp. 279-280. James, H. W. CEdicnemus capensis (Cape Thick-knee) in the Cradock and Tarkastad Districts, Cape Province; South African Journ. Nat. Hist., Ill, 1921, p. 180. Meinertziiagen, R. Burhinus cedicnemus saharce in Crete ; Ibis, 1921, p. 138. 1922. Grote, H. Burhinus capensis damarensis (Rchw.) ; [CEdicnemus capensis var. damarensis Reichenow 1905] in South-West Africa ; J. Ornith., LXX, 1922, p. 42. Gtjary, E. CEdicnemus scolopax ; Aquila, XXIX, 1922, p. 193.

1923. Delacotjr, J. Burhinus bistriatus (Wagl.), in the State of Guarico, in Venezuela ; Ibis, 1923, p. 140. Granvik, H. CEdicnemus ce. vermiculatus in Kavirondo Gulf, Vict. Nyanza, E. Africa; J. Ornith., LXXI, Sonderheft, Feb. 15, 1923, p. 36. Smeed, C. Probable second brood of Stone Curlew ; British Birds, XVII, 1923, p. 65. Bannerman, D. A. Burhinus senegalensis, on the Ivory Coast; Ibis, 1923, p. 745. Ashford, W. J. Early laying and incubation period of Stone Curlew ; British Birds, XVII, 1923, p. 113.

Genus ESACUS Species :— Esacus reeurvirostris. India. Literature, from 1894. 1912. Whistler, H. Nestling plumage of the Great Stone Curlew (Esacus reeurvirostris); Bombay J. Nat. Hist. Soc., XXI, 1912, pp. 663- 665. 1923. Ticehurst, C. B. The young of Esacus reeurvirostris in down ; [Exh. of specimen for Mr. H, Whistler]. Bull, B.O.C., XLIII, 1923, p. 72,

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Genus ORTHORHAMPHUS

Species and Subspecies :— Orthorhamphus magnirostris magnirostris. Large-billed thick- knee. Australia.

„ „ melvillensis. Australia.

„„ neglectus. Australia.

„ „ queenslandicus. N. Queensland.

„„ scommophorus. Tambelan Island.

Literature, from 1894. 1907. * Finscii, 0. Orthorhamphus magnirostris, breeding in the Thousand Islands, Java ; J. Ornith., 1907, p. 305.

1912.

Mathews, G. M. Esacus magnirostris melvillensis, subsp. n. ; Allied long-billed Stone Plover ; Austral. Av. Rec., I, p. 85. Mathews, G. M. Esacus magnirostris neglectus, subsp. n.; long- billed Stone Plover ; Nov. Zool., XVIII, p. 226.

1913.

Mathews, G. M. Esacus magnirostris queenslandicus, subsp. n., N. Queensland ; Aust. Av. Rec., II, p. 6.

1915. Shtjfeldt, R. W. On the comparative osteology of Orthorhamphus magnirostris (the long-billed Stone Plover) ; Emu, XV, 1915, pp. 1-25, pis. 7. 1919. Oberholseb, H. C. Orthorhamphus magnirostris scommophorus, subsp. n. Tambelan Is., S. China Sea; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., LV, p. 133.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries CHAPTER V

Family SCOLOPACIDiE Genera :—

Phalaropus page 46 Calidris page S5 ASclimorhynehus page 108 62 Pliilomachus... 08 Prosobonia Trmga „ „ „ 109 Bartramia 101 ,, 67 Ereunetes „ Scolopax „ 110 102 Limnodromus „ 70 Limicola Neoscolopax.... „ 116 Limosa ,, 72 Eurynorhynohus 104 Philohela „ 117 Terekia 104 „ 77 Tryngites ,, Capella „ 118 Numenius ,, 78 Crocethia ,, 105 Coenocorypha. „ 128

Mesoscolopax. „ 84 Mieropalama.. „ 107 Lymnocryptes „ 128 84 Catoptrophorus „ Pliegornis „ 108 Rhynehsea „ 130

Subfamily PHALAROPODINHC

Genus PHALAROPUS Species Phalai'opus fulicarius. Grey Phalarope. Phalaropus lobatus. Red-necked Phalarope. „ tricolor. Wilson's Phalarope.

The genera or subgenera Crymophilus, Lobipes and Steganopus are included in the above.

Literature, 1894. Campbell, D. C. Phalaropus fulicarius, at Inch, Lough Swilly; Irish Natural., 1894, p. 262. Sclatek, P. L. Phalaropus wilsoni, in the Falkland Islands ; Bull. B.O.C., Vol. IV, p. vi, 1894-1895.

1895. Lilford, Lord. Phalaropus fulicarius, fig. Col. Fig. Br. Birds, Vol. V, p. 53, Pt. XXX, Feb., 1895.

1896.

Blanford, W. T. Phalaropus hyperboreus, in India ; Ibis, 1896, pp. 288 and 2S9. 1897. Service. Phalaropus fulicarius, in the Solway District; Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., 1897, p. 45. 46

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1898.

Popham, H. L. Phalaropus1 hypcrboreus, on Khabarova; Ibis, 1898, p. 459. Collett, R. Phalaropus fulicarius, in Lapland ; Zoologist, 1898, p. 26. 1899. Pearson, H. J. Grey Phalarope {Crymophilus fulicarius), in full breeding plumage ; Exhib. of Spec., Bull. B.O.C., VIII, p. xxx, 1898-1899.

1900. Henshaw, H. W. Crymophilus fulicarius, in Hawaii; Auk, XVII, pp. 203 and 204. Damiani, G. Sul Phalaropus hypcrboreus, note on the species on Elba Island ; Atti. Soc. Ligustica, XI, pp. 27-34. Cameron, E. S. Phalaropus hypcrboreus, migration in Manitoba ; Ibis, 1900, pp. 67-70. Cameron, E. S. Steganopus tricolor, migration in Manitoba ; Ibis, 1900, pp. 67-70. 1901. Wayne, A. T. The Red-necked Phalarope (Crymophilus fulicarius), on the Coast of South Carolina ; Auk, XVIII, p. 271. Patten, C. J. The Natural History of the Grey Phalarope {Phala¬ ropus fulicarius) ; Irish Natural., X, pp. 53-67, pi. 3, figs. 1-6. Forrest, H. E. Red-necked Phalarope {Phalaropus hypcrboreus), in North Wales ; Zoologist, 1901, p. 428. Gaal de Gyula, G. Der Phalaropus lobatus, in der Vogelfauna des Balaton-See, Hungary ; Aquila, VIII, pp. 295 and 296.

1902. Philippi, R. A. Phalaropus antarcticus, figured; Ann. Mus. Chile, XV, pi. xxvii, fig. 2 ; P. {Lobipes) wilsoni, figured, pi. xxxi. Harvie-Brown, J. A. Grey Phalaropb, at Montrose ; Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., 1902, p. 55.

1903. Williams, E. Breeding of the Red-necked Phalarope {Phalaropus hyperboreus), in Ireland ; Irish Natural., XII, pp. 41-45, pi. i. Harvie-Brown, J. A. The Red-necked Phalarope in Ireland, the Outer Hebrides and Shetland, as a nesting species. With notes on the migration of Phalaropes ; Irish Natural., XII, pp. 96-98.

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1905. Forrest, H. E. Phalaropus hyperboreus, in Shropshire; Tr. Caradoc Club, IV, p. 36. Rossler, E. Phalaropus fulicarius, in Dalmatia ; Ornith. Monats- ber., XIII, p. 74.

1906. Dyche, L. L. The Red Phalarope [Crymophilus fulicarius Linn.), a new bird for the Kansas List; Topeka Trans. Acad. Sci., XX, Pt. I, 1906, pp. 131-132.

1907. Chernel, I. Phalaropus lobatus, in Ungarn; Aquila, XIV, 1907, p. 181. Birtjla, A. Crymophilus fulicarius, in Nordsibirien : Mem. Ac. Sc., XVIII, 2, p. 71. Gladstone, II. S. The Red-necked Phalarope (Phalaropus hyper- bore,us), in Ireland ; British Birds, I, pp. 174-177. Bahr, P. II. Some observations on the breeding-habits of the Red-necked Phalarope ; British Birds, I, pp. 202-207.

1908.

Service, R. Phalaropus hyperboreus, in the Solway area; Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., 1908, p. 120. Kobylin, A. M. Phalaropus hyperboreus, on the Black Sea ; Tiflis Mitth. Kauk. Mus., Ill, p. 303. Banks, R. C. Grey Phalarope, in Co. Wexford; British Birds, II, pp. 240-241. Champernowne, A. W. Grey Phalarope (Phalaropus fulicarius), in summer in Devonshire ; British Birds, II, pp. 204-205.

1909. Haag, F. Plattschnabliger Wassertreter [Phalaropus fulicarius L.) ; Zs. Oologie, Berlin, XIX, 1909, pp. 102-104. Smith, C. B. Sundhani; [Red-necked Phalarope]. Avicult. Mag., VII, No. 11, 1909, pp. 309-311. Sandman, J. A. Phalaropus hyperboreus, in Finnischen Meerbusen (Schwedisch) ; Medd. Soc. Fauna et Fl. Fenn., XXXV, pp. 167-329. Torrey, B. The Wilson Phalarope [Steganopus tricolor), at Santa Barbara ; Condor, XI, 1909, p. 173.

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1910. Willett, G. Red Phalarope, in Southern California in winter; Condor, XII, p. 175. Brimley, H. N. Northern Phalarope (Lobipes lobatus), in Bladen County, North Carolina ; Auk, XXVII, p. 206. Kreckeler. Steganopus tricolor, ein Amerikanischer Brachvogel, als gaast in Deutschland ? Zs. Oologie, Berlin, XV, 1910, pp. 41-42. 1911. Ctjmmings, S. G. Red-necked Phalarope, in Norfolk; British Birds, IV, 1911, pp. 253-254. Leigi-i, A. G. Grey Phalarope, in Warwickshire ; British Birds, V, 1911, p. 25. Leigi-i, A. G. Red-necked Phalarope, not Grey Phalarope, in Warwickshire : a correction ; British Birds, V, 1911, p. 115. Borrer, C. Grey Phalarope, in Norfolk; British Birds, V, 1911, p. 197. Evans, W. F. Grey Phalarope, in South Wales; Field, 18, XI, 1911, p. 1129. Forrest, H. E. Grey Phalarope, in Shropshire ; British Birds, V, 1911, p. 169. Chamberlain, B. Wilson's Phalarope (Steganopus tricolor), a new species for Carolina; [First record for Carolina]. Auk, XXVIII, p. 109. Ford-Lindsay, H. W. Red-necked Phalarope, in Sussex ; British Birds, V, 1911, p. 23. 1912. Bianchi, V. L. (Russian.) Crymophilus fulicarius, in Gouv. St. Petersburg ; Ann. Mus. Zool., XVII, p. xlvi.

1913.

Lowe, P. R. Grey Phalarope, recorded from near the Cape Verde Islands ; [At sea, 200 miles N. of the C.V. Islands, 21, 11 N., 22, 55 W., April, 1905], Bull. B.O.C., XXXIII, pp. 40-41.

1914.

Best, M. G. S., & Haviland, M. D. Notes on the Red-necked Phalarope in the Outer Hebrides; British Birds, VIII, 1914, pp. 9-12, pis. ii. 1915. Haviland, M. D. Feeding Habit of Red-necked Phalarope; British Birds, VIII, 1915, p. 243. e

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Wiglesworth, J. Feeding Habit of Red-necked Phalarope; British Birds, VIII, 1915, p. 268. Pike, 0. G. Feeding Habit of Red-necked Phalarope ; British Birds, VIII, 1915, pp. 293-294. Haviland, M. D. Notes on the Breeding-habits of the Grey Phalarope ; British Birds, IX, 1915, pp. 11-16. Haviland, M. D. Nest of Grey Phalarope ; British Birds, IX, 1915, pp. 187-188. Moulton, J. C. Bornean Birds, Phalaropus hyperboreus, recorded from Borneo ; Ibis, 1915, p. 383. Selous, E. Phalaropus lobatus, habits in Iceland ; Zoologist, XIX, 1915, p. 303. 1916.

Snowdon, F. Grey Phalarope, in Yorkshire in winter ; Naturalist, 1916, p. 239. 1917. Sclatek, W. L. The birds of Yemen, S.W. Arabia; Phalaropus lobatus at 7600 feet in Yemen ; Ibis, 1917, p. 182. Gianini, C. A. Some Alaska Peninsula Bird Notes; Lobipes lobatus common there ; Auk, XXXIV, 1917, pp. 398-399.

1918.

Kelsall, J. E. Grey Phalarope, in Hampshire ; British Birds, XI, 1918, p. 235. Riley, J. H. Phalaropus fulicarius, in N.E. Siberia; Washington, D.C., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., LIV, 1918, pp. 607-626. Swales, B. H. Northern Phalarope (Lobipes lobatus), in Michigan; Auk, XXXV, 1918, p. 75.

1919. Stone, W. Occurrence of the Red Phalarope, in Pennsylvania; Auk, XXXVI, 1919, pp. 419-420. Laubmann, A. Zur nomenklatur der Gattung Phalaropus, Brisson, 1760 ; Ornith. Monatsber., XXVII, 1919, pp. 75-76.

1921.

Ikedale, T. Phalaropus fulicarius jourdaini, subsp. nov. ; Bull. B.O.C., XLII, p. 8. [Separates the Nearctic from the Palsearctic birds]. Meinebtzhagen, R. Remarks upon a recently described race of Phalaropus fulicarius ; [Does not believe P. f. jourdaini to be a new race, considers it only a seasonal difference]. Bulk B.O.C., XLII, pp. 25-27.

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Jourdain, F. C. R. Remarks upon Phalaropusfulicarius jourdaini ; [Believes that Iredale's contention of P. f. jourdaini, being a new subspecies, is good]. Bull. B.O.C., XLII, p. 27. Gordon, Mrs. A. A note on the Nesting of the Red-necked Phalarope ; British Birds, XV, 1921, pp. 90-91. Lewis, S. Red-necked Phalarope, in Somerset; British Birds, XV, 1921, p. 158. Stoney, C. V. Recent observations on some Irish Breeding Birds ; [Red-necked Phalarope (Phalaropus lobatus) noted as breeding]. British Birds, XVI, 1923, p. 295. Bannerman, D. A. Phalaropus fulicarius, in the Cameroons ; Ibis, 1921, p. 111. 1922. Burtch, V. Phalaropus fulicarius, Red Phalarope, at Branchport, N.Y.; Auk, XXXIX, 1922, p. 277. Ross, R. C. Red Phalarope, in Southern California; Condor, XXIV, 1922, pp. 66-67. Lamb, C. C. Some Birds recently observed in Southern California ; [Phalaropes, Phalaropus fulicarius, P. lobatus and P. tricolor all seen on the mud flats near Wilmington, Los Angeles County]. Condor, XXIV, 1922, p. 184.

1923. Leopold, N. F. Rare and unusual Birds in the Chicago Area during 1922 ; [Steganopus tricolor seen May 20th, 1922]. Auk, XL, 1923, p. 139. Bedford, Duchess of. Grey Phalarope, in Wigtownshire ; British Birds, XVI, 1923, p. 254. Joy, N. H. Grey Phalarope (Phalaropus fulicarius), in Berkshire ; British Birds, XVI, 1923, p. 206. Bedford, Duchess of. Grey Phalarope, in Wigtownshire ; Scott Nat., 1923. p. 4. Stoddard, H. L. Phalaropus fulicarius, Red Phalarope, on Lake Michigan, Oct. 8, 1921 ; Auk, XL, 1923, p. 320. Stoddard, H. L. Lobipes lobatus, Northern Phalarope, common in August and September on Lake Michigan ; Auk, XL, 1923, p. 320. Wilkins, G. II. Birds collected during Voyage of " Quest" (Shackleton-Rowett Expedition) to the Southern Atlantic ; [Phalaropus fulicarius (Linn.), came on board " Quest " in lat. 20 N., long. 22 W., 23 August, 1922]. Ibis, 1923, p. 511. British Birds. Red-necked Phalarope, in Co. Kerry, Ireland; [Reference to A. J. Kennedy's note in Irish Nat., 1923, p. 7]. British Birds, XVII, 1923, p. 43.

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■ 52 THE LITERATURE OE THE CHARADRIIFORMES

Boyd, A. W. Red-necked Phalarope, in Cheshire ; British Birds XVII, 1923, p. 88. Brook, A. Steganopus tricolor, Wilson's Phalarope, in British Columbia ; Auk, XL, 1923, pp. 700-701.

Subfamily TRINGESLE

Genus TRINGA=TOTANUS. Old nomenclature.

Species and Subspecies :— Tringa oerophus ocrophus. Green Sandpiper. - „ „ assami. Eastern form. Tringa totanus totanus. Redshank.

„ „ robusta. Iceland Redshank.

„ „ eurhinus. Ladak, C. Asia. Tringa erythropus. Dusky Redshank. Tringa nebularia nebularia, Greenshank.

„„ glottoides. Eastern Greenshank. georgi. N.S. Wales. Tringa guttifer. Tringa glareola glareola. Wood Sandpiper. Eastern Wood „ „ picturata. Sandpiper. Tringa hypoleucos. Common Sandpiper. Tringa stagnatilis stagnatilis. Marsh Sandpiper.

„ „ addenda. Northern Territories, Australia. Tringa melanoleuca. Greater Yellowshank, America. Yellowshank or „ flavipes. Yellow-legs. Tringa solitaria solitaria. American Solitary Sandpiper. „„ cinnamomea. Western Solitary Sandpiper. Tringa macularia. American Spotted Sandpiper. Tringa incana. Wandering Tatler. „ brevipes. Grey-rumped Sandpiper.

The genera or subgenera Helodromas, Glottis, Pseudoglottis, Iliornis, Rhyacophilus, Actitis, Tringoides, Neoglottis, Heteractitis and Heteroscelus are all included in the above. Note.—Ocrophus is often written Ochropus; according to strict rules, the former is correct.

Literature, 1894. Williams, E. Totanus fuscus, in Dublin Bay; Irish Natural. 1894, p. 224. Patterson, R. Totanus ochropus, in Co. Tipperary in January ; Irish Natural., 1894, p. 68. Styan, F. W. Totanus guttiferus, in Hainan ; Ibis, 1894, p. 337.

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• FAMILY SCOLOPACIDiE 53

1895. Ker, J. Ripley. Totanus ochropus, in Dumbartonshire ; Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., IV, pp. 56-57. Lilford, Lord. Totanus hypoleucus, fig. Col. Fig. Br. Birds, Vol. V, p. 103, Pt. XXXI, June, 1895. Seebohm, H. Pseudototanus guttifer, from the Amoor River ; Bull. B.O.C., Vol. IV, p. xxxv, 1894-1895.

1896. Dresser, H. E. Totanus macularius, figured ; Suppl. Birds Europe, Pt. VIII, pi. 713, p. 317. Dresser, H. E. Totanus flavipes, figured ; Suppl. Birds Europe, Pt. VIII, pi*. 715, p. 377. Dresser, H. E. Totanus solitarius, figured ; Suppl. Birds Europe, Pt. VIII, pi. 714, p. 373. 1897. Macpiierson, H. A. Totanus fuscus on the Solway Firth ; Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., 1897, pp. 219-222. Popham, H. L. Totanus glareola, nesting in old nests of Turdus pilaris ; Ibis, 1897, p. 104. 1898. Grunack, A. Der Teichwasserlaufer (Totanus stagnatilis), als Brutvogel der Ungarischen Pussten ; Ornith. Monatsber., VI, pp. 97-99. Saunders, Howard. Totanus glareola, in Co. Mayo ; Bull. B.O.C., VIII, p. xvi. Clarke, C. K. Totanus solitarius, breeding habits of ; Auk, XV, pp. 328 and 329. Merrill, J. C. Spotted Sandpiper (Actitis macularia) removing its Young ; Auk, XV, p. 52. 1899. Young, C. J. The Solitary Sandpiper (Totanus solitarius), Note on ; Ottawa Natural., XIII, pp. 203-206. Curtis, F. Spotted Sandpiper (Tringoides macularius), in Co. Longford, Ireland ; Exhib. of specimen ; Bull. B.O.C., VIII, p. xxxv, 1898-1899. Shelley, G. E. Totanus stagnatilis, in Nyassaland ; Ibis, 1899, p. 283. 1900. Oberholser, H. C. Totanus totanus eurhinus, n. subsp., Lake Tsomoriri, Ladak, Central Asia; P.U.S. Mus., XXII, pp. 207 and 208,

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries 54 THE LITERATURE OF THE CHARADRIIFORMES

Allen, J. A. Totanus flavipes, in Colombia ; Auk, XVII, pp. 364. Dwight, J. Actitis macularia, Notes on plumage and moulting ; Auk, XVII, pp. 375-379. 1901. Williams, W. J. Wood Sandpiper (Totanus glareola), in Co. Dublin; Zoologist, 1901, p. 390. Shelley, G. E. Totanus ochropus, in Nyassaland; Ibis, 1901, p. 175. Dawson, L. Tringa solitarius cinnamomeus, Auk, 1897, p. 172, refers to Spotted Sandpiper (Actitis macularia) ; Auk, XVIII, p. 272. 1902. Macrury, J. The Green Sandpiper (Helodromas ochropus), in the Outer Hebrides ; Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., 1902, p. 55. Buxton, C. S. Wood Sandpiper, in the Orkney Islands ; Zoologist, 1902, p. 391. Philippi, R. A. Totanus chilensis, melanoleucus and flavipes, figured ; An. Mus. Chile XV, pi. xxix, figs. 1 and 2 (T. flavipes), pi. xxx. 1903. Pearson, H. J. Young of the Dusky Redshank (Totanus fuscus) and Wood Sandpiper (T. glareola) in down ; Exh. of specimens ; Bull. B.O.C., XIV, pp. 31-32, 1903-1904. Rope, G. T. Redshank (Totanus calidris) carrying her Young; Zoologist, 1903, p. 275. 1904. Ticehurst, N. F. Tringoides macularius, in Kent; Exh. of 2 specimens shot May 5th, 1904, in Romney Marsh, Kent; [Exh. by Mr. J. E. Bonhote]. Bull. B.O.C., XIV, pp. 84 and 85. Ticehurst, C. B. Totanus solitarius, in Sussex ; [Shot at Rye Harbour, believed to be the 4th, British example killed of this American species]. Bull. B.O.C., XV, p. 12, 1904-1905. Bailey, F. M. Actitis macularia, breeding in New Mexico at 8000 feet; Auk, XXI, p. 351. Littlejohn, C. The capture of Totanus glareola, in Alaska ; Condor, VI, p. 138. Buttereield, W. R. Occurrence of the Spotted Sandpiper, in Kent, England ; [Reference to the 2 shot in Romney Marsh, May 5th, 1904, and exh. by Mr. J. L. Bonhote at a meeting of the B.O.C. Club. Vide Bull. B.O.C., XIV, pp. 84 and 85]. Auk, XXI, p. 485.

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1905.

Lonnberg, E. Short notes on a collection of Birds from Tianshan ; Arkiv. Zool., II, No. 9, pp. 1-23, pi. i (Totanus totanus eurhinus, pp. 12 and 13, Helodromas ochropus, p. 13). Jourdain, Rev. F. C. R. On the discovery of the nest and eggs of the Solitary Sandpiper (Totanus solitarius) ; [Records that it lays its eggs in the old nests of other birds in Canada], Ibis, 1905, pp. 158-161. Oberi-iolser, H. C. Rhyacophilus glareola (Tringa glareola), in the Kilimanjaro Region, E. Africa; [States name should be Rhyacophilus and not Helodromas']. P.U.S. Mus., XXVIII, p. 838. 1906. Griffiti-i, A. F. Totanus melanoleucus, in the Scilly Isles ; Exh. by A. F. Griffith of specimen shot by Dorrien-Smith at Tresco Abbey, Isles of Scilly, Sept. 16th, 1906 ; [This is believed to be the first time that this species has been recorded from the British Isles or from any part' of Europe]. Bull. B.O.C., XIX, 1906-1907, p. 7 ; Field, Nov. 10, 1906, p. 283, fig. Grant, W. R. Ogilvie. The Birds of Scilly ; refers to the Totanus melanoleucus shot by Dorrien-Smith, vide supra ; Zoologist, 1906, p. 470. Bedford, Duchess of. Totanus calidris (Redshank), in Bedford¬ shire ; Zoologist, 1906, p. 469. Clarke, W. Eagle. Totanus ochropus, on Fair Island; Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist., 1906, pp. 76-77. Mattingley, A. H. E. Tringa glareola, in Australia; Emu, V, 1906, pp. 156-157. Fleming, J. H. Birds of Toronto, Ontario ; Totanus flavipes and melanoleucus, regular migrants; Auk, XXIII, 1906, p. 450.

1907. Etches, A. H. Redshank (Totanus calidris) nesting in Warwick¬ shire ; British Birds, I, p. 159, 1907-1908. Davies, W. Redshank breeding in Warwickshire (Trent Valley) ; British Birds, I, p. 191. Smalley, F. Redshank breeding near Rugby; British Birds, I, p. 191. Seth-Smitii, D. Redshank breeding in Zoological Gardens; Avicult. Mag. Brighton (2), V, p. 274. Saunders, Howard. Totanus melanoleucus in the Scilly Islands ; British Birds, I, p. 16. [Refers to the Tresco Abbey bird, vide Bull. B.O.C., XIX, p. 7, 1906-1907, and Field, Nov. 10, 1906, p. 283, fig.]

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Proctor, F. W. Totanus solitarius, T. flavipes, T. fuscicollis, (Bonaparte's Sandpiper), T. bairdi and T. minutilla breeding in N.W. Canada—Alaska, N. Alberta and other districts; Bull. B.O.C., XIX, p. 37, 1906-1907. Clarke, W. Eagle. Totanus -flavipes, supposed occurrence near Hawick ; [Wrong diagnosis, only a young Redshank]. Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., 1907, p. 118. Lons, H. Totanus ochropus, breeding in N. Germany; Ornith. Monatsber., 1907, pp. 142 and 143 Jourdain, F. C. R. Nesting and eggs of Totanus solitarius, T. maculata and T. bairdi; Ibis, 1907, pp. 517 and 518, PI. xi, figs. 1-6. Osgood, W. K. Heteractitis incanus in Alaska ; Auk, XXIV, p. 340. Cerva, F. Totanus totanus, Eiablage ; Aquila, XIV, 1907, p. 214. Chernel, I. Totanus stagnatilis, in Ungarn ; Aquila, XIV, 1907, p. 181. Ertl, G. Totanus hypoleucus L. feszkek a vasuti toltesen ; [Nesten von Totanus hypoleucus auf dem Eisenbahndamme]. Aquila, XIV, 1907, pp. 323-324.

1908.

Berg, B. Beitrag zur kenntnis von Totanus fuscus L. und T. littoreus (L.) ; Ornith. Monatsber., XVI, 1908, pp. 156-159. Sparrow, R. Black-tailed Godwit and Spotted Redshank in Kent; [Romney Marsh]. British Birds, II, p. 99. Leigh, A. G. Redshank (Totanus calidris), breeding in Warwick¬ shire ; British Birds, II, p. 33. Harrison, T. Change of nesting sites through human influence. The Redshank, etc.; British Birds, II, pp. 99-100. Bedford, Duchess of. Solitary Sandpiper and other Waders, in Kent; British Birds, II, pp. 136-137. Ticehurst, N. F. Solitary Sandpiper, in Kent; British Birds, II, 1908-1909, pp. 170-171. Carroll, C. J. Solitary Sandpiper (Totanus solitarius), a $ shot at Littlestone, Kent, Aug. 15th, 1908 ; Bull. B.O.C., XXIII, p. 25, 1908-1909. [Same bird as N. F. Ticehurst's. Vide supra, British Birds, II, pp. 170-171]. Miller, R. F. The Lesser Yellow Leg (Totanus flavipes), in Phila¬ delphia, Pa. ; Auk, XXV, p. 220. Robertson, J. Nesting dates of some of the Waders ; Note on Totanus hypoleucus; Glasgow Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc., VIII, pp. 77-79.

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Gaillard, C. Les oiseaux des Phosphorites du Quercy, Totanus edwardsi, sp. n. ; Lyon, These fao. sci. ; Ann. Univ. Lyon (nouvelle serie), fasc. XXIII, 1908, p. 128, fig. 37. Matjgatid d'Atjbtjsson. Sur les mceurs de la Guignette vulgaire (.Actitis liypoleucos Bon.); Naturaliste, Paris, XXX, 1908, pp. 67-69. Bladen, W. Wells. Greenshank, in Staffordshire ; British Birds, I, 1908, p. 327.

1909. Harlow, R. C. Lesser Yellow-legs (Totanus flavipes), in Center County, Pennsylvania ; Auk, XXVI, p. 305. Stansell, S. S". S. Two interesting photographs from Alberta, H. solitarius photographed on nest; Bird Lore, XI, 1909, pp. 108-109, figs. 2. Miller, R. F. A late Solitary Sandpiper, in New Jersey ; Wilson Bull., XXI, 1909, p. 225. Arnold, E. C. Wood-Sandpiper, in Sussex ; British Birds, III, 1909, pp. 230-231.

1910. Robertson, J. Spotted Redshank (Totanus fuscus), in East Renfrewshire ; Glasgow Nat., II, 1910, p. 142. Nicoll, M. J. The Marsh Sandpiper (Totanus stagnatilis Bechst.) as a British bird ; [Records the shooting of 2 in Sussex, June, 1909, $, an adult in summer plumage shot June 16th, at a pool of water on the beach to the west of Rye Harbour, 2 days later an adult shot at same place. Specimens in collection of Mr. J. B. Nichols. Species only once before recorded from England, e.g. a specimen at Tring Reservoir, Oct., 1887 ; this was burned in a fire at Lord Rothschild's museum], British Birds, III, 1909-1910, pp. 356-359. Grossman. Neue, noch nicht nachgewies Vogel der Bocche de Cattaro ; [Totanus stagnatilis found there]. Ornith. Jahrb., XXI, 1910, pp. 181-182. Nilsson, R. Ueber schwedische Totanideneier Waldwasserlaufer Totanus ochropus L. ; Zs. Oologie, XX, 1910, pp. 97-99. Nichols, J. B. Spotted Sandpiper, in Sussex ; [A $ Totanus macu- larius in immature plumage shot by Mr. Ayling at Shoreham, Sussex, Nov. 27, 1908]. British Birds, III, 1910, p. 377. Dobbrtjck, L. Aus dem leben des Waldwasserlaufers (Totanus ochropus L.) ; Ornith. Monatsber., XXXV, 1910, pp. 181-187, Taf. i. Buthrlin, S. A. (Russian.) Actitis hypoleucus, empusa in Ussuri Prov.; Mess, Ornith. Moskva, I, p. 268.

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Evans, W. The supposed eggs of the Wood Sandpiper (Totanus glareola), taken in Elginshire in 1853 ; [Prof. Newton believes they were only T. hypoleucus]. Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., 1910, pp. 74-76. Robinson, H. C. Pseudoglottis guttifer (Nordm.), in the Malay Peninsula ; [States that this rare Greenshank which breeds in Siberia and the Amur is common on the coast of the Malay Peninsula], Bull. B.O.C., XXV, 1909-1910, p. 111. Buturlin, S. A. (Russian.) Totanus guttifer, in the Amur Estuary, with description ; Mess. Ornith. Moskva, I, p. 269. Witherby, H. F. Wood-Sandpiper and Ruffs, in Kent in June ; British Birds, IV, 1910, p. 87.

1911.

Clarke, W. Eagle. . Yellowshank (Totanus flavipes), from Fair Isle, Shetlands ; [First recorded specimen from Scotland and 3rd for British Isles], Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., 1911, p. 53. Job, H. K. The Spotted Sandpiper, col. pi. ; Bird Lore, XIII, p. 221. Katin, E. Ja. (Russian.) Totanus ochropus, Lebenweise, Phano- logie, Eier, im Gouv. Kielce ; Mess. Ornith. Moskva, II, p. 4. Nichols, J. B. Marsh Sandpiper, in Sussex ; [Records a specimen of Totanus stagnatilis, a $, shot on Bodiam Marsh, Sussex, July 1, 1910, 3rd record for British Isles]. British Birds, V, 1911, p. 49. Greaves, W. The Spotted Sandpiper (Tringa macularia) in York¬ shire ; [Third example for Yorkshire]. Naturalist, 1911, pp. 100-101, and British Birds, IV, 1911, pp. 319 and 369.

1912.

Compton, M. W. Unusual flocks of Green Sandpipers ; British Birds, VI, 1912, p. 125. Huxley, J. S. A first account of the Courtship of the Redshank {Totanus calidris L.) ; P.Z.S., 1912, p. 647. Alexander, H. G. Green Sandpiper, in Sutherlandshire; British Birds, V, 1912, p. 249. Chubb, E. C. On some Birds in the Durban Museum. Totanus ochropus L., Green Sandpiper, specimen from Natal in Durban Museum ; [Sclater doubts the occurrence of this species in S. Africa]. J. S. Afr. Ornith. Union, VIII, p. 2. Stephens, J. W. W. Redshanks trapped by Cockles ; British Birds, VI, 1921, pp. 224-225, fig. i.

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1913. Hagen, W. Zur Biologie und Faunistik von Totanus fuscus L. ; Ornith. Monatsber., XXI, 1913, pp. 17-22 ; Bemerkung dazu v. F. Tischler, Ebenda, p. 49. Mackay, H. Common Redshank in unusual plumage ; Scott. Nat., 1913, p. 45. PolIakov, G. I. (Russian.) Totanus totanus eurhynus im Gouv. Semipalatinsk; Mess. Ornith., IV, Beilage, p. 255. Reichenow, A. tJber die Gattungsnamen Hirundo und Strix und iiber Totanus ochropus; Ornith. Monatsber., XXI, 1913, pp. 173-175. Hale, J. R. Green Sandpiper and Bar-tailed Godwits, in Orkney; British Birds, VI, 1913, p. 315. Borrbr, C. Green Sandpiper, in Perthshire; British Birds, VII, 1913, p. 120. Fenk, R. Totanus ochropus, in Thuringen Wintergast; Ornith. Monatsber., XXI, 1913, pp. 60-62 ; Bemerkung dazu v. Erich Hesse, Ebenda, p. 79. Turney, H. B. Incubation period of the Common Sandpiper ; British Birds, VII, 1913, p. 86. Schmidt-Bey, W. Flussuferlaufer, Waldwasserlaufer und Wasser- allen als deutsche Wintervogel; [Totanus ochropus, hypoleucus, etc.], Ornith. Monatschr., XXXVIII, 1913, pp. 236-242. Hale, J. R. Green Sandpiper, in Orkney ; British Birds, VII, 1913, p. 174. Mathews, G. M. Tringa ochropus assami, subsp. n. Assam; Austr. Av. Ree., I, 1913, p. 188. Mathews, G. M. Tringa ocrophus assami; Bds. Australia, III, 1913, p. 203. Ford-Lindsay, H. W. Spotted Sandpipers, in Sussex ; [Specimen shot, a Tringa macularia, at Pevensey Sluice, Sussex, May 22, 1913. Another specimen which accompanied it, a $, shot May 24th]. British Birds, VII, p. 58. Smith, D. M. Redshank nesting, in Somerset; British Birds, VII, p. 58. Mathews, G. M. Glottis nebularius glottoides ; Bds. Australia, III, 1913, p. 225. 1914. Ford-Lindsay, H. W. Yellowshank, in Sussex ; [Two examples of Tringa flavipcs, $ and $, obtained at Camber, Sussex, Aug. 15th, 1914. First record for Sussex and 4th for Brit. Isles]. British Birds, VIII, pp. 121-122. Smith, A. F. Notes on the Spotted Sandpiper (Actitis macularia); Wilson Bull. Chicago, XXVI, 1914, pp. 81-86.

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Frohawk, F. W. Common Sandpipers in winter, in Surrey and Essex ; British Birds, VII, 1914, p. 324. Feilden, H. W. Snipe and Redshank nesting, in Sussex ; British Birds, VII, 1914, pp. 330-333. Cheeseman, R. E. Redshanks breeding inland, in Kent; British Birds, VIII, 1914, p. 101. Nichols, J. B. Solitary Sandpiper in Sussex; [Shot at Pevensey, April 17, 1914, 6th recorded British specimen]. British Birds, VIII, 1914, p. 13. Teschemaker, W. E. Has the Common Sandpiper a winter-moult ? British Birds, VII, 1914, p. 269. Ticehurst, C. B. Moult of the Common Sandpiper ; British Birds, VII, 1914, p. 324. 1915. Bentham, H. Redshank nesting, in Surrey; British Birds, IX, 1915, p. 157. Mathews, G. M. Iliornis stagnatilis addenda, subsp. n. N. Terr. Australia ; Austr. Av. Rec., II, p. 126. 1 Jewel, L. L. The diving instinct in Shore Birds.; [Actitis macu- laris, diving when wounded]. Auk, XXXII, p. 227. Nichols, J. T. Spotted Sandpiper and Water; [Comments on Jewel's case, vide supra, and states that diving is a regular habit of the young of Actitis macularia]. Auk, XXXII, p. 368. Mathews, G. M. Glottis nebularius georgi, subsp. n. N.S. Wales; Austr. Av. Rec., II, p. 126. Rathburn, S. F. List of Water and ShoreBirds of the Puget Sound Region in the vicinity of Seattle ; Auk, XXXII, pp. 459-465. Ford-Lindsay, H. W. Marsh Sandpiper (Tringa stagnatilis), on Romney Marsh ; [A pair shot on Romney Marsh, May 25th, 1915], British Birds, IX, 1915, p. 69. Colthrup, C. W. Screened and open nests of Redshanks ; British Birds, IX, 1915, pp. 90, 2 photos. Hendy, E. W. Young Common Sandpipers swimming and diving ; British Birds, IX, 1915, pp. 126-127. Scerbina, M. L. (Russian.) Biology of Actitis hypoleucos L. ; Ornith. and avicult. Moskva, VI, 1915, pp. 305-308, 1 fig.

1916. Ford-Lindsay, H. W. Grey-rumped Sandpiper, in Sussex; [Records the shooting of two examples of Tringa incana brevipes, $ and $, at Rye Harbour, Sussex, on the 23rd and 27th Sept., 1914. First record for British Isles]. British Birds, IX, 1916, pp. 205-206,

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Ford-Lindsay, H. W. Greater Yellowshank, in Sussex ; [Records the shooting of a specimen of the Greater Yellowshank (Tringa melanoleuca) at Winchelsea, Sussex, Oct. 4, 1915, $ in full plumage, 2nd record for British Isles]. British Birds, IX, 1916, p. 213. Witherby. Hand-List of British Birds, new species. Tringa incana brevipes (Vieill.), Grey-rumped Sandpiper ; British Birds, IX, 1916, p. 208. Andrews, W. J. Redshank's nest with eight eggs ; British Birds, IX, 1916, p. 213. Carroll, C. J. Green Sandpipers, in Co. Tipperary ; British Birds, IX, 1916, p. 302. Joy, N. H. Greenshank, in Berkshire ; British Birds, X, 1916, p. 24. Hagen, W. Zur Biologie und Faunistik von Totanus fuscus L. ; Ornith. Monatsber., XXIV, 1916, pp. 69-70. McGregor, R. C. New or Noteworthy Philippine Birds: I. Tringa stagnatilis in the Philippines ; Philippine J. Sci., XI, Sect. D, 1916, pp. 269-277, 2 text figs. Mathews, G. M. Rhyacophilus glareola picturata nom. n. for Eastern Wood Sandpiper, vice R. g. alpinis; Bds. Australia, III, pi. 156, p. 231 ; Bull. B.O.C., XXXVI, 1916, p. 82. Mathews, G. M. Heteroscelus incanus porteri, nom. n. for Grey- rumped Sandpiper, fig. and described ; Bds. Australia, III, pi. 152, p. 212 ; Bull. B.O.C., XXXVI, 1916, p. 82. Berry, W. Spotted Redshank, in Fifeshire; Scott. Nat., 1916, p. 287. Finnila, C. Ett och varje om svartsnappan (Totanus fuscus L.) Lapland; [T. fuscus in Lapland]. F. Jakttidn, XI, 1916, pp. 207-211. 1917. Alexander, H. G. Birds at Dungeness, 1916. Spotted Redshank (Tringa erythropus), in Romney Marsh ; British Birds, X, 1917, p. 263. Attlee, H. G. Unusual birds in Oxfordshire in 1915 ; [Tringa nebularia bet. Godstow and King's Weir]. British Birds, X, 1917, p. 270. Meares, D. II. Rare type of Redshank's eggs ; British Birds, X, 1917, p. 274. Attlee, H. G. Spotted Redshank, in Sussex in winter ; British Birds, X, 1917, pp. 274-275. Bunyard, P. F. Rare type of Redshank's eggs ; British Birds, X, 1917, p. 294.

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Baker, E. C. S., & Jourdain, F. C. R. Abnormal clutches of eggs in Tringa hypoleuca ; Bull. B.O.C., XXXVII, 1917, pp. 24-28. Oberholser, H. C. The birds of the Anamba Islands ; [Actitis hypoleuca aurita Mathews cannot be maintained]. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., XCVIII, 1917 (iv+75), map, 1 pi. Robinson, II. W. Evidence for the breeding of the Green Sand¬ piper in Westmorland in 1917 ; British Birds, XI, 1917, pp. 103-104. Cunningham, J. Male Redshank incubating ; British Birds, XI, 1917, p. 118. Wormald, H. Spotted Redshank, in Norfolk ; British Birds, XI, 1917, p. 118. Butterfield, E. P. " Twin " Nests of Redshank ; British Birds, XI, 1917, p. 140. Robinson, H. W. Evidence for the breeding of the Green Sand¬ piper (letter) ; British Birds, XI, 1917, p. 168. Finnila, C. Totanus stagnatilis Bchst. en for Fennoslcandia ny fagel; Helsingfors Medd. Soc. Fauna et Fl. Fenn., XLIII, 1917, pp. 271-276.

1918. Jourdain, F. C. R. Breeding of the Common Sandpiper, in Oxford¬ shire ; British Birds, XI, 1918, p. 189. Kerr, H. M. R. Green Sandpiper, in King's Co. ; British Birds, XI, 1918, p. 190. Smith, T. Late stay of Common Sandpiper, in Staffordshire ; British Birds, Xi, 1918, p. 235. Owen, 0. R. Redshanks apparently, breeding in Radnorshire; British Birds, XI, 1918, pp. 262-263. Joy, N. H. Redshank breeding, in Berkshire ; British Birds, XII, 1918, pp. 43^4. Nichols, J. B. Solitary Sandpiper, in Sussex ; [7th recorded British specimen and 2nd for Sussex. Shot on Pevensey Marsh, May 30th, 1916], British Birds, XII, 1918, p. 93. Ground, T. The Redshank, in Warwickshire ; British Birds, XII, 1918, pp. 101-103. Oldham, C. Dusky Redshanks, in Hertfordshire ; British Birds, XII, 1918, pp. 117-118. Oberholser, H. C. Mutanda ornithologica, iii, iv ; Totanus fuscus L. must become T. maculatus Tunst. ; Washington Proc. Biol. Soc., XXXI, 1918, p. 47. McGregor, R. C. New or noteworthy Philippine Birds, ii, Totanus stagnatilis in the Philippines '; Phil. J. Sci., P.I., 13D, 1918, p. 8.

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Tischler, F. Vom Friihjahrzuge und Paarungsruf des dunklen Wasserlaufer (Totanus erytliropus) ; Ornith. Monatsber., XXVI, 1918, pp. 117-119. Oberholser, II. C. Solitary Sandpiper (Tringa solitaria), in New Mexico ; Auk, XXXV, 1918, p. 223.

1919.

Carter, B. A. Greenshank in Warwickshire ; British Birds, XIII, 1919, p. 61. Schioler, E. L. Totanus calidris robustus, subsp. n. Iceland; Dansk. Orn. Foren. Tidskr., XIII, 1919, p. 211. Farwig, H. H. Greenshanks in Surrey ; British Birds, XIII, 1919, p. 197. Oberholser, II. C. Heteractitis versus Heteroscelus ; [States it is necessary to reinstate Baird's name Heteroscelus for the Wandering Tattler. The two species of the Genus being Hetero¬ scelus brevipes (Vieillot), II. incanus (Gmelin]). Auk, XXXVI, 1919, pp. 278-279. Ridgway, R. Neoglottis gen. n. for type Totanus melanoleucus (Gmel.) ; [Proposes the name N. melanoleuca and N. flavipes for the 2 American Yellow-legs]. Bds. of N. and M. America, Part VIII; Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 50, 1919, pp. 329-342. Townsend, C. H., & Wetmore, A. Heteractitis incanus and H. brevipes, respective ranges in Pacific Islands ; Bull. Mus. Com. Zool., LXIII, 1919, p. 179. IIanna, G. D. Notes on birds of the Pribilof Islands, Heteroscelus brevipes in the Pribilof Islands new to N. America ; Washington J. Acad. Sci., IX, 1919, No. 6. Ridgway, R. Heteroscelus incanus (Wandering Tattler) and II. brevipes distinct species, latter extra-limital for America; Birds N. and M. America, VIII, 1919, pp. 366-367. Ridgway, R. Tringa ocrophus Linnaeus ; [Ocrophus not ochropus the correct spelling of the name]. Bds. N. and M. America, VIII, 1919, p. 353. Ridgway, R. Tringa solitaria solitaria, Solitary Sandpiper ; T. s. cinnamomea, Western Solitary Sandpiper ; Bds. N. and M.. America, VIII, 1919, pp. 358-365. Ridgway, R. Actitis macularia, Spotted Sandpiper, Bds. N. and M. America, VIII, 1919, pp. 372-377.

Ridgway, R. Glottis nebularia (Gunnerus) ; Greenshank; Bds. N. and M. America, VIII, 1919, pp. 323-329.

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Ridgway, R. Genus Rhyacophilus Kaup., Rhyacophilus glareola, Wood Sandpiper; Bds. N. andM. America, VIII, 1919, pp. 346- 352. Ridgway, R. Totanus totanus, Redshank, accidental western shore of Hudson Bay ; Bds. N. and M. America, VIII, 1919, pp. 343- 346.

Dabbene, R. Actitis macularia, new to Argentina; Pliysis. Buenos Aires, IV, 1919, p. 552.

1920. Stuart, G. H. Nesting of the Greater Yellow-legs in Newfound¬ land ; Auk, XXXVII, 1920, p. 292. Hanka, G. D. Additions to the Avifauna of the Pribilof Islands, Alaska, including four species new to N. America ; Hetero- scelus brevipes ; Auk, XXXVII, 1920, pp. 248-254. Hanna, G. D. New and interesting records of Pribilof Island Birds ; Condor, XXII, 1920, pp. 173-175. Mousley, H. The diving habit and community spirit of the Spotted Sandpiper; Canad. Eield-Nat. Ottawa, XXXIV, 1920, pp. 96-97. Hesse, E. Gervollinhalt eines Bruchwasserlaufers (Totanus glareola); Ornith. Monatsber., XXVIII, 1920, p. 72. Robertson, J. Spotted Redshank in East Renfrewshire; Scott. Nat., 1920, p. 48. Langton, H. Totanus flavipes, exhibition of specimen shot in Scilly Isles, Sept. 2nd, 1920 ; [Also shot by Major Dorrien- Smith who shot the T. melanoleucus, Sept., 1906, got at exactly the same place]. Bull. B.O.C., XLI, 1920, pp. 26-27. Laidlaw, T. G. Supposed Cuckoo's eggs in Sandpiper's nest; Scott. Nat., 1920, p. 70. Thompson, W. R. Large numbers of Common Sandpipers (Tringa hypoleuca) on the coasts of Alderney and Dorset in Summer ; British Birds, XIV, 1920, p. 95. Blathwayt, P. L. Common Sandpipers in Dorset; British Birds, XIV, 1920, p. 141. Bolam, G. Wood-Sandpipers inland in Lincolnshire; British Birds, XIV, 1920, p. 141. Brannon, P. A. Notes on some Shore Birds of the Alabama River, Montgomery County, Ala. ; [Helodromas s. solitarius noted]. Auk, XXXVII, 1920, p. 128. Williams, J. Notes from St. Mark's, Pla.; [Totanus flavipes noted]. Auk, XXXVII, 1920, p. 143.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries FAMILY SCOLOPACIILE 65

1921.

Urner, C. A. Unusual visitors at Elizabeth, N.J.; a partial albino T. s. solitaria seen ; Auk, XXXVIII, 1921, p. 121. Jackson, A. C. On the Occurrence of the Iceland Redshank (Tringa totanus robustus) in the British Isles ; British Birds, XIV,'1921, pp. 280-281. Arnold, E. C. Immature Spotted Sandpipers; British Birds, XIV, 1921, p. 264. Garnett, R. M. Wood-Sandpiper and Ruff in Cheshire in June ; British Birds, XV, 1921, pp. 117-118. Laidlaw, T. G. Green Sandpiper in Berwickshire ; Scott. Nat., 1921, p. 10. - 1922.

Hamond, C. E. Spotted Redshank in Essex ; British Birds, XV, 1922, p. 190. Russell, F. Green Sandpiper in Surrey in Winter ; British Birds, XV, 1922, p. 214. Young, C. G. Green Sandpiper in Sussex in Winter ; British Birds, XV, 1922, p. 274. Urner, C. A. Greater Yellow-legs, Records at Elizabeth, N.J. ; Auk, XXXIX, 1922, p. 413. Jourdain, F. C. R. Breeding of Common Sandpiper in Oxford¬ shire—correction ; British Birds, XVI, 1922, p. 111. Forrest, H. E. Green Sandpiper in Shropshire in June ; British Birds, XVI, 1922, pp. 111-112. Boyd, A. W. Green Sandpiper in Anglesey ; [Seen July 15, 1922]. British Birds, XVI, 1922, p. 112. Gilroy, N. Field Notes and Observations on the Greenshank ; British Birds, XVI, 1922, pp. 129-133. Robinson, H. W. Spotted Redshank in North Lancashire ; British Birds, XVI, 1922, p. 137. Curtler, M. S. Green Sandpiper in Anglesey ; [Refers to Boyd's record, vide supra, and says he himself also saw one Aug. 5, 1921]. British Birds, XVI, 1922, p. 193. Thomson, S. M. Greenshank in Linlithgowshire; Scott. Nat., 1922, p. 174. Mathews, G. M., & Iredale, T. Tringa auriia Latham=the Common Sandpiper, Tringoides hypoleucus, not Heteropygia acuminata (Horsf.) ; Aust. Avian Record, V, 1922, p. 31, col. pi. Gignoux, C. Nesting of the Spotted Sandpiper on the Russian River, California ; Condor, XXIV, 1922, p. 185.

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Hartert, E. Tringa hypoleucos is the correct name of the Common Sandpiper; [As Linnseus spelt the name Hypoleucos, a sub¬ stantive, " the Hypoleucos," not an adjective, we should not alter the gender. For the same reason the Numenius, which Linnseus called " the arquata " of the older writers, must be called Numenius arquata.—E.H.]. " Witherby's " A Practical Handbook of British Birds ; Voi. II, 1922, p. 607. Loveridge, A. Totanus hypoleucos at Lumbo, East Africa (27.7 and 4.9.18) ; P.Z.S., 1922, p. 862.

1923. Taylor, W. P. G. Green Sandpiper in Surrey- in Summer and Winter ; British Birds, XVI, 1923, pp. 288-289. Harvey, G. H. Greenshank in Winter in Cornwall; British Birds, XVI, 1923, p. 289. Walpole-Bond, J. Concerning the Greenshank; British Birds, XVI, 1923, pp. 208-213. Joy, N. H. Common Sandpiper, Wood-Sandpiper, Green Sand¬ piper, Redshank, Spotted Redshank and Greenshank in Berk¬ shire ; British Birds, XVI, 1923, pp. 205-206. Bedford, Duchess of. Green Sandpiper in Winter in Dorsetshire ; British Birds, XVI, 1923, p. 256. Granvik, H. Tringa stagnatilis, T. hypoleucos, T. ochropus and T. glareola on Lake Naivasha, E. Africa; J. Ornith., LXXI, Sonderheft, Feb. 15, 1923, pp. 37-38. Hartert, E., & Jotjrdain, F. C. R. Tringa totanus robusta (Schioler) in Marocco ; Nov. Zool., XXX, 1923, pp. 137-138. Report of the Committee on the Nomenclature and Records of Occurrences of rare Birds in the British Islands and certain necessary changes in the nomenclature of the B.O.U. List of British Birds ; [Third Report: Previous Reports, Ibis, 1918, pp. 234-243 ; Ibis, 1921, pp. 310-316], Ibis, 1923, pp. 424- 435. P. 228, add Tringa totanus robusta, Totanus calidris robusta Schioler, Dansk. Orn. Foren. Tids., XIII, 1919, p. 211, Iceland. Vide also Jackson, B. Birds, XIV, 1921, p. 280; Hartert, Vog. p. F., p. 1611 ; Ibis, 1923, p. 432. Gabrielson, Ira N. A Winter Record of the Spotted Sandpiper for the Olympia Peninsula ; Condor, XXV, 1923, p. 106. Gabrielson, Ira N. Heteractitis incanus, Wandering Tattler, on the Oregon Coast; Condor, XXV, 1923, p. 110. Hendy, E. W. Spotted Redshank in Cheshire; British Birds, XVII, 1923, pp. 145-146.

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Garnett, R. M. Green and Wood-Sandpipers, Spotted Redshank and Greenshank in Cheshire; British Birds, XVII, 1923, pp. 144-145. Street, J. F. On the nesting grounds of the Solitary Sandpiper and the Lesser Yellow-legs ; Auk, XL, 1923, pp. 577-583, pis. 5. Nichols, J. T. Yellow-legs skeletons ; Auk, XL, 1923, pp. 592-595. Mitchell, H. H. Helodromas solitarius in Saskatchewan ; Condor, XXV, 1923, p. 162. Forrest, H. E. Spotted Redshank in Shropshire ; British Birds, XVII, 1923, p. 169. Vevers, G. M. 'A new Cestode, Baillietina (Skrjabinia) bodhini sp. n. from the small intestine of Actitis macularia, the Spotted Sandpiper ; [Specimen shot near Georgetown, British Guiana]. Jour, of Helminthology, I, 1923, pp. 42G4. Brooks, A. Totanus melanoleucus breeding on Porcher Island, B.C.; Auk, XL, 1923, p. 220. Barrow, W. H. Wood-Sandpiper in Leicestershire ; British Birds, XVII, 1923, p. 88. Hale, J. R. Curious nesting-site of Redshank in Kent; British Birds, XVII, 1923, p. 88. Brown, R. H. Unusual nesting-site of Redshank in Cumberland ; British Birds, XVII, 1923, p. 144.

Genus BARTRAMIA Species :— Bartramia longicauda. Bartram's Sandpiper, or Upland Plover.

Literature, 1S94. Lilford, Lord. Bartramia longicauda, fig. Col. Fig. Br. Birds, Vol. V, p. 101, Pt. XXIX, Nov., 1S94.

1898. Clarke, 0. K. Nesting and habits of Bartramian Sandpiper; Auk, XV, pp. 328 and 329.

1900. Allen, J. A. Bartramia longicauda, in Columbia; Auk, XVII, p. 364. 1903. Durfee, O. Massachusetts Breeding Dates for Bartramia longi¬ cauda ; Auk, XX, p. 65.

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1904. Bonhote, J. L. Bartramia longicauda, in Cornwall; Bull. B.O.C., XV, p. 32, 1904-1905. [Exh. of a specimen shot near St. Keverne, Cornwall, Oct., 1883. Recorded in the Zoologist, 1883, p. 495. Mr. B. had recently received the specimen from Mrs. Laverton, of Truro, whose husband, the late Mr. Laverton, had shot it. At that time about 8 occurrences of this species in England had been noted]. 1908. Carroll, C. J. Bartramia longicauda in Romney Marsh, Kent; Bull. B.O.C., XXIII, p. 25. Nicoll, M. J. Pectoral Sandpiper and Bartram's Sandpiper in Kent; British Birds, II, 1908-1909, p. 206. Allen, F. H. Bartramia longicauda at Londonderry, S. Vermont; Auk, XXV, 1908, p. 59. Rockwell. Bartramia longicauda in West Colorado ; Condor, X., 1908, p. 160. 1911. Visher, S. S. Bartramia longicauda breeding in South Dakota; Auk, XXVIII, 1911, p. 10. Saunders, A. A. Bartramia longicauda breeding in Gallatin, Co. Montana ; Auk, XXVIII, 1911, p. 34.

1913.

Mathews, G. M. Bartramia longicauda ; Bds. Australia, III, 1913, p. 234, pi. 1. 1914.

Ford-Lindsay, H. W. Bartram's Sandpiper in Sussex ; British Birds, VIII, 1914, p. 101.

1916.

McWilliam, J. M. Bartram's Sandpiper in Co. Leitrim ; Zoologist, 1916, pp. 194-195. Mousley, H. Bartramia longicauda breeding near Quebec ; Auk, XXXIII, 1916, pp. 65-66.

1919. Bogardus, C. Upland Plover (Bartramia longicauda) in New York ; Auk, XXXVI, 1919, p. 567. Ridgway, R. Bartramia longicauda, Upland Plover ; Birds N. and M. America, VIII, 19i9, pp. 378-385.

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1921. Mousley, H. Three important Records from Hatley, Stanstead County, Quebec; Bartramia longicauda probably breeding near there ; [Nest found seven years previously, vide Auk, XXXIII, 1916, pp. 65-66 vide supraJ. Auk, XXXVIII, 1921, p. 126. Schioler, E. L. Bartrams Klire, Bartramia longicauda (Bechst.) ny for Danmark ; [Shot at Tim, West-Jutland, Nov., 1920]. Dansk. Ornith. Foren. Tids., XV, 1921, pp. 46-47.

1923. Kinnear, N. B". Bartramia longicauda at Tresco, Scilly Isles, Cornwall; [Exhibition of a specimen for Major A. A. Dorrien- Smith shot at the pool, Tresco, Scilly Isles, Cornwall, where the Trinqa melanoleuca and flavipes were got]. Bull. B.O.C., XLIII, 1923, p. 76. Urner, C. A. Notes from Elizabeth, N.J., Bartramia longicauda, Upland Plover seen ; Auk, XL, 1923, p. 141.

ADDENDUM

Occurrences oe Bartramia longicauda in the British Isles

1. Shot near Warwick, Oct., 1851 ; Zool., 1851, pp. 3330, 3338, 4254. 2. Shot near Ballinasloe, Co. Galway, Autumn, 1855, and sent to a Dublin game dealer; [1st Irish]. Manual of Brit. Birds, Saunders, ed. i, 1889, p. 589 ; ii, 1899, p. 603. ?. One said to have been shot at Bigswear, on the Wye, Glou¬ cestershire, Jan. 19, 1855 ; Illus. News, 1856 ? 3. Shot in a field between Cambridge and Newmarket, Dec. 12, 1855 ; Illus. News, Jan. 20, 1856 ; Brit. Birds, Yarrell, ed. iv, 1882, III, p. 441. 4. Shot near Mullion in Cornwall, Nov.,, 1865 ; Zool., 1866, p. 37. 5. Shot on the banks of the Parret, in Somersetshire ; recorded Zoologist, 1877. Said to have been shot 30 years previously ; Zool., 1877. 6. Shot in Northumberland, Nov. 21, 1879 ; Brit. Birds, Yarrell, ed. iv, 1882, III, p. 442. 7. Purchased in Leadenhall Market, said to have come from Lincolnshire, Oct., 1880 ; Zool., 1880, p. 508. 8. Shot near St. Keverne, Cornwall, Oct., 1883 ; Brit. Birds, Yarrell, ed. iv, 1882, III, p. 443 ; Bull. B.O.C., XV, 1904, p. 32 ; Zool., 1883, p. 495.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries 70 THE LITERATURE OF THE CHARADRIIFORMES

9. Shot near Bandon, Cork, Sept. 4,1894 ; [2nd Irish]. Manual of Birds, Saunders, ed. ii, 1899, p. 603. 10. Shot at Bunduff, Co. Leitrim, about 1901 ; [3rd Irish]. Zool., 1916, pp. 194-195. 11. Found hanging in a poulterer's shop at Falmouth, Oct., 1903, Zool., 1907, p. 286. 12. Shot in Romney Marsh, Kent, July, 18, 1908 ; Bull. B.O.C., XXIII, 1908, p. 25 ; Brit. Birds, II, 1908, p. 206. 13. Shot near St. Leonards, Sussex, July 3, 1914 ; Brit. Birds, VIII, 1914, p. 101. 14. Shot at Tresco, Scilly Isles, Sept., 1922 ; Bull. B.O.C., XLIII, 1923, p. 76.

Genus LIMNODROMUS =MACRORHAMPHUS. Old nomenclature. Species and Subspecies :— Limnodromus griseus griseus. Red-breasted Snipe or Dowitcher.

,, „ scolopaceus. Long-billed Dowitcher. Limnodromus taczanowskii. Taczanowski's Sandpiper.

1848.

Blyth ex Jerdon. Pseudoscolopax semipalmatus* ; J. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, XVII (March), 1848, p. 252.

Literature, 1894. Coburn, F. Macrorhamphus griseus in Ireland ; Zoologist, 1894, p. 63. Barrett-Hamilton, G. E. N. Macrorhamphus griseus; Bull. B.O.C., Vol. Ill, p. xviii. Lilford, Lord. Macrorhamphus griseus, fig. Col. Fig. Br. Birds, Vol. V, p. 71, Pt. XXVIII, Sept., 1894,

1897. Butler, A. W. Macrorhamphus griseus, in Indiana ; Auk, XIV, p. 199. 1901. Howe, R. H. A Study of the Genus Macrorhamphus ; M. griseus and M. griseus scolopaceus ; Auk, XVIII, pp. 157-162. Howe, R. H. An additional note on the Genus Macrorhamphus; Auk, XVIII, p. 272. Shelford, R. Macrorhamphus taczanowskii on the Trusan River, Sarawak ; Ibis, 1901, p. 152. * —Pseudoscolopax taczanowskii.

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1907. Ticehxjest, N. F. Red-breasted Snipe in Kent; British Birds, I, 1907, p. 231. 1908. Buturlin, S. A. Pseudoscolopax taczanowskii Nistend im Gouv, Tobolsk, Nasa ochota, 1908-1911, pp. 29-32; im Gouv. Tobolsk Ei, Usakov, Semja ochotn., 1908, p. 600 ; Beschreibung der Eier, id. Nasa ochota, 1908, 12, pp. 116-119, id.

1909. Dresser, H. E. On the occurrence of Pseudoscolopax taczanowskii in Western Siberia ; Ibis, 1909, pp. 418-421, pi. viii. Dresser, H. E." Exhibition of, and remarks upon, the skin and eggs of Pseudoscolopax taczanowskii (Verr.) ; Bull. B.O.C., XXIII, pp. 60-61. Buturlin, S. A. Noch einige Worte uber Pseudoscolopax taczanow¬ skii (Verr.) ; Nasa ochota, III, 1909, 12, pp. 121-122. Buturlin, S. A. Pseudoscolopax taczanowskii Verr. am Irtysch ; Ornith. Monatsber., XVII, 1909, p. 3. Velizanin, A. Neues iiber den bekassinenartigen Wasserlaufer, size, flight, etc., of Pseudoscolopax taczanowskii; Nasa ochota, III, 1909, pp. 115-121. Usakov, V. Weiteres iiber den bekassinenartigen Wasserlaufer, Ereunetes taczanowski, Verbreitung in Siberien ; Semja ochotn. Moskva, 1909, pp. 160-161.

1910. Baker, E. C. S. Second occurrence of the Snipe-billed Godwit in Assam ; (Macrorhamphus semipalmatus) = [taczanowskii]; Bombay J. Nat. Hist. Soc., XIX, p. 994. Sartjdny, N. A. (Russian.) Pseudoscolopax taczanowskii in Turkestan ; Mess. Ornith. Moskva, I, p. 103.

1912. Parkin, T. Red-breasted Sandpiper in Sussex ; (Macrorhamphus griseus griseus) ; [Obtained at Rye, May 2, 1912. First record for Sussex and first occurrence in U.K. in spring], British Birds, VI, 1912-1913, p. 95.

1918. McGregor, R. C. New or noteworthy Philippine birds, ii; Macrorhamphus semipalmatus in the Philippines, structural characters described and nomenclature discussed; Phil. J, Sci., P.I., 13D, 1918, p. 6,

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries 72 THE LITERATURE OF THE CHARADRIIFORMES

1019.

Ridgway, R. Limnodromus griseus griseus, Dowitcher, and L. g. scolopaceus, Long-billed Dowitcher ; Bds. N. and M. America, VIII, 1919, pp. 195-204. 1920. Williams, J. Notes from St. Mark's, Fla., Macrorharnphus griseus, 4 recorded ; Auk, XXXVII, 1920, p. 143.

1923. Leopold, N. F. Rare and unusual Birds in the Chicago Area during 1922 ; Limnodromus griseus, Dowitcher ; [Queries the differentiation of the 2 species griseus and scolopaceus]. Auk, XL, 1923, pp. 139-140.

Genus LIMOSA Species and Subspecies :— Limosa limosa limosa. Black-tailed Godwit.

„„ melanuroides. Eastern form. Siberia, Pacific and Australia. Limosa lapponica lapponica. Bar-tailed Godwit.

„ „ baueri.* Eastern form. Pacific. Limosa fedoa. Marbled Godwit. America. Limosa hsemastica. Hudsonian Godwit. America. The subgenus Vetola is included in the above.

Literature, 1894. Meyer, A. B., & Wiglesworth, L. W. Limosa uropygialis, Talaut Inseln ; J. Ornith., 1894, p. 252. Trowbridge, C. C. Limosa hudsonica, mechanical flexibility of the bill; Tr. N. York Ac., XI, pp. 30-32, figg. 1 and 2. Rickett, C. B. Limosa uropygialis near Foochow; Ibis, 1894, p. 225. 1895.

Dunbar, L. Limosa belgica, in Orkney in September ; Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., IV, p. 56. 1897.

Elliot, E. A. S. Notes on the Godwits (Limosa); Ibis, 1897, pp. 564-574. Ussher,R. J. Limosa limosa in Queen's County; Irish Natural., VI, p. 28. * = Limosa uropygialis—L. novce-zealandice.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries FAMILY SCOLOPACIDdS 73

1900.

Witiierby, H. F. Limosa lapponica, nesting in the Kola Peninsula ; Ibis, 1900, p. 489. Witherby, H. F. Limosa lapponica, breeding in Russian Lapland ; [Exh. of young in down]; Bull. B.O.C., X, p. xliv, 1899-1900.

1901. Sclater, W. L. Limosa lapponica, at Durban, Natal; Ibis, 1901, p. 518. 1903. Pearson, H. J. Young of the Bar-tailed Godwit (Limosa lapponica) from Russian Lapland ; Bull. B.O.C., XIV, p. 22. Clarke, W. Eagle. On the occurrence of Phylloscopus viridanus, Blyth, and other interesting Birds at Scottish Light Stations; Black-tailed Godwit from the Isle of May, —•— ; Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., 1903, p. 24. Harvie-Brown, J. A. Black-tailed Godwits in Tiree ; Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., 1903, pp. 50 and 51.

1904. Kobbe, T. W. Hudsonian Godwit (Limosa hcemastica.) in Long- Island, N.Y., on August 31st, 1903 ; Auk, XXI, p. 79. King, Le Roy. Limosa hcemastica (Hudsonian Godwit) in Rhode Island ; Auk, XXI, p. 95.

1905.

L nnberg, E. Short notes on a collection of Birds from Tianshan; Arkiv. Zool., II, No. 9, pp. 1-23, pi. i; Limosa limosa, p. 14.

1907. Bent, A. C. The Marbled Godwit in its breeding grounds (Limosa fedoa) ; Auk, XXIV, pp. 160-167. Paterson, J. Black-tailed Godwit (Limosa belgica), in Lanark¬ shire ; Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., 1907, pp. 184-185. Harvie-Brown, J. A. Limosa belgica in Barra ; Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., 1907, p. 250. [Refers to a bird shot by the Duchess of Bedfordshire in that island]. Birula, A. Limosa lapponica in Nordsibirien ; St. Petersburg, Mem. Ac. Sc., XVIII, 2, p. 91.

1908.

Patterson, A. H. Incursion of Godwits at Yarmouth ; Zoologist, 1908, pp. 395-396.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries 74 THE LITERATURE OE THE CHARADRIIFORMES

Dresser, H. E. On the Russian Arctic Expedition of 1900-1903, Pt. II; Limosa lapponica, on the Taimyr Peninsula, p. 594; Ibis, 1908, pp. 593-599. Sparrow, R. Black-tailed Godwit and Spotted Redshank in Kent; British Birds, II, 1908-1909, p. 99. Service, R. The Bar-tailed Godwit (Limosa lapponica) as a Solway Bird ; Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., 1908, pp. 85-87. Baxter, E. V., & Rintoul, E. J. Black-tailed Godwit and Great Grey Shrike in Fife ; Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., 1908, p. 53.

1909. Mathews, G. M. Black-tailed Godwit; Limosa melanuroides Gould, correct name for Australian Godwit; Emu, IX, 1909, p. 28. Coburn, F. Black-tailed Godwits in N. Wales ; British Birds, III, p. 30. Forrest, II. E. Black-tailed Godwit in N. Wales ; [A reply to statements in Coburn's paper, vide suprai]. British Birds, III, 1909, p. 60. Bedford, Duchess of. Black-tailed Godwit in Wigtownshire; British Birds, III, 1909, p. 129.

1910. Robertson", J. The Bar-tailed Godwit (Limosa lapponica) in East Renfrew ; Glasgow Nat., II, 1910, p. 30. Warren, R. Black-tailed Godwits in Co. Cork ; Zoologist, XIV, 1910, pp. 34, 116-117. Drummond, J. The Barred-rumped Godwit,Limosanovce-zealandice; Notes as to its habits and migrations ; Emu, IX, 1910, pp. 256- 259.

Seppings, J. W. H. Black-tailed Godwits in Co. Cork ; British Birds, III, 1910, p. 340. 1911.

Ussher, R. J. Black-tailed Godwits in Ireland ; Irish Nat., 1911, p. 200. Buturlin, S. A. (Russian.) Limosa lapponica novce-zealandice, Sachalin, Merkmale ; Nasa ochota, V, 16, p. 10. Mere, M. Ein Beitrag zur Biologie der schwarzschwanzigen uferschnepfe, Limosa limosa L. ; Zool. Beob. Frankfurt a M., LVII, 1911, pp. 237-242. Ussher, R. J. Black-tailed Godwits in counties Wexford, Waterford and Cork ; Irish Nat., XX, 1911, pp. 200-220. Chubb, E. C. The Black-tailed Godwit (Limosa limosa L.) in Natal; Pretoria Journ. S. Afric. Ornith. Union, VII, 1911, p. 80.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries FAMILY SCOLOPACID M 75

1912. Robinson, H. W. Black-tailed Godwit in North Lancashire ; British Birds, V, 1912, p. 249. Duncan, S. Black-tailed Godwit in Yorkshire ; British Birds, V, 1912, p. 308. Jaffrey, F. Black-tailed Godwit in Cornwall; British Birds, VI, 1912, p. 193. 1913.

Ford-Lindsay, H. W. Black-tailed Godwit in Sussex ; British Birds, VII, 1913, p. 120. Mathews, G. M. Vetola, proposed new generic name for type Limosa lapponica L. Eastern barred-rumped Godwit= Vetola lapponica baueri (—Limosa uropygialis=L. novce-zealanclice) ; Bds. Australia, III, p. 191. Hale, J. R. Green Sandpiper and Bar-tailed Godwits in Orkney ; British Birds, VI, 1913, p. 315. Bedford, Duchess of. Bar-tailed Godwits in Orkney ; British Birds, VI, 1913, p. 349.

1915.

Jackson, A. C. Black-tailed Godwits in Caithness and Inverness ; Scot. Naturalist, 1915, p. 68. Chapman, A. Black-tailed Godwits in Scotland in Summer ; British Birds, IX, 1915, p. 188. 1916.

Evans, W. Black-tailed Godwit in Haddington ; Scot. Nat., 1916, p. 70. McWilliam, J. M. Black-tailed Godwits in Ireland; Zoologist, 1916, p. 351. 1917. Cummings, S. G. Black-tailed Godwit and other Waders in Carnarvonshire ; British Birds, X, 1917, p. 189. Robinson, H. W. Black-tailed Godwits in Lancashire ; British Birds, X, 1917, p. 275. Pashley, H. N. Black-tailed Godwits in Norfolk ; British Birds, XI, 1917, p. 119. 1918. Vincent, J. Black-tailed Godwits in Kent; British Birds, XI, 1918, p. 235. 1919. Andrews, H. 0. Bar-tailed Godwit in the Orkneys ; British Birds, XII, 1919, p. 280.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries 76 THE LITERATURE OE THE CHARADRIIFORMES

Forrest, H. E. Bar-tailed Godwits in Shropshire ; British Birds, XIII, 1919, p. 165. Townsend, C. H., & Wetmore, A. Limosa lapponica baueri in the Ellice Islands, discussion on validity of the Genus Vetola ; Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., LXIII, 1919, p. 180.

1920. Vaughan, M. The Black-tailed Godwit; Norwich Trans. Nat. Soc., XI, 1920, pp. 59-65. Turner, E. L. The haunt of the Black-tailed Godwit; British Birds, XIV, 1920, pp. 98, 102, 5 photos. Hesse, E. Uber den Belzflug von Limosa limosa L. ; Ornith. Monatsber., XXVIII, 1920, pp. 52-53. Kirkwood, M. Black-tailed Godwits in Co. Mayo ; (Irish Nat., 1919, p. 108) ; British Birds, XIII, 1920, p. 221. Hunter, D. G. Black-tailed Godwit in Forfarshire ; (Scott. Nat., 1919, p. 198) ; British Birds, XIII, 1920, p. 316. Holder, F. W. Black-tailed Godwits inland in Lancashire; British Birds, XIV, 1920, pp. 64-65. White, W. W. Black-tailed Godwit in South Devon; British Birds, XIV, 1920, p. 141. 1921. Stoddard, H. L. Limosa fedoa, Marbled Godwit, record for Chicago Area : Auk, XXXVIII, 1921, p. 110. Banter, E. V., & Rintoul, L. J. Black-tailed Godwits in Forfar¬ shire ; [Elliot Water and Monifieth Bay]. Scott. Nat., 1921, p. 108. Gladstone, H. S. Black-tailed Godwit in Kirkcudbrightshire ; Scott. Nat., 1921, p. 4. 1922. Matthews, L. H. Curlew-Sandpiper and Black-tailed Godwit in Somerset; British Birds, XVI, 1922, pp. 192-193. Lonnberg, E. Black-tailed Godwit breeding in Skane Prov., Sweden ; Fauna och Flora, 1922, pp. 145-148.

1923. Stoddard, H. L. Limosa hcemastica, Hudsonian Godwit, Little Tail, Brown County, Wis., Lake Michigan; Auk, XL, 1923, p. 321. Harvey, G. H. Black-tailed Godwit in Cornwall; British Birds, XVI, 1923, p. 328. Gabrielson, Ira N. Limosa fedoa on the Oregon Coast; Condor, XXV, 1923, pp. 109-110.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries FAMILY SC0L0PACIDA5 77

Genus TEREKIA. Species :— Terekia cinerea cinerea. Terek Sandpiper.

„ „ javanicus.

Literature, from 1894. 1899. Chomiakoff, M. Ueber das Nisten des Terekwasser laufers (Totanus terekius Lath.) im Kassimow'schen Distrikt des Rjasaner Gouvernements ; Bull. Soc. Moscow, 1898, pp. 191— 196. 1907.

Kobylin, A. M. Terekia cinerea, in Gouv. Kutais ; Tiflis Mitth. Kauk. Mus., Ill, i, 1907, pp. 38, 42.

1910. Reichenow, A. Terekia cinerea, in Deutschland erlegt; Ornith. Monatsber., XVIII, p. 179.

1911. Schalow, H. Terelcia cinerea ; [Notes on, in Europe]. J. Ornith., LIX, 1911, pp. 170-171. 1912. Parkin, T. The Terek Sandpiper in Kent, a new British bird ; [Two Terekia cinerea, $ and $, shot at Brookland, Romney Marsh, Kent, May 23rd, 1912. Another obtained May 24th, and another 9 May 25th, at the same place. First record for England]. British Birds, VI, p. 74, pi. 3. Parkin, T. Terekia cinerea ; Exhib. of specimen shot at Brookland, in Romney Marsh, Kent, May 23rd, 1912. Vide supra ; Bull. B.O.C., XXIX, 1911-1912, p. 118.

1915. Parkin, T. Terek Sandpiper (Terekia cinerea) in Sussex ; [3 shot at Rye, Sussex, May, 1915, a $ on May 26th, a and $ on May 28th. First record for Sussex]. British Birds, IX, 1915, p. 69. 1918.

Blanchet, A. Notes d'ornithologie Tunisienne, Terekia c. cinerea recorded from Tunis ; Rev. d'Orn. fr., X, 1918, pp. 266-268.

1920. Blanchet, A. Notes d'ornithologie Tunisienne, Nouvelle capture de Terekia c. cinerea (Guld.) ; Rev. d'Orn. fr., 1920, p. 155.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries 78 THE LITERATURE OF THE CHARADRIIFORMES

Genus NUMENIUS Species and Subspecies :—■ Numenius arquata arquata. Common Curlew.

„ „ lineatus. Indian form.

„ „ madagascariensis. Madagascar form.

„ „ cyanopus. Eastern form. Siberia to Australia. Numenius tenuirostris. Slender-billed Curlew. Mediterranean. Numenius americanus americanus. American Long-billed Curlew.

„„ occidentalis. Lesser Long-billed Curlew. Numenius pheeopus pheeopus. The Whimbrel.

„„ alboaxillaris. East African form.

„ „ variegatus. Eastern Whimbrel. Numenius hudsonicus. Hudsonian Curlew.

„ tahitiensis. Bristle-thighed Curlew. The genus Phseopus for the Whimbrels is included in the above. Numenius borealis, vide under Genus Mesoscolopax.

Literature, 1894. Aplin, 0. V. Numenius pheeopus, in Buckinghamshire in May ; Zoologist, 1894, p. 266. Herman, 0. Numenius tenuirostris, in Hungary ; Aquila, I, p. 62. Von Zsoter, L. Numenius tenuirostris, in Hungary; Aquila, I, p. 159. Wilson, S. B., & Evans, A. H. Numenius tahitiensis, figured ; Av. Haw., Pt. V. 1896.

Moffat, C. B. Numenius arcuata, migration of ; Irish Naturalist, V, p. 117. Lilford, Lord. Numenius pliceopus, fig., Col. Fig. Br. Birds, Vol. V, p. 135, Pt. XXXII, April, 1896.

1897.

Mackay, G. H. Numenius borealis, notes on the 1896 migration in Massachusetts ; Auk, XIV, pp. 212-214.

1898. Mackay, G. H. Numenius borealis, 1897 migration in Massachu¬ setts ; Auk, XV, pp. 52 and 53.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries FAMILY SCOLOPACID.E 79

1899. Laidlaw, T. G. Numenius phceopus, in the Firth of Forth in Winter ; Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., 1899, p. 113.

1900.

Bidwell, E. Numenius arquata, breeding in Surrey ; Bull. B.O.C., XI, p. 34, 1900-1901. Saunders, Howard. Ditto, exhibited the eggs at the Meeting. Shueeldt, It. W. A remarkable growth on the bill of a Curlew (.Numenius arquata); Ornis, X, pp. 477-479.

1901. Van Schauburg, R. S. Numenius arquatus, an abnormal develop¬ ment of bill; Ornith. Monatsber., IX, pp. 18 and 19, c. fig.

1902. Wickersham, C. W. The Sickle-billed Curlew (Numenius longi- rostris); Auk, XIX, pp. 353-356.

1904. Harvie-Brown, J. A. Whimbrels in " Forth " ; Zoologist, 1904, p. 247. Besserbr, F. von. Numenius arcuatus L. als brutvogel in Bayern ; Ornith. Jahrb., XV, pp. 108-113.

1906. Buturlin, S. A. Numenius tenuirostris, from Barnaul; Psov. i ruzejn. ochota, Moskva, XII, 1906, p. 318.

1907. Braislin, W. C. A correction; Concerning the occurrence of Numenius borealis on Long Island ; [Refers to a statement in the Auk, XXI, 1904, p. 289, that two specimens of the Eskimo Curlew had been shot on Long Island. States that these were only the young of the Hudsonian Curlew (N. hudsonicus)]. Auk, XXIV, p. 341. Chernel, I. Numenius arquatus, in Ungarn ; Aquila, XIV, 1907, p. 181. 1908. Heyder, R. Numenius arquatus in Western Saxony; Ornith. Monatsber., XVI, 1908, p. 98. Thanner, R. von. Numenius arquatus, Ein Sammelausflug nach La Palma, Hierro und Fuerteventura; Ornith. Jahr., XIX, 1908, pp. 198-215.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries 80 THE LITERATURE OF THE CHARADRIIFORMES

1909. Balabin, V. I. Numenius arquatus, Nisten, Gewahnheiten, Wan- derung ; Semja ochotn., 1909, pp. 180-182. Fischer-Sigwart, H. Das Wauwylermoos als Nistgebiet des grossen Brachvogels, Numenius arcuatus L. ; Verh. Schweiz. Naturf. Ges., XCII, Pt. I, 1909, pp. 233-239, and Arch. Sci. Phys. Geneve, XXVIII, 1909, pp. 497-499. Dresser, H. E. Numenius tenuirostris and N. arquatus lineatus nesting in Siberia, eggs taken ; Bull. B.O.C., XXV, p. 38. Usakov, V. Numenius tenuirostris, im Gouv. Tobolsk, Nest, Ei; Nasa oohota, 1909, II, pp. 92-95. Brewster, W. Occurrence of the Whimbrel (Numenius phceopus) off the coast of Nova Scotia ; Auk, XXVI, 1909, pp. 190-191. Thayer, J. E. Eskimo Curlew (Numenius borealis) taken at Newburyport, Mass.; Auk, XXVI, p. 77. Shepherd, G. E. Curlews (Numenius cyanopus) migrating ; Emu, IX, p. 28. 1910. Tracy, N. Curlew nesting in Norfolk; British Birds, IV, 1910, p. 88. Bishop, L. B. Two new subspecies of North American Birds, Numenius americanus parvus subsp. n. ; [Believes that the Long-billed Curlew of Western Canada is subspecifically distinct from the form breeding in Texas, New Mexico and Arizona]. Auk, XXVII, pp. 59-61. Richardson, N. M. Numenius pheopus, note on local name in Dorset; Proc. Dorset Nat. Hist. F. CI., XXXI, 1910, p. 272. Knight, O. W. A recent record for the Eskimo Curlew ; [Records the taking of a specimen at Hog Island, Hancock County, Maine, on Sept. 2, 1909. First record for the Maine coast for many years. A Hudsonian Curlew also shot a few days before]. Auk, XXVII, p. 79. 1911. Nicoll, M. J. The Slender-billed Curlew (Numenius tenuirostris Vieill.). A new British Bird; [3 shot out of a small flock, Sept., 1910, near Romney Marsh, Kent. First 2 in collection of Mr. J. B. Nichols. Has occurred 3 times in Holland, twice in Belgium. First British record], British Birds, V, 1911, p. 124. Alexander, C. J. Whimbrel in Worcestershire ; British Birds, V, 1911, p. 195.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries FAMILY SCOLOPACHLE 81

1912.

Borrer, C. Curlew with a malformed bill; British Birds, V, 1912, p. 227. Harvie-Brown, J. A. Habits of the Whimbrel (Numenius phceopus); Zoologist, 1912, pp. 241-245. Henniger, J. Ein Beitrag zur geographischen Verbreitung dor beiden pazifischen Numenius-arten ; Numenius variegatus and N. tahitiensis ; Ornith. Monatsber., XX, pp. 62-64. Bedford, Duchess of. Cream-coloured Whimbrel at Barra [Numenius phceopus) ; Scott. Nat., 1912, p. 213.

1913.

Mathews, G-. M. Zarapiia, proposed new generic name for type Numenius tenuiroslris (Vieill.) ; Bds. Australia, III, p. 168. Smith, II. H. Note on the ejection of the lining membrane of the gizzard by the Curlew; British Birds, VI, 1913, pp. 334-336, fig. i. Bent, A. C. The Hudsonian Curlew; [Numenius hudsonicus]. Bird Lore, XV, 1913, pp. 59-62, pi. i. Stone, W. A peculiar Hudsonian Curlew [Numenius hudsonicus) in Maine; [An unusually short beak]. Auk, XXX, 1913, pp. 270-271. Townsend, C. W. Some more Labrador Notes ; [7 Eskimo Curlew, Numenius borealis, shot north of Cartwright, Aug.-Sept., 1912, species believed to be practically extinct]. Auk, XXX, pp. 1-10, pls.'ii. 1914. Ford-Lindsay, II. W. Slender-billed Curlew in Kent; [Immature $ shot Jury's Gap, Kent, Sept. 10th, 1914. 4th record for Great Britain]. British Birds, VIII, 1914, p. 150.

1915.

Wood, J. The Curlew in South Africa ; Pretoria J. S. Afr. Ornith. Union, XI, 1915, pp. 20-25. Miller, W. De W. The Whimbrel, Ruff, Buff-breasted Sandpiper and Eskimo Curlew on Long Island, N.Y. ; [Believes this to be the 1st record for Numenius phceopus for the United States]. Auk, XXXII, 1915, p. 226. Beveridge, F. S. Whimbrel in Forth in Winter; Scott. Nat., 1915, p. 94. Coltiirup, C. W. Curlew and Common Snipe nesting in Sussex ; [First record of Curlew nesting in Sussex], British Birds, IX, 1915, p. 98. Swenk, M. H. The Eskimo Curlew and its disappearance ; Proc. Neb. Orn. Union, VI, Pt. 2, 1915.

g

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries 82 THE LITERATURE OF THE CHARADRIIFORMES

1916. Carroll, C. J. Cream-coloured Whimbrel in Ireland; British Birds, IX, 1916, p. 255. Hony, G, B. On the Status of the Common Curlew and the Black Grouse in Wiltshire ; British Birds, X, 1916, pp. 44-46, 67-68.

Swenk, M. H. The Eskimo Curlew and its disappearance ; Washing¬ ton, D.C., Smithsonian Report for 1915,1916, pp. 325-340,1 pi. Usakov, V. (Russian.) Nest and eggs of Numenius tenuirostris Vieill.; Mess. Ornith. Moskva, VII, 1916, pp. 185-187, fig.

1918.

Bangs, 0. Aves : in Vertebrata from Madagascar ; Numenius arquatus madagascariensis L., winters in Madagascar ; Camb. Mass. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., LXI, 1918, pp. 489-511. Oberholser, H. C. Notes on the Subspecies of Numenius ameri- canus Bechstein ; Auk, XXXV, 1918, pp. 188-195, 350-351.

Wayne, A. T. Numenius hudsonicus in South Carolina ; Auk, XXXV, 1918, p. 439.

1919.

Jourdain, F. C. R. The eggs of the Slender-billed Curlew ; British Birds, XII, 1919, p. 213. Goodall, J. M. Breeding of the Curlew in Surrey ; British Birds, XII, 1919, pp. 260-262. Townsend, C. H., & Wetmore, A. Phceopus phceopus variegatus in the Ladrone Islands ; [discussion on validity of the Genus], Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., LXIII, 1919, p. 178. Townsend, C. H., & Wetmore, A. Phceopus tahitiensis (Gmelin) in the South Pacific ; [10 specimens got on Paumotu, Gilbert and Marshall Islands]. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard College, LXIII, 1919, p. 179. Townsend, C. H., & Wetmore, A. Discussion on structural differences bet. the genera Numenius and Phceopus ; a. Bill longer than tarsus, with middle toe, longer than tail Numenius. aa. Bill shorter than tarsus,-with middle toe, equal to or shorter than tail Phceopus. The species of Numenius are larger than those of Phceopus, but there is no pronounced gap between the two groups, as P. tahitiensis and P. hudsonicus form intermediate steps between the larger and smaller Curlews ; Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard College, LXIII 1919, pp. 178-179.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries FAMILY SCOLOPACID/E 83

1921.

Lowe, P. R. Numenius phceopus alboaxillaris, subsp. nov.; Bull. B.O.C., XLI, 1921, p. 110. Mackay, G. H. Hudsonian Curlew and Golden Plover at Nan¬ tucket ; Auk, XXXVIII, 1921, p. 600. Grinell, J. Concerning the Status of the Supposed Two Races of the Long-billed Curlew ; Condor, XXIII, 1921, pp. 21-27.

1922. Brown, R. H. The tenaciousness of the Curlew of its Breeding- ground ; British Birds, XVI, 1922, pp. 167-168. Robinson, H. W. Flocking of Curlews in Summer ; British Birds, XVI, 1922, p. 168. Beresford, R. P. Curlew's eggs in Wild Duck's nest; Irish Nat., XXXI, 1922, p. 72. Hartert, E. Numenius arquata, the correct name for the Common Curlew ; Practical Handbook of Brit. Birds, II, 1922, p. 607. Loveridgb, A. Numenius phceopus and N. arquata at Dar-es- Salaam, East Africa ; P.Z.S., 1922, p. 862.

1923.

Stoddard, H. L. Numenius huclsonicus, Hudsonian Curlew, on Lake Michigan ; Auk, XL, 1923, p. 321. Glegg, W. E. A Note on the Nesting of the Whimbrel; [Breeding in Shetland]. British Birds, XVII, 1923, pp. 70-76. Meade-Waldo, E. G. B. Nesthig of the Whimbrel and Curlew in Shetland ; British Birds, XVII, 1923, p. 116. Glegg, W. E. Whimbrel (Numenius phceopus) at Staines Reservoir, Middlesex ; British Birds, XVII, 1923, p. 143. Robinson, H. W. Large clutch of Curlew's eggs ; [5 in clutch. Jourdain has notes of 8 other occasions on which 5 eggs have been found in the nest of this species]. British Birds, XVII, 1923, p. 146. Chislett, R. The Whimbrel in Shetland ; British Birds, XVII, 1923, pp. 150-154, 3 photos. Chambers, C. B. Large clutches of Curlew's eggs ; British Birds, XVII, 1923, p. 170. Baxter, E. V., & Rintodl, L. J. Large clutches of Curlew's eggs ; British Birds, XVII, 1923, p. 170.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries 84 THE LITERATURE OE THE CHARADRIIEORMES

Genus MESOSCOLOPAX Species :— Mesoscolopax minutus. Lesser Whimbrel.

„ borealis. Eskimo Curlew.

Literature, from 1894. 1896. Sharpe, R. B. Mesoscolopax, n.g., type M. minutus (Gould); Cat. B. Brit. Mus., XXIV, p. 307, 1896.

1918. McGregor, R. C. New or noteworthy Philippine Birds, ii, Meso¬ scolopax minutus in the Philippines, structural characters figured; Phil. J. Sc., P.I., 13D, 1918, p. 5.

1919. Ridgway, R. Mesoscolopax borealis, Eskimo Curlew ; [Classes it with M. minutus. Agrees so closely with it that it seems best to put them together. If not then a special Genus would be required for borealis]. Bds. N. and M. America, Part VIII, 1919, pp. 410-416. Note.—The literature of M. borealis will be found under Numenius.

Genus CATOPTROPHORUS=SYMPHEMIA. Old nomenclature.

Species and Subspecies :—• Catoptrophorus semipalmatus semipalmatus. Willet.

„ „ inornatus. Western Willet.

Literature, from 1894. 1899. Elliot, D. G. On some genera and species ; (Symphemia, the Willet, p. 230) ; Auk, XVI, 1899, pp. 230 and 231.

1905. Richmond, C. W. The generic name of the Willet; [States Catoptrophorus Bonap. (Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, II, Nov., 1827, p. 323) is the proper generic name of the Willet. Rafinesque erected the genus Symphemia for Tringa semi- palmata WUson=Ereunetes pusillus (Linn.), so Symphemia is really a synonym of Ereunctes Illiger, 1811]. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XVIII, p. 75.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries FAMILY SCOLOPACIDiE 85

1916. Grinnell, G. B. Willets (Catoptrophorus semipalmatus) in migra¬ tion ; Auk, XXXIII, 1916, pp. 198-199. English, T. M. S. Notes on some of the Birds of Grand Cayman, West Indies ; [Catoptrophorus semipalmatus fairly common and breeds there]. Ibis, 1916, pp. 18-19.

1919. Ridgway, R. Catoptrophorus semipalmatus semipalmatus Willet, and C. s. inornatus, Western Willet; [Latter similar to C. s. semipalmatus, but decidedly larger, with relatively longer and more slender bill, paler colour]. Bds. N. and M. America, VIII, 1919, *p. 315.

Subfamily CALIDRITDLE

Genus CALIDRIS=TRINGA. Old nomenclature. Species and Subspecies :— Calidris canutus canutus. The Knot.

„ „ rogersi. Eastern Knot. . rufa. American Knot. Calidris tenuirostris. The Great Knot. Calidris minuta. The Little Stint.

„ ruficollis. Eastern Stint. .

„ subminuta. Long-toed Stint. American „ minutilla. Stint, or Least Sandpiper.

„ temminckii. Temminck's Stint.

„ maculata. American Pectoral Sandpiper. „ acuminata. Siberian Pectoral Sandpiper. „ bairdii. Baird's Sandpiper or Sharp-tailed Sandpiper. „ fuscicollis. Bonaparte's Sandpiper. „ cooperi. Cooper's Sandpiper. Calidris maritima maritima. Purple Sandpiper. Pribilof „ „ ptilocnemus. Sandpiper. Aleutian „ „ couesi. Sandpiper. Calidris alpina alpina. The Dunlin.

„ „ schinzii. Southern Dunlin.

9, arctica. Greenland form. or „ „ sakhalina. American Dunlin Red-backed Sandpiper. Calidris testacea testacea. Curlew Sandpiper. „ „ chinensis. Eastern form.

The genera or subgenera Pisobia, Neopisobia, Limonites, Lei- monites, Heteropygia, Limnocinclus, Actodromas, Arquatella, Pelidna and Ancylochilus are all included in the above.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries 86 THE LITERATURE OF THE CHARADRIIFORMES

Literature of the Knots, from 1894. Anderson, P. Tringa canutus, in Tiree in Winter ; Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., Ill, p. 116. 1896.

Campbell, A. J. Note on Tringa canutus, Victorian Natural., XIII, p. 55. 1897.

Butler, A. W. Tringa canutus, in Indiana ; Auk, XIV, p. 199. Feilden, H. W. Food of the Knot; Zoologist, 1897, pp. 232 and 233.

1902.

Finn, F. Tringa canutus, near Calcutta ; Ibis, 1902, pp. 351 and 352. Sharpe, R. B. Knot laying in confinement; Bull. B.O.C., XIII, 1902, pp. 12 and 13. Proud, F. Eggs of Knot laid in confinement; Bull. B.O.C., XIII, 1902, pp. 12 and 13. 1904.

Dresser, H. E. Tringa canutus, nesting in the Taimyr Peninsula ; Ibis, 1904, p. 233. Dwight, J. J., Jr. Tringa canutus, at San Diego, California; Auk, XXI, pp. 78 and 79. Hennington, W. F. Another Ohio record for the Knot (Tringa canutus); Auk, XXI, p. 277.

1905.

Ottosson, O. Erste auffindung der Eier von Tringa canutus ; Ornith. Jahrb., XVI, p. 72. Ottosson, O. The Knot reported as breeding in Iceland ; Ibis, 1905, pp. 105 and 106. Biancht, V. Exh. of eggs and nestlings of the Knot from the Taimyr Peninsula and the New Siberian Islands ; Bull. B.O.C., XV, p. 92. 1906.

Bankes, A. Knot (Tringa canutus) in Wiltshire ; Zoologist, 1906, p. 152. Coward, T. A. Knot {Tringa canutus) inland in Cheshire ; Zoologist, 1906, pp. 76-77.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries FAMILY SCOLOPACID.E 87

1907. Birula, A. Tringa canutus, Nisten in Nordsibirien ; Mom. Ac. Sc., XVIII, 2, p. 80. 1908. Clarke, W. Eagle. Tringa canutus at Fair Island ; Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., 190S, p. 84. Dresser, H. E. On the Russian Arctic Expedition of 1900-1903, Part II. Tringa canutus nesting in the Taimyr ; Ibis, 1908, p. 593. 1909. Nicoll, M. J. Contributions to the Ornithology of Egypt, Tringa canutus, first record for Egypt; Ibis, 1909, p. 646.

1910. Fay, S. P. Knot (Tringa canutus) wintering in Massachusetts ; Auk, XXVII, pp. 339-340.

1911. Buturlxn, S. A. (Russian.) Tringa crassirostris, Sachalin, Ochotskisches Meer, Merkmale ; Nasa ochota, V, 16, p. 8.

1913. Mathews, G. M. Antdiotringa, proposed new generic name for type Totanus tenuirostris Horsf., the Great Knot, or Tringa crassirostris ; Bds. Australia, III, p. 274. Mathews, G. M. Canutus canutus rogersi, subsp. n., Eastern Knot, Japan ; Canutus canutus rufus (Wilson) American Knot, Bds. Australia, III, pp. 270-273, pi. clxiii.

1917. Oberholser, H. C. Tringa canutus L. becomes Canutus canutus rufus (Wilson). [Says American bird is subspecifically separ¬ able from that of the Old World]; Auk, XXXIV, 1917, p. 200. 1918. Riley, J. H. Canutus rogersi in N.E. Siberia; Washington, D.C., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., LIV, 1918, pp. 607-626. Ekblaw, W. E. Finding the nest of the Knot; Wilson Bull., XXX, 1918, pp. 97-100.

1920. Feilden, H. W. Breeding of the Knot in Grinnell Land ; British Birds, XIII, 1920, pp. 278-282, 3 photos.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries 88 THE LITERATURE OF THE CHARADRIIFORMES

Obekholser, II. C. Tringa Auct. versus Calidris Anon. Believes Calidris to be tlie correct generic name ; Auk, XXXV1J, 1920, pp. 451-452. Wetmore, A. The Knot in Montana; Auk, XXXVII, 1920, p. 451. McGregor, R. C. Canutus rogersi and C. tenuirostris in the Philip¬ pines ; Phil. J. Sci., XVIII, 1921, pp. 75-82, 4 pis.

1923.

Wyman,- L. E. The Knot in Southern California ; Condor, XXV, 1923, p. 132.

Genus CALIDRIS=TRINGA=EROLIA. Old nomenclature.

Species other than C. canutus and C. tenuirostris.

Literature, 1894. 1895. Lilford, Lord. Tringa temrnincki, fig. Col. Fig. Br. Birds, Vol. V, p. 87, Pt. XXXI, June, 1895. Davenport, H. S. Pelidna alpina, nesting in Merionethshire ; Zoologist, 1895, p. 275. 1896.

Dresser, H. E. Tringa acuminata, figured ; Suppl. Birds Europe, Pt. VIII, pi. 712, p. 363. Chapman, P. M. Tringa alpina, the changes of plumage ; Bull. Amer. Mus., VIII, pp. 1-8.

1897.

Butler, A. W. Tringa bairdi, in Indiana ; Auk, XIV, p. 199. Lilford, Lord. Tringa minutilla, .fig. Col. Fig. Brit. Birds, Vol. V, p. 90, Pt. XXXV, Nov., 1897. Paterson, J., & Robertson, J. Tringa subarquata in East Ren¬ frewshire ; Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., 1897, pp. 124 and 125. Popham, H. L. Ancylochilus subarquatus, nesting in the Yenesei ; Bull. B.O.C., VII, p. ii, 1897-1898.

1898. Newman, J. L. Pectoral Sandpiper (Tringa maculcita), in Norfolk ; Zoologist, 1898, p. 25. Clarke, W. E. Purple Sandpiper (Tringa striata), nesting in Franz Josef Land ; Bull. B.O.C., VII, p. xxxvi, 1897-1898 ; id., Ibis, 1898, p. 260.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries FAMILY SCOLOPACIDJE 89

Clarke, W. E. Bonaparte's Sandpiper (Tringa fuscicollis), in Franz Josef Land ; Ibis, 1898, p. 259. Pearson, H. J. Tringa temmincJci, on Waigats Island ; Ibis, 1898, pp. 201 and 202. Popham, H. L. Curlew Sandpiper (Tringa subarquata), nesting notes ; Ibis, 1898, pp. 515-517.

1900. Saunders, Howard. Pectoral Sandpiper (Heteropygia maculata), in Co. Mayo, Ireland ; Bull. B.O.C., XI, p. 34, 1900. Hartert, E. Heteropygia bairdi, shot at Rye Harbour, Sussex, Oct. 11, 1900 ; [First British record]. Bull. B.O.C., XI, p. 27, 1900. Dwight, J. Tringa alpina and T. alpina pacifica. Notes on plumage and moulting ; Auk, XVII, pp. 381-383. Allen, J. A. Tringa maculata and T. minutilla, in Columbia ; Auk, XVII, p. 364. 1901.

Salvadori, T. Heteropygia maculata, in Matto Grosso ; Boll. Mus. Torino, XV, No. 378, pp. 15. Henshaw, H. W. Tringa maculata, Pectoral Sandpiper, at Kaalualu, Hawaii; Auk, XVIII, p. 202. Howe, R. H. Sexual difference in size of the Pectoral Sandpiper (Tringa maculata) ; Auk, XVIII, p. 107. [Ref. to note in Auk, XVI, April, 1899, p. 179, on same subject.] Btjtterfield, W. R. Occurrence of Baird's Sandpiper (Heteropygia bairdi) in Sussex, England ; [Vide Hartert, Bull. B.O.C., XI, p. 27, same bird]. Auk, XVIII, p. 190. Nicoll, M. J. Baird's Sandpiper in Sussex ; [Vide Hartert, Bull. B.O.C., XI, p. 27, same bird again. Present author the man who actually shot the bird]. Zoologist, 1901, pp. 31 and 32. Kempen, Ch. Van. Anomalie remarquable chez deux oiseaux (Tringa subarquata, a crested specimen) ; C. R. Cong. Orn. Ill, p. 186. Backhouse, J. Varieties of the Dunlin ; Zoologist, 1901, pp. 91-94. Bonhote, J. L. Varieties of the Dunlin : Zoologist, 1901, pp. 185- 187. Macpherson, H. A. Varieties of the Dunlin; Zoologist, 1901, pp. 187-188. 1902.

Tiiienemann, J. Tringa alpina and T. alpina schinzi, at Rossiten ; J. Ornith., 1902, pp. 202 and 203.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries 93 THE LITERATURE OE THE CHARADRIIFORMES

1903.

Oldham, C. Little Stint (Tringa minuta), inland in Cheshire ; Zoologist, 1903, pp. 392 and 393. Ieby, L. H. Little Stint (Tringa minuta) in the Island of Coll ; Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., 1903, p. 50. Cummings, S. G. Purple Sandpiper (Tringa striata) in Anglesey ; Zoologist, 1903, p. 154.

1904.

Proctor, P. W., & Saunders, W. R. Tringa minuta, eggs, adults and young. Exh. of specimens from Novaya Zemlia, July 7th and 8th, 1903 ; Bull. B.O.C., XIV, p. 41, 1903-1904. Susiikin, P. Ileteropygia acuminata, Horsf., in the Minusinsk district; Bull. B.O.C., XIV, p. 45, 1903-1904. Childs, J. L. Curlew Sandpiper (Erolia ferruginea) in New Jersey ; Auk, XXI, p. 485. Dresser, H. E. Curlew Sandpiper (Tringa subarquata), nesting in the Taimyr Peninsula ; Ibis, 1904, p. 231. Campbell, D. C. Notes on the Dunlin ; Irish Natural., XIII, pp. 39-41. Buturlin, S. A. The correct name of the Pacific Dunlin=Tringa (Pclidna) alpina variegata, Tilesius ; Auk, XXI, pp. 50-53. Howe, R. H. Red-backed Sandpiper (Pelidna alpina pacifica), in Massachusetts in December ; Auk, XXI, p. 277.

1905.

Mearns, E. A. Description of eight new Philippine Birds with notes on other species new to the Islands ; P. Biol. Soc. Washington, XVIII, pp. 83-90. Limonites minutus (Little Stint) at Mindanao ; P.I., p. 89. Oberholser, H. C. Actodromas minuta (Tringa minuta) in the Kilimanjaro Region, East Africa; [States so-called genus Leimonites (Limonites ?) must give way to Actodromas]. P.U.S. Mus., XXVIII, p. 383. Cummings, S. G. Curlew Sandpiper (Tringa subarquata) on the Dee Marshes, Cheshire, in February ; Zoologist, 1905, pp. 145 and 146. 1906. Lonnberg, E. Einigo Nomenklaturfragen. Pisobia Billberg, 1828, has priority over Limonites (Leimonites) Kaup., 1829, and Actodromas Kaup., 1829. Jackson, A. Notes on the nesting of Tringa alpina; Zoologist, 1906, pp. 21-25.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries FAMILY SCOLOPACIDZE 91

1907. Proctor, F. W. Tringa solitaria, T. flavipcs, T. fuscicollis (Bonajiarte's Sandpiper), T. bairdi and T. minutilla breeding in N.W. Canada—Alaska, N. Alberta and other districts ; Bull. B.O.C., XIX, p. 37, 1906-1907. Joubdain, F. C. R. Nesting and eggs of Tringa solitaria, T. macu- lata and T. bairdi ; Ibis, 1907, pp. 517 and 518, pi. xi, figs. 1-6. Arnold, E. C. Tringa maculata, near Eastbourne ; [Exh. of a specimen for Mr. E. C. Arnold by Mr. H. F. Witherby. Bird shot on the Crumbles by Mr. L. E. Dennys], Bull. B.O.C., XXI, p. 28, 1906-1907. Murie, J. Memoranda on the Purple Sandpiper (Tringa maritima) ; Essex Nat., XV, 1907, pp. 33-40. Ticehubst, N. F. Bonaparte's Sandpiper in Kent; [Romney Marsh, June 4, 1906]. British Birds, I, 1907, p. 230. Ticehurst, N. F. American Pectoral Sandpipers in Sussex; British Birds, I, 1907, p. 230. Arnold, E. C. American Pectoral Sandpiper in Sussex ; [Described already, vide Bull. B.O.C., XXI, p. 28]. British Birds, I, 1907, p. 230. Buturlin, S. A. On the breeding habits of the Rosy Gull and the Pectoral Sandpiper (Tringa maculata), nestling figured ; Ibis, 1907, pp. 570-573, pi. xii, fig. 2. Saunders, Howard. Tringa bairdi at Rye Harbour; [Refers to bird exh. by Hartert, Bull. B.O.C., XI, p. 27]. British Birds, I, pp. 15 and 16. Birula, A. Ancylochilus subarcuatus, in Nordsibirien ; Mem. Ac. Sc., XVIII, 2, p. 75. Witherby, H. F. Remarks on the moulting and plumage of the Curlew Sandpiper (Tringa subarquata) ; Ibis, 1907, pp. 218-220. Warren, R. Breeding of Dunlins in Co. Mayo, Ireland ; Zoologist, 1907, pp. 344-346. Aplin, O. V. Tringa alpina in Northamptonshire ; Zoologist, 1907, p. 72. 1908.

Robertson, J. Nesting dates of some of the Waders (Charadriidse) Tringa minuta at Balgray Reservoir; Glasgow Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc., VIII, p. 76. Dresser, H. E. Breeding of Tringa ruficollis Pall. A nest of four eggs from the Delta of the Lena; Bull. B.O.C., XXI, p. 53, 1907-1908. Dresser, PI. E. Tringa ruficollis, Eastern Little Stint; breeding- habits and nest; Ibis, 1908, pp. 489-490, pi. x, figs. 7-9.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries 92 THE LITERATURE OF THE CHARADRIIFORMES

Heyder, R. Tringa temminchi and minuta in Western Saxony ; Ornith. Monatsber., XVI, p. 98. Nicoll, M. J. Pectoral Sandpiper (Tringa maculata) and Bartram's Sandpiper in Kent; British Birds, II, pp. 205-206. Arnold, E. C. Pectoral Sandpiper (Tringa maculata) in Norfolk ; British Birds, II, p. 206. Ticehurst, C. B. Purple Sandpiper (Tringa striata) in the Channel Islands ; [One struck the Hanois Light]. British Birds, II, p. 33. Nicoll, M. J. Contributions to the Ornithology of Egypt. Tringa alpina, plumage in Egypt in January ; Ibis, 1908, p. 507. Buturlin, S. A. Tringa schinzi, Ostseeprovinzen Pistincte Forme. Gefieder, Eier, Nest und Stimme ; Psov. i ruzejn. ochota, Moskva, XIII, pp. 263-266. 1909. Thayer, J. E. Limonites ruficollis in Alaska; [First record]. Condor, XI, 1909, p. 173. Gurney, J. H. Ornithological report for Norfolk (1908), Heteropygia (Tringa) bairdi new to Norfolk (p. 124); Zoologist, XIII, pp. 121-128. Miller, R. F. Actodromas fuscicollis (White-rumped Sandpiper) in Philadelphia, County Pa. ; Auk, XXVI, pp. 427-428. Stubbs, F. J. The Dunlin near Oldham; Lanes. Nat. H. S., II, pp. 243-248. Dewar, J. M. Notes on the feeding habits of the Dunlin (Tringa alpina) ; Zoologist, XIII, 1909, pp. 1-14. Witherby, H. F. Baird's Sandpiper in Norfolk; [Refers to specimen recorded by Gurney, vide supra. Bird shot at Hunstanton, Norfolk, Sept. IQth, 1903. Not recorded at time. M. J. Nicoll, the shooter of the first British Tringa bairdi, examined it in the flesh at St. Leonards on Sept. 19th. Genuine therefore], British Birds, III, p. 29. Grinnell, J. Two Waders of note from Santa Catalina Island ; [Records Arenaria interpres morinella and Pisobia bairdii as occurring there]. Condor, XI, 1909, p. 139. Wood, J. C. Baird's Sandpiper (Actodromas bairdii) in Wayne County, Michigan ; Wilson Bull., XXI, 1909, p. 107.

1910.

Dove, H. S. Sharp-tailed Stints (Heteropygia aurita) in Tasmania ; Emu, IX, 1910, p. 248. Sarudny, N. (Russian.) Tringa subminuta in Turkestan ; Mess. Ornith. Moskva, I, p. 103.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries FAMILY SCOLOPACIDiE 93

Buturlin, S. A. Limonites ruficollis (Pall.) as an American Bird ; [Refers to J. E. Thayer's note in the Condor, Sept., 1909, XI, p. 173. Buturlin himself believes he has seen a skin in Count X. Branichi's collection, of this species, which came from America]. Condor, XII, 1910, p. 44. Nichols, J. B. Pectoral Sandpipers in Sussex ; Tringa maculata shot near Winchelsea, Sussex, April 14th, 1909. $ shot same place April 17, 1909]. British Birds, III, 1910, p. 339. Coburn, F. On some rarer Birds of Staffordshire and their migra¬ tion across the county, with notes from adjoining counties ; [Tringa temmincki, first record for Stafford]. Stafford Rep., IV, Staff. F. CI., XLIV, 1910, pp. 84-128, pis. i-x. Ussiier, R. J. .Temminck's Stint in Ireland; Irish Nat., XIX, 1910, p. 255. Torrey, B. The Pectoral Sandpiper (Pisobia maculata) at Santa Barbara, Cal. ; Condor, XII, pp. 44-45. Birula, A, (Russian.) Arquatella maritima, habits, nidification, etc., in Spitsbergen ; St. Petersburg Ann. Mus. Zool., XV, p. 190. 1911.

Usakov, V. E. (Russian.) Tringa subminuta im Gouv. Tobolsk ; Mess. Ornith. Moskva, II, p. 116. Buturlin, S. A. (Russian.) Tringa ruficollis, Sachalin, Kamt- schatka, Merkmale ; Nasa ochota, V, 16, p. 8. Job, H. K. Pisobia minutilla, Col. PI. ; Bird Lore, XIII, p. 269. Schioler, E. L. Tringa maculata in Iceland; Ornith. Tids., V, p. 147. Jones, R. W. Little Stints in Anglesey ; British Birds, IV, 1911, p. 288. 1912. Moore, R. T. The Least Sandpiper during the nesting season in the Magdalen Islands (Pisobia minutilla) ; Auk, XXIX, 1912, pp. 210-223, pis. xiii and xiv. Hadden, N. G. Little Stints in Worcestershire ; British Birds, V, 1912, p. 308. Clarke, W. E. Some new Scottish and British Birds—On the occurrence of the Pine-bunting, Thrush, Nightingale and Baird's Sandpiper, Tringa bairdi, in Scotland ; [T. bairdi taken on St. Kilda. 1st record for Scotland], Scott. Nat., 1912, pp. 8-10. Taverner, P. A. Two interesting records for Canada. Arquatella maritima couesi (Ridg.), Aleutian Sandpiper; [Taken at Clayquot, Vancouver Island, B.C., May 11, 1907. First record for this subspecies in Canada]. Auk, XXIX, pp. 396-397.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries 94 THE LITERATURE OF THE CHARADRIIFORMES

Zitkov, B. M. (Russian.) [Les oiseaux de la presqu'ile de Yamal Tringa maritima]. Ann. Mus. Zool., XVII, p. 341. Harting, J. E. The spelling of the vernacular name—Dunlin or Dunling ; Ibis, 1912, pp. 211-212. Ford-Lindsay, H. W. Baird's Sandpiper in Sussex ; [Specimen obtained at Rye Harbour on Sept. 16th, 1912 ; 4th example for British Isles], British Birds, VI, 1912, p. 193.

1913.

Mathews, G. M. Neopisobia proposed new generic name for type Limonites clamacensis (Horsf.) ; Bds. Australia, III, 1913, p. 245. Wormald, H. Curlew Sandpiper in Scotland in Winter ; British Birds, VI, 1913, p. 281. Ford-Lindsay, H. W. Purple Sandpiper in Sussex ; British Birds, VI, 1913, p. 281. 1914.

Ford-Lindsay, H. W. Baird's Sandpiper in Sussex ; [Adult 3 shot Rye Harbour, Sept. 23, 1914 ; 5th British example]. British Birds, VIII, 1914, p. 174. Thayer, J. E., & Bangs, 0. Notes on the Birds and Mammals of the Arctic Coast of East Siberia ; Pisobia pectoralis in Eastern Siberia ; Proc. N. Engl. Zool. CI., V, 1914, p. 15. Thayer, J. E., & Bangs, 0. Notes on the Birds and Mammals of the Arctic Coast of East Siberia ; Pelidna alpina, races re¬ viewed ; Proc. N. Engl. Zool. CI., V, p. 17. Ticehurst, C. B. On the races of Tringa alpina; Bull. B.O.C., XXXIII, 1913-1914, pp. 89-101. Ford-Lindsay, H. W. Pectoral Sandpiper in Sussex ; British Birds, VIII, 1914, p. 149.

1915.

Havj.land, M. D. Notes on the breeding-habits of the Little Stint, Erolia minuta (Siberia) ; British Birds, VIII, 1915, pp. 202-208, 1 pi., 5 text figs. IIaviland, M. D. Notes on the breeding-habits of the Curlew Sandpiper ; British Birds, VIII, 1915, pp. 178-183, 1 pi. Hesse, E. Neuer Beitrag zur ornis von Sachalin ; [Tringa alpina variety found in Sachalin Island]. J. Ornith., LXIII, 1915, pp. 341-402. Ford-Lindsay, H. W. American Pectoral Sandpiper in Sussex ; [Shot Aug. 7th, 1915, at Rye Harbour, Sussex. In worn plumage]. British Birds, IX, 1915, p. 97.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries FAMILY SC0L0PACIDA5 95

Moore, J. Little Stint in Cheshire ; British Birds, IX, 1915, p. 157. Baddeley, T. Little Stints and Curlew Sandpipers inland in Lancashire ; British Birds, IX, 1915, p. 157.

1916. Haviland, M. D. Notes on the breeding-habits of Temminck's Stint; British Birds, X, 1916, pp. 157-165. Hartert, E. What is the correct name of the Long-toed Stint 1 [Says Erolia minutilla subminuta]. Nov. Zool., XXIII, 1916, p. 91. Mathews, G. M. Limnocinclus acuminatus rufescens nom. n. for Erolia acuvTinata, fig. and described; Bds. Australia, III, pi. 161, p. 256 ; Bull. B.O.C., XXXVI, p. 82. Hartert, E. Concerning the occurrence of Erolia bairdii in South¬ west Africa ; Nov. Zool., XXIII, 1916, p. 91.

1917. Dixon, J. The Home Life of the Baird Sandpiper ; Condor, XIX, 1917, pp. 77-84, map, 5 photos. Gianini, C. A. Some Alaska Peninsula Bird Notes; Pisobia minutilla. in Alaska ; Auk, XXXIV, 1917, p. 399. Nichols, J. B. Bonaparte's Sandpiper in Sussex ; [A male Erolia fuscicollis shot at Rye, April 14th, 1916]. British Birds, XI, '1917, p. 68. 1918. Holmes, H. Little Stint in Outer Hebrides; Scott. Nat., 1918, p. 102. Boyd, A. W. Curlew Sandpiper inland in S. Lancashire ; British Birds, XII, 1918, p. 48. Beveridge, F. S. Little Stints in Outer Hebrides; Scott. Nat., 1918, p. 216. Hartert, E. Types of Birds in the Tring Museum. A. Types in the Brehm collection ; Pelidna schinzii status discussed ; Nov. Zool., XXV, 1918, p. 53.

1919. Williams, J. Pelidna alpina sakhalina, Red-backed Sandpiper at St. Mark's, Fla. ; Auk, XXXVI, 1919, p. 586. Reichbnow, A. Tringa maculaia auf Samoa, Neue arten ; J. Ornith., LXVII, 1919, pp. 333-335. Laubmann, A. Zur nomenklatur des Alpenstrandlufears ; [Tringa pygmcea, Schinz is the correct name for the Dunlin (T. alpina auct.)]. Ornith. Monatsber., XXVII, 1919, pp. 127-129.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries 96 THE LITERATURE OF THE CHARADRIIFORMES

Townsend, C. H., & Wetmore, A. Pisobia acuminata (Horsfield) in the South Pacific ; [3 specimens secured at Taritari, Gilbert Islands, Jan. 6,1900]. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard College, LXIII, 1919, p. 182. Ridgway, R. Genus Arquatella Baird. Arquatella maritima (Brunnich), Purple Sandpiper; A. ptilocnemus ptilocnemus (Coues), Pribilof Sandpiper ; A. p. couesi (Ridgway), Aleutian Sandpiper ; Birds, N. and M. America, VIII, 1919, pp. 238-249. Ridgway, R. Genus Pelidna Cuvier. Pelidna alpina alpina (Linnaeus), Common Dunlin; P. a. sakhalina (Vieillot), American Dunlin or Red-backed Sandpiper ; Bds. N. and M. America, VIII, 1919, pp. 256-265. Ridgway, R. Genus Pisobia Billberg. Recognizes the following species : P. maculata, acuminata, bairdi, fuscicollis, cooperi, ruficollis, minutilla and subminuta for America ; Bds. N. and M. America, VIII, 1919, p. 266. Ridgway, R. Pisobia subminuta (Middendorf), the Long-toed Stint; [Gives name as subminuta not damacensis Auct.]. Bds. N. and M. America, VIII, 1919, p. 300.

1920.

Bentham, H. Little Stint in Surrey ; British Birds, XIII, 1920, p. 220. Bobbeb, C. Late Autumn Waders in Norfolk ; Erolia minuta minuta and E. ferruginea (Curlew Sandpiper) seen ; British Birds, XIV, 1920, p. 164. Bbannon", P. A. Notes on some Shore Birds of the Alabama River, Montgomery County, Ala. ; Pisobia minutilla, Least Sand¬ piper noted ; Auk, XXXVII, p. 128. Williams, J. Notes from St. Mark's, Fla.; Pisobia minutilla, Least Sandpiper recorded, 30 seen ; Auk, XXXVII, 1920, p. 143. Williams, J. Notes from St. Mark's, Fla.; Pelidna alpina sakhalina recorded ; Auk, XXXVII, 1920, p. 143. Hartert, E. The Birds of the Commander Islands ; Erolia mari¬ tima quarta subsp. n.; Nov. Zool., XXVII, 1920, p. 137.

1921.

Joukdain, F. C. R. Erolia alpina nesting on Spitsbergen proper ; Bull. B.O.C., XLII, p. 5. Gowanlocic, J. N. A late record for the Red-backed Sandpiper {Pelidna alpina sakhalina) ; Auk, XXXVIII, 1921, p. 273. Hanna, G. D. The Pribilof Sandpiper ; (Arquatella ptilocnemis) ; Condor, XXIII, 1921, pp. 50-57, 1 photo.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries FAMILY SCOLOPACIDAE 97

Mailliard, J., & Hanna, G. D. New Birds Records for N. America, with notes on the Pribilof Island List. Notes on Arquatella maritima couesi, Aleutian Sandpiper ; Condor, XXllI, 1921; p. 94. Stoney, C. V. Dunlin (Galidris alpina alpina) breeding in Co. Fermanagh; [New record for the county]. British Birds, XVI, 1923, p. 298. 1922. Arnold, E. C. Possible Bonaparte's Sandpiper in Sussex ; [Bird seen only, not shot. Author believes it was Erolia fuscicollis]. British Birds, XVI, 1922, p. 87. Anthony, A. W. The Sharp-tailed Sandpiper in Southern Cali¬ fornia (Pisobia aurita) ; Auk, XXXIX, 1922, p. 106. McNeil, G. M. The Purple Sandpiper (Arquatella maritima) at Ithaca, N.Y.; Auk, XXXIX, 1922, p. 106. Meinertzhagen, A. C., & R. Curlew Sandpiper and Ortolan Bunt¬ ing in Ross-shire ; Scott. Nat., 1922, p. 165. Chambers, C. B. Little Stint in Derbyshire ; British Birds, XVI, 1922, p. 167. Matthews, L. H. Curlew Sandpiper and Black-tailed Godwit in Somerset; British Birds, XVI, 1922, pp. 192-193. Beckmann, H. 0. Galidris a. alpina (L.) and C. a. pygmcea (Schinz) in Schwansen, South Schleswig ; Ornith. Monatsber., 1922, p. 100. Schioler, E. L. Nogle Tilfojelser og Bemaerkninger Til Listen over Danmarks Fugle ; [Races of Dunlins described, Erolia alpina alpina, E. a. sakhalina, American Dunlin (Red-backed Sand¬ piper), E. a. schinzii, E. a. arctica (Schioler) breeds in Greenland]. Dansk. Ornith. Foren. Tids. ; XVI, 1922, pp. 6-20. Loveridge, A. Tringa subarquata and T. minuta in East Africa ; P.Z.S., 1922, p. 862. 1923. Joy, N. H. Dunlin, Curlew Sandpiper and Little Stint in Berk¬ shire ; British Birds, XVI, 1923, pp. 204-205. Mathews, G. M., & Iredale, T. More Notes of Interest; the name of the Curlew Sandpiper ; [Say ferruginea may have to give place to testacea]. Austral. Avian Record, V, 1923, pp. 53-54. Meinertzhagen, A. C. The Subspecies of the Dunlin, with special reference to those found in the British Isles ; Erolia alpina alpina, E. a. schinzii (Brehm), E. a. arctica (Schioler) ; [States E. a. schinzii is the form that breeds in England]. Scott. Nat. 1923, pp. 21-23. Granvik, H. Erolia minuta minuta at Lake Naivasha, E. Africa ; J. Ornith., LXXI, Sonderheft, Feb. 15, 1923, p. 38. h

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries 98 THE LITERATURE OF THE CHARADRIIFORMES

Hartert, E., & Johrdain, F. C. R. Calidris alpina alpina and C. a. schinzii (Brehm) in Marocco ; Nov. Zool., XXX, 1923, pp. 136-137. Hartert, E., & Jotjrdain, F. C. R. Calidris ferruginea, C. minuta, C. temmincki, C. canutus canutus, C. maritima maritima, in Marocco ; Nov. Zool., XXX, 1923, pp. 136-137. Griscom, L. Baird's Sandpiper in Duchess County, N.Y., with re¬ marks on its identification in Life ; Auk, XL, 1923, pp. 529-530. Mathews, G. M. The name of the Curlew Sandpiper; [Says the specific name must he Erolia testacea (Vroeg) (Check List, p. 44, Sp. 139). Scolopax testacea Vroeg (ex Pallas M.S.), Catal. d'Ois, Adumb., p. 6 (before Sept. 22), 1764, Holland, Europe. Extra-

limital]. „ [This change is necessary as Tringa ferruginea Brunnich, Orn. Boreal, p. 53 (pref. Feb. 20), 1764, is anticipated by Tringa ferrugineus Pontoppidan, Danske Atlas, Vol. I, p. 625, pref. March 31, 1763, which includes both Knot and Curlew Sandpiper ; probably more applicable to the former.] Aust. Av. Rec., V, 1923, p. 34. Mathews, G. M. Erolia testacea chinensis ; Australian subspecific name of the Curlew Sandpiper ; Aust. Av. Rec., V, 1923, p. 34. Coward, T. A. Little Gulls and Little Stint in Norfolk in June ; British Birds, XVII, 1923, p. 66. Robinson, C. Little Stints in Orkney ; Scott. Nat., 1923, p. 134. Meinertzhagen, A. C. The Subspecies of the Dunlin ; [Correc¬ tions]. Scott. Nat., 1923, p. 95. Haviland, M. D. Nesting of the Curlew Sandpiper ; [Extracts by Editor of the Oologist's Record from Miss Haviland's book, " A Summer on the Yenesei"]. Oologist's Record, III, 1923, pp. 65-68. Clarke, W. E. Little Stints in Orkney in Winter ; [Does not think that the flock of 300 small Waders, seen on Loch Harray on 27th Feb., 1905, and recorded in the Scottish Naturalist, 1923, p. 134, as Little Stints, could have been this species]. Scott. Nat., 1923, p. 162.

Genus PHILOMACHUS=MACHETES=PAY ONCELLA. Old Species : nomenclature. Philomachus pugnax. The Ruff. Literature, from 1894. 1895. 1896. Rickett, C. B., & De la Touciie, J. D. Machetes pugnax in China ; Ibis, 1896, p. 493.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries FAMILY SCOLOPACIDZE 99

1900. Patten, C. J. Machetes pugnax, distribution in Ireland; Irish Natural., IX, pp. 187-209, pi. 6.

1902.

Chapman, Abel. White-ruffed type of Ruff ; Ibis, 1902, pp. 676 and 677. Finn, F. Abrupt variation in Indian Birds ; White-headed form of Pavoncella pugnax ? a subspecies, P. pugnax leucoprora n. subsp. ; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal (2), LXXI, p. 84, 1902. Paterson, J., & Robinson, J. Ruff (Machetes pugnax) in East Renfrewshire ; Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., 1902, p. 55.

1903.

St. Quintin, W. H. Pavoncella pugnax, breeding in Confinement; Avicult. Mag. (2), I, pp. 400 and 401. Finn, F. Albinism in the Ruff (Pavoncella pugnax) ; P.Z.S. Loud., 1903, II, pp. 3 and 4. 1904. King, Le Roy. Pavoncella pugnax in Rhode Island ; Auk, XXI, p. 85. 1905. Thayer, J. E. The Ruff at Camden, Maine ; Auk, XXII, p. 409. Deane, R. The Ruff (Pavoncella pugnax) in Indiana, with its North American Records ; Auk, XXII, pp. 410 and 411.

1906. Palmer, T. S. Additional American Records of the Ruff; Auk, XXIII, p. 98. Nelson, T. H. Ruff nesting in Yorkshire ; Ibis, 1906, pp. 735 and 736. Selotjs, E. Sexual selection in Birds and Diary of the breeding- habits of the Ruff (Machetes pugnax); Zoologist, 1906, pp. 201- 219, 285-294, 419-428.

1907.

Turner, E. L. The reappearance of the Ruff as a nesting species in Norfolk ; British Birds, I, pp. 65-68, 1907-1908.

1908.

Macnamara, H. V. Ruff in Co. Clare ; British Birds, II, p. 208 ; Field, 12, IX, 1908, p. 514.

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1909. Thayer, J. E. Capture of the Ruff at Seabrook, N.H. ; Auk, XXVI, p. 77. Turner, E. L. Ruffs in Norfolk ; British Birds, III, 1909, pp. 29- 30. 1910. Ingram, C. Reeve in Gloucestershire; Zoologist, XIV, 1910, pp. 159-160. Robertson, J. Ruff in East Renfrew ; Glasgow Nat., II, 1910, p. 142. Witherby, H. F. Wood Sandpiper and Ruffs in Kent in June; British Birds, IV, 1910, p. 87.

1911. Egorov, G. A. (Russian.) [Die kampfschnepfe am Azow'schen Meere]. Semja Ocliotn. Moskva, IV, p. 345. Ziticov, B. M. (Russian.) [Ueber das Nisten des Kampflaufers im Gouvernement Simbirsk]. Mess. Ornith. Moskva, II, p. 118. Solomirskij, D. (Russian and French.) [Notice sur le plumage de noce du Combattant ordinaire (Machetes pugnax)]. Ekaterin¬ burg Bull. Soc. oural. nat., XXXI, 1911, pp. 127-128.

1915. Lowe, P. R. Studies on the Charadriiformes : i. On the systematic position of the Ruff (Machetes pugnax) and the semipalmated Sandpiper (Ereuneles pusillus) together with a review of some osteological characters which differentiate the Eroliince (Dunlin group) from the Trmgince (Redshank group) ; Ibis, 1915, pp. 609-616, 2 text figs. Miller, W. De W. The Whimbrel, Ruff, Buff-breasted Sandpiper and Eskimo Curlew on Long Island, N.Y. ; Auk, XXXII, 1915, p. 226. 1916.

Masefield, J. R. B. Reeve in Staffordshire ; British Birds, IX, 1916, p. 212. 1917.

Edwards, L. A. C. Reeve in Cornwall in March ; British Birds, XI, 1917, p. 140. 1919. Mullens, W. H. The Ruff, an early record ; British Birds, XIII, 1919, pp. 13-20. Oberholser, H. C. The proper generic name of the Ruff ; [Agrees that this is Philomachus pugnax L.]. Auk, XXXVI, 1919, p. 278.

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1920. Turner, E. L. Some notes on the Ruff ; British Birds, XIV, 1920, pp. 146-153, 6 photos. 1921. Gladstone, H. S. The Ruff, an early record ; British Birds, XIV, 1921, pp. 259-260. Mellor, J. E. M. Ruff feeding upon grain; British Birds, XV, 1921, pp. 21-22. Garnett, R. M. Wood Sandpiper and Ruff in Cheshire in June ; British Birds, XV, 1921, pp. 117-118. Whish, F. IJ. L. Ruff in Gloucestershire ; British Birds, XV, 1921, p. 142.* Mellor, J. E. M. A note on the Ruff, Machetes pugnax, a bird found at Wad Medani, Sudan ; Sudan Notes Rec. Khartoum, IV, 1921, pp. 195-198. 1922. Boyd, A. W. Ruffs in Spring and Shovelers nesting in Cheshire ; British Birds, XVI, 1922, pp. 86-87. Boyd, A. W. Ruff nesting in Norfolk ; British Birds, XVI, 1922, p. 86. Forrest, H. E. Ruff in Shropshire ; [Shot Aug. 26, 1922 ; third record for Shropshire]. British Birds, XVI, 1922, p. 137.

1923. Joy, N. H. Ruffs in Berkshire ; British Birds, XVI, 1923, p. 204. Armstrong, E. On the feeding habits of the Ruff ; British Birds, XVII, 1923, pp. 113-114. Beveridge, G. Ruff in North Uist; Scott. Nat., 1923, p. 152.

Genus EREUNETES Species Ereunetes pusillus. Semi-palmated Sandpiper. „ mauri. Western Sandpiper.

Literature, from 1894. 1900. Allen, J. A. Ereunetes pusillus, in Colombia ; Auk, XVII, p. 364.

1906. Allen, J. A. The name of the Western Sandpiper (Ereunetes occidentalis ~La,wr.—E. mauri Gundlach (ex. Bp.) ; Auk, XXIII, pp. 97-98,

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1907. Ticehurst, N. P. The Semi-palmated Sandpiper (Ereunetes pusillus) in Kent. A new British and European Bird ; [Specimen the only one recorded from England, shot in Romney Marsh, Kent, Sept. 17th, 1907. Immature bird in Autumn plumage]. British Birds, I, 1907-1908, p. 223.

1911. Job, H. K. Ereunetes pusillus, Col. PI.; Bird Lore, XIII, p. 269.

1915. Lowe, P. R. Studies on the Charadriiformes : i. On the systematic position of the Ruff (Machetes pugnax) and the Semi-palmated Sandpiper (Ereunetes pusillus) together with a review of some osteological characters which differentiate the Eroliince (Dunlin group) from the Tringince (Redshank group) ; Ibis, 1915, pp. 609-616, 2 text figs. 1919. Ridgway, R. Genus Ereunetes. E. pusillus and E. mauri; Bds. N. and M. America, VIII, 1919, pp. 209-218. Williams, J. Ereunetes mauri, Western Sandpiper at St. Mark's, Fla. ; Auk, XXXVI, 1919, p. 587.

1920. Branyon, P. A. Notes on some Shore Birds of the Alabama River, Montgomery County, Ala. ; [Ereunetes pusillus noted]. Auk, XXXVII, 1920, p. 128.

1923. Shaw, William T. Record of Semi-palmated Sandpiper on Mount Rainer, Washington ; Condor, XXV, 1923, p. 109.

Genus LIMICOLA

Species and Subspecies :— Limicola falcinellus falcinellus. Broad-billed Sandpiper. „„ sibirica. Eastern broad-billed Sandpiper.

Literature, from 1894. 1901. Edwards, L. A. Curtis. Broad-billed Sandpiper (Limicola platy- rhyncha) in Kent; Zoologist, 1901, p. 390. Butterfield, W. R. Occurrence of the Broad-billed Sandpiper (Limicola platyrhyncha) in Sussex ; Zoologist, 1901, p. 390.

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1904. Nicoll, M. J. Limicola platyrhyncha, in Sussex; [Shot at Rye, Sussex, 29th August, 1904, immature female. Fifth record for Sussex], Bull. B.O.C., XV, p. 12.

1907.

Kobylin, A. M. Limicola platyrhyncha, in Gouv. Kutais ; Tiflis, Mitth. Kauk. Mus., Ill, i, 1907, pp. 37 R., 41 D.

1910. Detmers, E. Limicola platyrhyncha, in Hannover; Ornith. Monatschr., XXXV, 1910, pp. 235-236. Nichols, J. B. Broad-billed Sandpiper, in Sussex ; [ Limicola 'platyrhyncha shot at Rye Harbour, Sussex, Sept. 3rd, 1909]. British Birds, III, 1910, p. 257.

1912. Berry, W. Broad-billed Sandpiper (Limicola platyryhncha) in Fifeshire ; [First record for Scotland and 16th for British Isles. Shot at Morton Lochs, near Tentsmuir]. Scott. Nat., 1912, pp. 212-213. Mathews, G. M. Additions and corrections to my Reference List to the Birds of Australia. Limicola falcinellus sibirica, first record for Australia; [Believes name L. platyrhyncha should be L. falcinellus, and that the Eastern form should be separated from the European, as L. f. sibirica]. Austral. Av. Rec., I, p. 31. Note.'—Dresser has already proposed the name L. sibirica, P.Z.S., 1876, p. 674. Sharpe doubts if they are distinct; Cat. of the Limicolse, Brit. Mus., Vol. XXIV, pp. 614-615. Best separated as races therefore. L. f. falcinellus and L. f. sibirica. 1919.

Oberholser, H. C. The proper name for Limicola platyrhyncha (Temminck) ; [Agrees that L. falcinella is the proper name], Washington Proc. Biol. Soc., XXXII, 1919, p. 140.

1923.

Stendall, J. A. S. Rare Birds in the Belfast Municipal Collection ; [The only Irish example of the Broad-billed Sandpiper (Limicola platyrhyncha is there]. Reprint fr. " Northern Whig " news- [ paper, Belfast,. 1923,

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Genus EURYNORHYNCHUS Species :— Eurynorhynchus pygmeus. Spoon-billed Sandpiper.

Literature, from 1894. Styan, F. W. Eurynorhynchus pygmceus, Shanghai; Ibis, 1894, p. 336. 1895. Seebohm, H. Eurliinorhynchus pygmceus, from the Amoor River ; Bull. B.O.C., IV, p. xxxv, 1894-1895.

1911. Tiiayer, J. E. Eggs of the Spoonbill Sandpiper (Eurynorhynchus pygmeus) ; [First nest and eggs taken in E. Siberia]. Auk, XXVIII, p. 153, pis. ii-iii.

1912. Buturlin, S. A. (Russian.) Breeding grounds of Eurynorhynchus pygmceus L.; Mess. Ornith. Moskva, III, 1912, pp. 54-56.

1918. Dixon, J. The nesting grounds and nesting habits of the Spoon- billed Sandpiper ; Auk, XXXV, 1918, pp. 388-404, 1 pi.

1919. Ridgway, R. Eurynorhynchus pygmeus, Spoonbilled Sandpiper, Bds. N. and M. America, VIII, 1919, pp. 302-307.

Genus TRYNGITES Species:— Tryngites subruficollis. Buff-breasted Sandpiper.

Literature, from 1894. 1900. Allen, J. A. Tryngites subrificollis, in Colombia; Auk, XVII, p. 364. 1908. Haigh, C. II. C. Buff-breasted Sandpiper (Tryngites rufescens) in Lincolnshire ; [Specimen shot on foreshore of North Cotes, Sept. 20th, 1906. Author believes it to be the first specimen got in Lincolnshire], British Birds, II, 1908-1909, p. 241.

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1915. Miller, W. De W. The Whimbrel, Ruff, Buff-breasted Sandpiper and Eskimo Curlew on Long Island, N.Y. ; Auk, XXXII, 1915, p. 226. 1917.

Bowles, J. H. Two new records for the State of Washington ; [:Tryngites subrufwollis first record there]. Condor, XIX, 1917, p. 187. 1921. Lewis, G. P. Occurrence of the Buff-breasted Sandpiper (Tryngites subruficollis) in Chicago Parks ; Auk, XXXVIII, 1921, p. 600.

1923. Doolittle, E. A. Occurrence of Buff-breasted Sandpiper in Lake Co., Ohio ; Auk, XL, 1923, pp. 691-692.

Genus CROCETHIA=CALIDRIS. Old nomenclature. Species :— Crocethia alba. Sanderling.

Literature, from 1894. 1896. Chapman, F. M. Calidris arenaria, notes on the changes of plumage; Bull. Amer. Mus., VIII, pp. 1-8. Millais, J. G. On the change of birds to Spring plumage without a moult. Calidris arenaria, etc.; Ibis, 1896, pp. 455-457, pi. X.

1897.

Stone, W. Notes on the annual moult of Calidris arenaris ; P. Ac. Philad., 1897, pp. 368-372.

1898. Tristram, H. B. Calidris arenaria, in Socotra; Ibis, 1898, pp. 248 and 249. Popham, II. L. Calidris arenaria, on Khabarova ; Ibis, 1898, p. 459.

1900. Dwight, J. Calidris arenaria, notes on plumage, and moulting; Auk, XVII, pp. 379-381.

1901. Henshaw, II. W. Calidris arenaria, in Hawaii; Auk, XVIII, p. 202.

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1904.

Dresser, H. E. Calidris arenaria, nesting in the Taimyr Peninsula ; Ibis, 1904, pp. 229-231. Allen, P. H. A Sanderling (Calidris arenaria) with hind toes ; Auk, XXI, p. 79. 1907. Birula, A. Calidris arenaria, habits, etc.; Mem. Ac. Sc., XVIII, 2, p. 94. 1908. Clarke, W. E. Female Sanderling and chicks (Calidris arenaria), from Spitsbergen ; Bull. B.O.C., XXI, p. 88. n Dresser, H. E. Russian Arctic Expedition, 1900-1903, Pt. II, Calidris arenaria in North Siberia ; Ibis, 1908, p. 594.

1909. Clarke, W. E. The chicks of the Sanderling ; British Birds, III, 1909, pp. 33-35, pi. ii. Wood, J. C. First appearance of the Sanderling in the vicinity of Detroit; Auk, XXVI, p. 427.

1910.

Patten, C. J. The prenuptial plumage in Calidris arenaria ; Rep. Brit. Assoc., 1909-1910, p. 505. Williams, A. Observations on the Sanderling of Dublin Bay ; Irish Nat., XIX, 1910, pp. 212-222. Manniche, D. L. V. The Terrestrial Mammals and Birds of N.E. Greenland. Biological observations. Refers to the Sanderling, its nesting habits and eggs ; In Danmark exspeditionen til Gronlands nordost kyst, 1906-1908, V, No. 1, 1910 (Birds, 93-199), pis. ii-vii. 1911.

Patten, C. J. Semination in Calidris arenaria ; a key to some problems regarding migratory movements in the breeding season ; London Rep. Brit. Assoc., 1910-1911, pp. 637-638.

1912.

Bedford, Duchess of. Sanderling and Goosander in Bedfordshire ; British Birds, V, 1912, p. 248.

1916.

Jourdain, F. C. R. Note on the egg of the Sanderling ; Bull. B.O.C., XXXVI, pp. 48-49, also Ogilvie Grant, p. 49,

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1920. Patten, J. C. Sanderlings obtained on migration from Slyne Head Lighthouse ; Irish Nat., XXIX, 1920, p. 79.

1921. Mackay, G. H. Sanderling on Nantucket in December; Auk, XXXVIII, 1921, pp. 273-274.

1922. Loveridge, A. Calidris arenaria, Sanderling, at Dar-es-Salaam, East Africa (15.1.19) ; P.Z.S., 1922, p. 862.

1923. Longstaff, T. G. Exhibition of a female Sanderling with four eggs, from Spitsbergen ; [Author states first recorded eggs from the Spitsbergen Archipelago]. Bull. B.O.C., XLIV, 1923, pp. 29-30.

Genus MICROPALAMA Species :— Micropalama liimantopus. Stilt Sandpiper.

Literature, from 1894. 1899. Kirkwood, F. C. The Stilt Sandpiper (Micropalama himantopus) in Maryland ; Auk, XVI, 1899, p. 76.

1900. Allen, J. A. Micropalama himantopus in Colombia ; Auk, XVII, p. 364. 1903. Spinney, H. L. The Stilt Sandpiper (Micropalama himantopus) in Knox County, Maine ; Auk, XX, p. 65. Dwight, J. J., Jr. Micropalama himantopus, Stilt Sandpiper, first record in Nova Scotia ; Auk, XX, p. 440.

1904. King, Le Roy. Micropalama himantopus in Rhode Island ; Auk, XXI, p. 85. 1913. Allen, A. A. Stilt Sandpipers (Micropalama himantopus) at Ithaca, N.Y.; Auk, XXX, pp. 430-432.

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1922.

Bartsch, P. Two Records of the Stilt Sandpiper ; Auk, XXXIX, 1922, p. 106. Saunders, A. A. A Connecticut Record of the Stilt Sandpiper; Auk, XXXIX, 1922, pp. 252-253.

1923. Stoddard, H. L. Micropalama himantopus, Stilt Sandpiper, observed on Lake Michigan ; Auk, XL, 1923, p. 321.

Genus PHEGORNIS Species :— Phegornis mitchelli. The Short-winged Sandpiper of Chile.

Literature, from 1894. 1896. Newton, A. Refers to Seebohm's mistake of classifying Mchmo- rhynchus cancellatus and Prosobonia leucoptera as belonging to this genus ; [Illustrations col. of all 3 are given in Seebohm's work on the Geographical Distribution of the Charadriidse], Diet, of Birds, 1893-1896, p. 713. Sharpe, R. B. Phegornis mitchelli, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., XXIV, 1896, p. 682.

Genus iECHMORHYNCHUS Species :— ZEchmorhynchus cancellatus. Sharp-billed Sandpiper. Has also been known as the Barred Phalarope.

Literature, Old. 1785.

Latham, John. Description of a specimen in Bank's collection obtained at Christmas Island on Cook's third voyage; Gen. Synops. of Birds, III, p. 274. Is not a Phalarope and equals the Tringa cancellata of Gmelin.

1859. Gray, G. R. Has referred to it the Tringa parvirostris described and figured by Peale as found in July 1839, on some of the Paumotu Islands ; Cat, B. Isl. Pacif., p. 51,

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1874. Coues, E. Established for it the Genus JEchmorhynchus ; B. North- West, p. 506. Recent Literature, from 1894. 1896. Newton, A. States that the only specimens now known to exist appear to be those at Washington, believes there is good reason to fear that the species may be extinct, owing to its very confined haunts—a case parallel perhaps to that of Prosobonia leucoptera of Tahiti; Diet, of Birds, 1893-1896, p. 713.

1907. Rothschild, Wr Jmhmorhynchus cancellaius, figured; Extinct Birds, pi. 35, fig. 1. 1919. Townsend, C. H., & Wetmore, A. JEchmorhynchus parvirostris (Peale) ; [Description of an adult JE. parvirostris $ which was shot on Whit Sunday, Atoll, Paumotu Islands, 31st Oct., 1899, by the Agassiz Pacific Expedition, 1899-1900. Specimen larger than those collected by Peale, bill longer and toes noticeable for their length, apparently not extinct then]. Bull. Mus. Coinp. Zool. Harvard College, LXIII, 1919, pp. 182-183.

c, . Genus PROSOBONIA. Extinct. Species :— Prosobonia leucoptera. White-winged Sandpiper. Tahiti. „ ellisi. Eimeo Island. Found on Cook's last voyage on the above islands. Described and figured by Latham (Gen. Synops. Birds, III, p. 172, pi. 82), under the name of White-winged Sandpiper.

Literature, from 1894. 1896. Newton, A. States the species is extinct; Diet, of Birds, 1893- 1896, pp. 225 and 713. 1906. Sharpe, R. B. Prosobonia ellisi, sp. n. Eimeo Island ; [States only specimen of Prosobonia, known to exist at present day, is in the Leyden Museum. In Banks' library is a drawing of one of the Tahiti specimens by Forster, one of the artists who accom¬ panied Cook's expedition, while Ellis, another of the artists, figured a bird from Eimeo or York Island. Sharpe believes this is a different species from the Tahiti bird and proposes the name Prosobonia ellisi sp. n. for it]. Bull. B.O.C., XVI, 1905- 1906, p. 86.

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1907. Rothschild, W. Prosobonia leucoptera, figured; Extinct Birds, pi. 35, fig. 2. Lonnberg, E. Utrotade faglar [exterminated birds], Prosobonia leucoptera; Fauna och. Flora, Uppsala, II, 1907, pp. 73-74, fig.

Subfamily SCOLOPACINAL

Genus SCOLOPAX Species and Subspecies :— Scolopax rusticola rusticola. Woodcock.

„„ mira. Amami, Loo Choo Islands.

„ „ celebensis. Celebes. Scolopax saturata saturata. Horsfield's Woodcock.

„„ rosenbergi. Sumatra, Java, etc.

Literature, from 1894. 1898. Prazak, J. P. Scolopax rusticula orientalis, n. subsp., East Galicia, J. Ornith., 1898, p. 333. 1899. Rothschild, W. Scolopax saturata and S. rochusseni, specimens exhibited; Bull. B.O.C., X,.p. xvi, 1899-1900. Moffat, C. B. Scolopax rusticula, as an Irish Breeding Bird ; Irish Natural., VIII, pp. 109-112.

1901. Cocu, G. G. gallinula and Scolopax rusticula nesting in the Depart ment of l'Oise ; C. R. Cong. Orn., Ill, p. 284.

1902. Tegetmeter, W. B. Scolopax rusticula, a curious variety ; Bull. B.O.C., XIII, p. 29, 1902. 1903. Hart, W. E. Habits of Scolopax rusticula ; Irish Natural., XII, p. 220. Balstoh, R. J. Scolopax rusticula, breeding in Kent; Zoologist, 1903, pp. 193 and 194. Lort Phillips, E. Cinnamon variety of Woodcock (Scolopax rusticula) shot at Milford, Co. Donegal, exh. of specimen ; Bull. B.O.C., XIII, p. 72, 1902-1903. [Specimen in Gallery of Brit. Birds Nat. Hist. Mus., S. Kensington.]

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Bartels, M. Zur Lebens—und Nistweise javanischer Vogel. Mit Bemerkungen von 0. Finsch. Scolopax saturata breeding in Java ; J. Ornith., 1903, pp. 270-288.

1904. Harvie-Brown, J. A. Scolopax rusticula, nesting in Central Scotland ; Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., 1904, pp. 190-192, 245 and 246. Gladstone, H. S. Woodcock and Snipe nesting in Dumfriesshire ; Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., 1904, pp. 246 and 247. Mitchell, P. Chalmers. On the occasional transformation of Meckel's diverticulum in birds into a gland. Scolopax rusticula ; P.Z.S. Bonct., 1903, II, pp. 352-354, text fig. 44.

1906.

Lindner, F. Scolopax ; D. Jagerztg. Neudamm, XLVII, 1906, pp. 362-364. Haldane, R. C. Scolopax rusticula, weights of ; Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., 1906, pp. 53-54. Rattray, R. H. Scolopax rusticula, nesting habits ; Bombay J. Nat. Hist. Soc., XVI, 1905, p. 663. Rodiger. Briiten der Waldschnepfe in der Mark; Zs. Oologie, Berlin, XVI, 1906, pp. 45—46. Rzehak, E. Wie transportiert die Waldschnepfe ihre Jungen ; Ornith. Monatschr., XXXI, 1906, pp. 506-508. Pagoskij, I. Albino Woodcock ; Psov. i ruzejn. ochota, Moskva, XII, 1906, p. 40. Ormezzano, Q. Nidification de la Becasse en Saone-et-Loire ; Autun. Bui. Soc. Hist. Nat., XIX (1906), pp. 119-120. Dijitssien. Moeurs de la Becasse; Autun. Bui. Soc. Hist. Nat., XIX (1906), pp. 258-260.

1907.

Whymper. C. The ear of the Woodcock ; [Draws attention to the fact that the ear is placed in front of the eye]. British Birds, I, p. 32, 1907-1908. Nicols, W. B. The ear of the Woodcock ; British Birds, I, p. 61. Mitchell, P. Chalmers. The ear of the Woodcock ; [Ear is below and in front of orbit]. British Birds, I, p. 61. Thomson, A. L. A clutch of white eggs of the Woodcock ; British Birds, I, p. 124. Harvie-Brown, J. A. The Spring return of the Woodcocks in Forth and Clyde ; Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., 1907, pp. 143-148.

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arvie - H Brown , J. A. Winter movements of Woodcock ; Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., 1907, p. 184.

Gladstone, H. S. Woodcocks in Dumfriesshire ; Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., 1907, p. 249. Ternier, L. Notice sur la 1'opportunity de proteger la Becasse au printemps ; Ornis. Lond., XIV, 1907, pp. 658-662. Luzechi, 0. T. Polygamie oder Monogamie bei der Waldschnepfe ; Ornith. Monatschr. Dresden, XXXII, 1907, pp. 383-384. Alpheraky, S. Sur les caeca de quelques oiseaux de la sousfamille des Scolopacinse, Abnorme blindarm ; St. Petersburg Ann. Mus. Zool. Ac. Sc., XI, pp. xxxiv-xxxv. Butow, A. Der zug der Waldschnepfe im Fruhjuhr 1907 ; Wied- mann, Berlin, XXXVIII, 1907, pp. 273-277, 290-295. Butow, A. Zur biologie der Waldschnepfe ; Die Jagd., Berlin ,1917, p. 217. Lintia, D. [Nesting of Woodcock in Hungary]; Aquila, XIV. 1907, p. 336. 1908. Medvedev, A. [Die Sud-Ussuri-Schnepfen]; Ochotn. Gaz., Moskva, XXXVI, 1908, p. 331. Pycrakt, W. P. On the position of the ear of the Woodcock (Scolopax rusticula); Ibis, 1908, pp. 551-558 ; Note on : British Birds, II, p. 245. Hamilton, J. Marked Woodcock, Note on; British Birds, II, p. 246 ; Field, 17, X, 1908, p. 717, and 24, X, 1908, p. 745. Gladstone, H. S. Protection of the Woodcock'in the S.W. of Scotland ; Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., 1908, pp. 255-256. Harvie-Brown, J. A. Distribution of the Woodcock in the Central Districts of the Forth Area in the Spring of 1908 ; Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., 1908, pp. 142-146. Dixon, J. S. Extension of the nesting of the Woodcock in the Clyde Area ; Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., 1908, pp. 255-256. Scharee, R. F. The determination of sex in the Woodcock (Scolopax rusticula) ; Irish Nat., XVII, pp. 72-73. Rothe, H. PI. Die Waldschnepfe in Deutschland ; D. Jagerztg. Neudamm, L (50), 1908, pp. 741-744, 757-761, 773-776. Schaef, E. Ueber Geschlects-unterscheide bei der Waldschnepfe ; D. Jagerztg. Neudamm., LI, 1908, pp. 61-63. Butow, A. Wie lange bleibt die Zugschnepfe an einen ortc ? Jagdfreund, Wien, VIII, 1908, pp. 657-661.

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1909. Ogilvie-Grant, W. R. The external sexual and juvenile characters of the Woodcock; Bull. B.O.C., XXV, 1909, pp. 34-38. Johnson, W. The Woodcock; Selborne Mag., XX, 1909, pp. 13-16. Gladstone, H. S. The Woodcock; Dumfries Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc., XX, 1909, pp. 35-49, pi. Noble, H. Late nesting of the Woodcock; British Birds, III, 1909, p. 89. Thienemann, J. Bericht iiber eine in der Nacht vom 16 zum 17 Oktober, 1908, iiber Ostpreussen hinweggegangene ausser- gewohnlich starke zugwelle von Waldschnepfen (Scolopax rusticula) ; D. Jagerztg. Neudamm., LIV, 1909, pp. 73-75, 92-94, 107-108, 124-125, 140-142, 156-157. Tusch, P. Interessante beobachtungen ; [Woodcock carrying its young during flight] ; N. Bait. Weidm.-blt. Riga, V, 1909, p. 396. Zimmermann, E. R. Zum schnepfen durchzug in unserem Gebeit; Mannheim Jahresber., Ver. Natk., LXXIII, LXXV, 1909, pp. 149-191. 1910. Berg, Freiherr v. Von der Waldschnepfe ; Zs. Jagdschutzver., Berlin, XV, 1910, pp. 481-485. Landesan. Die Waldschnepfe ihr einiger Arzt; N. Bait. Weidm.- blt. Riga, VI, 1910, p. 296. Baker, E. C. S. The Game Birds of India, Burma and Ceylon ; Indian Scolopax rusticula described and fig. ; Bombay J. Nat. Hist. Soc., XX, 1910, p. 4, pi. 1. Bell, I. R. Woodcock (Scolopax rusticula) in Kanara ; Bombay J. Nat. Hist. Soc., XX, 1910, p. 219.

1911. Grttndlach, A. Der Friihlingszug der Waldschnepfe, Scolopax rusticula L. in Mecklenburg-Strelitz; Giistrow Arch. Ver. Natg., LXV, 1911, pp. 71-73. Marek, M. Zur abnahme der Waldschnepfe; Wild u. Hund, Berlin, XVII, 1911, p. 680. Forsius, R. Sen aggkull af Scolopax rusticola; [Eggs found as late as Aug. 23, in Finland]. Helsingfors Medd. Soc., XXXVII, pp. 172-216. Zubov, P. S. (Russian.) [Ueber die Waldschnepfe in Turkestan]. Semja Ochotn. Moskva, IV, 1911, p. 332. Klein. Neu interessierende Schnepfen-fragen; [Geschlechts- bestimmung]. Vehr. pomm. Forstver. Stettin, 1911, pp. 55-61.

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1912. Sword, J., et cetera. A discussion of the question, " Do Wood¬ cock carry their Young ? " ; Stirling Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc., 1911-12, pp. 18-67. Chaluseck, R. Meine zahme Waldschnepfe. (Em Beitrag zur Biologie unserer Waldschnepfe, Scolopax rusticolci L.) ; Gefied. Welt. Magdeburg, XLI, 1912, pp. 89-90, 97-98, 105-106, 113-114,121-122. 1913.

Perceval, P. D. Observation on the movements of Woodcock; Irish Nat., XXII, 1913, pp. 208-210. Ticehurst, N. P. Woodcock's diseased feet; British Birds, VI, 1913, p. 349. Schaff, E. Ergebnisse unserer Schnepfen-umfrage ; Neudamm. Veroff. Inst. Jagdk., II, 1913, pp. 30-32. Weigold, H. Markierte Helgolander Waldschnepfen; Ornith. Monatschr., XXXIII, 1913, pp. 323-326. Rossinskij, D. M. (Russian.) Scolopax rusticola, Russian marked Bird captured in Istria ; Ornith. et Avicult. Moskva, IV, 1913, pp. 58-59. Rossinskij, D. M. (Russian.) Scolopax rusticola, migration in Russia ; Ornith. et Avicult. Moskva, IV, 1913, pp. 233-236. Mathews, G. M. Parascolopax, proposed new generic name for type Scolopax saturata Horsf. ; Bds. Australia, III, p. 290.

1914. Wade, E. W. Unusual Winter Migration of Woodcock; Brit. Birds, VII, pp. 324-327. Englehardt-Sehlen, Baron. Scolopax rusticola; N. Bait. Weidm.-blt. Riga, X, 1914, p. 255.

1915. Hermann, R. Die Waldschnepfe (Scolopax rusticola); Ornith. Monatschr., XL, 1915, pp. 154-158, Col. pis. Helms, O. Yuglende Skovsnsepper ; [Scolopax rusticola breeding in the Woods of Brahetrolleborg]. Kjobenhaven, Ornith. Tids., IX, 1915, pp. 271-273, fig. 2. Fuye, M. de la. Quelques observations sur la croule des Becasses ; Rev. d'Orn. fr., VII, 1915, pp. 65-68, 126-131, 145-150, 169-172, 184-188, map. Scerbina, M. L. (Russian.) Biologie de Scolopax rusticola L. ; Ornith. et Avicult. Moskva, VI, 1915, pp. 296-302.

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1916. Masefield, J. R. B. Woodcock perching; British Birds, IX, 1916, p. 254. Rendahl, H. Vom abzug der Schwedischen Waldschnepfen in den Jahren, 1903-1912 ; Ornith. Jahrb., XXVII, 1916, pp. 26-33. Hartert, E. Scolopax rusticola mira. subsp. n. ; Bull. B.O.C. XXXVI, 1916, pp. 64-65. Rothschild, Lord. Note on Scolopax saturata and S. s. rosenbergi; Bull. B.O.C., XXXVI, 1916, pp. 66-68.

1917. Douglas, S. R. An experimental investigation of the migration of Woodcock breeding in the West of Ireland ; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1917, pp. 159-165. Clarke, W. E. Recovery of a Woodcock supposed to have been ringed in Ireland ; Irish Nat., XXVI, 1917, p. 191. Hartert, E. Scolopax rusticola mira; Amami, Loo Choo Is., figured ; Nov. Zool., XXIV, 1917, pp. 420-425. Kouradsen, 0. G. Danmark som yngleplads for skovsneppen (.Scolopax rusticola); [Woodcock breeding in Denmark]. Kjobenhavn Ornith. Tids., XI, 1917, pp. 38-43.

1918.

Savage, E. U. Woodcock's Nest with five eggs ; British Birds, XII, 1918, p. 23. Robinson, H. C., & Kloss, C. B. Scolopax saturata on Korinchi Peak, Sumatra ; J. F.M.S., Mus., VIII, 1918, p. 112. Lucanus, F. von. Der Zug der Waldschnepfe (Scolopax rusticola L.) ; Sitz. Ber. Ges. naturf. Freunde, 1918, pp. 55-60, map.

1919.

Dallas, C. C. Woodcocks perching on trees ; British Birds, XIII, 1919, pp. 142-143. Evans, W. Woodcock and the safety of their young ; Scott. Nat., 1919, pp. 51-54. Brooksbank, E. Woodcock and the safety of their young ; Scott. Nat., 1919, pp. 95-96. 1921.

Meade-Waldo, E. G. B. Early breeding of Woodcock ; British Birds, XV, 1921, p. 22.

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Gladstone. H. S. Early breeding of Woodcock : British Birds, XV, 1921, p. 46. Pack-Beresford, H. D. Woodcock in Dublin ; Irish Nat., XXX, 1921, pp. 24-25. Lonnberg, E. Bidrag till morkullans (Scolopax rusticola) biologi; Fauna och Flora, 1921, pp. 164-174, map and photos. Riley, J. H. Scolopax celebensis, sp. n. Celebes ; [Quite different from S. saturata and more like rusticola. S. r. mira Hartert approaches it, but has a much darker wing and resides on the island of Amami]. Prov. Biol. Soc., XXXIV, 1921, p. 55.

1922. Teilhabd dtj C., E. Sur le passage des Becasses dans le Pay-de-Dome en 1921-1922; Rev. d'Orn. fr., XIV, 1922, pp. 341-342. Lonnberg, E. Life history of the Woodcock; Fauna och Flora, 1922. Beckmann, H. 0. Scolopax rusticola rusticola in Schwansen, South Schleswig ; Ornith. Monatsber., 1922, p. 100. Klinge, M. Skovsneppens Foraarstraek Gennem Danmark 1922 ; [Scolopax rusticola]. Dansk. Ornith. Foren. Tids., XVI, 1922, pp. 65-75. Pawlas, J. Vorkommen von Scolopax rusticola im Sommer; Aquila, XXIX, 1922, p. 201.

1923. Hankey, A. B. Woodcock struck down by Hawk on race-course ; [Incident occurred on the North Front, Gibraltar, Dec. 26th, 1922]. Field, CXLI, No. 3656, 1923, p. 98. Teilhard dtj C., A. J. Les Becasses dans l'Oise au cours de la Saison 1922-1923 ; Rev. d'Orn. fr., 1923, pp. 139-142.

Genus NEOSCOLOPAX Species :—• Neoscolopax rochusseni. Moluccan Woodcock.

Literature, from 1894. 1899. Rothschild, W. Scolopax rochusseni, Spec, exhib.; Bull. B.O.C., X, p. xvi, 1899-1900. 1903. Hartert, E. The Birds of the Obi Group, Central Moluccas ; Notes on Neoscolopax rochusseni, p. 17 ; Nov. Zool., X, pp. 1-17.

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Genus PHILOHELA Species :— Philohela minor. American Woodcock.

Literature, 1894.

Brewster, W. Philohela minor, its song flight; Auk, XI, pp. 291- 298.

1901.

Smith, L. H. The Woodcock's Love Song (Philohela minor) ; Ottawa Natural., XV, p. 129.

1903.

Mackay, G. H. Philohela minor, notes on ; Auk, XX, p. 210.

1904.

Riley, J. H. Philohela minor, note on the ground tint of the eggs ; Auk, XXI, p. 384.

1908. Arnow, I. F. American Woodcock (Philohela minor) breeding at St. Mary's, Ga. ; Auk, XXV, p. 220.

1909.

Reinecke, O. Notes on the American Woodcock ; Buffalo, N.Y.; Bull. Soc. Nat. Sci., IX, 1909, pp. 136-148, figs. 11. Herrick, H. Late flight of Woodcock (Philohela minor) on Long Island, N.Y.; Auk, XXVI, p. 77.

1914.

Abbott, G. A. An intimate acquaintance with Woodcocks ; Wilson Bull. Chicago, XXVI, 1914, pp. 1-6. McDermid, C. C. The Woodcock carrying its young ; Auk, XXXI, pp. 398-399.

1922.

Grinnell, G. B. Woodcock carrying its young ; [States he saw an adult Woodcock, Philohela minor, carry off a young one clasped between its thighs]. Auk, XXXIX, 1922, pp. 563-564.

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Genus CAPELLA=GALLINAGO. Old nomenclature.

Species and Subspecies :— Capella gallinago gallinago. Common Snipe.

„ „ faerceensis. Faroe Island form.

„ „ raddei. Commander Islands. Wilson's „ delicata. Snipe. N. America. Capella media. Great Snipe. „ stenura. Pin-tailed Snipe. India, China, etc.

„ nemoricola. Wood Snipe. Himalayas. „ solitaria. Solitary Snipe. Siberia, China,

Japan. 0 „ megala. Swinhoe's Snipe. Far East. Capella brasiliensis brasiliensis. Eastern South America.

,, „ andina. Andes. Capella nobilis. Colombia and Ecuador.

„ paraguaise. Brazil, South of Para, etc. „ gigantea. Giant Snipe. Brazil and Para¬ guay. „ undulata. Cayenne Snipe. British Guiana. „ imperialis. Colombia.

„ jamesoni. Ecuador, Bolivia. „ stricklandi. Magellan Snipe. Capella nigripennis. African Snipe. „ macrodactyla. Madagascar and Mauritius. Capella hardwickii hardwickii. Australian Snipe. „ „ oweni. Little Australian Snipe. N.W. Australia.

The different species of Snipe, especially the South American forms, have not been properly worked out yet. Mathews has suggested new generic names for many of them. Subspilura, Odurella, Macrodura, etc. A list of these will be found in the references.

Literature, from 1894. Richmond, C. W., & Knowlton, F. H. Gallinago delicata at Fort Ellis, Montana ; Auk, XI, p. 301. Munn, P. W. Gallinago ccelestis in Calcutta; Ibis, 1894, p. 72. Reisee, 0. Gallinago gallinago ; Ornis. Balcanica, p. 163. Dubois. Gallinago coelestis ; Faun. Ill, Vert. Belg., Ois II, p. 266, pi. 211. Lilfobd, Loed. Scolopax major, fig. Col. Fig. Br. Birds, p. 59, Pt. XXVIII, Sept., 1894. Hammond, W. 0. Great Snipe in Kent; Zoologist, 1894, p. 429.

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Aplin, 0. V. Gallinago paraguaice, with egg fig. ; Ibis, 1894, p. 207, pi. V, fig. 8. Ogilvie-Grant, W. R. Gallinago gallinago in N. Luzon ; Ibis, 1894, p. 522. 1895.

Cores, E. Gallinago gallinago, in Heligoland ; Auk, XII, p. 326. Elliot, D. G. Gallinago gallinago ; N. Amer. Shore Birds, p. 45. Irby, Col. L. H. L. Gallinago coslestis ; Orn. Straits Gib., 2nd ed., p. 278. Mackay, G. H. Gallinago delicata in Massachusetts ; Auk, XII, p. 310. Barrett-Hamilton, G. E. H. Gallinago coslestis, var. sabinii, notes on ; Irish Nat., 1895, pp. 1-8. Lilford, Lord. Gallinago coelestis, fig. Col. Fig. Br. Birds, Vol. V, p. 63, Pt. XXXI, June, 1895. Thorne, P. M. Gallinago delicata at Fort Keogh, Montana ; Auk, XII, p. 213. Wayne, A. T. Gallinago delicata in Florida ; Auk, XII, p. 364. Stares, J. Gallinago coelestis drumming in January ; Zoologist, 1895, p. 67. 1896.

Paterson, J. Gallinago major in Renfrewshire ; Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., 1896, p. 60. Sharpe, R. B. Gallinago gallinago ; Handb. Brit. Birds, III, p. 21.

1897. Deichter, C. Gallinago, notes on species; J. Ornith., 1897, pp. 142-154. Deichter, C. Gallinago dubia, n. sp., Japan; J. Ornith., 1897, pp. 150-152. Cook, J. R. N. Gallinago major, near St. Andrews ; Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., 1897, p. 45. Service, R. Gallinago major, in the Solway District; Ann. Scott. Hist., 1897, p. 124. 1898.

Campbell, A. J. Discovery of the nest and eggs of the Australian Snipe ; Vict. Natural., XIV, pp. 170 and 171. Popham, H. L. Gallinago stenura, nesting on the Yenisei (lat. 65, 40 N.) ; Ibis, 1898, pp. 514 and 515. Ternier, L. Etude sur la distribution geographique des Becassines en France et sur leurs migrations ; Ornis, IX, pp. 33-84, maps I and 2,

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1899.

Shelley, G. E. Gallinago major in Nyassaland ; Ibis, 1899, p. 283. Oberholser, H. C. Gallinago major Gm. versus Gallinago media Lath. ; [Media stands]. Auk, XVI, 1899, p. 179. Deane, R. Notes on the Breeding of the Wilson's Snipe (Gallinago delicata) in Illinois and Indiana ; Auk, XVI, 1899, pp. 270-272. Butler, A. L. The coloration of the wing-lining and axillaries in the Fantail and Pintail Snipes ; J. Bombay Soc., XII, pp. 427 and 428, cum. tab. Cheeseman, T. F. Gallinago australis in New Zealand; Tr. N. Zealand Inst., XXXI, pp. 105 and 106.

1900. Harvie-Brown, J. A. Great Snipe (Scolopax major), in Stirling¬ shire ; Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., 1900, p. 247.

1901. Beddard, F. E. On Some Anatomical Differences between the Common Snipe (Gallinago coslestis) and the Jack Snipe (G. gallinula) ; P.Z.S. Lond., 1901, Vol. II, pp. 596-602, text figs. 64-69. 1902.

Harvie-Brown, J. A. Gallinago major, in Shetland ; Ann Scott. Nat. Hist., 1902, p. 54. Bell, R. B. Gallinago major, in Orkney ; Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., 1902, p. 54. 1903.

Buturlin, S. A. Gallinago gallinago raddei, n. subsp. E. Siberia; Kul. Ross. Imp., 1902. Lewis. Gallinago stenura, Note on the Nidification ; Spolia Zeylan., I, pp. 66 and 67, cum. fig.

1904. Parrot, C. Vom Liebesspiel der Bekassine (Gallinago gallinago); Ornith. Monatsber., XII, pp. 37-41. Hantzsch, B. Ueber die Stimmlaute von Gallinago gallinago (L.) ; Ornith. Monatsber., XII, pp. 173-175. Headley, F. W. Drumming of the Snipe ; Nature, LXX, 1904, p. 103. Bryan, W. A. Wilson's Snipe (Gallinago delicata) in the Hawaiian Islands ; Condor, VI, p. 78.

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1905. Obeeholser, H. C. Gallinago media, in the Kilimanjaro Region, East Africa ; P.U.S., Mus., XXVIII, p. 839. Noeth, A. J. Gallinago australis, obtained at Lord Howe Island ; Rec. Austral. Mus., V, p. 338. Pottee. Gallinago major, in Shropshire ; Field, Sept. 9th, 1905. Pycraft, W. P. Gallinago major, in Shropshire; Knowledge, 1905, p. 255. Pycbaft, W. P. Gallinago major, in Shetland ; Knowledge, 1905, p. 64. Pycbaft, W. P.' Gallinago sabinei, in Cambridgeshire ; Knowledge, 1905, p. 15. Pycbaft, W. P. Sabine's Snipe (Scolopax sabinei) in Cambridge¬ shire ; Ibis, 1905, pp. 289-291.

1906.

Haldane, R. C. Gallinago gallinago, weights of ; Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., 1906, pp. 53 and 54. Fatio, V. Gallinago major and G. gallinula, breeding in Switzer¬ land ; Ibis, 1906, p. 218. Buturlin, S. A. Gallinago megala, from Barnaul; Psov. i ruzejn. ochota, Moskva, 1906, p. 318. Kells, W. L. Nesting of Wilson's Snipe; Ottawa Nat., 1906, pp. 53-55. 1907. Mikhno, P. S. Gallinago megala, Balzen; Trav. Sect. Troick.- Kiacht., VIII, pp. 3-24. Bahb, P. H. On the " Bleating " or " Drumming " of the Snipe {Gallinago ccelestis); Proc. Zool.-Soc. Lond., 1907, pp. 12-35. Bahr, P. H. The drumming or bleating of the Snipe, tail feather theory and mechanism ; Bull. B.O.C., XIX, pp. 72 and 73. Witheeby, H. F. Drumming of the Snipe {Gallinago ccelestis); British Birds, I, pp. 92-93. Wobkman, W. H. Suggestions as to the functions of the entotym- panic muscles in the Common Snipe ; Ibis, 1907, pp. 614-621. Alphebaky, S. N. Gallinago gallinago u. G. major, Blindiirme; St. Petersburg, Ann. Mus. Zool. Ac. Sc., XI, pp. xxxiv-xxxv. Williams, W. J. Gallinago sabinei, in Ireland ; Zoologist, 1907, pp. 71 and 72.

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1908. Thienemann, J. Marked specimens of Gallinago gallinago occurring in France and Spain ; Ornith. Monatsber., XVI, 1908, p. 80. Ticehubst, C. B. Nesting of the Common Snipe, in Kent; British Birds, II, 1908-1909, p. 205. Poliakov, G. I. Gallinago gallinago major ; SemjaOchotn. Moskva, 1908, pp. 133-134. Ingbam, C. Ornithological Notes from Japan ; Gallinago australis (Lath.), Australian Snipe, breeding-habits and nesting ; Ibis, 1908, pp. 165-167, egg fig. pi. iv, fig. 4.

1909. Robinson, H. C. Notes on Birds new to, or rare in, the Malay Peninsula, Gallinago megala ; Jour. Fed. Malay States Museum, IV, p. 30. Malychin, N. (Russian.) [Der zug und das plotzliche Auftreten der Doppleschnepfen], Ochotn. vestn. Moskva, IX, 1909, pp. 279-286. Aleksandbov, L. D. (Russian.) [Ueber den Durchzug und das plotzliche Auftreten der Doppelschnepfen.] Ochotn. vestn. Moskva, IX, 1909, pp. 355-356. Zaettdny, N. Notiz fiber die Doppelschnepfen (Gallinago major Gm.) aus Turkestan, G. m. orientalis, subsp. nov. ; Semja Ochotn., 1909, I, pp. 12-13. Johansen, H. Vollstandiger Albino von Scolopax gallinago Linn. ; Ornith. Monatsber., XVII, 1909, p. 138. Gill, H. Albino Snipe [Gallinago coslestis in Sind]; Bombay J. Nat. Hist. Soc., XIX, p. 525. Mathews, R. O. Nesting of the Snipe in Wiltshire ; British Birds, III, 1909, pp. 28-29. Woemald, H. A tame Snipe and its habits ; British Birds, II, 1909, pp. 249-258, and Avicult. Mag., VII, p. 141. Withebington, G. Snipe perching ; British Birds, III, 1909, p. 59. Giles, G. W. Common Snipe (Gallinago ccelestis) in Travancore in April; Bombay J. Nat. Hist. Soc., XIX, 1909, pp. 749-750. Bied, M. C. H. The average weight of Snipe ; British Birds, II, p. 312. Haelow, R. C. Wilson's Snipe (Gallinago delicata) wintering in Pennsylvania ; Auk, XXVI, 1909, p. 305. Malychin, N. (Russian.) Gallinago major, Strich und plotzliches auftreten ; Ochotn. zurn. lia vsech. Moskva, I, 1909, pp. 129- 133,

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1910. Blagovescensky, S. (Russian.) Die ankunft und des plotzliche Auftreten der Doppelschnepfe ; Ochotn. vestn. Moskva, X, 1910, pp. 233-236. Forbush, E. H. Wilson's Snipe (Gallinago delicata) wintering near Boston, Mass. ; Auk, XXVII, p. 206. Venning, F. E. W. Occurrence of the eastern Solitary Snipe (Gallinago solitaria) at Haka, Chin Hills; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., XX, 1910, pp. 219-220. Wokmald, H. Further notes on Tame Snipe ; British Birds, IV, 1910, pp. 1W-158. Baker, E. C. S. The Game Birds of India, Burma and Ceylon ; Gallinago solitaria and G. nemoricola, fig. and described; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., XX, pp. 260-270, pis. ii, iii.

1911. Baker, E. C. S. The Game Birds of India, Burma and Ceylon; [Accounts of the Common Snipe, Gallinago gallinago, in India]. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., XX, pp. 547-901, pis. A, B, C. Baker, E. C. S. Occurrence of the Great Snipe (Gallinago major), near Bangalore ; [Second record for India]. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., XX, p. 1155. Egorov, G. A. (Russian.) Scolopax gallinago; [Ueber den Durchzug der Doppelschnepfe (Gallinago major L.) am Azow'- schen Meere]. Semja Ochotn. Moskva, IV, 1911, pp. 62-64. Charlton, J. M. Snipe pursued by Falcons ; British Birds, IV, 1911, p. 340. Sarudny, N. A. (Russian.) Spates Briiten Gallinago gallinago ; Mess. Ornith. Moskva, II, p. 21. Heyder, R. Nachtliche Stimmaiisserungen von Gallinago gallinago L. ; Ornith. Monatsber., XIX, 1911, pp. 100-101. Hagen, W. Die Stimmlaute der Bekassine (Gallinago gallinago L.) ; Ornith. Monatsber., XIX, 1911, pp. 155-156. Smith, T. Early drumming of Snipe; British Birds, IV, 1911, p. 318. Stitbbs, F. J. The development of the Snipe ; Zoologist, XV, 1911, pp. 205-212, 265-272. Smalley, F. W., & Others. Early drumming of Snipe ; British Birds, IV, 1911, pp. 240-241.

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1912. Stubbs, F. J. Flight of the Common Snipe (Oallinago codestis); Zoologist, 1912, pp. 196-197. Harvie-Brown, J. A. Flight of the Common Snipe ; Zoologist, 1912, pp. 229-231. Huxley, J. S. Flight of the Common Snipe; Zoologist, 1912, pp. 231-232. Elliott, J. S. Snipe nesting in Bedfordshire; Zoologist, 1912, p. 197. Saunders, A. A. Wilson's Snipe and its nest; Bird Lore, XIV, 1912, pp. 170-171. Cheesman, R. E. Snipe breeding in Kent; British Birds, VI, 1912, p. 21. Mathews, G. M. Gallinago australis australis, Australian Snipe; G. a. oweni, subsp. n., N.W. Australia, Little Australian Snipe ; Nov. Zool., XVIII, p. 223. Dorogstajskij, V. Ja. (Russian.) [Zur Biologie von Scolopax solitaria Midd.]. Moskva Ornith. et Avicult., Ill, 1-2, 1912, (1-5). Pitman, C. R. S. Notes on the Southern migration of Snipe near Calcutta, 1911 ; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., XXI, 1912, pp. 684-685. Bahr, P. H. Remarks upon the drumming of the different species of Snipe ; Bull. B.O.C., XXIX, 1912, pp. 79-83. Penrose, F. G. Early nesting of Common Snipe in Wiltshire; British Birds, V, 1912, p. 336.

1913.

Olivier, J. Gallinago stenura, field notes in Java ; Teysmannia, XXIV, 1913, pp. 321-331. Lynes, H. Early drumming of the Snipe and its significance! British Birds, VI, 1913, pp. 354-359. Mathews, G. M. Gallinago hardwickii (Gray) must replace G. australis (Lath.) ; Austral. Av. Rec., I, p. 188. Mathews, G. M. Subspilura, proposed new generic name for type Gallinago megala Swinh. ; Bds. Australia, III, pp. 295-300. Mathews, G. M. Odurella, proposed new generic name for type Gallinago brasiliensis Swains. ; Bds. Australia, III, pp. 294. Mathews, G. M. Macrodura, proposed new generic name for Gallinago nobilis Scl. ; Bds. Australia, III, p. 294.

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Mathews, G. M. Eugallinago, proposed new generic name for type Oallinago macrodadyla Bp. ; Bds. Australia, III, p. 294. Mathews, G. M. Ditelmatias, proposed new generic name for type Gallinago hardwickii Gray [=(?. austrcdis]. Bds. Australia, III, p. 282. Mathews, G. M. Neospilura, proposed new generic name for type Gallinago solitaria Hodgs. ; Bds. Australia, III, p. 293. Mathews, G. M. Chubbia, proposed new generic name for type Gallinago strichlandi Gray ; Bds. Australia, III, p. 291. Mathews, G. M. Homoscolopax, proposed new generic name for type Gallinago imperialis Scl. and Salv. ; Bds. Australia, III, p. 291.

1914.

Olivier, J. Gallinaqo stenura. field notes ; Teysmannia, XXV, 1914, pp. 385-391. Thayer, J. E., & Bangs, 0. Notes on the Birds and Mammals of the Arctic Coast of East Siberia ; Gallinago gallinago uniclavus Hodgs., recognized as distinct; Proc. N. Engl. Zool. CI., v. p. 14. Feilden, H. W. Snipe and Redshank nesting in Sussex ; British Birds, VII, 1914, pp. 330-333. Whish, F. H. L. Sabine's Snipe in Merionethshire ; British Birds, VIII, 1914, p. 20. 1915.

Owen, J. IT. Snipe laying five eggs ; British Birds, IX, 1915, p. 28. Atchison, G. T. Arrangement of eggs in clutches of five of Snipe and Lapwing ; British Birds, IX, 1915, pp. 50-51, 3 photos. Colthrur, C. W. Curlew and Common Snipe nesting in Sussex ; British Birds, IX, 1915, p. 98. Buturlin, S. A. (Russian.) Gallinago australis not yet met with in the Russian Empire, G. megala is the form that occurs ; Mess. Ornith. Moskva, VI, 1915, pp. 315-316. Ogg, W. Great Snipe in Elginshire ; Scott. Nat., 1915, p. 357. Thienemann, J. Von der Vogelwarte Rositten: Eine neue Methode in der Schnepfezugforschung; Zool. Beobachter, LVI, 1915, pp. 53-55. 1916.

Schuster, W. Masseniiberwinterung von Schnepfen in deutschen Winterquartieren (Scolopax gallinago) ; Allg. Jagd. u. Fortzt., XCII, 1916, pp. 270-271. Nasi-i, W. J. Snipe carrying young ; Irish Nat., 1916, p. 170.

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1917. Owen, J. H. Snipe calling in December ; British Birds, X, 1917, p. 228. Pitt, F. Snipe perching on a Barn ; British Birds, XI, 1917, p. 47. Stubbs, F. J. Notes on certain breeding-habits of the Snipe; Essex Nat., XVIII, 1917, pp. 109-110. Stoney, R. F. The weights of Pintail and Fantail Snipe ; Bombay J. Nat. Hist. Soc., XXV, 1917, p. 306. Sowerby, A. de C. Snipe in China ; A Sportsman's Miscellany, VIII, 226, Tientsin, 1917.

1918. McGregor, R. C. New or noteworthy Philippine Birds, ii; Gallinago megala and G. stenura in the Philippines ; Phil. J. Sc., P.I., 13D, 1918, p. 8.

1919. Ewing, H. C. Great Snipe (Gallinago media) in Caithness ; Field, Sept. 27, 1919, p. 442. Wormald, J. Great Snipe (Gallinago media) in Lanarkshire ; Field, Sept. 27, 1919, p. 490. Kenny, E. T. Migration of Snipe in Burma; Bombay J. Nat. Hist. Soc., XXVI, 1919, pp. 850-852, map. Evermann, B. W. Nesting of the Wilson Snipe (Gallinago delicata) in California ; Condor, XXI, 1919, p. 121. Wall, E. Nesting of the Wilson Snipe ; Condor, XXI, 1919, pp. 207-209. 1920.

Robinson, H. C., & Kloss, C. B. On a collection of Birds from N.E. Sumatra. Gallinago stenura with 20 tail feathers ; Pt. II, Singapore J. Straits Branch R. As. Soc. No. 81, 1920, pp. 79, 115.

Hartert, E. The Birds of the Commander Islands. Gallinago g. raddei recognized as distinct; Nor. Zool., XXVII, 1920, p. 136. Wetmore, A. Five new Species of Birds from cave deposits in Porto Rico. Gallinago anthonyi sp. n. ; Washington Proc. Biol. Soc., XXXIII, p. 78, pi. 2, figs. 1, 2. Mathews, G. M., & Iredale, T. Sherborn and the systematist; Generic name for Snipe discussed by Frenzel. ? Capella ; Aust. Av. Rec., IV, 1920, pp. 130-132. Raven, C. E. Common Snipe's nest with 5 eggs ; British Birds, XIV, 1920, p. 46.

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1921.

Oeeeholsee, H. C. Notes on North American Birds, Gallinago g. delicata ; [Believes this is just a subspecies of G. gallinago and should he named G. g. delicata]. Auk, XXXVIII, 1921, p. 82. Obeeholsee, H. C. Gallinago Koch becomes Gapella Frenzel; Auk, XXXVIII, 1921, p. 266. Faiebaien, A. Great or Solitary Snipe in Ayrshire ; Scott. Nat., 1921, p. 185. Scholey, G. J. Nesting of the Common Snipe in North Kent; Oologist's Record, I, 1921, pp. 102-103.

1922.

Beck, H. H. JSlonian and Percussion Bird Music ; Reference to the winnowing of the Snipe ; Auk, XXXIX, 1922, pp. 429-430. Russell, W. M. Great Snipe in Kirkcudbrightshire ; [Bird now in the collection of the Royal Scottish Museum, a $ Gallinago media], Scott. Nat., 1922, p. 174. Talbot-Ponsonby, C. G. Great Snipe in Caithness; Field, 7/10/1922, p. 539. Parry, L. E. S. Great Snipe in Aberdeenshire; Field, 11/11/1922, p. 714. Radetzky, D. Das Bruten von Gallinago gallinaria in Tarnok; Aquila, XXIX, 1922, p. 194.

1923.

Witheeby, H. F. Great Snipe in Scotland ; [Refers to three examples shot in Scotland in 1922, viz. one at Mid-Clyth, Caithness, on Sept. 9th, 1922, by Mr. C. G. Talbot-Ponsonby (Field, 7/10/1922, p. 539); one near Crossmiehael, Kirkcud¬ brightshire, on Oct. 11th, 1922, by Mr. W. M. Russell (Scot. Nat., 1922, p. 174) ; and one at Drum, Aberdeenshire, on Nov. 3rd, 1922, by Col. L. E. S. Parry (Field, 11/11/1922, p. 714). Vide su-pra]; British Birds, XVI, 1923, p. 256. Granvik, H. Gallinago media at Kikuyu and G. nigripennis at Mount Elgon, E. Africa; J. Ornith., LXXI, Sonderheft, Feb. 15, 1923, pp. 38-39. Report on changes in the Nomenclature of the B.O.U. List of Brit. Birds, p. 213, add Gapella gallinago faerceensis, Telmatias faerensis Brehm ; Handb. Naturg. Vog. Deutschl., p. 617, 1831, Farce ; [Easily distinguished from British breeding bird by its more reddish coloration. Vide Hartert, Vog. p. F. p., 1660]. Ibis, 1923, p. 432.

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Meinertzhagen, A. C., & Meinertzhagen, R. On the Occurrence of the Faroe Snipe in the British Isles; Scott. Nat., 1923, p. 123. Pettitclerc. Les Becassines ; [Two double Snipe, near Vesoul]. Rev. d'Orn. fr., 1923, p. 64.

Genus CCENOCORYPHA Species and Subspecies :— Ccenocorypha aucklandica aucklandica. Auckland Island Snipe.

„ „ iredalei. Jack Lees Island, N.Z. Ccenocorypha huegeli. Snares Snipe. „ pusilla. Chatham Island Snipe. Literature, from 1894. Rothschild, W. Gallinago tristrami, sp. n.; Bull. B.O.C., III, p. xii, 1893-1894. Rothschild, W. Gallinago tristrami and its allies ; Bull. B.O.C., III, p. xvi, 1893-1894. Forbes, H. 0. Gallinago cliathamica ; Bull. B.O.C., III, p. xvii, 1893-1894. 1895. Buller, W. L. Gallinago pusilla (Chatham Island Snipe), G. huegeli (Snares Snipe), G. tristrami (Antipodes Island Snipe) ; Trans. N.Z. Inst., XXVII, pp. 115-116.

1896. Sharpe, R. B. Gallinago tristrami=G. aucklandica ; Cat. B. Brit. Mus., XXIV, p. 662. 1915. Lowe, P. R. Studies on the Charadriiformes. ii. On the Osteology of the Chatham Island Snipe [Ccenocorypha pusilla Buller) ; Ibis, 1915, pp. 690-716. 1921. Rothschild, Lord. Ccenocorypha aucklandica iredalei, subsp. nov.; Bull. B.O.C., XLI, 1921, p. 63.

Genus LYMNOCRYPTES=LIMNOCRYPTES, Old nomenclature. Species :— Lymnocryptes minimus. Jack Snipe. Literature, from 1894. 1895. Lileord, Lord. Scolopax gallinula, fig. Col. Fig. Br. Birds, Vol. V, p. 67, Pt. XXX, Feb., 1895.

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1896. Rickett, 0. B., & La Touche, J. D. Gallinago gallinula from China ; Ibis, 1896, p. 493.

1901. Cocu, G. Gallinago gallinula and Scolopax rusticula nesting in the Department of l'Oise ; C. R. Cong. Orn., Ill, p. 284.

1906. Haldawe, R. C. Supposed breeding of the Jack Snipe in Shetland ; Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., 1906, p. 239. Fatio, V. Gallinqgo major and G. gallinula breeding in Switzerland ; Ibis, 1906, p. 218. 1907.

Alpheraky, S. Limnocryptes gallinula .... Abnorme Blindarme ; St. Petersburg, Ann. Mus. Zool. Ac. Sc., XI, pp. xxxiv-xxxv.

1909. Bird, M. C. H. The average weight of Snipe ; British Birds, II, p. 312. 1911. Egorov, G. A. (Russian.) [Die Moorschnepfe (Scolopax gallinula) ankunft und Abzug in Herbst am Azow'schen Meere]. Semja Ochotn. Moskva, IV, 1911, pp. 298-300.

1912. Pycraft, W. P. A description of the syrinx of the Jack Snipe, comparison with that of the Common Snipe and Woodcock; Bull. B.O.C., XXIX, 1911-1912, pp. 77-79. Baiir, P. H. Remarks on the origin of the sound (horse galloping over hard road) made by the Jack Snipe—probably vocal in nature ; Bull. B.O.C., XXIX, pp. 79-83.

1914. Popham, H. L. Nest of Jack Snipe; British Birds, VIII, 1914, p. 149, 1 photo. 1920. Hanna, G. D. Limnocryptes gallinula on the Pribilof Islands, new record for America ; Condor, XXII, 1920, pp. 173-175.

1921. Mathews, G. M., & Iredale, T. Lymnocryptes minima Brun., 1764, antedates L. gallinula Linn., 1766 ; Aust. Av. Rec., IV, 1921, pp. 153-154. K

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1922.

van Someren, V. G. L. Limnocryptes minima Briinn. (gallinula Auct.), Jack Snipe in East Africa, Lakes Nakuru and Naivasha ; Nov. Zool., XXIX, 1922, p. 20.

1923.

Report on changes in the Nomenclature of the B.O.U. List of British Birds. Limnocryptes gallinula becomes L. minimus. Scolopax minima Briinnich, Orn. Bor., 1764, p. 49; Christiansoe; Ibis, 1923, p. 429.

Subeamily RHYNCH/EINJE

Genus RHYNCHZEA=ROSTRATULA. Old nomenclature.

Species and Subspecies :— Rhyncheea capensis. Painted Snipe. India. Rhynchsea australis australis. Austrahan Painted Snipe. „ „ fitzroyi. Western Painted Snipe. Rhynchsea semicollaris. South America, Peru, Chili, Argentine, etc.

Literature, from 1894. 1901. Beddard, P. E. Notes upon the Anatomy and Systematic position of Rhyncheea; P.Z.S. Lond., 1901, Vol. II, pp. 587-596, figs, in text 56-63. 1902.

Finn, F. Notes on the Painted Snipe (Rostratula capensis); P.Z.S. Lond., 1902, Vol. I, pp. 261-264.

1905.

Erlanger, C. von. Rostratula bengalensis, nesting in South Somaliland ; J. Ornith., 1905, pp. 78 and 79.

1909. Butijelin, S. A. Rostratula capensis L. im Ussuri-Gebiet; Ornith. Monatsber., XVII, 1909, p. 155. Medvedev, A. Rhyncheea capensis, in Amur-Gebiet; Nasa ochota, III, 7, p. 46. Buttielin, S. A. Beschreibung Rostratula capensis; Nasa ochota, III, 8, pp. 59-63.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries FAMILY SCOLOPACIDAS 131

1910. Hall, R. The southern limit of Rostratula australis Gld.; Emu, X, 1910-1911, p. 138. 1911.

Baker, E. C. S. Rostratula capensis, habits and occurrence in India ; Bombay J. Nat. Hist. Soc., XX, p. 915, pi. iv.

1912. Pitman, C. R. S. The Painted Snipe (Rostratula capensis); [Poly- androus habits]. Bombay J. Nat. Hist. Soc., XXI, pp. 666-667. Mathews, G. M. 'Additions and corrections to my Reference List to the Birds of Australia. Rostratula australis fitzroyi, subsp. n., Western Painted Snipe ; Austral. Av. Rec., I, p. 85.

1913.

Beven, J. 0. Notes and observations on the Painted Snipe {Rostratula capensis) in Ceylon ; Ibis, 1913, pp. 527-534. Olivier, J. Field notes on Rostratula capensis in Java ; Teys- mannia, XXIV, p. 521.

1920.

Zumstein, F. Rostratula capensis in der Rheinpfalz ; [Refers to an example got in 1899 ; Author does not think it escaped from the Zoological Gardens in Frankfurt a M. Probably escaped from somewhere else]. Ornith. Monatsber., XXVIII, 1920, p. 61.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries CHAPTER VI

Family CHARADRIIDiE

Genera:—

Squatarola page 132 Ptilosoelys page 160 Afribyx page 168 Pluvialis „ 134 Hoploxypterus , 161 Zomfer ,, 168 Charadrius 137 „ Belonopterus . , 162 Hoplopterus.... II 169

Cirrepidesmus. „ 147 Hemiparra , 163 Sareiophorus.. If 170 150 170 Zonibyx ,, Xiphidiopterus 163 Erythrogonys. ,, 151 164 Aphriza ,, Rogibyx Anomalophrys If 170 164 Anarhynchus . ,, 152 Tylibyx Haematopus.... If 171 Pluvianellus... 152 „ Mierosarcops .. 164 Himantopus.... II 176 152 Thinornis „ Lobivanellus... 164 Cladorhynchus If 178 Vanellus 152 Lobipluvia 165 Recurvirostra. if 178 155 Chettusia „ Oreopholus. 165 Peltohyas if 181 Vanellochettusia 157 Podasoeys 166 Ibidorhyncha. if 182 157 Eudromias „ Lobibyx 167 Arenaria II 183 Stephanibyx... „ 159

Subfamily CHARADRIIN/E

Genus SQUATAROLA Species and Subspecies :— Squatarola squatarola squatarola. Grey or Black-bellied Plover.

„ „ cynosurse. American Black-bellied Plover.

Literature, from 1894. Pbecival, J. Squatarola helvetica in Yorkshire in August; Zool., 1894, p. 429. 1896. Vallon, G. Charadrius squatarola, figured; Boll. Soc. Adriat., XVIII, tav. v., figs. 6 and 7.

1900.

Dwight, J. Charadrius squatarola, Notes on plumage and moulting, Auk, XVII, p. 383. 1901. Henshaw, H. W. Charadrius squatarola, at Kaaluali, Hawaii; Auk, XVIII, p. 202. 132

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries FAMILY CHARADRIIDiE 133

1902.

Coburn, F. Grey Plover (Squatarola helvetica) in Birmingham ; Zoologist, 1902, p. 280. 1904.

Snow, F. H. Charadrius squatarola, in Kansas; Auk, XXI, pp. 85 and 86. Dresser, H. E. Squatarola helvetica, nesting in the Taimyr Penin¬ sula ; Ibis, 1904, p. 229. Kobbe, T. W. Black-bellied Plover (Charadrius squatarola) shot on Long Island, N.Y., July 1, 1903 ; Auk, XXI, p. 79.

1907.

Henderson, T. Squatarola helvetica, wintering in Shetland ; Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., 1907, pp. 117 and 118.

1910.

Heninger, W. F. Squatarola squatarola, in Ohio ; Wilson Bull. Oberlin, Ohio, XXII, 1910., pp. 203-204.

1913.

Haviland, M. D. Grey Plover in the Outer Hebrides ; Brit. Birds, VII, 1913, p. 57. 1914.

Thayer, J. E., & Bangs, O. Squatarola squatarola cynosures; Proc. N. Engl. Zool. 01., V, 1914, p. 23.

1915.

Haviland, M. D. Notes on the Grey Plover on the Yenesei; British Birds, IX, 1915, pp. 162-166, 2 photos.

1918.

Oberholser, H. C. Squatarola squatarola cynosures near Washing¬ ton, D.C.; Washington Proc. Biol. Soc., XXXI, 1918, pp. 97-99.

1919. Brooks, W. S. Two interesting additions to the Collection of the Boston Society of Natural History ; Squatarola squatarola, Black-bellied Plover with no hind toe ; Auk, XXXVI, 1919, p. 589. Williams, J. Squatarola squatarola (Black-bellied Plover) at St. Mark's, Fla.; Auk, XXXVI, 1919, pp. 586-587.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries 134 THE LITERATURE OE THE CHARADRIIFORMES

1920. Williams, J. Notes from St. Mark's, Ela.; Squatarola squatarola recorded ; Auk, XXXVII, 1920, p. 143.

1923. Gabrielson, Ira N. Squatarola squatarola on the beach at Newport, Oregon Coast, U.S.A. ; [Author thinks first Winter record of this species for that coast]. Condor, XXV, 1923, p. 110.

Genus PLUVIALIS=CHARADRIUS. Old nomenclature.

Species and subspecies :— Pluvialis apricarius apricarius. Southern Golden Plover.

„„ altifrons. Northern Golden Plover. Pluvialis dominicus dominicus. American Golden Plover.

„ „ fulvus. Eastern Golden Plover.

Literature, from 1894. Williams, E. American Golden Plover in Ireland ; [Belmullet, (Mayo), Sept. 13, 1894]. Irish Nat., 1894, p. 224. Saunders, H. On ditto, p. 549.

1896. Vallon, G. Gharadrius pluvial/is, figured; Boll. Soc. Adriat., XVIII, tav. v, figs. 1-3. Nunn, H. American Golden Plover in Essex; Zoologist, 1897, p. 330. Mackay, G. H. Gharadrius dominicus, Notes on the 1896 migration in Massachusetts ; Auk, XIV, pp. 212-214.

1898. Mackay, G. H. Gharadrius dominicus, 1897 migration in Massa¬ chusetts ; Auk, XV, pp. 52 and 53. Popham, II. L. Gharadrius pluvialis, on Khabarova ; Ibis, 1898, p. 459. 1900. Popiiam, H. L. Gharadrius pluvialis and G. fulvus, from the Yenesei Valley ; Bull. B.O.C., XI, p. 41, 1900-1901. Teenier, L. Migration and Geographical Distribution of Gharadrius pluvialis in France in 1885 and 1886 ; Ornis., X, pp. 97-118. Dwight, J. Charadrius dominicus, Notes on plumage and moult¬ ing ; Auk, XVII, p. 383.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries FAMILY CHARADRIIDAS 135

1901. Bonhote, J. L. Charadrius pluvialis, evolution of pattern in feathers ; P.Z.S. Lond., 1901, Vol. II, pi. xx, fig. 7. Hall, R. Charadrius dominicus, in Hobson Bay, Australia, on June 15th ; Victorian Naturalist, XVIII, p. 68.

1906.

Buturlin, S. A. Charadrius fulvus aus Tomsk and Usti-Kameno- gorsk ; Psov. i ruzejn. ochota, 1906, p. 318.

1907.

Anderson, P. "Charadrius pluvialis, in Tiree in December ; Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., 1907, pp. 117.

1908.

Snottckaert van Schaubttrg, Baron R. Charadrius dominicus fulvus, in Friesland, Nov. 8, 1906 ; Ornith. Monatsber., XVI, p. 112. 1909. Henninger, W. G. The American Golden Plover (Charadrius dominicus) in Ohio in Autumn ; Auk, XXVI, p. 77.

1910. Henshaw, H. W. Migration of the Pacific Plover to and from the Hawaiian Islands; (Charadrius dominicus fulvus); Auk, XXVII, 1910, pp. 245-262.

1912. Olivier, J. Een gevleugeld weerprofeet; [Charadrius fulvus, migration in Java]. Teysmannia, Batavia, XXIII, p. 706.

1914. Parkin, T. Asiatic Golden Plovers in Sussex; [(Charadrius dominicus fulvus), 6 seen, 3 obtained, 1 $ and 2 $, Hurstmon- ceaux, Sussex, April 23rd, 1914]. British Birds, VIII, 1914, p. 52. 1915.

Haviland, M. D. Notes on the Breeding-habits of the Asiatic Golden Plover ; British Birds, IX, 1915, pp. 82-89, 4 photos. Haviland, M. D. Notes on the nestling plumage of the Asiatic Golden Plover (Charadrius dominicus fulvus); Ibis, 1915, pp. 716-717.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries 136 THE LITERATURE OE THE CHARADRIIFORMES

1916. Ford-Lindsay, H. W. Asiatic Golden Plovers in Kent; f(Chara- drius dominicus fulvus), 3 specimens shot Romney Marsh, Sept. 20, 1915, 1 $ and 2 $]. British Birds, IX, 1916, p. 212. Mackay, G. II. American Golden Plover (Charadrius dominicus dominicus) at Nantucket Island ; Auk, XXXIII, 1916, p. 199.

1917. Nichols, J. B. Rare birds in Sussex, American Golden Plover (Charadrius dominicus dominicus) shot at Rye, Sussex, Sept. 22, 1916 ; British Birds, XI, 1917, p. 45. Beaupre, E. The American Golden Plover in Eastern Ontario ; Ottawa Nat., XXXI, 1917, pp. 29-31. Butterfield, E. P. Golden Plover perching on a wall; British Birds, XI, 1917, p. 140. 1918.

Rowan, W. Power of Control over Deposition of Eggs ; Typical nesting sites of Golden Plover; British Birds, XII, 1918, pp. 42-43, 1 photo. 1921.

Jourdain, F. C. R. Pluvialis apricarius breeding on Bear Island ; Bull. B.O.C., XLII, p. 5. Meinertzhagen, A. C. Pluvialis apricarius oreophilos, subsp. nov.; Bull. B.O.C., XLII, p. 6. Mackay, G. H. Hudsonian Curlew and Golden Plover at Nan¬ tucket ; Auk, XXXVIII, 1921, p. 600.

1922. Smith, J. N. D. Hatching of the Golden Plover; British Birds, XVI, 1922, p. 55. Schioler, E. L. Nogle Tilfojelser og Bemaerkninger til Listen over Danmarks Fugle ; [Charadrius apricarius oreophilos in Den¬ mark], Dansk. Ornith. Foren. Tids., XVI, 1922, pp. 1-55. Wormald, H. Colour-change in the Golden Plover; Avicult. Mag. (3), XIII, 1922, pp. 59-60.

1923. Huber, W. Golden Plover in Cape May County, New Jersey; [Records Pluvialis dominicus dominicus on New Jersey Coast]. Auk, XL, 1923, pp. 122-123. Urner, C. A. Notes from Elizabeth, N.J. ; Pluvialis dominicus, occurs occasionally ; Auk, XL, 1923, p. 142.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries FAMILY CHARADRIIDiE 137

Rowan, W. Migrations of the Golden and Black-bellied Plovers in Alberta ; Condor, XXV, 1923, pp. 21-22. Falkiner, J. American Golden Plover at Singleton, Australia; Emu, XXII, 1923, p. 248. List of British Birds. Pluvialis apricarius altifrons (C. L. Brehm), Northern Golden Plover ; A List of British Birds, B.O.U., 1923, p. 26.

Douglas, J. N. Glandular secretion in the Golden Plover ; Scott. Naturalist, 1923, p. 85.

Genus CHARADRIUS=/EGIALITIS. Old nomenclature. Species and Subspecies :— Charadrius hiaticula hiaticula. Common ringed Plover. British form.

„„ tundrae. Siberian form. Charadrius placidus. Hodgson'sringed Plover. China and Japan. Charadrius dubius dubius. Little ringed Plover. Eastern form.

„„ curonicus. European form. „„ jerdoni. India, Borneo, etc. Charadrius peroni. India, Malayan Archi¬ pelago. Charadrius alexandrinus alexandrinus. Kentish Plover.

„ „ dealbatus. Siam.

„ „ seebohmi. Ceylon. Charadrius nivosus nivosus. American Snowy Plover. „„ tenuirostris. Cuban Snowy Plover. Charadrius melodus. American piping Plover. American „ semipalmatus. semipalmated Plover.

„ collaris. Azara's ringed Plover. Peru, etc.

„ occidentalis. Chile.

„ falklandicus. Falkland Islands. Charadrius pecuarius pecuarius. Kittlitz's Sand Plover. Africa generally. „ „ allenbyi. Egypt. Charadrius marginatus. S. Africa.

„ pallidus. Equatorial Africa.

„ venustus. E. Africa.

„ sanctae-helenee. St. Helena.

„ thoracicus. East Coast of Mada¬ gascar.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries 138 THE LITERATURE OF THE CHARADRIIFORMES

Charadrius ruficapillus ruficapillus. Australian red capped Plover.

„ „ tormenti. Pale red-capped Plover. Charadrius cueullatus cucullatus. Australian hooded Plover.

55 55 tregallasi. Western hooded Plover.

55 55 torbayi. S.W. Australia. Charadrius melanops melanops. Australianblack-fronted Plover.

„ „ marngli. N.W. black-fronted

Plover. <, Charadrius vociferus vociferus. American Kildeer Plover.

„ „ rubidus. W. Indian Kildeer.

„ „ peruvianus. Peruvian Kildeer. Charadrius tricollaris. Temminck's three- banded Plover. S. Africa. biirontatus. Madagascar. iorbesi. W. Africa.

The genera or subgenera Oxyechus, /Egialeus, Leucopolius, Paroxyechus, Pernettyva, Elseyornis, etc. etc., are all included in the above.

Note.—Hiaticula is often written incorrectly as hiaticola.

Literature, from 1894.

1895.

Richmond, C. W. Mgialitis thoracica, n. sp. East Coast of Mada¬ gascar ; P. Soc. Washington, X, pp. 53-54. Lileord, Lord. Mgialitis curonica and M. cantiana, fig. Col. Fig. Br. Birds, Vol. V, pp. 33-35, Pt. XXX, Feb., 1895.

Ogilvie-Grant, W. R. Mgialitis dubius, from the Catanduanes ; Ibis, 1895, pp. 266 and 472.

1896. Dresser, H. E. Mgialitis vocifera, figured; Suppl. Birds of Europe, Pt. VIII, pi. 708. Dresser, H. E. Mgialitis pecuaria, figured; Suppl. Birds of Europe, Pt. VIII, pi. 709.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries FAMILY CHARADRIID^E 139

Vallon, G. Mgialitis hiaticula, M. cantianus, M. minor, figured ; Boll. Soc. Adriat., XVIII, tav. vi, figs. 1-6. Richmond. C. W. Mgialitis pamirensis, n. sp., Pamir; P.U.S. Mus., XVIII, p. 589. Richmond, C. W. Mgialitis thoracica, n. sp., East Coast of Mada¬ gascar ; P. Soc. Washington, X, pp. 53 and 54. Raine, W. Mgialitis meloda circumcincta, nesting near Lake Manitoba ; Auk, XIII, p. 256.

1897. Clarke, W. G. Mgialitis hiaticula, inland breeding in Norfolk and Suffolk ; Zoologist, 1897, pp. 502-504.

1900.

Alexander, Boyd. Gharadrius pallidus Strickl., nesting on the Zambesi River ; Ibis, 1900, pp. 452-454. Reichenow, A. Gharadrius rufocinctus Rchw., n. sp., fr. Great Fish Bay, S.W. Africa; Ornith. Monatsber., VIII, p. 123, 1900. 1901. Lodge, R. B. Mgialitis hiaticula nesting in Middlesex within London Postal Area ; Zoologist, 1901, pp. 389 and 390. Sharpe, R. B. Mgialitis dubia, in Somaliland; P.Z.S. Lond., 1901, Vol. II, p. 314.

Hartert, E. Mgialitis pallida on the Benue River; Nov. Zool., VIII, p. 354. 1902. Kelso, J. E. H. Mgialitis hiaticula, unusual pest; Zoologist, 1902, pp. 28 and 29. Sharpe, R. B. Mgialitis venusta at Port Elizabeth, S.E. Africa ; Bull. B.O.C., XIII, p. 29. Berlepsch, H. Grae von, & Stolzmann, J. Mgialitis alticola, n. sp., Peruvian Andes ; P.Z.S. Lond., 1902, Vol. II, pp. 51 and 52.

1903.

Gurney, J. H. Mgialitis hiaticula, notes on its nidification ; Zoologist, 1903, pp. 129 and 130, pi. iii. Kelso, J. E. H. Nesting of the Ringed Plover (Mgialitis hiaticula) ; Zoologist, 1903, p. 193.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries 140 THE LITERATURE OF THE CHARADRIIFORMES

Riley, J. H. The Snowy Plover (Mgialitis nivosa), on Long Island, Bahamas ; Auk, XX, p. 433. King, LeRoy. Early record for the Piphig Plover (JEgialitis meloda) in Rhode Island ; Auk, XX, p. 305.

1904.

Pycraft, W. P. The Killdeer Plover in Great Britain; note re paper by Pycraft in Knowledge and Scientific News, Aug., 1904 (Vol. I, p. 187) ; [States he found a specimen of JEgialitis vocifera wrongly labelled as JE. hiaticula in University Museum, Aberdeen. Specimen was shot at Peterhead in 1867, makes the third record for Great Britain], Ibis, 1904, pp. 669 and 670. Pycraft, W. P. Killdeer Plover (JEgialitis vocifera), at Peterhead, in 1867 ; [Same bird as above]. Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., 1904, p. 247. Hepburn, T. The birds of North Kent, JEgialitis hiaticula, nesting notes ; Zoologist, 1904, pp. 168-173. Kelso, J. E. H. Nesting of the Ringed Plover {JEgialitis hiaticula) ; [Refers to Hepburn's paper, ante, p. 173]. Zoologist, 1904, pp. 265 and 266. Reiciienow, A. Charadrius rufocinctus, figured ; Deutsch. Teifsee Exped. Vog. taf. xxiii, figs. 1 and 2. Reichenow, A. Charadrius elegans Lcht. (Hiaticula elegans Lcht. Nomencl. 1854, 94 [nom. nud.]), from Tor, Arabia=large-billed form of Ch. alexandrina ; J. Ornith., 1904, p. 307. Howe, R. H. Killdeers (Oxyechus vociferus) at Allen's Harbour, R.I. ; Auk, XXI, p. 485.

1905.

Bryan, W. A. Notes on the American Birds collected in the Hawaiian Islands by Mr. Gerrit Wilder; Pap. B. P. Bishop Mus., II, pp. 53-56, Oxyechus vocifera (Maui), p. 56.

1906.

Curtis, W. P. The Ringed Plover {JEgialitis hiaticula), Dorchester ; Proc. Dorset. Nat. Hist., F. CI., i906, pp. 189-213, pis. 4-15.

1908. Ticehurst, N. F. Killdeer Plover in Kent; British Birds, II, pp. 169-170. Heatherly, F. Notes on the nesting of the Ringed Plover ; Zoo¬ logist, 1908, p. 365, pi. iii.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries FAMILY CHARADRIID^ 141

Lynes, H. Pebble nest of a Ringed Plover ; British Birds, II, p. 136, 1908-1909. Coward, T. A. Kentish Plover in Cheshire ; British Birds, II, p. 32. Haagner, A. Mgialitis tricollaris, eggs and bird photographed in situ ; Pretoria, J. S. Africa Ornith. Union, IV, pi. ii, fig. 2. Trevelyan, H. Abnormal eggs of the Ringed Plover; British Birds, II, 1908, pp. 134-135. Campbell, A. J. Mgialitis nigrifrons, curious nesting place; Emu, Melbourne, VII, p. 157.

Carroll, C. J. Mgialitis vocifera, in Romney Marsh ; Bull. B.O.C., XXIII, p. '25, 1908-1909. Pycraet, W. P. The nest of the Ringed Plover, and the bearing thereof on the evolution of Birds' Nests in General; British Birds, I, 1908, pp. 373-380, 5 pis.

1909.

Riley, J. H. On the name of the Antillean Killdeer ; [Oxyechus vociferus rubidus nom. n. for Gharadrius torquatus Linne, 1766, not torquatus Pontoppidan, 1763]. Washington Proc. Biol. Soc., XXII, 1909, p. 88. Trumbull, J. Ringed Plover (JEgialitis hiaticula), 700 miles from land ; Irish Nat., XVIII, p. 27.

1910. Bentham, H. Ringed Plover nesting in Surrey; British Birds, III, 1910, pp. 415-416. Buturlin, S. A. (Russian.) Mgialitis placida in Ussuri-land ; Mess. Ornith. Moskva, I, p. 266. Tugarinov, A. (Russian.) Mgialitis cantiana, Nisten im Gouv. Jenisseisk ; Nasa ochota, IV, 10, p. 72. Colthrup, C. W. Ringed Plovers' unusual clutches ; British Birds, IV, 1910, pp. 219-220.

1911. Atchison, G. T. Ringed Plover breeding inland in Northumber¬ land ; British Birds, V, 1911, p. 53. Medvedev, A. (Russian.) Mgialitis placida, in Sudussuri-Gebiet; Mess. Ornith. Moskva, II, p. 114.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries 142 THE LITERATURE OF THE CHARADRIIFORMES

1912.

Mathews, G. M. Charadrius cucullatus torbayi subsp. n., S.W. Australia ; Austral. Av. Rec., I, p. 30. Mathews, G. M. A reference list to the Birds of Australia. Charadrius bicinctus bicinctus (Double-banded Dottrel).

„„ incertus subsp. n. (Western Double- a&s banded Dottrel). s^ll Charadrius geojfroyi (Large Sand Dottrel). Charadrius mongolus (Mongolian Sand Dottrel). „ Charadrius veredus (Oriental Dottrel). Charadrius rujicapillus rujicapillus (Red-capped Dottrel). m ,; ,, tormenti subsp. - n. (Pale Red-

css st> capped Dottrel). o Charadrius melanops melanops (Black-fronted Dottrel). ss -+o ,, ,, n. , marngli subsp. (N.W. Black- CO T3 pi CD fronted Dottrel). Charadrius cucullatus cucullatus (Hooded Dottrel).

,, ,, tregellasi subsp. n. (Western Hooded Dottrel).

Nov. Zool., XVIII, pp. 216-218, 1912, No. 3, pp. 171-455.

1913.

Matiiews, G. M. Afroxyechus, proposed new generic name for type Oxyechus tricollaris (Vieill.) ; Bds. Australia, III, p. 124. Mathews, G. M. Paroxyechus, proposed new generic name for type Mgialitis placida (Gray) ; Bds. Australia, III, p. 114. Mathews, G. M. Pernettyva, proposed new generic name for type Mgialitis falklandicus (Latham) ; Bds. Australia, III, p. 114. Mathews, G. M. Helencegialus, proposed new generic name for type Mgialitis sanctce-helence (Harting); Bds. Australia, III, p. 114. Mathews, G. M. Elseya, proposed new generic name for type Mgialitis melanops (Vieill.); Bds. Australia, III, pp. 125-135. Mathews, G. M., & Ikedale, T. Leucopolius rujicapillus rujicapillus, Red-capped Dotterel in New Zealand; =Charadrius rujicapillus Temm. and Lang. A reference list of the Birds of New Zealand; Ibis, 1913, p. 253. Mathews, G. M. Leucopolius proposed new generic name for Charadrius rujicapillus ; Bds. Australia, III, p. 117.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries FAMILY CHARADRIIDA5 143

1914.

Lowe, P. R. A note on the Common Ringed Plover of the British Isles (Gharadrius hiaticola major) Seebohm, and on coloration as a factor in generic differentiation ; Ibis, 1914, pp. 395-403. Mathews, G. M. Elseyornis nom. emend, for Elseya ; Austr. Av. Rec., II, p. 87. 1915.

Nichols, J. B. Little Ringed Plover in Sussex ; [10th well authenti¬ cated British specimen, and 3rd for Sussex]. British Birds, IX, 1015, p. 97. Schioler, E. L. Lidt om Praestekraven, Mgialitis hiaticula L., og dens Races ; [The races of the Common Ringed Plover], Kjobenhavn, Ornith. Tids., IX, 1915, pp. 161-181. Lowe, P. R. Mgialitis hiaticola tundroe, subsp. n. ; Bull. B.O.C., XXXVI, 1915, pp. 7-9. Baume, W. L. Uber bemerkenswerte Westpreussiche Brutplatze des Flussenregenpfeifers (Charadrius dubius Scop.) nebst einem Beitrag zur kenntnis seiner Natrung ; Danzig Ber. bot.-zool. Ver., XXXVI, 1915, pp. 393-398. IIartert, E., & Jackson, A. C. Notes on some Waders ; Ghara¬ drius alexandrinus alexandrinus, G. a. dealbatus, G. a. seebohmi, nom. nov. Ceylon, G. a. nivosa ; Mgialitis homeyeri Brehm, an artefact; Gharadrius collaris and 0. dubius, races, etc. ; Ibis, 1915, pp. 526-534. 1916. Brown, W. J. The Sharp-shinned Hawk and Killdeer Plover (Oxyechus vocifera); Ottawa Nat., XXX, 1916, pp. 97-100, 113-114.

Ford-Lindsay, H. W. Killdeer Plovers in Sussex ; [Three seen on the marshes at Winchelsea, Nov. 12th, 1915, 2 shot]. British Birds, IX, 1916, p. 212. Gyldenstople, N. Zoological results of the Swedish Zoological expeditions to Siam, 1911-1912 and 1914-1915 ; [Mgialitis peroni recorded there]. IV, Birds II, Stockholm K. Vet. Ak. Handl., LVI, No. 2, pp. 1-160, 4 pis., 5 figs., 1 map. Persakov, A. A. (Russian.) Charadrius minor Meyer, nesting, etc. ; Ornith. et Avicult. Moskva, VI, 1915, pp. 1-22.

1917.

Parkin, T. Three birds new to the British List; Semi-palmated Ringed Plover (Charadrius semipalmatus) in Sussex ; [Shot at Rye, Sussex, April 8th, 1916]. British Birds, X, 1917, p. 254.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries 144 THE LITERATURE OF THE CHARADRIIFORMES

Witheeby, H. F. Remarks on the Semi-palmated Ringed Plover, with photo of bird described above ; [First record for British Isles]. British Birds, X, 1917, pp. 258-262, photo i. Bailey, S. W. Kildeer (Oxyechus vociferus vociferus) in Massachu¬ setts ; Auk, XXXIV, 1917, pp. 207-208. Cianini, C. A. Mgialitis semipalmata in Alaska ; Auk, XXXIV, 1917, p. 399. 1918. Kloss, C. B. On Birds recently collected in Siam; Charadrius alexandrinus dealbatus, notes on the recently recognized-race in Siam ; Ibis, 1918, p. 85. Nibe, T. Kochidori no hanshoku ni tsuite ; [On the breeding- habits of Charadrius minor], Dobuts, z. Tokyo, XXX, 1918, pp. 387-390. 1919. Williams, N. E. Killdeer (Oxyechus vociferus) nesting in West Haven, Conn. ; Auk, XXXVI, 1919, p. 105. Sopee, J. D. Growth of a Young Killdeer (Oxyechus vocifera voci- fera); Auk, XXXVI, 1919, p. 566. Faeley, J. A. Mating song of the Piping Plover [Mgialitis meloda); Auk, XXXVI, 1919, pp. 566-567. Obeeholseb, H. C. Notes on North American Birds ; Charadrius dubius curonicus, not Charadrius d. dubius, is the race occurring on the Pacific Coast of N. America ; Auk, XXXVI, 1919, p. 559. Witheeby, H. F. Notes on Birds observed near Dunkerque, Nord, France ; Charadrius dubius curonicus and C. a. alexandrinus, nesting habits near Dunkerque ; British Birds, XII, 1919, pp. 194-205. Robbies, C. A. A Colony of Cape Cod Piping Plover (Mgialitis meloda); Auk, XXXVI, 1919, pp. 351-355. Dabbene, R. Especies de aves poco comunes o neuvas para la Republica Argentina; JEgialitis alticola new to Argentina; Hornero, Buenos Aires, I, 1919, pp. 259-266 ; also Physis, Buenos Aires, IV, 1919, pp. 551-558. Obeeholseb, H. C. The Status of Charadrius rubricollis Gmelin ; Charadrius rubricollis must replace Charadrius cucullatus; Auk, XXXVI, 1919, pp. 278-279.

1920.

Chapman, F. M. Description of a proposed new race of the Killdeer from the Coast of Peru, Oxyechus vociferus peruvianus, subsp. n. ; Auk, XXXVII, 1920, pp. 105-108. Joubdain, F. C. R. On the eggs of Charadrius alexandrinus ; Bull. B.O.C., XLI, 1920, p. 14.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries FAMILY CHARADRIIDJ3 145

Lewis, H. F. Breeding of the Semipalmated Plover (Mgialitis semipalmata) in Yarmouth County, Nova Scotia; Auk, XXXVII, 1920, pp. 583-584. 1921. Jotjrdain, F. C. R. Gharadrius hiaticula breeding on Spitsbergen proper ; Bull. B.O.C., XLII, p. 5. Lowe, P. R. Remarks upon the status of Gharadrius {Mgialitis) placidus Gray; [Mathews had suggested that the placing of Hodgson's Plover (Mgialitis placidus) should be in a genus Paroxyechus. Lowe believes this to be wrong and states the bird should be placed in the genus Gharadrius (sens. str.)]. Bull. B.O.C., XLII, p. 19. Mathews, G. M. Birds of Australia, Vol. HI, p. 114. Rogers, C. H. Piping Plover Breeding in New Jersey (Gharadrius melodus); Auk, XXXVIII, 1921, pp. 600-601. Townsend, C. W. Note on the Breeding of the Semipalmated Plover (Mgialitis semipalmata) in Nova Scotia ; Auk, XXXVIII, 1921, p. 601. Smith, T. L. A Ringed Plover's " Nests " ; British. Birds, XV, 1921, pp. 26-32, 5 photos. Mathews, G. M., & Iredale, T. Elseyornis melanops, Black- fronted Dotterel; Manual Birds of Australia, I, 1921, p. 173. Nicoll, M. J. Gharadrius varius allenbyi Nicoll, subsp. n. ; Bull. B.O.C., XLII, 1921, p. 7. 1922. Bunyard, P. F. Little Ringed Plover in the Balearic Islands 5 [Discussion as to whether a small series of eggs shown by Jourdain as Kentish Plovers (Gharadrius alexandrinus) from the Balearic Islands taken in 1919-1920 were really those or just those of the Little Ringed Plover, G. dubius (Bull. B.O.C., XLI, 1921, p. 89). Bunyard believes they were those of the Little Ringed Plover], Ibis, 1922, pp. 214-216. Sclater, W. L. Gharadrius pecuarius (Temm.). States this is the correct name for the Kittlitz Sand-Plover. Hartert had sug¬ gested the name G. varius. This latter name is preoccupied ; Bull. B.O.C., XLII, pp. 72-73, 1921-1922. Munn, P. W. Little Ringed Plover in the Balearic Isles; [Dis¬ cussion as to whether some eggs taken there were Little Ringed Plover's or Kentish Plover's eggs. Vide Bunyard supra]. Ibis, 1922, pp. 388-389. Jourdain, F. C. R. Little Ringed Plover in the Balearic Isles ; [Adds to the discussion, vide supra]. Ibis, 1922, pp. 389-390. [Eggs in question were shown by Jourdain at the 8th Oological Dinner, Sept. 8,1921. They were taken by P. W. Munn.]

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries 146 THE LITERATURE OE THE CHARADRIIFORMES

Bettincjton, A. B. Hawk and Dotterels ; [Charadrius melanops, Black-fronted Dotterel, diving when pursued by Hawk]. Emu, XXI, 1922, p. 169. Wayne, A. T. A remarkable specimen of the Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus); Auk, XXXIX, 1922, p. 414. Mathews, G. M. Exhibition of a skin of Clmradrius hiaticola Linne from New South Wales ; [Specimen sent over from the Melbourne Museum on loan]. Bull. B.O.C., XLIII, 1922, p. 14. Beokmann, H. 0. Charadrius alexandrinus alexandrinus in Schwansen, South Schleswig ; Ornith. Monatsber., 1922, p. 99. Schioler, E. L. Nogle Tilfojelser og Bemaerkninger til Listen over Danmarks Eugle ; \Charadrius hiaticula tundrce in Denmark]. Dansk. Ornith. Eoren. Tids., XVI, 1922, pp. 1-55. James, H. W. Notes on the breeding-habits of South African Sand- Plovers ; [Three species of the genus Charadrius breed in Cape Colony : C. tricollaris, C. varius and C. marginatus]. Oologist's Record, II, 1922, pp. 1-6. Loveridge, A. Charadrius alexandrinus and C. hiaticula in East Africa ; P.Z.S., 1922, p. 862.

1923.

Astley, A. Shore-Bird's Method of obtaining Worms ; [Refers to Charadrius hiaticula']. British Birds, XVI, 1923, p. 228. Medlicott, W. S. Shore-Bird's Method of obtaining Worms ; [Refers to Astley's letter, B.B., XVI, p. 228, supra, and says that the Kentish Plover (Charadrius alexandrinus) also obtains food by a rapid vibration of one foot on the wet sand], British Birds, XVI, 1923, p. 292. Joy, N. H. Ringed Plover (Charadrius hiaticula) in Berkshire ; British Birds, XVI, 1923, p. 204. Cohn, M. Photographing the Dotterel; [Photographs of Black- fronted Dotterels (Charadrius melanops) and Red-kneed Dotterels (Erythrogonys cinctus) at their nests]. Emu, XXII, 1923, p. 244. Granvik, H. Charadrius varius, C. li. hiaticula and C. tricollaris at Lake Naivasha, E. Africa ; J. Ornith., LXXI, Sonderheft, Feb. 15, 1923, p. 33. Ticehtjrst, N. F. Shore-Bird's Method of obtaining Worms ; [Enters into discussion vide supra, and states that the Rev. R. N. Dennis noticed a Purre jumping and dancing on the sand to draw up the shore worms, April 11, 1849]. British Birds, XVI, 1923, p. 316. Johnson, C. E. Charadrius semipalmatus, Semipalmated Plover, in Lake County, Minnesota ; Auk, XL, 1923, p. 548.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries FAMILY CHARADRIID^E 147

Bannerman, D. A. Oxyechus forbesi (Forbes's Plover) on the Ivory Coast; Ibis, 1923, p. 745. Glegg, W. E. Ringed Plover (Gharadrius hiaticula) at Staines Reservoir, Middlesex ; British Birds, XVII, 1923, p. 143. Doolittle, E. A. Breeding of Piping Plover (Gharadrius melodus) in Lake Co., Ohio ; Auk, XL, 1923, p. 691. May, F. H. Piping Plover and Black Tern nesting at North Pond, Lake Ontario ; Auk, XL, 1923, pp. 690-691. McKeown, K. Charadrius melanops at Murrumbidgee, Australia ; Erflu, XXIII, 1923, pp. 44. Barbour, T. Oxyechus vociferus vociferus, American Killdeer, in Cuba ; 0. v. rubidus Riley, West Indian Killdeer, resident race in Cuba; Birds of Cuba, 1923, p. 69 (Memoirs of the Nuttall Ornithological Club, No. VI, pis. iv).

Genus CIRREPIDESMUS=OCHTHODROMUS. Old nomen¬ clature. Name invalid owing to prior use of Ochthedromus. Species and Subspecies :—■ Cirrepidesmus obseurus. New Zealand Dotterel. „ leschenaultii. Geoffroy's sand Plover. Cirrepidesmus wilsonia wilsonia. Wilson's Plover.

„ „ beldingi. Belding's Plover.

„ „ cinnamomina. Cinnamomeous Plover.

„ „ rufinucha. Dominican Republic. Cirrepidesmus mongolus mongolus. Mongolian sand Plover.

„„ atrifrons. Cirrepidesmus bicinctus bicinetus. Australian double-banded Dotterel.

„ „ incertus. Cirrepidesmus asiaticus. Asiatic or Caspian Plover. „ veredus. Oriental or Eastern Dot¬ terel.

The genera or subgenera Pluviorhynchus, Pagoa, Pagolla, Nesooeryx, Eupodella and Eupoda, Mathews, are included in the above. Note.—G. pyrrhothorax=C. mongolus atrifrons. G. geojfroyi— C. leschenaultii. New nomenclature.

Literature, from 1894. 1902. Grinell, J. The Wilson Plover (/Egialitis wilsoni) in California ; Auk, XIX, p. 197.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries 148 THE LITERATURE OF THE CHARADRIIFORMES

1905. Oberholser, H. C. OchtJwdromus asiaticus in the Kilimanjaro region, East Africa ; P.U.S., Mus., XXVIII, p. 837.

1906. Buturlin, S. A. Mgialiiis pyrrhothorax vom Issyk-Kul; Psov. i ruzejn. ochota, 1906, p. 318. 1909. Fulton, E. The Dotterel of New Zealand (Gharadrius [Ochtho¬ dromus'] bicinctus) performing antics to lead intruders from its nest; Ibis, 1909, p. 384. 1910. Dove, H. S. Double-banded Dotterel (Ochthodromus bicinctus ?) breeding in Tasmania ; Emu, IX, 1910, p. 248. Buturlin, S. A. (Russian.) JEgialitis geofjroyi, Verbreitung und Nist platze ; Mess. Ornith. Moskva, I, p. 94.

1911. Ford-Lindsay, H. W. Caspian Plovers in Sussex; [2 Caspian Plovers [JEgialitis asiatica), and $, shot Romney Marsh, July 13th, 1911]. British Birds, V, 1911, p. 115.

1912.

Mathews, G. M. A reference list to the Birds of Australia ; Nov. Zool., XVIII, pp. 216-218, 1912, No. 3, pp. 171-455.

1913. Mathews, G. M. Eupodella, proposed new generic name for Ochtho¬ dromus veredus (Gould) vice Eupoda Brandt, 1845, preocc. by Eupodes Koch, 1835 ; Bds. Australia, III, p. 83. Mathews, G. M. Pagoa proposed new generic name for Gharadrius [Ochthodromus) geofjroyi (Wagler) ; Bds. Australia, III, p. 98. Mathews, G. M. Pagoa (Gharadrius) geofjroyi egg described ; Bds. Australia, III, p. 295. Mathews, G. M. Subdivision of the Genus Ochthodromus of the Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., Vol. XXIV. States Ochthodromus is untenable on account of the prior use of Ochthedromus. (Hartert, however, does not agree with this.)

Genus PLUVIORHYNCHUS

Species : Pluviorhynchus obscurus (New Zealand Dotterel). Bill very stout and long, less than middle toe and claw ; meta¬ tarsus short and thick ; size large.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries FAMILY CHARADRIIDiE 149

Genus PAGOA

Species : Pagoa geoffroyi. Bill very stout and long, longer than middle toe and claw ; metatarsus short; size medium.

Genus OCHTHODROMUS or PAGOLLA

Species : Ochthodromus Bill stout and short, equal to middle toe and claw ; meta¬ tarsus short; size small.

• Genus CIRREPIDESMUS

Species : Cirr&pidesmus mongolus, bicinctus and pyrrhothorax= atrifrons. Bill stout and short, less than middle toe without claw ; meta¬ tarsus short; size small.

Genus EUPODELLA or EUPODA

Species : Eupodella asiatica, E. vereda. Bill long and slender, longer than the middle toe, metatarsus long, twice as long as the bill, or more than twice as long as the middle toe ; size medium. Bds. Australia, III, 1913, pp. 83-94.

1914. Mathews, G. M. Pagoa leschenaultii must replace P. geoffroyi; Austr. Av. Rec., II, 1914, pp. 87.

1917. Peters, J. L. Birds from the Northern Coast of the Dominican Republic ; Pagolla wilsoni ruffnucha, subsp. characters ; Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., LXI, 1917, pp. 391-426.

1918. Mathews, G. M. Additions and corrections to my 1913 list; Hiaticula inornata Gould=Girrepidesmus mongolus (Pall.) ; Aust. Av. Rec., Ill, 1918, pp. 159-160. McGregor, R. C. New or Noteworthy Philippine Birds, ii; Ochthodromus veredus occurring in the Philippines ; Phil. J. Sc., Manilla, P.I., 13D, 1918, pp. 1-18, 3 pis., 10 text figs. Oberholser, H. C. A Review of the Plover Genus Ochthodromus Reichenbach, and its nearest allies ; Trans. Wisconsin Acad., XIX, 1918, pt. I.

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1919. Ridgway, R. Pagolla wilsonia beldingi (Belding's Plover), Lower California to Peru ; Birds of N. and M. America, Part VIII, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 50, p. 113. Ridgway, R. Pagolla wilsonia cinnamomina (Cinnamomeous Plover), subsp. n.; Birds of N. and M. America, Part VIII, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 50, p. 113.

1920.

Mathews, G. M. Nesoceryx, proposed new generic name for type Gharadrius bicinctus ; Bull. B.O.C., XLI, 1920, p. 35.

1921. Mathews, G. M., & Ieedale, T. Nesoceryx bicinctus, Double- banded Dotterel (Gharadrius bicinctus); Manual Birds of Australia, I, 1921, pp. 166-167.

Bartels, M. Ueber einige fiir Java neue Vogel, ii; [Ochthodromus mongolicus recorded there]. Treubia, Batavia, I, 1921, pp.. 161-162. 1923.

Ticehurst, C. B. The young of Gharadrius mongolus atrifrons in down ; [Exh. of specimen for Mr. H. Whistler]. Bull. B.O.C., XLIII, 1923, p. 72.

Granvik, H. Gharadrius asiaticus asiaticus at Kendu, E. Africa ; J. Ornith., LXXI, Sonderheft, Feb. 15, 1923, p. 34.

Stidolph, R. H. D. Birds of the Wairarapa Plains ; Gharadrius bicinctus, Banded Dotterel nesting there ; Emu, XXIII, 1923, pp. 25-26, 1 pi. Whistler, H. The Lesser Sand-Plover (Gharadrius mongolus altifrons) and its breeding haunts ; [Records the species as breeding at 14,000 feet, at Chandra Lake, Himalayas]. Field, CXLII, No. 3705, Dec. 27, 1923.

Genus ZONIBYX Species :— Zonibyx modestus. Falkland Island Dotterel.

Literature, 1894. Aplin, O. V. Eudromias modestus (Uruguay in Winter) ; Ibis, 1894, p. 206.

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Genus AFHRIZA Species :— Aphriza virgata. Surf Bird, N. America.

Literature, from 1894. 1895. Elliot, I). G. Aphriza virgata ; N. Amer. Shore Bds., p. 197, with tab. A.O.U, List. Aphriza virgata ; A.O.U. Check List of N. Amer. Bds., 2nd ed., p. 103. 1902. Hartert, E. Aphriza virgata in N.W. Ecuador ; Nov. Zool., IX, 1902, p. 605. 1903. Godman, F. D. Aphriza virgata in South America, Peru, Chile, etc. ; Biol. Cent. Amer. Aves, III, 1903, p. 353.

1907. Swarth. Aphriza virgata on Kuiu Island, S. Alaska ; Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., VII, 1907, p. 55.

1910. Dabbene, R. Aphriza virgata at Straits of Magellan ; Orn. Argen¬ tina, 1910, p. 216. 1913. Dawson, W. L. A glimpse of Surf Birds (Aphriza virgata); Condor, XV, 1913, pp. 5-8, figs. vi.

1919. Ridgway, R. Aphriza virgata, Surf Bird ; [Classes the single genus in a Family of its own, the Aphrizidse]. Bds. N. and M. America. Part VIII, 1919, pp. 59-61.

1923.

Brooks, A. Aphriza virgata, Surf Bird, on Porcher Island, B.C. ; Auk, XL, 1923, p. 220. Gabrielson, I. N. Aphriza virgata on the Oregon Coast, U.S.A.; Condor, XXV, 1923, p. 110.

Note.—Aphriza virgata has sometimes been placed with the Charadriidse or sometimes with the Arenariidse. Ridgway (vide supra) states that it is quite distinct from either and places it in a separate family, the Aphrizidse.

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* 152 THE LITERATURE OE THE CHARADRIIFORMES

Genus ANARHYNCHUS Species :— Anarhynchns frontalis. Wry-billed Plover.

Literature, 1896. Sharpe, R. B. Anarhynchus frontalis ; Cat. B. Brit. Mus., XXIV, 1896, p. 306.

Genus PLUVIANELLUS Species :— Pluvianellus sociabilis. Magellan Plover. -

Literature, from 1894. 1896. Sharps, R. B. Pluvianellus sociabilis ; Cat. B. Brit. Mus., XXIV, 1896, p. 303.

Genus THINORNIS Species :— Thinornis novse-zealandise. Sand Snipe. New Zealand.

„ rossi.

Literature, from 1893. Forbes, H. O. Thinornis novce-zealandice; Ibis, 1893, p. 528, pi. xiv, figs. 5, 6, pi. xv, fig. 2.

1894. 1896.

Siiarpe, R. B. Thinornis rossi, distinct from T. novce-zealandice ; Cat. B. Brit. Mus., XXIV, 1896, p. 305.

Subfamily VANELLIN/E

Genus VANELLUS Species :— Vanellus vanellus. Lapwing.

Literature, 1894. Howse, R. Vanellus vanellus, nesting habits ; Nat. Hist. Tr. Northumb., XI, pp. 363-366.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries FAMILY CHARADRIIDiE 153

1898.

Meyer, A. B. Vanellus vanellus, skel. figured ; Vogel-Skel. Lief., XXIV, Taf. ccxl, A, 1898. Cordeattx, J. Disappearance of Vanellus vanellus in North Lincolnshire ; Zoologist, 1898, p. 272.

1900. Teenier, L. Geographical Distribution of Vanneau huppe (Vanellus cristatus) in France ; Ornis., X, pp. 77-96.

1901.

Fleming, J. H. European Lapwing in the Bahamas ; Auk, XVIII, p. 272. Selous, E. Habits of and observations upon the Peewit, Vanellus vanellus; Zoologist, 1901, pp. 339-350.

1902. Clarke, W. E. Vanellus vanellus migration; Rep. Brit. Assoc., 1902, pp. 277-283. Selous, E. Diary of the Peewit (Vanellus vulgaris), etc.; Zoologist, 1902, pp. 133-144. 1904. Froiiawk, F. W. On Sexual variation in the wing of the Lapwing (Vanellus vulgaris); Ibis, 1904, p. 446. Harington, H. H. The Lapwing or Peewit (Vanellus vulgaris) in the Upper Chindwin, Burma ; J. Bombay Soc., XV, p. 723. Frohawk, F. W. Sexual variation in wings of Lapwing ; Exh. of specimens ; Bull. B.O.C., XIV, p. 62, 1903-1904. Warren, R. Peewit swimming ; Zoologist, 1904, p. 389.

1905.

Nichols, A. R. A peculiar case of necrosis in a Lapwing's foot; Irish Natural., XIV, pp. 32 and 33. Kelso, J. E. H. Peculiar Nests and Nesting Sites of the Lapwing (Vanellus vulgaris) ; Zoologist, 1905, pp. 108 and 109.

1907.

Wemer, P. Einiges vom Kiebitz, Vanellus vanellus; Munster. Jahresber. Prov. Ver. Wiss., XXXV, 1907, pp. 125-133. Uskov, S. Vanellus cristatus, Nestbau ; Mater, izuc. Perm. Kraja, Permi, III, 1906.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries 154 THE LITERATURE OE THE CHARADRIIFORMES

Graul, W. Zur entwicklung von Vanellus cristatus ; Arch. Natg., Berlin, LXXIII, I, 1907, pp. 153-180, Taf. 2. Cerva, E. Nesting of Vanellus vanellus; Aquila, XIV, 1907, pp. 211-215. 1908.

Rattray, R. H. Lapwing's nest with 5 eggs; British Birds, II, p. 136. Rabl, H. Entwicklung Vanellus cristatus; Arch. mikr. Anat. Bonn., LXXII, 1908, pp. 731-815, 5 taf. Kielland, J. Z. Hvordan viben spiser ; [Vanellus, food habits]. Bergen, Naturen, XXXII, 1908, pp. 231-234. Baudoin, M. Albinism in Vanellus cristatus; Nantes, Bui. Soc. Sci. Nat., XVIII, 1908, pp. 37-39. Elton, H. B. Amputation of Lapwing's toes by means of wool; British Birds, II, 1908-1909, p. 281.

1909.

Hunter, W. Habits of the Lapwing in Dumfriesshire ; Dumfries Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc., XX, 1909, pp. 185-199. Grosser, O., & Tandler, J. Normantefel zur Entwicklungs- geschichte des Kiebitzes, Vanellus cristatus; vi+58, 3 taf., Jena, 1909. Inglis, C. M. Occurrence of the Peewit (Vanellus vulgaris) in Tirhut; Bomb. J. Nat. Hist. Soc., XIX, 1909, p. 262.

1910.

Ticehurst, C. B. On a curious horn-like excrescence on a Lapwing ; British Birds, IV, 1910-1911, fig. 14. Lynes, H. Manoeuvres of Lapwing in defence of young ; British Birds, IV, 1910, p. 157. Detmers, E. Beobachtungen an altein gefangenen Kiebitzen ; Gefied. Welt Magdeburg, XXXIX, 1910, pp. 115-116,122-123.

1911. Reboussin, R. Les colonies de Vanneaux huppes (Vanellus cris¬ tatus, Mey. et W.) dans les environs de Sarge (Loir et Char.) ; Paris, Rev. d'Orn. fr., II, 1911, pp. 156-163, pi. Leege, O. Der Kiebitz ; Ornith. Monatschr., XXXVI, p. 97, taf. 1. Wemer, P. Neues vom Kiebitz ; Mitt. Vogelwelt. Nurnberg, XI, 1911, pp. 65-69, 87-90. Brook, S. E. Lapwings (Vanellus cristatus) in the pairing season ; Zoologist, XV, 1911, pp. 298-304.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries FAMILY CHARADRIIDAE 155

1915.

Haviland, M. D. Notes on the Courtship of the Lapwing; Zoologist, XIX, 1915, pp. 217-225. Atchison, G. T. Arrangement of eggs in clutches of five of Snipe and Lapwing ; British Birds, IX, 1915, pp. 50-51, photos 3.

1917.

Smith, T. " Twin " Nests of Lapwing ; British Birds, XI, 1917, pp. 46-47. Stubbs, F. J. On a blue egg of the Lapwing ; Essex. Nat., XVIII, 1917, pp. 105-106. Bustard , P. F. Erythristic eggs of Vanellus vanellus; Bull. B.O.C., XXXIX,'1919, pp. 87-98.

1920.

Corbet, A. S. Lapwing's nest with five eggs ; British Birds, XIV, 1920, p. 46.

1921. Hafferl, A. Zur Entwickelungs geschicte des Kopfarterien beim Kiebitz (Vanellus cristatus); Anat. Hefte, Wiesbaden, I, Abth., LIX, 1921, pp. 521-574, 6 plates, 6 text figs.

Genus CHETTUSIA==CHiETUSIA. Old nomenclature.

Species :— Chettusia gregaria. Sociable Plover.

Literature, from 1894. 1895. Irby, L. H. L. Vanellus gregarius; Orn. Str. Gibraltar, 2nd ed., 1895, p. 272.

1896.

Shelley, G. E.- Vanellus gregarius ; Bds. Africa, I, 1896, p. 189. Sharpe, R. B. Cat. B. Brit. Mus., XXIV, 1896, pp. 174 and 736. Lilford, Lord. Vanellus gregarius, fig. Col. Fig. Br. Birds, Vol. V, p. 24, Pt. XXXIII, Nov., 1896.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries 156 THE LITERATURE OE THE CHARADRIIEORMES

1898.

Griffoli, G. A. Chcetusia gregaria, in Italy ; Avicula, II, pp. 34 and 35.

1899. Saunders, Howard. Chcetusia gregaria, in Co. Meath, Ireland; [Shot 1st Aug., 1899, 2nd occurrence in British Isles]. Bull. B.O.C., X, p. xv, 1899-1900.

Williams, E. The occurrence of the Sociable Plover in Ireland ; Irish Nat., VIII, pp. 233 and 234, pi. 10.

1900.

Madarasz, Julius v. Chcetusia gregaria Pall., in Ungarn erlegt; Ornith. Monatsber., VIII, p. 170.

1906.

Patrizi Montoro, E. Sopra una Chettusia gregaria (Pallas) 1. Pavoncella gregaria colta nell' Agro Romano, Roma ; Bolo Soc. Zool., ital., Ser. 2, 1906, pp. 70-71.

1907. Ticehurst, C. B. Sociable Plover (Chcetusia gregaria) in Kent; Brit. Birds, I, 1907, p. 57.

Ticehurst, C. B. On the occurrence of Vanellus gregarius in Kent; Bull. B.O.C., XIX, p. 85, 1906-1907. [Third British record.]

1910. Griffith, A. E. Sociable Plover (Chettusia gregaria Pall.) in Sussex ; [Exh. of two out of four examples obtained between Rye and Winchelsea, between the 25th and 27th of May, 1910, by a man named Thorpe. Mr. J. B. Nichols had the other two specimens for his collection]. Bull. B.O.C., XXVII, 1910- 1911, p. 28.

1915.

Nichols, J. B. Sociable Plovers in Sussex ; [3 Chettusia gregaria shot near Winchelsea, 1st, May 9th, 1914 ; 2nd, May 11th ; 3rd, May 18th], British Birds, IX, 1915, pp. 156-157.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries FAMILY CHARADRIIDA3 157

Genus VANELLOCHETTUSIA

=EUHYAS. Old nomenclature. Nom. preocc. Genus of reptiles, 1843.

=EURYPTBRUS. Nom. also preocc. Species :—• Vanellochettusia leucura. Egypt, Europe and India. White- tailed Lapwing.

1852. Lehmann, A. Reise nach Buchara und Samarkand, in den jahren 1841-1842 : Zoologischer Anhang von J. F. Brandt; [Vanel¬ lochettusia ljew generic name proposed for Ghettusia leucura\. Beitrage zur Kenntniss des Russischen Reiches und der angranzenden Lander Asiens, St. Petersburg, XVII, 1852, p. 324. Literature, from 1894. 1896.

Sharps, R. B. Euhyas, n.g. [vice Eurypterus Sharpe, t.c., p. 171, nom. prseocc.], type E. leucura (Licht.) ; Cat. B. Brit. Mus., XXIV, pp. 171 and 736, 1896.

1899.

Oberholser, H. C. Some untenable names in Ornithology ; Euhyas Sharpe, nomen. emend. Zapterus; P. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1899, p. 201. 1920.

Evans, W. The nest of a Mesopotamian Plover (Ghettusia leucura) ; Ibis, 1920, pp. 731-732, pi.*

Genus EUDROMIAS Species:— Eudromias morinellus. Dotterel.

Literature, from 1894. Witherby, H. F. Eudromias morinellus in Haddingtonshire in May ; Zoologist, 1894, p. 266.

1896. Vallon, G. Eudromias morinellus, figured; Boll. Soc. Adriat., XVIII, tav. v, figs. 4 and 5.

* For Nest and Eggs. Vide also Dresser, Ibis, 1902, p. 177, Witherby, Ibis, 1903, p. 565.

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1901.

Aplin, O. V. Eudromias rnorinellus, in Merionethshire ; Ibis, 1901, pp. 517-518. 1903.

Cummings, S. G. Eudromias rnorinellus, in Cheshire ; Zoologist, 1903, p. 230. Aplin, 0. V. On the Dotterel (Eudromias morindlus) in Wales; Ibis, 1903, pp. 133-135. 1904.

Mackay, H. The Dotterel (Eudromias morindlus) in Jersey ; Zoologist, 1904, p. 349. Dresser, II. E. Eudromias rnorinellus, nesting' in the Taimyr Peninsula ; Ibis, 1904, p. 229.

1905.

Laver & Cornish. Eudromias rnorinellus at Foulness Island j Essex Natural., XIV, p. 71.

1906.

Angelini, G. Contributo alia conoscenza delle migrazione in Italia e dei costumi dell' Eudromias rnorinellus L. ; Avicula, X, 1906, pp. 2-9. 1907.

Bianchi, V. Eudromias und benachbarte gattungen . . . Synopsis der arten fur alle Altersstafin, Aves expeditionis. P. K. Kozlowi, 1899-1901 (Die Mongolei und das Land Kham, etc.) ; St. Petersburg (3, 58, 251 mit 4 Taf. und 1 Karte). Clarke, W. E. Eudromias rnorinellus on the Flannan Islands ; Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., 1907, p. 53.

1909.

Stubbs, F. J. The Dotterel (Eudromias rnorinellus) near Oldham ; Lanes. Nat. H. S., 2, p. 76.

1910. Robertson, J. Dotterel in Bute (Eudromias rnorinellus); Glasgow Nat., II, 1910, p. 142. 1911.

Stewart, W. Dotterel in Lanarkshire ; British Birds, V, 1911, pp. 79-80. 1912. Borrer, C. Early breeding of Dotterel; British Birds, VI, 1912, p. 67.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries FAMILY CHARADRIIDA5 159

1913. Poliakov, G. I. (Russian.) Eudromias morinellus, nesting in Gouv. Semipalatinsk ; Mess. Ornith., IV, Beilage, p. 204.

1916.

Cummings, S. G. Dotterel in North Wales ; British Birds, X, 1917, p. 189. Finnila, C. Keraja kurmitsan (Charadrius morinellus) elintavoista ja pesimissuhteista ; [Habits and nesting of the Dotterel]. Helsinki Luonnon Ystava, XX, 1916, pp. 178-185, pi.

1917. Haviland, M. D. Notes on the Breeding-habits of the Dotterel on the Yenesei ; British Birds, XI, 1917, pp. 6-11, photos 2. Meares, C. S. Field notes on the Nesting of the Dotterel in Scot¬ land ; British Birds, XI, 1917, pp. 12-14.

1919. Humphreys, G. R. Dotterel in Co. Dublin ; British Birds, XIII, 1919, p. 61. 1920. Blackwood, G. G. Notes on the Breeding-habits of the Dotterel (Eudromias morinellus) in Scotland ; Scott. Nat., 1920, pp. 185-194.

Forrest, H. E. Dotterel in Carnarvonshire ; British Birds, XIV, 1920, p. 45. 1922.

Bryan, B. Dotterel in Staffordshire ; British Birds, XVI, 1922, p. 55. 1923. Gilroy, N. Observations on the nesting of the Dotterel (Charadrius morinellus); Oologists' Record, III, 1923, pp. 1-7.

Genus STEPHANIBYX Species and Subspecies :— Stephanibyx coronatus. Crowned Lapwing, Africa. Stephanibyx melanopterus melanopterus. Africa.

„„ minor. Africa. Stephanibyx inornatus.

Literature, from 1894. 1895. Sharpe, R. B. Stephanibyx coronatus ; P.Z.S., 1895, p. 514.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries 160 THE LITERATURE OE THE CHARADRIIFORMES

1896.

Shelley, G. E. Stephanibyx coronatus, melanopterus and inornatus ; Bds. Africa, I, 1896, p. 188.

1905. Oberiiolser, H. C. Stephanibyx coronatus (Charadrius coronatus) in the Kilimanjaro Region, E. Africa ; P.U.S., Mus., XXVIII, p. 837. Erlanger, C. von. Stephanibyx melanopterus, S. coronatus, Beitrage zur Vogelfauna Nordostafrikas ; J. Ornith., 1905, pp. 64 and 65. 1907. Taylor, C. H. Stephanibyx melanopterus in the Transvaal, eggs described ; Pretoria, J. S. Afr. Ornith. Union, 1907, pp. 40-42.

1908.

Zedlitz, O. Graf. Stephanibyx melanopterus minor, subsp. n., S. and E. Africa ; Ornith. Monatsber., XVI, p. 180.

1910. Bucknill, J. A., & Gronvold, G. H. Stephanibyx melanopterus, eggs figured ; J. S. Afr. Orn. Union, VI, p. 32, pi. ii, fig. 11.

1912.

Grote, H. Stephanibyx inornatus, egg fig. ; J. Ornith., LXI, p. 507, pi. IX, fig. 5. 1915. Grant, C. H. B. Stephanibyx coronatus and S. melanopterus, Points of distinction, etc. ; Ibis, 1915, p. 56.

1921. James, H. W. Stephanibyx coronatus (Crowned Lapwing) in the Cradock and Tarkastad Districts, Cape Province; South African Journ. of Nat. Hist., Ill, 1921, p. 180.

Genus PTILOSCELYS Species:— Ptiloscelys resplendens. Grey-crested Spurred Lapwing. Peru.

Literature, from 1894. 1919.

Chubb, C. Ptiloscelys resplendens ; Ibis, 1919, p. 262.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries FAMILY CHARADRIIDA3 161

Genus HOPLOXYPTERUS Species :— Hoploxypterus cayanus. Three-toed Cayenne Lapwing.

Literature, from 1894. 1896.

Sharpe, R. B. Hoploxypterus cayanus; Cat. B. Brit. Mus., XXIV, pp. 135 and 732. KoENidsWALD, G. Hoplopterus cayanus ; J. Ornith., 1896, p. 101.

1899. Ihering, H. v. Hoploxypterus cayanus; Revista Mus. Paulista, III, 1899, p. 428. 1902.

Berlepsch, H. G. v., & Hartert, E. Hoploxypterus cayanus; Nov. Zool., IX, 1902, p. 129.

1903.

Salvin, 0., & Godman, F. D. Hoploxypterus cayanus; Biol. Central America, Aves, III, 1903, p. 349. Goeldi, E. A. Hoplopterus spinosus ; Ibis, 1903, p. 500.

1906.

Berlepsch, H. G. v., & Stolzmann, J. Hoploxypterus cayanus; Ornis, XIII, 1906, p. 102.

1907.

Hagmann, G. Hoploxypterus cayanus; Zool. Jahrb., 1907, p. 44. Hellmayr, C. E. Hoplopterus cayanus; Nov. Zool., XIV, 1907, p. 29. 1908.

Snethlage, E. Hoploxypterus cayanus; J. Ornith., 1908, pp. 23, 516, 538. Hellmayr, C. E. Hoplopterus cayanus; Nov. Zool., XV, 1908, p. 101. Berlepsch, H. G. v. Hoploxypterus cayanus; Nov. Zool., XV, 1908, p. 304. 1919.

Ridgway, R. Hoploxypterus cayanus, Cayenne Plover; Bds. of N. and M. America, Part VIII, 1919, pp. 70-71. m

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n 162 THE LITERATURE OF THE CHARADRIIFORMES

Genus BELONOPTERUS

Species and Subspecies :— Belonopterus cayennensis cayennensis. Cayenne Lapwing. „ „ molina. Chilian Lapwing. „„ grisescens. N. Chile.

Literature, from 1894. 1896. Lilfoed, Loed. Vanellus cayennensis pairing with Sarciophorus pectoralis in an Aviary, in England ; Ibis, 1896, pp. 425 and 426. Peazak, J. P. Vanellus grisescens, n. sp., N. Chile; Ornith. Monatsber., IV, p. 23, 1896.

1901.

Oustalet, E. Belonopterus chilensis, nesting habits ; C. R. Congr. Orn., Ill, p. 196. 1906.

Hagmann, G. Ornithologisches von der Insel Mexiana, Amazonen- strom ; Description of Belonopterus cayennensis eggs ; Ornith. Monatsber., 1906, p. 106.

1910.

Pozzi-Escot. Sur un oiseau de la famille des coureurs, particulier aux hauts sommets des Andes peruviennes (Belonopterus chilensis); Paris, C. R. Acad. Sci. cl., 1910, pp. 888-889.

1912.

Grant, C. H. B. Notes on some South American Birds. Vanellus chilensis, V. grisescens, V. cayennensis, specific distinctions; Ibis, 1912, p. 274. 1920. Hudson, W. H. Birds of La Plata. Vanellus cayennensis; fig. iii col., p. 178. 1921.

Lowe, P. R. Belonopterus cayennensis molina, subsp. nov.; Bull. B.O.C., XLI, 1921, p. 111.

1923. Delacotte, J. Belonopterus cayennensis (Gmel.) in the States of Guarica and Apure in Venezuela ; Ibis, 1923, p. 139. Henninger, W. F. Natal Plumage of Belonopterus cayennensis; Auk, XL, 1923, p. 122.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries FAMILY CHARADRIIDA5 163

Genus HEMIPARRA=DEFILIPPIA. Old nomenclature.

Nom preocc. in Diptera. Species and Subspecies :— Hemiparra crassirostris crassirostris. Thick-billed Lapwing,Africa „ „ leucoptera. White - winged thick-billed Lapwing.

Literature, 1894. Siiarpe^ R. B. Defilippia burrowsii, n. sp. ; Bull. B.O.C., IV, No. XX, p. iv (=£>. leucoptera (Reichen) ; id. t.c., p. vii).

1896.

Sharp®, R. B. Defilippia leucoptera, figured ; Cat. B. Brit. Mus., XXIV, pi. vii, fig. i. D. crassirostris, figured ; id., t.c., pi. vii, fig. 2. 1899. Oberholser, H. C. Some untenable names in Ornithology; Defilippia Salvadori, nomen emend. Hemiparra; P. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1899, p. 202. 1909.

Reichenow, A. Hemiparra hybrida, sp. n.; Ornith. Monatsber., XVII, 1909, p. 42. 1922. van Someren, V. G. L. Hemiparra crassirostris Hartl., Thick- billed Plover occurs in Uganda (Masindi). H. leucoptera Rchw., White-winged Thick-billed Plover said to occur in Uganda, but author thinks not; Nov. Zool., XXIX, 1922, p. 15.

Genus XIPHIDIOPTERUS Species :— Xiphidiopterus albiceps. Black-thighed Lapwing. Africa.

Literature, from 1894. 1900. Reiciienow, A. Xiphidiopterus albiceps, in Uhehe, East Africa; Ornith. Monatsber., VIII, p. 4.

1907. Neave, S. A. Collection of Birds from N.E. Rhodesia ; Xiphidiop¬ terus albiceps in N.E. Rhodesia; Manchester Mem. Lit. Phil. Soc., LI, No. 10, p. 12.

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O 164 THE LITERATURE OF THE CHARADRIIFORMES

1913. Mathews, G. M. Xiphidiopterus cucullatus (Temm.)=X. tricolor (Horsf.). Proposes to create a new genus for this, viz. Rogibyx ; Bds. Australia, III, p. 41.

c, . Genus ROGIBYX Species :■— Rogibyx tricolor. Literature, from 1894. 1913.

Mathews, G. M. Rogibyx n. gen. for Xiphidiopterus cucullatus= X. tricolor (Horsf.) more correctly; Bds. Australia, III, p. 41.

Genus TYLIBYX Species :—- Tylibyx melanocephalus. N.E. Africa.

Literature, from 1894. 1896. Shelley, G. E. Sarciophorus melanocephalus; Bds. Africa, I, p. 188.

Genus MICROSARCOPS Species :— Microsarcops cinereus. Grey-headed Wattled Lapwing.

Literature, from 1894. 1896. Sharpe, R. B. Microsarcops, n.g., type M. cinereus (Blyth) ; Cat. B. Brit. Mus., XXIV, 1896, p. i33.

Genus LOBIVANELLUS=SARCOGRAMMUS. Old nomenclature.

Species and Subspecies :— Lobivanellus indicus indieus. Red Wattled Lapwing. India.

„ „ aigneri.

„ „ atronuchalis.

Literature, from 1894. 1896. Dresser, H. E. Lobivanellus indicus, figured; Suppl. Birds of Europe, Pt. IX, pi. 710.

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1913.

Laubmann, A. Eine neue Form aus Baluchistan ; Sarcogrammus indicus aigneri subsp. n. ; Falco Halle, IX, 1913, pp. 30-31.

1917.

Symons, C. T. Note on the breeding-habits of the Did-he-do-it (iSarcogrammus indicus) ; Spol. Zeylan., X, 1917, pp. 397-398.

Genus LOBIPLUVIA Species :— Lobipluvia malrbarica. India and Ceylon.

Literature, from 1894. 1919.

Stewart, J. Remarks on the eggs of Sarciophorus malabaricus (The Yellow Wattled Lapwing) ; Bull. B.O.C., XL, 1919, pp. 30-32.

Genus OREOPHOLUS*

Species and Subspecies :—• Oreopliolus ruficollis ruficollis. Patagonia.

„ „ totanirostris. Chile.

„ „ simonsi.

Literature, from 1894.

Aplin, 0. V. Oreophilus ruficollis in Uruguay ; Ibis, 1894, p. 207.

1919.

Chubb, C. Oreophilus ruficollis simonsi, subsp. n.; Ibis, 1919, p. 262. 1920. Hudson, W. H. Birds of La Plata; Oreophilus ruficollis fig. in colour; p. 189. 1921. Lowe, P. R. Oreophilus ruficollis totanirostris, n. race; Bull. B.O.C., XLII, p. 19.

* This name is usually incorrectly written as Oreophilus. Jardine and Selby (Illus. Ornithology, iii, 1835, pi. 151) named the bird Oreopholos totanirostris—Charadrius ruficollis, Wagler. Agassiz's emendation Oreophilus cannot stand.

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Genus PODASOCYS Species :— Podasocys montanus. Mountain Plover. West U.S.A.

Literature, from 1894. 1895.

A.O.U. Check List. Mgialitis montana ; A.O.U. Check List, N. Amer. Bds., 2nd ed., p. 103. Elliot, D. G. JEgialitis montana ; N. Amer. Shore Bds.r p. 194, with tab.

1911. Saunders, A. A. Podasocys montanus breeding in Gallatin Co., Montana ; Auk, XXVIII, 1911, p. 35. Phillips, J. C. Podasocys montanus at Tamaulipas ; Auk, XXVIII, 1911, p. 74.

1912. Criddle, N. Popular and Practical Ornithology, III, The Upland Plover (Podasocys montanus), habits, etc. ; Ottawa Nat., XXVI, 1912, p. 61.

1913.

Bunker, Podasocys montanus, a common summer resident in Western Kansas ; Kansas Univ. Sei. Bull., VII, 1913, p. 145.

1917. Brooks, W. S. A New Record for New England; Mountain Plover (Podasocys montanus Towns.) taken at Chatham, Mass.; Boston Soc. of Nat. Hist.; Auk, XXXIV, 1917, p. 86.

1918.

Bradbury, W. C. Notes on the Nesting of the Mountain Plover (Podasocys montanus); Condor, XX, 1918, pp. 157-163, 8 photos. 1919. Ridgway, R. Podasocys montanus (Mountain Plover); Birds N. and M. America, VIII, 1919, pp. 104-107.

1923.

Hoffmann, R. Mountain Plover (Podasocys montanus) on the Southern Border of California ; Condor, XXV, 1923, p. 106.

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Subfamily L0BIBYXINJ5.

Genus LOBIBYX=LOBIVANELLUS. Old nomenclature.

Species and Subspecies :— Lobibyx novse-hollandise novse-hollandiee. Latham's Wattled Lapwing, or Spur- winged Plover.

„ „ gracemeri. N. Queensland. Lobibyx miles personatus. Masked Plover.

„ harterti. Eastern Masked Plover.

Vi. Literature,' from 1894. 1912.

Mathews, G. M. Lobibyx miles harterti subsp. n. N. Queensland, (Eastern Masked Plover); Nov. Zool., XVIII, p. 215.

1913.

Mathews, G. M. Lobibyx. Proposes to restrict the genus Lobibyx to the Australian species, and would introduce the term Afribyx for the African species, with Afribyx lateralis Smith the type (=Lobivanellus or Vanellus lateralis Smith); Bds. Australia, III, p. 41.

1915.

Mathews, G. M. Lobibyx novce-hollandice gracemeri, subsp. n. Queensland ; Austr. Av. Ree., II, p. 126.

1921. Mathews, G. M., & Iredale, T. Lobibyx miles, Lesser Masked Plover ; Manual Birds of Australia, I, 1921, p. 175. Mathews, G. M., & Iredale, T. Lobibyx novce-hollandice, Spur- winged Plover ; Manual Birds of Australia, I, 1921, pp. 175- 176. 1923. McKeown, K. Lobibyx novce-hollandice, Spur-winged Plover, in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area, Australia; Emu, XXIII, 1923, p. 44. Alexander, W. B. Some Masked Plovers on the Brisbane River ; [Records a Masked Plover, Lobibyx miles, feeding close to a flock of Spur-winged Plovers, Lobibyx novce-hollandice']. Emu, XXIII, 1923, p. 148.

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Genus AFRIBYX==LOBIVANELLUS. Old nomenclature. Species and Subspecies :— Afribyx senegallus senegallus.

„„ major. Afribyx lateralis.

Literature, from 1894. 1913.

Mathews, G. M. Afribyx n. gen. for the African forms of the genus Lobibyx, with A. lateralis Smith, the type {=Lobivanellus or Vanellus lateralis Smith); Eds. Australia, III, p. 41.

1914.

Neumann, 0. Lobivanellus senegallus major, subsp. n. N. Abys¬ sinia ; Ornith. Monatsber., XXII, 1914, p. 8.

1923. Granvik, H. Lobivanellus senegallus lateralis (A. Sm.), in the Elgon Region, E. Africa ; J. Ornith., LXXI, Sonderheft, Feb. 15, 1923, p. 36. Bannerman, D. A. Afribyx senegallus senegallus on the Ivory Coast; Ibis, 1923, p. 746.

Genus ZONIFER=SARCIOPHORUS. Old nomenclature.

Species and Subspecies :— Zonifer tricolor tricolor. Australian Black-breasted Plover.

„ „ gwendolense.

Literature, from 1894. 1896.

Sharpe, R. B. Zonifer, n.g., type Z. tricolor (Vieill.); Cat. B. Brit. Mus., XXIV, 1896, p. 154. Lileord, Lord. SarciopJiorus pectoralis laying in England and pairing with Vanellus cayennensis in an Aviary ; Ibis, 1896, pp. 425 and 426. 1907. Blaauw, F. E. Australian Black-breasted Plover (SarciopJiorus pectoralis) breeding in confinement, nestling described; Bull. B.O.C., XIX, pp. 102-104, 1906-1907. Blaauw, F. E. Zonifer tricolor=Lobivanellus pectoralis, nesting in confinement; J. Ornith., 1907, p. 623.

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1910.

Lb Souef. Can birds retain their eggs ? [Quotes an example of the Black-breasted Plover (Zonifer tricolor) doing sol. Emu, IX, 1910, p. 162. 1912.

Mathews, G. M. Zonifer tricolor gwendolence subsp. n. (Western Black-breasted Plover), S.W. Australia; Nov. Zool., XVIII, p. 216. 1918.

White, S. A. Notes upon the Black-breasted Plover (Zonifer tricolor Vieillot) ; S. Aus. Ornith. Adelaide, III, 1918, pp. 229- 231, photos 3. 1921. Leake, B. W. Black-breasted Plover and Young; Emu, XXI, 1921, pp. 148-149. Mathews, G. M., & Iredale, T. Zonifer tricolor, Black-breasted Plover; Manual Birds of Australia, I, 1921, p. 177.

1923.

McKeown, K. Zonifer tricolor at Murrumbidgee. Australia ; Emu, XXIII, 1923, p. 44.

Genus HOPLOPTERUS Species :— Hoplopterus spinosus. Egyptian spur-winged Lapwing.

„ ventralis. India.

„ speciosus. Africa.

Literature, from 1894. 1905. Oberholser, H. C. Hoplopterus speciosus in the Kilimanjaro region, E. Africa ; P.U.S., Mus., XXVIII, p. 837.

1913. Jourdain, F. C. R. Spur-winged Plover (Hoplopterus spinosus L.) breeding in Cyprus ; Bull. B.O.C., XXXIII, p. 84.

1923.

Granvik, H. Hoplopterus speciosus ([Licht.] Wagl.), very common at Lake Naivasha, E. Africa ; J. Ornith., LXXI, Sonderheft, Feb. 15, 1923, p. 36.

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Genus SARCIOPHORUS Species and Subspecies :— Sarciophorus tectus tectus. Crested Wattled Lapwing.

„ „ latifrons. E. Africa.

Literature, from 1894. Reichenow, A. Sarciophorus latifrons ; Vog. deutsch-ost-Afrika, 1894, p. 36.

Genus ERYTHROGONYS Species and Subspecies :— Erythrogonys cinctus cinctus. Red-kneed Dotterel. Australia.

„ „ mixtus. Western Red-kneed Dotterel.

Literature, from 1894. 1912.

Mathews, G. M. Erythrogonys cinctus mixtus, subsp. n. (Western Red-kneed Dotterel) ; Nov. Zool., XVIII, p. 215.

1913. Mathews, G. M. Erythrogonys cinctus cinctus, Red-kneed Dotterel; E. c. mixtus, Western Red-kneed Dotterel; Bds. Australia, III, 1913, pp. 35-39. 1921. Mathews, G. M., & Iredale, T. Erythrogonys cinctus, Red-kneed Dotterel; Distribution Australia generally, not Tasmania ; Manual Birds of Australia, I, 1912, p. 178.

1923. Cohn, M. Photographing the Dotterel; [Photographs of Black- fronted Dotterels (Gharadrius melanops) and Red-kneed Dotterels (Erythrogonys cinctus) at their nests]. Emu, XXII, 1923, p. 244. Littlejohns, R. T. The Red-kneed Dotterel (Erythrogonys cinctus), 1 photo; Emu, XXII, 1923, pp. 318-319.

Genus ANOMALOPHRYS Species :— Anomalophrys superciliosus. W. Africa.

Literature, from 1894. 1896. Sharpe, R. B. Anomalophrys, n.g., type A. superciliosus (Reichen.); Cat. B. Brit. Mus., XXIV, 1896, p. 156.

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Subfamily HiEMATOPODINyE

Genus HZEMATOPUS Species and Subspecies :— Black and white species of Oyster Catcher. Hsematopus ostralegus ostralegus. Europe.

„ „ osculans. China.

„ „ finschi. New Zealand.

„„ longirostris. Australia. J „ „ reischeki. New Zealand.

„ „ picatus. N.W. Australia. Hsematopus palliatus palliates. America, U.S., etc.

„„ frazari. Lower California and southwards.

„„ galapagensis. Galapagos Islands.

„ pratii. Bahamas.

„ „ dumfordi. Patagonia. Hsematopus leucopodus. Falkland Islands, Patagonia. Black species. Hsematopus bachmani. N.W. America, Aleutian Islands, Columbia, California. Hsematopus townsendi.* Pacific coast of S. America, south of Peru, Straits of Magellan, Falkland Islands. Hsematopus moquini moquini.f S. Africa.

„ „ meade-waldoi. Canary Islands. Hsematopus unicolor unicolor. Australia and New Zealand.

„ „ iuliginosus.

„ „ ophthalmicus.

„ „ bernieri.

Literature, from 1894. 1896.

Newton, A. The Oyster Catcher ; Dictionary of Birds, 1893-1896, pp. 681-683.

Ridgway, R. Hcematopus, ascertained range of the genus in the Galapagos Archipelago, with a synopsis of the American White- bellied Hsematopi; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIX, pp. 621-625.

* Syns. H. ater, Ii. quoyi. ■\ Syns. H. niger, H. capensis.

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Sharpe, R. B. Hcematopus durnfordi, n. sp. Patagonia; Cat. B. Brit. Mus., XXIV, pp. 117-118, pi. VI. Dresser, H. E. Hcematopus moquini; Suppl. Birds of Europe, Pt. VII, pi. 711. 1897.

Martens, G. H. Hcematopus finschi, n. sp., New Zealand ; Ornith. Monatsber., V, pp. 190 and 191.

1899.

Rothschild, W. Hcematopus reischeki, n. sp., Kaiparu, "New Zealand ; Bull. B.O.C., X, pp. iv and v, 1899-1900. Rothschild, W. Hcematopus finschi =H.longirostris; Bull. B.O.C., X, pp. iv and v, 1899-1900. Wilson, S. B., & Evans, A. H. Hcematopus knudensi, figured; Aves Hawaiiensis, Pt. VII.

1901. Brewster, W. Hcematopus palliatus in Massachusetts; Auk, XVIII, p. 136. 1904.

Patten, C. J. Swimming powers of the Oyster Catcher (Hcematopus ostralegus); Zoologist, 1904, pp. 431 and 432.

1905.

Reed, E. C. Una obra importante sobre la Patagonia; Note on Hcematopus palliatus ; Revist. Chilena, IX, pp. 49 and 50, fig. 2. Erlanger, C. von. Hcematopus ostralegus; Beitrage zur Vogel- fauna Nordostafrikas ; J. Ornith., 1905, p. 55.

1906.

Martens, G. H. Merkmale fur die diagnose von Hcematopus longirostris von H. finschi Martens ; [Believes the two distinct. Remarks upon H. reischeki also]; Ornith. Monatsber., 1906, pp. 90-93. 1908.

Dewar, J. M. Notes on the Oyster Catcher with reference to its habits of feeding upon the mussel (Mytilus edulis) ; Zoologist, 1908, pp. 201-212. 1909. Grabham, O. Hcematopus ostralegus, nesting at Spurn, Yorks; Naturalist, 1909, pp. 307-308, fig. 2.

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1910.

Dewar, J. M. Preliminary note on the manner in which the Oyster Catcher (Hcematopus ostralegus) attacks the purple shell (Purpura lapillus) ; Zoologist, XIV, 1910, pp. 109-112. Buturlin, S. A. Hcematopus ostralegus longipes subsp. n. Gouv. Tomsk und Lenkoran ; (Russian plus Eng. diagnosis) ; Mess. Ornith. Moskva, I, p. 36. Grinnell, J. Birds of the 1908 Alexander Alaska expedition, lyith a note on the avifaunal relationships of the Prince William Sound District; Hcematopus bachmani, growth of bill discussed and figured; Berkeley Cal. Univ. Publ. Zool., V, 1910, pp. 361—428, pis. xxxiii-xxxiv. Osburn, P. I. The nesting of the Frazar Oyster Catcher (Hcema¬ topus frazari) ; Condor, XII, 1910, p. 73.

1911.

Foster, N. H. Oyster Catchers following the Plough ; British Birds, IV, 1911, p.^317. Buturlin, S. A. (Russian.) Hcematopus osculans, Sachalin beschreibung ; Nasa ochota, V, 17, p. 4.

1912.

Segerstrale, L. Jungen Austernfischer ; [Nestling of Hcematopus ostralegus from Finnish Islands, fig.]. Aquila, XIX, 1912, pp. 452-453, Col. Taf. Mathews, G. M. Hcematopus longirostris mattingleyi, subsp. n.; Nov. Zool., XVIII, p. 213.

Mathews, G, M. Hcematopus unicolor bernieri subsp. n., H. u. fuliginosus, H. u. ophthalmicus ; Nov. Zool., XVIII, p. 214.

Brabourne, Lord, & Chubb, C. Hcematopus quoyi, nom. n. for Hcematopus ater Sharpe (nec Vieill.) of the Falkland Islands ; Birds of South America, I, p. 37.

1913.

Dewar, J. M. Further observations on the feeding habits of the Oyster Catcher, Hcematopus ostralegus; Zoologist, 1913, pp. 41-56. Willford, H. The Oyster Catcher, Hcematopus ostralegus; Avicult. Mag., V, 1913, pp. 45^17, pis. 2.

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Poliakov, G. I. (Russian.) Hcemcitopus ostralegus longipes, habits in Gouv. Semipalatinsk; Mess. Ornith. Moskva, IV, 1913, Beilage, p. 93, 1 Taf. Charlemagne, E. vel (Schajrlemann). (Russian.) Hcematopus ostralegus borysthenicus, subsp. n. Gouv. Kiev. Russia; Kiev. Trav. Soc. Ornith., I, 1913, pp. 1-12 + Res. franc. 12-13. Rowan, W. Breeding-habits of Oyster Catchers ; British Birds, VII, 1913, pp. 200-201. Bannebman, D. A. Hcematopus niger meade-waldoi, subsp. n. Eastern Canary Islands ; [Differs in some points from H. fiiger, more correctly H. moquini, the Black Oyster Catcher found in S. Africa]. Bull. B.O.C., XXXI, 1912-1913, pp. 33-34. Mathews, G. M. Prohcematopus, subgeneric term for the Falkland Island Oyster Catcher, the H. quoyi (H. ater) of Brabourne and Chubb ; Bds. Australia, III, p. 12.

1914.

Wigman, A. B. Aberratie in Nestwijze en Eieren-aantal bij den scholekster ; Ardea, III, 1914, pp. 127-130, pi. iv. Bannerman, D. A. An ornithological expedition to the Canary Islands; Hcematopus niger meade-waldoi, fig. with add. description ; Ibis, 1914, p. 279.

1915.

Dewar, J. M. The relation of the Oyster Catcher to its natural environment; Zoologist, XIX, 1915, pp. 281-291, 340-346, 376-383, 426-431, 458-465.

1918. Oberholser, H. C. Mutanda ornithologica III, Hcematopus quoyi Brab. and Chubb, is antedated by II. townsendi Aud. ; Washing¬ ton Proc. Biol. Soc., XXXI, 1918, p. 47.

1919. Laubmann, A. Zum Vorkommen des Austernfischers (Hcematopus ostralegus ostralegus L.) im Regierungsbezirk Schwaben und Neuberg ; Ornith. Monatsber., XXVII, 1919, pp. 27-30.

1920.

Dewar, J. M. The Oyster Catcher's progress to maturity ; British Birds, XIII, 1920, pp. 207-213.

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1921. Dbwar, J. M. American Oyster Catcher feeding on Oysters; British Birds, XIV, 1921, pp. 215-216. Ticehurst, N. F. On Former Breeding-places of the Oyster Catcher and Black-headed Gull in East Sussex ; British Birds, XV, 1921, pp. 6-9. Malloch, T. Six eggs in an Oyster Catcher's nest; Scott. Nat., 1921, p. 134. Backmbister, W. Uber das Vorkommen des Austernfischers (.Hcematopus ostralegus L.) in Wurttemberg ; Verhand. ornith. Gres. im Bayern, XV, 1921, pp. 45-51. Mathews, G. M., & Iredale, T. Hcematopus unicolor, Black Oyster Catcher ; Distribution, Australia generally and Tasmania ; Manual Birds of Australia, I, 1921, p. 158.

1922. Sclater, W. L. Hcematopus moquini Bonap. correct name for the Black Oyster Catcher of South Africa ; Bull. B.O.C., XLII, 1922, p. 72. Dewar, J. M. Oyster Catchers opening Oysters; British Birds, XV, 1922, p. 244. * Dewar, J. M. Ability of the Oyster Catcher to open oysters, and its bearing upon the History of the Species; British Birds, XVI, 1922, pp. 118-125. Bring, C. J. Large clutch of Oyster Catcher's eggs ; British Birds, XVI, 1922, pp. 136-137. Note on by Jourdain, F. C. R.,| Ibid. Forrest, H. E. Oyster Catchers in Shropshire ; British Birds, XVI, 1922, p. 192. Potter, J. K. Oyster Catcher on the New Jersey Coast; Auk, XXXIX, 1922, pp. 564. Loveridge, A. Hcematopus ostralegus at Dar-es-Salaam in 1918 ; P.Z.S., 1922, p. 862. 1923. Brooks, A. Hcematopus baclimani, Black Oyster Catcher, breeds on Porcher Island, B.C. ; Auk, XL, 1923, p. 220. Asheord, W. J. Unusual nest of Oyster Catcher ; British Birds, XVII, 1923, p. 87. Turtle, L. J. White Egg of Oyster Catcher ; [Taken at Sark, June 27th, 1923]. British Birds, XVII, 1923, p. 168, photo. Low, G. C. Note on the nomenclature of the South American Black Oyster Catcher, Hcematopus townsendi Audubon. ; Bull. B.O.C., XLIV, 1923, pp. 16-18. Low, G. C. Note on the classification of the species and subspecies of Hcematopus ; Bull. B.O.C., XLIV, 1923, pp. 18-20.

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Subfamily HIMANTOPODIN/E

Genus HIMANTOPUS Species and Subspecies :—• Himantopus himantopus himantopus. Black-winged Stilt. „ „ minor (?). Madagascar. Himantopus mexicanus. American Stilt.

„ melanurus. Brazil and Chile.

„ knudseni. Hawaiian Islands. Himantopus leucocephalus leucocephalus. White-headed Stilt. Australia.

„„ assimilis. N.W. Australia.

„ „ timorensis. Celebes.

„ „ albus. New Zealand Stilt. Himantopus melas. Black Stilt of New Zealand.

Literature, from 1894. 1900.

Rothschild, W. Himantopus lcnudseni, Jigured ; Avif. Laysan, Part III, pi. lxxvii. 1904.

Herman, 0. Himantopus himantopus, figured ; Aquila, XI, tab. iv, pi. after p. 404. 1905. Oberholser, H. C. Himantopus himantopus, in the Kilimanjaro Region, East Africa ; P.U.S., Mus., XXVIII, p. 839.

1907.

Anfrie, E. Note sur une Echasse blanche (Himantopus candidus Bonnat.) tuee a Quiberville (Seine inferieure) ; Rouen, Bui. Soc. Amis. Sci. Nat., XLI, 1906, pp. 58 and 59. Chernel, I. Himantopus himantopus in Ungarn ; Aquila, XIV,' 1907, p. 181. 1911.

Ticehurst, N. F. Black-winged Stilt in Sussex ; British Birds, IV, 1911, p. 252. 1912.

French, C. J. Note on the White-headed Stilt, Himantopus leucocephalus, Gould.; Vict. Nat., XXVIII, 1912, p. 182. Mathews, G. M. Hypsibates leucocephalus leucocephalus, H. I. assimilis subsp. n., N.W. Australia (White-headed Stilt); Nov. Zool., XVIII, p. 219.

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1913. Mathews, G. M., & Iredale, T. Hypsibates leucocephalus albus (Ellman), New Zealand Stilt. Remarks on nomenclature, etc. A reference list of the Birds of New Zealand ; Ibis, 1913, p. 255. Mathews, G. M. Hypsibates leucocephalus timorensis, subsp. n. East Timor, Celebes ; Bds. Australia, III, p. 150. Ford-Lindsay, H. W. Stilts in Kent; British Birds, VII, 1913, p. 174. 1915. Hinchliff, F. B. Black-winged Stilt in Devon; Field, 20, XI, 1915, Note on ; British Birds, IX, 1916, p. 215.

• # 1917. Williams, W. J. Black-winged Stilt in Ireland; British Birds, X, 1917, p. 251. 1919. Williams, J. Himantopus mexicanus, Black-necked Stilt, at St. Mark's, Fla. ; Auk, XXXVI, 1919, p. 587. *

1920. Mullens, W. H. Black-winged Stilt in Kent; British Birds, XIII, 1920, p. 272. Portal, M. Black-winged Stilt in Wigtownshire ; British Birds, XIV, 1920, p. 164. 1921. Portal, M. Black-winged Stilt in Wigtownshire; [This species has only been found with certainty some 8 times in Scotland]. Scott. Nat., 1921, p. 27 ; vide also British Birds, XIV, 1920, p. 164, supra. Baxter, E. V., & Rintoul, L. J. Black-winged Stilt (Himantopus ° himantopus) at Scatfield, Moray Firth, Scotland, 18th May, 1920, and at Ryan, Wigtownshire, Oct., 1920 ; Scott. Nat., 1921, p. 108. Mathews, G. M., & Iredale, T. Himantopus leucocephalus, White- headed Stilt; Manual Birds of Australia, I, 1921, p. 153.

1922.

Sclater, W. L. Himantopus himantopus ; [Believes there are no grounds for the recognition of a Madagascan race. Bangs had proposed separating the Stilt of Madagascar as a new race under the name of Hypsibates himantopus minor]. Bull. B.O.C., XLII, p. 73. n

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J 178 THE LITERATURE OF THE CHARADRIIFORMES

Joy, N. H. Shovelers Breeding and Occurrence of Black-winged Stilts and other unusual birds in Berkshire; British Birds, XVI, 1922, p. 54. Wallis, H. M. Stilts at the Reading Corporation Sewage Farm ; [Same birds as described by Joy, vide supra]. Bull. B.O.C., XLIII, 1922, p. 47. Plocq, E. L'Echasse en captivite; Rev. d'Orn. fr., XIV, 1922, pp. 374-376, fig. 1. Loveridge, A. Himantopus himantopus at Tabora, East Africa (11.12.18); P.Z.S., 1922, p. 862.

1923. Low, G. C. Recent Occurrences of the Black-winggd Stilt (Himan¬ topus himantopus) in Great Britain and Ireland ; Bull. B.O.C., XLIII, 1923, pp. 76-78. Granvik, H. Himantopus himantopus himantopus on Lake Nai- vasha, East Africa; J. Ornith., LXXI, Sonderheft, Feb. 15, 1923, p. 37. Stidolph, R. H. D. Birds of the Wairarapa Plains ; Himantopus leucocephalus, White-headed Stilt, present there; Emu, XXIII, 1923, p. 26.

Genus CLADORHYNCHUS Species and Subspecies :— Cladorhynchus leucocephalus leucocephalus. Banded Avocet of Australia.

„„ rottnesti, W. Australia sub¬ species. Literature, from 1894. 1912. Mathews, G. M. Cladorhynchus leucocephalus rottnesti, subsp. n. (Banded Stilt), W. Australia ; Austral. Av. Rec., I, p. 31.

Genus RECURVIROSTRA Species and Subspecies :— Recurvirostra avosetta. The Avocet.

„ americana. American Avocet.

„ andina. Peruvian Avocet. Recurvirostra novse-hollandise novse-hollandise. Australian Avocet.

„ „ stalkeri. Western variety. Literature, from 1894. 1899. Baylis, E. Recurvirostra avocetta, in Dorset; Zoologist, 1899, p. 32.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries FAMILY CHARADRIIDiE 179

1902. Fleming, J. H. American Avocet (Recurvirostra americana) and American Three-toed Woodpecker at Toronto; Auk, XIX, p. 79. Philippi, R. A. Recurvirostra andina, figured; An. Mus. Chile, XV, pi. xxxii.

1905. Braislin, W. C. Avocet (Recurvirostra americana) in New Jersey ; Auk; XXII, p. 78.

1906.

Alexander, H. <3. Avocet near Rye ; Zoologist, 1906, p. 152.

1907. Pocock, R. I. Recurvirostra avocetta, nesting in the Zoological Gardens ; Avicult. Mag. Brighton (2), V, 1907, pp. 258-263. Chernel, I. Recurvirostra avocetta in Ungarn ; Aquila, XIV, 1907, p. 181.

1908. Arnow, I. F. American Avocet (Recurvirostra americana) in Camden Co., Georgia ; Auk, XXV, 1908, p. 473.

1910. Tugarinov, A. (Russian.) Recurvirostra avocetta, bei Krassno- jarsk ; Mess. Ornith. Moskva, I, p. 280. Allen, A. A. Recurvirostra americana, in Ithaca, N.Y., during the fall of 1909 ; Auk, XXVII, p. 344. Ford-Lindsay, H. W. Avocets in Sussex ; British Birds, IV, 1910, p. 220.

1912. Mathews, G. M. Recurvirostra novce-hollandice novce-Jwllavdice (Eastern Red-necked Avocet), R. n.-h. stalkcri, subsp. n. (Western Red-necked Avocet), N. Territories, Australia ; Nov. Zool., XVIII, p. 220.

1914.

Best, M. G. S. Notes on breeding-habits of Avocets ; Brit. Birds, VIII, 1914, pp. 58-62. Witiierby, H. F. Avocet in Suffolk ; British Birds, VIII, 1911, p. 174.

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1915. Hildebrandt, H. Uber Recurvirostra avosetta L. in Schleswig- Holstein ; Ornith. Monatsber., XXIII, 1915, pp. 174-175.

1916. Lindner, F. Sabelschnabler (Recurvirostra avosetta); Ornith. Monatschr., XLI, 1916, pp. 193-202, 2 pis. Oordt, G. J. v. Overwintering van Kluiten in Zeeland ; [Winter¬ ing of Recurvirostra avosetta in Zeeland]. Ardea, Leiden, V, 1916, pp. 83-86. 1918.

Tischler, F. Recurvirostra avosetta im Binnenlande von Ost- preussen ; Ornith. Monatsber., XXVI, 1918, p. 99.

1919.

Oordt, G. J. v. The Avocet wintering in Holland ; British Birds, XII, 1919, pp. 239-240. Popham, H. L. The Avocet wintering in Holland ; British Birds, XII, p. 260. Oordt, G. J. v. Ueberwinterung des Sabelschnablers im Holland ; Orn. Monatsber., XXVII, 1919, pp. 61-62.

1921.

Carroll, C. J. Glossy Ibis and Avocet in Co. Wexford ; British Birds, XIV, 1921, p. 188. Turner, E. L. The Avocet at Home ; British Birds, XIV, 1921, pp. 194-202, 4 photos. 1922.

Boston, F. K. Avocets washed np in Lancashire ; British Birds, XV, 1922, p. 274. Glegg, W. E. Avocet in Kent and Black Guillemot in Essex; [Refers to an immature Avocet obtained at Yantlet, Kent, in August, 1901]. British Birds, XVI, 1922, p. 193. Becicmann, H. O. Recurvirostra a. avosetta L. in Schwansen, South Schleswig ; Ornith. Monatsber., 1922, p. 100. Sarlay, J. Recurvirostra avocetta ; Aquila, XXIX, 1922, p. 191.

1923. Stoddard, H. L. Recurvirostra americana, Avocet, from Partridge Lake, Waupaca County, Lake Michigan, Oct. 21st, 1921; Auk, XL, 1923, p. 321.

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McKeowh, K. Recurvirostra novce-hollandice at Murrumbidgee, Australia ; Emu, XXIII, 1923, p. 44. Glegg, W. E. Avocets in North Kent; [Recorded the occurrence of an Avocet at Yantlet, Kent, Brit. Birds, XVI, p. 193. Now records another obtained at same place, Nov., 1908, in the collection of Mr. F. W. Herrtage. These birds wrongly recorded in Field, Nov. 14th, 1908, as having been obtained in Essex]. British Birds, XVII, 1923, p. 169.

Subfamily PELTOHYATINM

Genus PELTOHYAS

Species and Subspecies :— Peltohyas australis australis. Eastern Australian Dotterel.

„ „ whitlocki. Western Australian Dotterel.

Literature, from 1894. 1896.

Shabpe, R. B. Peltohyas, n.g., type P. australis (Gould); Cat. B. Brit. Mus., XXIV, 1896, p. 307.

1910.

Whitlock, F. L. Dottrel (Peltohyas australis), nest photographed ; Emu, IX, 1910, p. 189. 1913. Mathews, G. M. Peltohyas australis australis, Eastern Dotterel; P. a. whitlocki, Western Dotterel; [Introduces this genus under the family Glareolidse]. Bds. Aust., Ill, 1913, pp. 337-341.

1920.

McGilp, J. N. Eudromias australis (Australian Dotterel) ; S. Aust. Ornith., V, 1920, pp. 49-52.

1921. Mathews, G. M., & Ibedale, T. Peltohyas australis, Dotterel; Manual Birds of Australia, I, 1921, p. 184.

1922. McGilp, J. N. The drinking habits of the Australian Dotterel, Peltohyas australis; S. Aust. Ornith., VI, 1922, pp. 155-156.

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Subfamily IBIDORHYNCHINA3

Genus IBIDORHYNCHA Species :— Ibidorhyneha struthersii.* Ibis-billed Curlew.

Literature from 1894.

Cordeaux, W. W. Ibidorhynchus struthersi; Ibis, 1894, p. 373.

. 1897.

Cordeaux, W. W. Ibidorhynchus struthersi, nest described ; Ibis, 1897, pp. 563 and 564.

1907.

Dresser, H. E. Ibidorhynchus struthersi, eggs figured ; Ibis, 1907, pp. 322-323, pi. vi, figs. 4 and 5.

Johansen, II. Dunenkleid von Ibidorhynchus struthersi ; Ornith. Monatsber., XV, 1907, pp. 99 and 100.

Sciialow, II. Notes on Ibidorhynchus struthersi ; Ornith. Monats¬ ber., XV, 1907, p. 172.

1909.

Johansen, II. Ibidorhynchus struthersi, Pullus Beschreibung J Tomsk, Izv. Univ., XXII, 1909, pp. 34-35, pi. ii.

1910. Bailey, F. M. Nesting of the Ibis-bill (Ibidorhynchus struthersi), in Tibet; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., XIX, p. 993, pi. i. Whymper, S. L. A breeding ground of the Ibis-bill (Ibidorhynchus struthersi); Bombay J. Nat. Hist. Soc., XX, 1910, pp. 519-520.

1923.

Ticeiiurst, C. B. The young of Ibidorhynchus struthersi in down; [Exh. of specimen for Mr. H. Whistler]. Bull. B.O.C., XLIII, 1923, p. 72.

* This name is usually incorrectly spelt Ibidorhynchus. Ibidorhyneha struthersii is the correct designation, vide Vigors, P.Z.S., 1830, p. 174.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries FAMILY CHARADRIIDiE 183

Subfamily ARENARIIN2E

Genus ARENARIA=STREPSILAS. Old nomenclature. Species and Subspecies :— Arenaria interpres interpres. Turnstone. Europe, etc. „ „ morinella. Ruddy Turnstone. America.

„ „ oahuensis. Eastern Turnstone. Pacific, etc. Arenaria melanocephala. Black Turnstone.

, Literature, from 1894.

1898. Tristram, H.< B. Strepsilas interpres, in Socotra; Ibis, 1898, pp. 248 and 249. Clarke, W. E. Strepsilas interpres in Franz Josef Land ; Ibis, 1898, p. 259. Popham, H. L. Strepsilas interpres, on Waigats Island ; Ibis, 1898, p. 459. 1899.

Lano, A. The TurnstSne (Arenaria interpres) in Minnesota ; Auk, XVI, 1899, p. 76. 1903. Bryan, W. A. A Turnstone (Arenaria interpres) taken in the Mid- Pacific ; Auk, XX, pp. 210 and 211.

1904. Dresser, H. E. Strepsilas interpres, nesting in the Taimyr Penin¬ sula ; Ibis, 1904, p. 229. 1907.

Birula, A. Arenaria interpres, migration and habits ; St. Peters¬ burg, Mem. Ac. Sc., XVIII (2), p. 96.

1909. Smith, C. B. The turning of the Turnstone (Strepsilas interpres); Avicult. Mag., I, 1909, p. 58. Grinnell, J. Two Waders of note from Santa Catalina Island ; [Records Arenaria interpres morinella and Pisobia bairdii as occurring there]. Condor, XI, 1909, p. 139. Torrey, B. The Ruddy Turnstone (Arenaria interpres morinella) at Santa Barbara ; [Feeding with some Black Turnstones (Arenaria melanocephala)]. Condor, XI, 1909, p. 174.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries 184 THE LITERATURE OF THE CHARADRIIFORMES

1910.

Swales, B. H. The Turnstone (Arenaria interpres morinella) at Grosse Isle, Michigan ; Auk, XXVII, 1910, pp. 452-M53.

1911.

Christoleit, E. Zur Naturgeschichte des Steinwalzers ; [Strepsilas interpres\. Mitt. Vogelwelt. Nurnberg, XI, 1911, pp. 40-41.

1912.

Wichtrich, P. Die beiden ersten Beobachtungen von Arenaria interpres, in Sachsen ; Ornith. Monatsber., XX, 1912, pp. 38-41; Bemerkungen dazu v. Heyder, R., pp. 60-61, utfd Heinroth, 0., pp. 81-82. Monokton, F. A. Turnstone in Oxfordshire ; British Birds, V, 1912, p. 308. 1913.

Mathews, G. M. Arenaria interpres oahuensis, Eastern Turnstone ; Bds. Australia, III, 1913, pp. 5-10.

1916.

Hartert, E. The alleged occurrence of Arenaria melanocephala (Vig.) in India; Nov. Zool., XXIII, 1916, pp. 291-292.

1918.

Wayne, A. T. Arenaria interpres in South Carolina ; Auk, XXXV, 1918, pp. 438-439. 1919. Townsend, C. H., & Wetmore, A. Arenaria interpres oahuensis (Bloxam) ; [Specimens got on Funafuti, Ellice Islands, Tarawa, Gilbert Islands and Marshall Islands]. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard College, LXIII, 1919, pp. 177-178.

1920. Williams, J. Notes from St. Mark's,, Fla.; Arenaria interpres morinella, Ruddy Turnstone, recorded there ; Auk, XXXVII, 1920, p. 143. 1921.

Jourdain, F. C. R. Arenaria interpres breeding on Spitsbergen proper ; Bull. B.O.C., XBII, p. 5.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries FAMILY CHARADRIIDiE 185

1922.

Wilkes, A. H. Paget. On the breeding-habits of the Turnstone as observed in Spitsbergen ; British Birds, XV, 1922, pp. 172-179, 4 photos. Gordon, S. Male Turnstone incubating ; British Birds, XV, 1922, p. 216. Wilkes, A. H. Paget. Share of incubation in the Turnstone; British Birds, XV, 1922, p. 243. Lame, C. C. Arenaria interpres morinella, near Wilmington, Los Angeles County ; Condor, XXIV, 1922, p. 184.

1923.

Joy, N. II. Turnstone (Arenaria interpres interpres) in Berkshire ; British Birds, XVI, 1923, p. 204. Hoffmann, R. Ruddy Turnstone, Arenaria interpres morinella, at San Diego, California ; Condor, XXV, 1923, p. 106.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries CHAPTER VII

Family PARRIDiE Genera

Actophilus pagel86 Jacana page 188 Metopidius... .page 189

Irediparra „ 187 Hydrophasianus „ 189 Mieroparra „ 190

Genua ACTOPHILUS Oberholser=PHYLLOPEZUS Sharpe. Old nomenclature. Nom. preocc. genus of reptiles. Species :— Actophilus africanus. Africa. African Jacana.

„ albinucha. Madagascar.

Literature, from 1894. 1895. 1896.

Sharpe, R. B. Phyllopezus, n.g., type P. africanus (Gm.) ; Cat. B. Brit. Mus., XXIV, 1896, p. 76.

1899.

Oberholser, H. C. Some untenable names in Ornithology; Phyllopezus, Sharpe, nomen. emend. Actophilus ; P. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1899, p. 202. 1905.

Oberholser, H. C. Actophilus africanus (Parra africana) in the • Kilimanjaro Region ; P.U.S., Mus., XXVIII, p. 837.

1913. Seth-Smith, L. M. On birds round Mpumu, Uganda. Phyllo¬ pezus africanus, nest taken, egg, fig. ; Ibis, 1913, p. 508, pi. x, fig. 9. 1922.

van Someren, V. G. L. Phyllopezus africanus Gm., African Jacana at Kisumu, East Africa ; Nov. Zool., XXIX, 1922, p. 20. 186

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries FAMILY PARRID/E 187

1923.

Granvik, H. Actophilus africanus on Lake Naivasha and at Kisumu, Vict. Nyanza ; J. Ornith., LXXI, Sonderheft,

„ Feb. 15, 1923, pp. 40-41.

Genus IREDIPARRA=HYDRALECTOR. Old nomenclature. Species and Subspecies :— Irediparra gallinacea gallinacea. Australian Jacana.

j, „ „ novse-hollandiee. Eastern comb-crested Jacana.

„ „ rotlischildi. Western comb-crested * Jacana.

„ „ novee-guinese. New Guinea.

„ „ melvillensis. Northern Jacana.

Literature, from 1894. 1905.

Mearns, E. A. Description of eight new Philippine Birds with notes on other species new to the Islands ; P. Biol. Soc. Washington, XVIII, pp. 83-90; Hydraleclor gallinaceus (Temminck), Comb-crested Jacana, in Southern Mindanao, p. 89. 1911.

Mathews, G. M. Irediparra nom. nov. for Hydralector Auct. nec Wagler, type Irediparra cristata (Vieill.) ; Nov. Zool., XVIII, p. 7. 1912.

Mathews, G. M. Irediparra gallinacea melvillensis, subsp. n., Northern Jacana ; Austral. Av. Rec., I, p. 73. Mathews, G. M. Irediparra gallinacea novce-hollandice (Eastern Comb-crested Jacana), I. g. rotlischildi, subsp. n. (Western Comb-crested Jacana), N.W. Australia; Nov. Zool., XVIII, p. 224. 1916.

Mathews, G. M. Hydralector versus Irediparra, nom. n. proposed ; Nov. Zool., XVIII, 1911, p. 7 ; Ibis, 1916, p. 305. Ogilvie-Gbant, W. R. Irediparra Mathews is a mere synonym of Hydralector ; Ibis, 1916, p. 313.

1921. Mathews, G. M., & Iredale, T. Irediparra gallinacea, Lotus Bird ; Manual Birds of Australia, I, 1921, p. 180.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries 188 THE LITERATURE OF THE CHARADRIIFORMES

Genus JACANA Species and Subspecies :— Jacana jacana jacana. S. American Jaeana, Brazil,

British Guiana. „

,, „ intermedia. Venezuela. Jacana nigra nigra. Colombia and Panama, mdano- pygia=coioxa phase of nigra only. 2 phases, black-backed and maroon-backed (Ridgway). Jacana spinosa spinosa. C. American Jacana,=Asarcia spi- nosa of Sharpe.

„ „ gymnostoma. Mexican Jacana.

„ „ violacem. West Indian Jacana.

Literature, from 1894. 1896. Sharpe, R. B. Asarcia, n.g.. type A. variabilis (Linn.); Cat. B. Brit, Mas., XXIV, 1896, p. 86.

1897. Cotjes, E. Asarcia spinosa, notes on the nomenclature; Auk, XIV, 1897, p. 88. 1902. Mearns, E. A. Capture of the Mexican Jacana (.Jacana spinosa), in Florida ; Auk, XIX, 1902, p. 79.

1903. Shufeedt, R, W. Jacana gymvostoma, skeleton figured; Ann. Carnegie Mas., II, 1903, pi. i.

1910. Bebnath, S. Prnra jacana L. in Ungazn; [Supposed to have escaped from some Zoological Garden]. Aquila, XVII, 1910, p. 272. 1917. Chapman, F. M. Jacana nigra, type locality ** Brazil " incorrect; Bull. Amer, Mas. X. H., XXXVI, 1917, p. 226. Bbbbb, W., Hartley, G. L, & Howes, P. G. Jamm spinosa, development, pterylosis, etc.; Trop. Wild Life in Brit. Guiana, I, New York (N.Y. Zool. Sou.). 1917, p. 293.

1919. Obeehoeser, H. G. The Status of the Genus Amtwi. Sharpe; [Believes it to he well defined], Washington, B.C., Proc. Biol. Soc., XXXII, 1919, p, 200.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries FAMILY PARRID/E 189

1920.

Hudson. W. H. Birds of La Plata ; Parra jacana fig. in colour, p. 74. 1923. Delacocr, J. Jacana spinosa L. in the States of Guarico and Apure in Venezuela ; Ibis, 1923, p. 139.

Genus HYDROPHASIANUS Species :— Hydrophasiapus chirurgus. Pheasant-tailed Jacana. India,

Literature, from 1894. 1896. 1897. Madabasz, Termes. Hydrophasianus chirurgus, head and foot figured ; Fuzetek, XX, tab. VIII, fig. 3. •<» 1902.

Finn, F. Notes on the Pheasant-tailed Jacana (Hydrophasianus chirurgus); P.Z.S. Lond., 1902, Vol. I, pp. 261-264.

1919. Shufeldt, R. W. The Osteology of Hydrophasianus chirurgus (Scopoli) ; Philippine J. Sci., Manila, XIV, 1919, pp. 87-104, 5 pis.

Genus METOPIDIUS Species :— Metopidius indieus. Bronze-winged Jacana. India.

Literature, from 1894. 1899. Jesse, W. Metopidius indieus, Bronze-winged Jacana, nesting near Lucknow ; Ibis, 1899, pp. 350 and 351.

1902. Tooth, E. E. The nidifioation of the Bronze-winged Jacana (Metopidius indieus), 2 broods in a year; J. Bombay So©., XIV, pp. 817 and 818.

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Genus MICROPARRA Species :— Microparra capensis. Pigmy African Jacana.

Literature, from 1894.

Reichenow, A. Microparra capensis, Ugalla River ; Vog. deutsch- ost-Afrika, p. 52.

1896.

Shelley, G. E. Microparra capensis ; Bds. Africa, I, p. 187.

1922.

van Someren, V. G. L. Microparra capensis Smith. Pigmy Jacana on Victoria Nyanza ; [Specimen seen only, not obtained. Has been obtained on Lake Naivasha, however, by Sir P. Jackson]. Nov. Zool., XXIX, 1922, p. 20.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries CHAPTER VIII

Families CHIONIDIDiE, DROMADIDM AND GLAREOLIDiE

Genera:—

Chionarchus.. .page 191 Dromas page 193 Glareola page 194 Ghionis „ 192 Gal&chrysia 193 Stiltia „ 197

Family CHIONIDID/E

Genus CHIONARCHUS Species:— Chionarchus minor. s Kerguelen Sheathbill.

Literature, from 1894. 1896.

Sharps, R. B. Ghionarchis crozettensis, n. sp., Crozette Is. ; Bull. B.O.C., Vol. V, p. xliv, 1895-1896.

1900. Hall, R. Birds of Kerguelen Island, Chionarchus minor (Hart- laub), nesting habits ; Ibis, 1900, pp. 6-8.

1901.

Studer, Th. Note sur le poussin du Chionis minor ; C. R. Congr. Orn., Ill, pp. 275 and 276.

1916.

Lowe, P. R. Studies on the Charadriiformes: IV. An additional note on the Sheath-bills. Some points in the Osteology of the skull of an embryo of Chionarchus minor from Kerguelen ; Ibis, 1916, pp. 313-317, 1 text fig. 191

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries 192 THE LITERATURE OF THE CHARADRIIFORMES

Genus CHIONIS Species :— Chionis alba. Magellen Sheathbill.

„ crozettensis. Crozet Sheathbill.

Literature, from 1894. 1904.

Reichenow, A. Chionis nasicornis, n. sp., Heard Islands ; Qrnith. Monatsber., XII, p. 47.

1906. Clarke, W. Eagle. Chionis alba, nesting habits in the South Orkney Islands ; Ibis, 1906, pp. 182-184, plates iii, fig. 2, xii and xiii, fig. 1.

1908.

Reichenow, A. Chionis marionensis, sp. n. Marion Islands; Deutsche Siidpolar Expedition, I, p. 566.

1910.

Mathews, G. M. On some necessary alterations in the nomen¬ clature of birds; (Vaginalis Gm. should replace Chionis Forster, 1788). Nov. Zool. Tring, XVII, 1910, p. 503.

1913. Clarke, W. E., Brown, R. N. R., & Ramsay, L. N. G. Chionis alba, young figured ; Rep. Scott. Nat. Ant. Exped., IV, 1913, pp. 203-306, 7 pis., 2 maps.

1916.

Lowe, P. R. Studies on the Charadriiformes : III. Notes in relation to the systematic position of the Sheath-bills' (Chionididce); Ibis, 1916, pp. 122-155, 4 text figs.

1923. Wilkins, G. H. Birds collected during Voyage of " Quest" (Shaeldeton-Rowett Expedition) to the Southern Atlantic ; Chionis alba (Gm.) on Elephant Island ; Ibis, 1923, p. 494.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries CHI0NIDI|§E, DROMADID/E, GLAREOLIDAD 193

Family DROMADIDJD

Genus DROMAS Species :— Dromas ardeola. Crab Plover. Red Sea, etc.

Literature, from 1894. Reichenow, A. Dromas ardeola at Dar-es-Salaam and Tanga ; Vog. deutsch-ost-Afrika, p. 39.

1896. Shelley, G. E. Dromas ardeola ; Bds. of Africa, I, p. 194.

1913. Robinson, H. C. Occurrence of the Crab Plover (Dromas ardeola) in the Malay Peninsula; Bombay J. Nat. Hist. Soc., XXII, pp. 199-200. 1916.

Lowe, P. R. Studies on the Charadriiformes : v. Some notes on the Crab Plover (Dromas ardeola Paykull); Ibis, 1916, pp. 317-337, 5 text figs. 15 1923. Ticehurst, C. B. The young of Dromas ardeola in down; [Exh. of specimen for Sir P. Cox and Major Cheesman]. Bull. B.O.C., XLIII, 1923, pp. 71-72.

Family GLAREOLIDAD

Genus GALACHRYSLA=GALACTOCHRYSEA. Old nomenclature.

Species and Subspecies :— Galachrysia ocularis ocularis. E. Africa.

„ „ emini. Equatorial Africa. - Galachrysia nuchalis nuchalis. 5th Cataract, near Berbera.

„„ raarchei.

„ „ liberise.

„ „ antsenia. Galachi'ysia cinerea. W. Africa.

„ lactea. India, Ceylon.

<•> Literature, from 1894. 1895. 1896. Sharpe, R. B. Galactochrysea liberies, figured ; Cat. B. Brit. Mus., XXIV, pi. v, fig. i. G. emini, figured; id., t.c., pi. v, fig. 2,1896. o

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries 194 THE LITERATURE OE THE CHARADRIIEORMES

1900. Alexander, Boyd. Glareola emini, on the Zambesi; Ibis, 1900, p. 458. 1901. Shelley, G. E. Glareola nuchalis, in Nyassaland; Ibis, 1901" p. 175. 1904. Harington, H. H. The Small Swallow Plover (Galactochrysea lactea) nesting in the Upper Chindwin District, Burma; J. Bombay Soc., XVI, pp. 167 and 168.

1908. Reichenow, A. Glareola antcenia sp. n. Ituri River ; [Resembles Glareola nuchalis]. Ornitb. Monatsber., XVI, p. 191. Grant, C. Galactochrysea emini, from Tete, Zambesi; Bull. B.O.C., XXI, p. 93. 1913.

Mathews, G. M. Subglareola, proposed new generic name for Galactochrysea ocularis Verr.; Bds. Australia, III, p. 321.

1920. Sclater, W. L., & Mackworth-Praed, C. W. Glareola nuchalis, races revised ; Ibis, 1920, p. 803.

1923. Granvik, H. Glareola ocularis at Kavirondo, Vict. Nyanza, E. Africa; J. Ornitb., LXXI, Sonderheft, Feb. 15, 1923, pp. 33-34. Genus GLAREOLA Species and Subspecies :— Glareola pratincola pratincola. Collared Pratincole.

„ „ limbata.

„ „ Julleborni. Glareola nordmanni.* Black-winged Pratincole. „ maldivarum.t Oriental Pratincole.

Literature, from 1894. Lileord, Lord. Glareola pratincola, fig. Col. Fig. Br. Birds, Vol. V, p. 15, Pt. XXVIII, Sept., 1894.

1897. Von Schitckow. Glareola pratincola and G. melanoptera; Zool. Anz., XX, pp. 132-133.

* Syn. G. melanoptera. f Syn.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries CHIONIDID^E, DROMADHLE, GLAREOLIDHC 195

1899.

Salvadori, T. Glareola pratincola, in the Cape Verde Islands ; Ann. Mus. Genova (2), XX, p. 299. *

1900.

Harvie-Brown, J. A. Glareola pratincola, near Montrose ; Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., 1900, p. 51. Arrigoni, Proe. E. On the occurrence of Nordman's Pratincole (Qlareola melanoptera) in Italy ; Ibis, 1900, pp. 00-62.

1902. Snouckaert van Schauburg, R. Glareola pratincola, in Holland, in November ; Ornith. Monatsber., X, p. 2.

1903. Ticehurst, N. F. Glareola melanoptera first record in England; [Shot on Romney Marsh]. Bull. B.O.C., XIII, p. 78, 1902- 1903.

Alexander, Boyd. Glareola melanoptera in Rye Harbour, Sussex ; [Shot June 18th, 1903, first record for species for Sussex]. Bull. B.O.C., XIV, 1903, p. 17. Alexander, Boyd. Glareola melanoptera in Romney Marsh, Kent; [Shot June 17th, 1903. Different bird to that described by Ticehurst; Bull. B.O.C., XIII, p. 78, 1902-1903. Vide supra']. Bull. B.O.C., XIV, 1903, p. 17. Buttereield, W. R. Black-winged Pratincole in Sussex; Zoologist, 1903, p. 392. [Said to have been shot July 18th, 1903, near Rye. Evidently one of the same lot as those described above.] 1904.

" Harington, H. H. The Large Swallow Plover (Glareola orientalis) nesting in the Upper Chindwin District, Burma; J. Bombay Soc., XVI, pp. 167 and 168. Whitaker, J. I. S. Glareola melanoptera, in Sicily; [First record for Sicily]; Ibis, 1904, p. 478.

« 1905. Butler, A. L. Glareola pratincola. Ornithology of the Egyptian Soudan ; Ibis, 1905, pp. 400 and 401. Erlanger, C. von. Glareola pratincola limbata, G. p. pratincola., G. p. orientalis; Beitrage zur Vogelfauna Nordostafrikas; J. Ornith., 1905, pp. 55 and 56.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries 196 THE LITERATURE OF THE CHARADRIIFORMES

Reichenow, A. Glareola fusca limbata ; States this is the form of Pratincole found in N.E. and W. Africa ; Vog. Afrikas, III, Nachtrag, p. 800. 1907. Saunders, Howard. Glareola melanoptera, in England; Brit. Birds, I, p. 15. 1908.

Clarke, W. E. Glareola pratincola on the Plannan Islands; [Third example found in Scotland]. Ann. Scott. Nat. iiist., 1908, p. 256 ; Note on, British Birds, II, p. 245. Millar, D. Glareola pratincola breeding in Natal; Ibis, 1908, p. 385. Sclater, P. L. Glareola pratincola breeding in Natal; [Refers to Millar's discovery, vide supra]. Bull. B.O.C., XXI, p. 48. Krohn, H. Glareola fusca in Germany ; Ornith. Monatsber., XVI, 1908, pp. 128-132. Johansen, G. E. Glareola melanoptera subsp. n. pallidicjularis Gouv. Tomsk; Gouv. Tomsk. Izv. Univ., XXX, 1907 [1908], pp. 1-239. Buturlin, S. A. Glareola melanoptera; Nasa ochota, 1908, X, p. 31. 1910.

Neumann, O. Glareola fusca fulleborni subsp. n. Rikwa See D. O. Afrika ; Ornith. Monatsber., XVIII, p. 10. Witherby, H. F. Black-winged Pratincole, in Yorkshire ; British Birds, III, pp. 266-268. 1913.

Rapine, J. Note sur la glareole a collier, Glareola fusca L. ; Rev. d'Orn. fr., 1913, pp. 9-10. Ford-Lindsay, H. W. Black-winged Pratincoles in Sussex British Birds, VII, 1913, p. 23.

1914.

Zedlitz, O. Grae. Glareola fusca, subspecies reviewed ; J. Ornith., EXII, p. 621. «

1916.

Hartert, E. Notes on Glareola ; Glareola pratincola limbata, G. p. fulleborni and G. p. maldivarum recognized forms ; Nov. Zool., XXIII, 1916, p. 91.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries CHIONIDID^E, DROMADID/E, GLAREOLIDiE 197

1920.

Neumann, O. Glareola pralincola crlangeri, subsp. n. S. Somaliland ; J. Ornith., 1920, p. 78.

1921. Mathews, G. M., & Iredale, T. Glareola maldivarum, Oriental Pratincole ; Manual Birds of Australia, I, 1912, p. 182.

■o

Genus STILTIA Species :— ® Stiltia isabella. Literature, from 1894. 1913. Mathews, G. M. Stiltia isabella, Australian Pratincole; Bds. Australia, III, 1913, pp. 324-328.

■% 1921. Mathews, G. M., & Iredale, T. Stiltia isabella, Pratincole; Manual Birds of Australia, I, 1921, p. 178.

*

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries CHAPTER IX

Family CURSORED^}

Genera :—

Cursorius.. ..page 198 Pluvianus page20I Rhinoptclus page 201

Genus CURSORIUS

Species and Subspecies :— Cursorius cursor cursor. Europe and N. Africa. bogolubovi. exsul. Cape Verde Islands. bannermani. Canary- Islands. ruvanensis. G. E. Africa. meruensis. Mount Kenia. kordofanensis. Kordofan. somalensis. Somaliland. littoralis. S. Somaliland. dahlakensis. Red Sea. iranicus. Persia. Cursorius rufus. S. Africa. Cursorius coromandelicus. India. Cursorius temmincki temmincki. Lesser Courser. S. Africa.

„ „ senegalensis.

„ „ jebelensis.

Literature, 1894.

Palmen, J. A. Cursorius gallicus in Finland ; Medd. Soc. Faun. Fenn., XX, p. 19. Lileord, Lord. Cursorius gallicus, fig. Col. Fig. Br. Birds, Vol. V, p. 19, Sept., 1894, pt. xxviii.

1895.

van Beneden, Ed. Cursorius isabellinus in Belgium ; Bull. Acad. Sci. Belg. (3), XXIX, pp. 346-352. 198

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries FAMILY CURSORIIDZE 199

1896. Smith, A. C. Cursorius isabellinus, in Wilts; Zoologist, 1896, pp. 434 ancl 435. Harting, J. E. Cream-coloured Courser in Jersey; Zoologist, 1896, p. 435. 1905. Butler, A. L. Ornithology of the Egyptian Soudan. Cursorius gallicus ; Ibis, 1905, p. 400. Erlanger, C. von. Beitrage zur Vogelfauna Nordostafrikas ; Cursorius gallicus and its allies ; C. gallicus littoralis, n. subsp., South Somaliland; C. g. somalensis; C. temmincki, Taf. i, Figs. 1-4 ; J. Ornith., 1905, pp. 56-58. Reichenow, A. Cursorius gallicus ; Vog. Airikas, III, Nachtrag, III, p. 801. 1907. Landwehr, F. Der Rennvogel (Cursorius gallicus) ein seltener Irrgast des Weserberglandes; Ravensberger Bl., Bielefeld, VII, 1907, p. 14. 1909.

Falconieri di Carpegna, G. Sulla cattura di un Cursorius gallicus Ad. nelle spiagge romane ; Roma Boll. Soc. Zool. ital., X, 1909, pp. 236-238. 1910. Zedlitz, O. Grae. Cursorius gallicus dahlalcensis, subsp. n. Dahlak Isl. in Roten Meer ; Ornith. Monatsber., XVIII, p. 9. Zedlitz, O. Graf. Cursorius gallicus dahlakensis fig. with allied species ; J. Ornith., LVIII, p. 306, pi. vi. Sartjdny, N. Cursorius gallicus iranicus, subsp. n. Persia and Trans- caspian ; Ornith. Monatsber., XVIII, p. 190. 1911. Nichols, J. B. Cream-coloured Coursers (Cursorius gallicus) in Sussex; British Birds, V, 1911, p. 50. 1913. Ford-Lindsay, H. W. Cream-coloured Coursers in Kent; British Birds, VI, 1913, p. 348. 1915. Mearns, E. A. Cursorius gallicus meruensis, subsp. n., near Mount „ Kenia, B. E. Africa; Smith, Miscell. Coll., LXV, No. 13, pp. 5-6. Madarasz, J. V. Neue Vogelarten aus Afrika, Cursorius ruvanensis, sp. n. Ruvana River, G. E. Africa ; Budapest Ann. Mus. Nat., XIII, 1915, pp. 393-395. Mearns, E. A. Cursorius temminclci jebelensis, subsp. n. Jebel River Courser ; Smith, Miscell. Coll., LXV, No. 13, pp. 6-7.

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200 THE LITERATURE OF THE CHARADRHFORMES

1916. Wettstein, O. v. Neue Vogel aus Nordostafrika; Gursorius gallicus Jcordofanensis, subsp. n. Kordofan; Anz, Ak. Wiss. Wien., LIII, 1916, pp. 131-135.

1917. Alexander, H. G. Birds at Dungeness, 1916 ; Cream-coloured Courser (Cursorius gallicus) seen 9th Sept., 1916, at Dungeness ; British Birds, X, 1917, p. 264. Wettstein, 0. v. Cursorius gallicus kordofanicus, additional description; Wien Denksch. K. Ak. Wiss., XCIV, '"1917, pp. 553-693, 1 pi. 1918. Carlotto, G. A. Cattura di un Cursorius gallicus nel Veronese Riv. Ital. Orn. Bologna, IV, 1918, pp. 8-11.

1919. Dart, R. le. Capture interessante [en Calvados] (Cursorius galli¬ cus) ; Rev. d'Orn. fr., VI, 1919, p. 28.

1920. Hartert, E. Cursorius gallicus exsul, subsp. n. Cape Verde Islands ; Vog. pal. Faun., p. 1526. Hartert, E. Cursorius gallicus bogolubovi, Transcaspia; Vog. pal. Fauna, II, 1920, p. 1526.

1921. James, H. W. Cursorius temmincki (Lesser Courser) in the Cradock and Tarkastad Districts, Cape Province ; South African Journ. Nat. Hist., Ill, 1921, p. 179.

1923. Mathews, G. M., & Iredale, T. Cursorius cursor is the correct name of the Cream-coloured Courser ; Vide Latham, Gen. Synops. Bds. Suppl., I, p. 293, 1787 ; Aust. Av. Rec., V, 1923, p. 63. Report on changes in the Nomenclature of the B.O.U. List of British Birds. Cursorius gallicus becomes C. cursor cursor ; Charadrius cursor Latham, Gen. Syn. Bds. Supp., I, p. 293, 1787, Kent. Latham's name antedates Gmelin's published in„ 1789 ; Ibis, 1923, p. 429. Rothschild, Lord. Cursorius cursor bannermani, subsp. n. With a key to the four Palsearctic races of C. cursor ; C. c. cursor, C. c. bogolubovi, C. c. bannermani, C. c. exsul; Bull. B.O.C., XLIII, 1923, pp. 165-166.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries FAMILY CURSORED,® 201

Genus PLUVIANUS Species :— Pluvianus segyptius. Black-headed Plover or Black-backed Courser. ■c Literature, from 1894. 1905.

Pycraft, W. P. Pluvianus cegyptius, breeding-habits ; Knowledge, 1905, p. 229. Butler, A. L. Ornithology of the Egyptian Soudan. Pluvianus cegyptius ; Ibis, 1905, pp. 399 and 400. 1908. T> Flower, S. S. The Egyptian Plover (Pluvianus cegyptius), its name, distribution, known and reputed habits ; Avicult. Mag., 2, VI, 1908, pp. 139-144.

Genus RHINOPTILUS Species and Subspecies :— Rhinoptilus africanus africanus. S. Africa. E. „ „ bisignatus. Africa.

„ „ hartingi. Somaliland.

„ „ gracilis.

„ „ granti.

„„ raffertyi. Abyssinia. Rhinoptilus cinctus cinctus. Upper White Nile, Somaliland.

„ „ emini. G. E. Africa.

„ „ seebohmi. S.W. Africa, Rhodesia, etc. Rhinoptilus chalcopterus chalcopterus. Senegambia to N.E. Africa, East Coast of Africa.

„ „ obscurus. S. Africa, Angola, etc. ? „„ albofasciatus. syn. of preceding. Rhinoptilus bitorquatus. Central India.

Literature from 1894. 1895. 1896.

Sharpe, R. B. Rhinoptilus bisignatus, figured ; Cat. B. Brit. Mus., XXIV, pi. i. R. hartingi, figured ; id., t.c., pi. ii. R. seebohmi, figured ; id., t.c., pi. iii, fig. i. R. cinctus, figured ; id., t.c., pi. iii, fig. 2. R. chalcopterus, figured ; id., t.c., pi. iv, fig. i. R. albofasciatus, figured ; id., t.c., pi. iv, fig. 2, 1896.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries 202 THE LITERATURE OF THE CHARADRIIFORMES

1900. Alexander, Boyd. Rhirmptilus albofasciatus, probably female of R. chalcopterus ; Ibis, 1900, pp. 455-457.

1904.

Neumann, 0. Rhinoptilus cinctus cindus and R. c. seebohmi, notes on ; Journ. Ornith., 1904, p. 330.

1905. Oberholser, H. C. Rhinoptilus bisignatus, R. chalcopterus and R. cindus, in the Kilimanjaro Region, East Africa; P.U.S., Mus., XXVIII, pp. 839 and 840. Butler, A. L. Rhinoptilus chalcopterus; Ornithology of the Egyptian Soudan ; Ibis, 1905, p. 400. Erlanger, C. von. Rhinoptilus africanus hartingi Sharpe, R. a, sharpei, R. seebohmi Sharpe ; Beitrage zur Vogelfauna Nordost- afrikas ; J. Ornith., 1905, pp. 59 and 60. Grieeoli, Rhinoptilus in Italy ; Avicula, IX, p. 159.

1907. Horsbrugii, B. The Double-banded Courser (Rhinoptilus bicindus); Avieult. Mag. Brighton (2), VI, 1907, pp. 23-24, tab. Neave, S. A. Rhinoptilus seebohmi, in N.E. Rhodesia ; Manchester Mem. Lit. Phil. Soc., LI, No. 10, p. 16.

1910.

Neumann, O. Rhinoptilus chalcopterus obscurus subsp. n. Mossa- medes, Angola ; Ornith. Monatsber., XVIII, p. 11.

1914.

Zedlitz, O. Graf. Rhinoptilus cinctus cinctus, review of subspecies ; R. c. emini, subsp. n. G. E. Africa; J. Ornith, LXII, pp. 622-625.

1915.

Grant, C. H. B. Rhinoptilus africanus, subspecies reviewed ; Ibis, 1915, p. 60. Mearns, E. A. Rhinoptilus africanus raffertyi, subsp. n., Abys¬ sinian Courser; Smith, Miscell. Coll., LXV, No. 13, 1915, pp. 7-8.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries FAMILY CURSORIIDiE 203

1921.

Sclater, W. L. Rhinoplilus africanus (Temrn.). It. a. r/rcinti, nom. nov". c. synonymy ; Bull. B.O.C., XLI, 1921, p. 132. James, H. W. Rhinoptilus africanus (Two-banded Courser) in the Cradock and Tarkastad Districts, Cape Province; South African Journ. Nat. Hist; III, 1921, p. 179.

1923.

Cranvik, H. Rhinoptilus chalcopterus obscurus, near Nairobi, E. Africa ; J. Ornith., LXXI, Sonderheft, Feb. 15, 1923, p. 34.

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries CHAPTER X

Family ATTAGIM

Genera :—

Attagis page 204 Thinocorus page 205

Genus ATTAGIS

Species and Subspecies :— Attagis gayi gayi. Gay's or the Peruvian Seed Snipe. „ „ fitzgeraldi. Andes of Argentina.

„ „ latreillei.

„ „ simonsi. Peru. Attagis malouinus.

„ chimborazensis. Chimborazo Seed Snipe. „ cheeputi. Patagonian Seed Snipe.

Literature, from 1894. 1896.

Sharpe, R. B. Attaqis qaiji, etc.; Cat. B. Brit. Mus., XXIV, 1896, pp. 714-720.

1918.

Ciiubb, C. Attagis gayi fitzgeraldi, subsp. n., Andes of Argentina; A. g. simonsi, subsp. n., Peru; Bull. B.O.C., XXXVIII, pp. 40-41.

1919.

Chubb, C. Attagis gayi latreillei, A. g. simonsi ; Ibis, 1919, p. 260.

1921.

Lowe, P. R. Attagis cheeputi, sp. nov.; Bull. B.O.C., 1920-1921, XLI, p. 109. 204

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries FAMILY ATTAGIDA3 205

Genus THINOCORUS

Species and Subspecies :—- Thinocorus orbignianus. D'Orbigny's Seed Snipe. - Thinocorus rumicivorus rumicivorus. Chilean Seed Snipe. „ „ bolivianus. Bolivian Seed Snipe. „ „ venturii. Buenos Aires Seed Snipe.

„ patagonicus. Thinocorus peruvianus. Peruvian Seed Snipe.

Literature, from 1894. 1910.

Salvador!, Tp, & Festa, E. Nuova specie del genere Thinocorus (Thinocorus pallidus) ; Torino Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat., XXV, 1910, No. 631 (1-2). 1913.

Astley, H. D. The Seed Snipe, Thinocorus rumicivorus ; Avicult. Mag., IV, 1913, pp. 321-323, pi. i.

1920.

Reichenow, A. Thinocorus rumicivorus patagonicus, subsp. n. S. Patagonia; Jour. Ornith., 1920, p. 88.

1921.

Lowe, P. R. (1) Thinocorus rumicivorus bolivianus, subsp. nov., (2) Thinocorus peruvianus, sp. nov. ; Bull. B.O.C., XLI, 1921, p. 109. Rothschild, Lord. Thinocorus rumicivorus venturii, subsp. nov. ; Bull. B.O.C., XLI, 1921, p. 111.

1923.

Lowe, P. R. Notes on the Systematic Position of Ortyxelus, together with some remarks on the relationships of the Turnicomorphs and the position of the Seed Snipe (Thinocoridce) and Sand-Grouse ; Ibis, 1923, pp. 276-299.

finis

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries INDEX

Actitis hypoleucos, 52 Afribyx, 168

— aurita, 52 , 167 macularia, 52 lateralis, 168 Actodromas, 85 senegallus major, 168 mlnuta, 85 1 senegallus, 168 Actophilus, 186 lateralis, 167 africanus, 186 africanus, Actophilus, 186 • albinucha, ?86 jRhinoptilus africanus, 201 acuminata, Galidris, 85 Afrotis, 28 addenda, Tringa stagnatilis, 52 afra afra, 28 adolphi-friederici, Ghoriotis kori, 29 afraoides, 28 TECHMORHYNCHUS, 108 Afroxyeehus, 137 cancellatus, 108 aigneri, Lobivanellus indicus, 164 parvirostris, 108 alba, Ohionis, 192 TEgialitis, 10 Grocethia, 105 ——- alticola, 137 albiceps, Xiphidiopterus, 163 —— asiatica, 147 albinucha, Actophilus, 186 —— cantiana, 137 * alboaxillaris, Numenius phosopus, 78 curoniea, 137 albofasciatus, Rhinoptilus chalcop- dubia, 137 terus, 201 dubius, 137 albus, Himantopus leucocephalus, 176 falklandicus, 137 alexandrinus, Gharadrius alex- biaticola tundr®, 137 andrinus, 137 hiatieula, 137 allenbyi, Charatfrius pecuarius, 137 homeyeri, 137 alpina, Galidris alpina, 85 melanops, 137 altifrons, Pluvialis apricarius, 134 meloda, 137 americana, Recurvirostra, 178 circumcinota, 137 americanus, Numenius americanits, minor, 137 78 montana, 166 Anarhynchtjs, 152 nigrifrons, 137 frontalis, 152 nivosa, 137 Aneylochilus subarcuatus, 85 pallida, 137 subarquatus, 88 —— pamirensis, 137 andina, Capella brasiliensis, 118 ■* peouaria, 137 Recurvirostra, 178 peroni, 137 Anomalophrys, 170 placida, 137 superciliosus, 170 plaeidus, 137 antcenia, Qalachrysia nuchalis, 193 —— pyrrhothorax, 147 Anteliotringa, 85 sanctas-helenas, 137 Aphriza, 151 semipalmata, 137 virgata, 151 thoracica, 137 apricarius, Pluvialis apricarius, 134 trieollaris, 137 arabs, Ghoriotis arabs, 29 : venusta, 137 arctica, Galidris alpina, 85 voeifera, 137 ardeola, Dramas, 193 cegyptius, Pluvianus, 201 Arenaria, 183 affinis, Burhinus capensis, 39 interpres, 15 afra, Afrotis afra, 28 interpres, 183 afraoides, Afrotis afra, 28 morinella, 183 207

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries 208 INDEX

Arenaria interpres morinella, 183 bitorquatus, Bhinoptilus, 201 oahuensis, 183 bogolubovi, Cursorius cursor, 198 melanocephala, 183 bolivianus, Thinocorus rumicivorus AKEN-abiin-^3, 183 205 arquata, Numenius arquata, 78 borealis, Mesoscolopax, S4 Arquatella, 85 brasiliensis, Capella brasiliensis, 11S maritima, 85 brevipes, Tringa, 52 couesi, 85 broomei, Burhinus magnirostris, 39 ptilocnemus, 85 burchellii, Neotis, 32 ptilocnemus, 85 Burhinidje, 39 Asarcia, 188 Burhinus, 10 spinosa, 188 bistriatus bistriatus, 39 variabilis, 188 dominicensis, 39 asiaticus, Cirrepidesmus, 147 capensis affinis, 39 assami, Tringa ocrophus, 52 capensis, 39 assimilis, Himantopus leucocephalus, csongor, 39 176 damarensis, 39 astutus, Burhinus osdionemus, 3D dodsoni, 39 atrifrons, Cirrepidesmus mongolus, ehrenbergi, 39 147 psammochromus, 39 atronuchalis, Lobivanellus indicus, 164 grallarius, 39 Attagidas, 204 magnirostris, 10 Attagis, 204 broomei, 39 cheeputi, 204 magnirostris, 39 chimborazensis, 204 ramsayi, 39 gayi fitzgeraldi, 204 rufescens, 39 gayi, 204 cedicnprnus astutus, 39 latreillei, 204 distincius, 39 simonsi, 204 • indicus, 39 malouinus, 204 — insularum, 39 aucklandica, Ccenocorypha aucldand- cedicnemus, 39 ica, 128 saharce, 39 awrita, Sypheotis, 38 senegalensis senegalensis, 39 australis, Choriotis australis, 29 superciliaris superciliaris, 39 Peltohyas australis, 181 vermiculatis buttilcoferi, 39 Bhynccea australis, 130 vermiculatis, 39 Austrotis, 29 buttilcoferi, Burhinus vermiculatis, 39 australis melvillensis, 29 avosetta, Becurvirostra, 178 coeruvescens, Eupodotis, 33 cafra, Neotis cafra, 32 bachmani, Hcematopus, 171 Calidris, 85

bairdii, Calidris, 85 , 10 bannermani, Cursorius cursor, 198 acuminata, 85 barrowii, Eupodotis, 33 alpina alpina, 85 Bartramia, 67 arctica, 85 longieauda, 67 pygmaea, 85 baueri, Limosa lapponica, 72 sakhalina, 85 beldingi, Cirrepidesmus wilsonia, 147 schinzii, 85 Belonopterus, 162 arenaria, 105 cayennensis cayennensis, 162 arenaris, 105 grisescens, 162 bairdii, 85 molina, 162 canutus, 10 ehilensis, 162 canutus, 85 bengalensis, Sypheotis, 38 rogersi, 85 bernieri, Hcematopus unicolor, 171 rufa, 85 bicinclus, Cirrepidesmus bicinctus, 147 cooperi, 85 bifrontatus, Charadrius, 137 fuscicollis, S5 bisignatus, Bhinoptilus africanus, 201 maculata, 85 bistriatus, Burhinus bistriatus, 39 ■ maritima couesi, 85

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries INDEX 209

Calidris maritima maritima, 85 Charadriiformes, Dr. P. R. Lowe's ptilocnemus, 85 Classification, 2

minuta, S5 , Genera arranged alphabetically, minutilla, 85 9

ruficollis, 85 , Genera arranged systematic¬ ^ subminuta, 85 ally, 5

temminckii, 85 , General Literature from 1894- tenuirostris, 85 1924, 13-26 testacea chinensis, 85 , General References for Special — testacea, 85 Study of, 10-12

Calidritin^b, 85 , Position of Families, 4

cancellatus, JEchmorhynchus, 108 , Shufeldt's Classification, 1 canicollis, Eupodotis canicollis, 33 Charadrilnve, 132 canutus, Calidris canutus, 85 Charadrius, 137

—— canutus rogersi, 85 ■' 10 rufus, 85 alexandrinus alexandrinus, 137 tenuirostris, 85 dealbatus, 137 Capella, 118 seebohmi, 137 brasiliensis andina, 118 apricarius oreophilos, 134 brasiliensis, 118 asiaticus asiaticus, 147 (jallinago delicata, 11S australis australis, 137 faerceensis, 118 whitlocki, 137 — gallinago, 118 bicinctus bicinctus, 137 raddei, 118 incertus, 137 gigantea, 118 bifrontatus, 137 hardwiclcii hardwickii, 11S collaris, 137 oweni, 11S coronatus, 159 imperialis, 118 cucullatus cucullalus, 137 jamesoni, 118 torbayi, 137 macrodactyla, 118 tregallasi, 137 media, 118 tregellasi, 137 megala, 118 cursor, 198 nemoricola, 118 dominicus, 134 nigripennis, 118 dominicus, 134 nobilis, 118 fulvus, 134 ——■ paraguaias, IIS dubius curonicus, 137 solitaria, 118 dubius, 137 stenura, 118 jerdoni, 137 stricklandi, 118 • elegans, 137 undulata, 118 falklandicus, 137 capensis, Burhinus capensis, 39 forbesi, 137 Microparra, 190 fulvus, 134 Rhynahcca, 130 geoffroyi, 137, 147 hiaticola , Catoptrophorus, 84 major, 137 semipalmatus inornatus, 84 hiaticula hiaticula, 137 semipalmatus semipalmatus, 84 tundra}, 137 cayamis, Iioploxypterus, 1G1 marginatus, 137 cayennensis, Belonopterus cayennensis, melanops, 170 162 marngli, 137 celebensis, Scolopax rusticola, 110 melanops, 137 Chastusia gregaria, 155 melodus, 137 chalcopterus, Ithinoptilus chalcopterus, minor, 137 '* 201 mongolus, 137 Charadriid.®, 132 altifrons, 147 Classification of, 6 morinellus, 157 Genera arranged systematically, nivosus nivosus, 137 8 tenuirostris, 137 Charadriiformes, Dr. G. C. Low's occidentalis, 137 Classification, 3 pallidas, 137 P

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries 210 INDEX

Gharadrius pecuarius allenbyi, 137 cinnamomina, Cirrepidesmus wil- pecuarius, 137 sonia, 147 peroni, 137 clrrepidesmus, 147 placidus, 137 , 10, 137, 147 pluvialis, 134 asiaticus, 147 rubricollis, 137 bicinctus bicinclus, 147 ruficapillus ruficapillus, 138 incertus, 147 tormenti, 137 leschenaultii, 147 rufoeinctus, 137 mongolus atrifrons, 147 sanctce-helence, 137 mongolus, 147 semipalmatus, 137 obscurus, 147 squatarola, 132 veredus, 147 thoracicus, 137 wilsonia beldingi, 147 torquatus, 137 cinnamomina, 147 - varius, 137 rufinucha, 147 — allenbyi, 137 wilsonia, 147 venustus, 137 Cladorhynchus, 17,8 veredus, 137 leucocephalus leucocephalus, 178 vociferus peruvianas, 137 rottnesti, 178 ■ rubidus, 137 Ccenocorypha, 128 vociferus, 137 aucklandica aucklandica, 128 cheeputi, Atlagis, 204 iredalei, 128 Chettusia, 155 huegeli, 128 gregaria, 155 pusilla, 128 leucura, 157 collaris, Charadrius, 137 chimborazensis, Attagis, 204 cooperi, Calidris, 85 chinensis, Galidris testacea, 85 coromandelicus, Cursorius, 198 Chionarchus, 191 coronatus, Stephanibyx, 159 crozettensis, 191 couesi, Galidris maritima, 85 minor, 17, 191 crassirostris, Hemiparra crassirostris, Chxonidid^;, 191 163 Ghionis, 192 Cbocethia, 105 alba, 192 alba, 105 crozettensis, 192 crozettensis, Ghionis, 192 marionensis, 192 Crymophilus fuliearius, 46 nasicornis, 192 esongor, Buhrinus capensis, 39 chirurgus, Hydrophasianus, 189 cucullatus, Gharadrius cucullatus, 137 Chlamydotis, 27 curonicus, Gharadrius dubius, 137 undulata fuertaventurce, 27 cursor, Cursorius cursor, 198 macqueeni, 27 Cubsoriidje, 198 undulata, 27 Cursorius, 198 Chobiotis, 29 coromandelicus, 19S arabs arabs, 29 cursor bannermani, 198 stieberi, 29 bogolubovi, 198 australis australis, 29 cursor, 198 derbyi, 29 dahlakensis, 198 melvillensis, 29 exsul, 198 edwardsi, 29 iranicus, 198 kori adolfi-friederici, 29 kordofanensis, 198 kori, 29 littoralis, 198 struihiunculus, 29 meruensis, 198 Chubbia, 11S ruvanensis, 198 cinctus, Erythrogonys cinctus, 170 somalensis, 198 gallicus, 198 , Ehvnoptilus cinctus, 201 bogolubovi, 198 cinerea, Galachrysia, 193 dahlakensis, 198 ——, Terekia cinerea, 77 exsul, 198 cinereus, Microsarcops, 164 iranicus, 198 cinnamomea, Tringa solitaria, 52 i kordofanensis, 19S

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries INDEX 211

Cursoriua gallicus littoralis, 198 Erythrogonys cinctus cinctus, 170 meruensis, 198 mixtus, 170 somalensis, 198 erythropus, Tringa, 52 isabellinus, 198 Esactjs, 44 rufus, 198 magnirostris melvillonsis, 45 1 ruvanensis, 198 neglectus, 45 temmincki jebelensis, 19S queenslandicus, 45 temmincki senegalensis, 19S recurvirostris, 44 temmincki, 198 Eudromias, 157 cyanopus, Numenius arquata, 78 australis, 181 cynosures, Squatarola squatarola, 132 modestus, 150 morinellus, 157 dahlakensis, Cursorius cursor, 198 Eugallinago, 118 damarensis, Burhinus capensis, 39 Euhyas, 157 dealbatus, Charadrius alexandrinus, leucura, 157 137 Eupodella, 147 Defilippia, 163"5 asiatica, 147 burrowsii, 163 vereda, 147 leucoptera, 163 Eupodotis, 33 delicata, Capella .gallinago, 118 afroides etoscha;, 28 denhami, Neotis cafra, 32 —— arabs, 29 derbyi, Ghoriotis australis, 29 australis, 29 distinctus, Burhinus cedicnemus, 39 barrowii, 33 Ditelmatias, 118 coerulescens, 33 dodsoni, Burhinus capensis, 39 canicollis canicollis, 33 dominicensis, Burhinus bistriatus, 39 canicollis somaliensis, 33 dominicus, Pluvialis dominicus, 134 edwardsi, 29 Dromadidae, 193 kori, 29 Dramas ardeola, 17, 193 senegalensis, 33 dubius, Gharadrius dubius, 137 Eurhinorhynchus pygmtcus, 104 durnfordi, Hcematopus palliatus, 171 eurhinus, Tringa totanus, 52 dybowskii, Otis tarda, 34 Eurynorhynchus, 104 pygmaeus, 104 edwardsi, Ghoriotis, 29 pygmeus, 104 ehrenbergi, Burhinus capensis, 39 Eurypterus, 157 ellisi, Prosobonia, 109 exsul, Cursorius cursor, 198 Elseya, 137 Elseyornis, 137 faerceensis, Capella gallinago, 118 melanops, 137 falcinellus, Limicola falcinellus, 102 emini, Galachrysia ocularis, 193 falklandicus, Gharadrius, 137 , Rhinoptilus cinctus, 201 fedoa, Limosa, 72 Ereunetes, 101 finschi, Hcematopus ostralegus, 171 mauri, 101 fitzgeraldi, Attagis gayi, 204 " occidentalis, 101 fitzroyi, Bhynchcea australis, 130 pusillus, 17, 101 flavipes, Tringa, 52 pusillus, 84, 98 forbesi, Charadrius, 137 Erolia, 10 frazari, Hcematopus palliatus, 171 acuminata, 85 frontalis, Anarhynchus, 152 ferruginea, 85 fuertaventurce, Ghlamydotis undulata, fuscicollis, 85 27 maritime quarta, 85 fulicarius, Phalaropus, 46 /m minuta, 85 juliginosus, Hcematopus unicolor, 171 minuta, 85 fulleborni, Olareola pratincola, 194 minutilla subminuta, 85 frdvus, Pluvialis dominicus, 134 —— testaeea, 85 fuscicollis, Oalidris, 85 ehinensis, 85 Eroliinse, 98 Galachrysia, 193 Erythrogonys, 170 cinerea, 193 cinctus, 170 lactea, 193

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries 212 INDEX

Qalachrysia nuehalis antcenia, 193 Olareola nordmanni, 194 liberies, 193 nuehalis, 193 marchei, 193 ocularis, 193 nuehalis, 193 orientalis, 194 ——- ocularis emini, 193 pratincola erlangeri, 194 ocularis, 193 fulleborni, 194 Galactochrysea emini, 193 limbata, 194 lactea, 193 maldivarum, 194 liberise, 193 orientalis, 194 ocularis, 193 pratincola, 194

galapagensis, Hcematopus palliatus, , Tringa glareola, 52 171 GI.areolidaj, 193 gallinacea, Irediparra gallinacea, 187 Glottis nebularia, 52 Gallinago anthonyi, 118 nebularius georgi, 52 aucklandica, 128 glottoides, 52 australis, 118 glottoides, Tringa nebularia, 52 australis australis, 118 gracemeri,Lobibyx noifbe-hollandice, 167 oweni, 118 gracilis, Rhinoptilus africanus, 201 brasiliensis, 118 granti, JRhinoptilis africanus, 201 , Capella gallinago, 118 gregaria, Chettusia, 155 chathamica, 128 grisescens, Belonopterus cayennensis, coelestis, 118 162 delicata, 118 griseus, Limnodromus griseus, 70 dubia, 118 guttifer, Tringa, 52 gallinago, 118 givendolence, Zonifer tricolor, 168 major, 118 gymnostoma, Jacana spinosa, 188 — raddei, 118 unielavus, 118 hcemastica, Limosa, 72 gallinaria, 118 EDEMATOPODIN-S:, 171 —-— gallinula, 128 ELematoptjs, 171 hardwickii, 118 ater, 171 huegeli, 128 bachmani, 171 imperialis, 118 knudensi, 171 macrodactyla, 118 leucopodus, 171 major, 118, 128 —-— longirostris mattingleyi, 171 orientalis, 118 moquini meade-waldoi, 171 media, 118 moquini, 171 megala, 118 niger meade-waldoi, 171 nemoricola, 118 ostralegus borystlienieus, 171 nobilis, 118 finschi, 171 paraguaise, 118 longipes, 171 pusilla, 128 longirostris, 171 sabinei, 118 osculans, 171 solitaria, 118 ostralegus, 171 stenura, 118 picatus, 171 ——■ stricklandi, 118 reischeki, 171 tristrami, 128 palliatus durnfordi, 171 gayi, Attagis gayi, 204 frazari, 171 georgi, Tringa nebularia,, 52 — galapagensis, 171 gigantea, Capella, 118 palliatus, 171 gindiana, Lophotis gindiana, 32 —-pratii, 171 Glabeoia, 194 quoyi, 171 * antsenia, 193 toumsendi, 171 emini, 193 unicolor bernieri, 171 fusca, 194 • fuliginosus, 171 fulleborni, 194 ophthalmicus, 171 —limbata, 194 unicolor, 171 maldivarum, 194 hardwickii, Capella hardwickii, 118 melanoptera, 194 harterti, Lobibyx miles, 167

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries INDEX 213

hartingi, Rhinoptilus africanus, 201 hudsoniaus, Numenius, 78 liartlaubi, Lissoti, 31 huegeli, Gcenocorypha, 128 Helenajgialus, 137 humilis, Heterotetrax, 30 Helodromas ochropus, 52 Hydraleetor, 187 solitarius, 52 gallinaceus, 187 solitarius, 52 Hydbophasianus, 189 'Hemipabba, 163 chirurgus, 189 crassirostris crassirostris, 163 hypoleucos, Tringa, 52 leucoptera, 163 Hypsibates himantopus minor, 176 hybrida, 163 leucocephalus albus, 176 leucoptera, 163 leucocephalus, 176 Heteractitis incamis, 52 ——timorensis, 176 solitarius, 52 Hetergpygia acuminata, 52, 85 Ibidobhyncha, 182 aurita, 85 struthersii, 182 bairdi, 85 Ibidobhynohinae, 182 maculata^ 85 Ibidorhynchus struthersi, 182 Heteroscelus brevipes, 52 Iliornis stagnatilis addenda, 52 incanus, 52 imperialis, Gapella, 118 porteri, 52 incana, Tringa, 52 Hetebotetbax, 30 incertus, Girrepidesmus bicinctus, 147 humilis, 30 indicus, Burhinus cedicnemus, 39

vigorsii ruppelli, 30 , Lobivanellus indicus, 164

vigorsii, 30 , Metopidius, 189 Heterotis, 30 inornatus, Catoptrophorus semipalma- heuglinii, Neotis, 32 tus, 84

hiaticula, Charadrius hiaticula, 137 , Stephanibyx, 159 elegans, 137 insularum, Burhinus cedicnemus, 39 inomata, 147 intermedia, Jacana jacana, 188 hilgerti, Lophotis gindiana, 32 interpres, Arenaria interpres, 183 Himantopodinas, 176 iranicus, Cursorius cursor, 198 Himantopus, 176 iredalei, Gcenocorypha auclclandica, ■ candidus, 176 128 himantopus himantopus, 176 Ibedipabba, 187 himantopus, 176 cristata, 187 minor, 176 gallinacea gallinacea, 187 knudseni, 176 — melvillensis, 187 leucocephalus alius, 176 novce-guinecz, 187 assimilis, 176 novae-hollandice, 187 leucocephalus, 176 rothschildi, 187 timorensis, 176 isabella, Stiltia, 197 -melanurus, 176 melas, 176 Jacana, 188 • mexicanus, 176 jacana intermedia, 188

, Miaropalama, 107 jacana, 188 Homoscolopax, 118 nigra nigra, 188 Hoploptebus, 169 spinosa gymnostoma, 188 cayanus, 161 spinosa, 188 speciosus, 169 violacece, 188 spinosus, 161 jamesoni, Gapella, 118 spinosus, 169 javanicus, Terekia, 77 ventralis, 169 jebelensis, Cursorius temmincki, 198 n Hoploxyptebus, 161 jerdoni, Oharadrius dubius, 137 cayanus, 161 Houbara fuertaventurse, 27 knudseni, Himantopus, 176 macqueenii, 27 kordofanensis, Cursorius cursor, 198 undulata, 27 kori, Choriotis lcori, 29 Iioubaropsis bengalensis, 27 lactea, Galachrysia, 193 Iioubaropsis indica, 27 lapponica, Limosa lapponica, 72

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries

n 214 INDEX

lateralis, Afribyx, 168 LOBIBYXINiE, 167 latifrons, Sarciophorus tectus, 170 Lobipes lobatus, 46 latreillei, Attagis gayi, 204 Lobiplitvia, 165 Leimonites, 85 malabarica, 165 lesckenaultii, Girrepidesmus, 147 Lobivanellus, 164 indicus leucocephalus, Gladorhynchus leuco- aigneri, 164 ^ cephalus, 178 atronuchalis, 164 , Himantopus leucocephalus, 176 indicus, 164 leucopodus, Hcematopus, 171 lateralis, 167, 168 Leucopolius, 10, 137 peotoralis, 168 rufieapillus rufieapillus, 137 senegallus lateralis, 168 leucoptera, Prosobonia, 109 major, 168 leucura, Vanellochettusia, 157 longicauda, Bartramia, 67 liberies, Galachrysia nuchalis, 193 longirostris, Hcematopus ostralegns, 171 limbata, Glareola pratincola, 194 Lophotis, 32 Limicola, 102 gindiana gindiana, 32 faleinella, 102 gindiana hilgerti,A2 falcinellus Jalcinellus, 102 ruficrista, 32 sibirica, 102 savilei, 32 platyrhyncha, 102 ludwigii, Neotis, 32 Limnocinclus acuminatus rufescens, Lymnocryptes, 128 85 minimus, 128 Limnocryptes gallinula, 128 minima, 128 Machetes pugnax, 17 Limnodromus, 70 pugnax, 98 griseus griseus, 70 macqueeni, Ghlamydotis undulata, 27 scolopaceus, 70 macrodactyla, Gapella, 118 taczanowslcii, 70 Macrodura, 118 Limonites damaeensis, 85 Maerorhamphus griseus, 70 fuseicollis, 85 griseus, 70 minutus, 85 scolopaceus, 70 Limosa, 72 semipalmatus, 70 belgica, 72 taczanowskii, 70 fedoa, 72 macularia, Tringa, 52 hcemastica, 72 maculata, Galidris, 85 hudsonica, 72 madagascariensis, Numenius arquata, lapponicus, baueri, 72 78 lapponica, 72 magnirostris,BurhinusmagnirostrisAO novae-zealandiae, 72 , Orthorhamphus magnirostris, 45 limosa limosa, 72 major, Afribyx senegallus, 168 limosa, 72 malabarica, Lobipluvia, 165 melanuroides, 72 maldivarum, Glareola, 194 novse-zealandije, 72 malouinus, Attagis, 204 uropygialis, 72 marchei, Galachrysia nuchalis, 193 lineatus, Numenius arquata, 78 marginatus, Charadrius, 137 Lissotis, 31 maritima, Calidris maritima, 85 hartlaubi, 31 marngli, Gharadrius melanops, 137 lovati, 31 mauri, Ereunetes, 101 melanogaster, 31 meade-waldoi, Hcematopus moquini, notophila, 31 171 littoralis, Cursorius cursor, 19S media, Capella, 118 lobatus, Phalaropus, 46 megala, Gapella, 118 Lobibyx, 167 melanocephala, Arenaria, 183 miles, 167 melanocephalus, Tylibyx, 164 harterti, 167 melanogaster, Lissotis, 31 personatus, 167 melanoleuca, Tringa, 52 novce-hollandioe gracemeri, 167 melanops, Gharadrius melanops, 137 Lobibyx novce-hollandice novce-hollan¬ melanopterus, Stephanibyx melanop- dioe, 167 terus, 159

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries

o INDEX 215

melanuroides, Limosa limosa, 72 Nesoceryx, 147 melanurus, Himantopus, 176 bicinctus, 147 melas, Himantopus, 176 nigra, Jacana nigra, 188 melodus, Charadrius, 137 nigripennis, Capella, 118 melvillensis, Choriotis australis, 29 nivosus, Charadrius nivosus, 137 qi , Irediparra gallinacea, 187 nobilis, Capella, 118 , Orthorhamphus magnirostris, 45 nordmanni, Glareola, 194 meruensis, Cursorius cursor, 19S novce-guineai, Irediparra gallinacea, Mesoscolopax, 84 187 borealis, 84 novce-hollandicE, Irediparra gallinacea, minutus, 84 187

Metopidius, 189 , Lobibyx novoe-hollandice, 167 indicus, 189 novce-zealandim, Thinornis, 152 mexiceuius, Himantopus, 176 nuba, Neotis, 32 Micropalama, 107 nuchalis, Galachrysia nuchalis, .193 himantopus, 107 Numenius, 78 Microparra, 490 americanus americanus, 78 capensis, 190 occidentalis, 78- Microsarcops, 164 parvus, 78 cinereus, 164 arcuata, 78 minimus, Lymnocryptes, 128 arcuatus, 78 minor, Chionarchus, 191 I arquata, 52 , Himantopus himantopus, 176 arquata, 78

, Philohela, 117 cyanopus, 7 8 , Stephanibyx melanopterus, 159 lineatus, 7 8 minuta, Calidris, 85 madagascariensis, 78 minutilla, Calidris, 85 a arquatus, 78 minutus, Mesoscolopax, 84 lineatus, 78 mira, Scolopax rusticola, 110 madagascariensis, 78 mitchetti, Pliegornis, 108 borealis, 78 mixtus, Erythrogonys ductus, 170 hudsonicus, 78 modestus, Zonibyx, 150 longirostris, 78 molina, Belonopterus cayennensis, 162 phaeopus alboaxillaris, 78 mongolus, Cirrepidesmus mongolus, phceopus, 78 147 variegatus, 78 montanus, Podasocys, 166 • tahitiensis, 78 moquini, Hcamatopus moquini, 171 tenuirostris, 7S morinella, Arenaria interpres, 183 morinellus, Eudromias, 157 oahuensis, Arenaria interpres, 183 Mytilus edulis, 172 obscurus, Cirrepidesmus, 147 , Rhinoptilus chalcopterus, 201 nebularia, Tringa nebularia, 52 occidentalis, Charadrius, 137 neglectus, Orthorhamphus magniros¬ , Numenius americanus, 78 tris, 45 Ochthodromus, 10, 147 nemoricola, Capella, 118 asiaticus, 147 Neoglottis flavipes, 52 bicinctus, 147 melanoleuca, 52 mongolicus, 147 Neopisobia, 85 veredus, 147 Neoscolopax, 116 wilsonia, 147 rochusseni, 116 ocrophus, Tringa ocrophus, 52 Neospilura, 118 ocularis, Galachrysia ocularis, 193 Neotis, 32 Odurella, 118 m burchellii, 32 CEdicnemus, 10 cafra cafra, 32 affinis, 39 denhami, 32 , Burhinus oedicnemus, 39 —— heuglini, 32 btittikoferi, 39 heuglinii, 32 capensis, 39 neotis ludwigii, 32 —— affinis, 39 nuba, 32 —— dodsoni, 39

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries 216 INDEX

CEdicnemus capensis ehrenbergi, 39 Oxyechus tricollaris, 137 crepitans, 39 vocifera vocifera, 137 —— csongor, 39 vociferus, 137 dodsoni, 39 peruvianus, 137 ■ grallarius, 39 rubidus, 137 cedicnemus, 39 vociferus, 137 ■ distinctus, 39 W gularis, 39 Pagoa, 147 indicus, 39 geoffroyi, 147 insularum, 39 leschenaultii, 147 saharae, 39 Pagolla wilsoni rufinucha, 147 vermieulatus, 39 wilsonia beldingi, 147 scolopax, 39 cinnamomina, 147 senegalensis, 39 palliatus, Hcematopus palliatus^ll 1 ophthalmicus, Hcematopus unicolor, pallidus, Charadrius, 137 171 paraguaice, Capella, 118

orbignianus, Thinocorus, 205 Parascolopax, 110 „ Oreophilus ruficollis, 1G5 Paroxyechus, 137 simonsi, 165 Parra africana, 186 totanirostris, 165 jacana, 188 Obeopholus, 165 PABBID,®, 186 ——ruficollis ruficollis, 165 patagonicus, Thinocorus rumicivorus, simonsi, 165 205 totanirostris, 165 Pavoncella pugnax, 98 orientalis, Otis tetrax, 34 leucoprora, 98 Obthobhamphiis, 45 pecuarius, Charadrius pecuarius, 137 magnirostris magnirostris, 45 Pelidna alpi^a, 85 melvillensis, 45 sakhalina, 85 neglectus, 45 variegata, 85 queenslandicus, 45 schinzii, 85 scommophorus, 45 Peltohyas, 181

osculans, Hcematopus ostralegus, 171 , 137 ostralegus, Hcematopus ostralegus, 171 australis australis, 181 O'MDIDiE, 27 whitlocki, 181 Otis, 34 Peltohyatinje, 181 adolfi-friederici, 29 Pernettyva, 137 arabs, 29 peroni, Charadrius, 137 stieberi, 29 personatus, Lobibyx miles, 167 australis, 29 peruvianus, Charadrius vociferus, 137

barrovil, 33 , Thinocorus, 205 cairuleseens, 33 Phalabopodin.®, 46 denhami, 32 Phababopus, 46 liumilis, 30 antarcticus, 46 kori struthiunculus, 29 fulicarius, 46 maequeeni, 27 j ourdaini, 46 melanogaster, 31 hyperboreus, 46 orientalis tetrax, 34 lobatus, 46 rufiorista hilgerti, 32 tricolor, 46 •——- senegalensis, 33 wilsoni, 46 barrowi, 33 Phegobnis, 108 canicollis, 33 ■ mitchelli, 108 somaliensis, 33 Philohbba, 117 tarda dybowslcii, 34 minor, 117 # korejewi, 34 Philomachus, 98 tarda, 34 pugnax, 98 tetrax orientalis, 34 Phaiopus hudsonicus, 78 tetrax, 34 , Numenius phceopus, 78 oweni, Capella hardwickii, 118 phseopus variegatus, 78 Oxyechus forbesi, 137 taliitiensis, 78

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries INDEX 217

Phyllopezus, 186 Reeurviroatra avocetta, 178 africanus, 186 avosetta, 178 Phylloscopus viridanus, 73 novce-hollandice novce-hollandice, picatus, Hcematopus ostralegus, 171 178 picturata, Tringa glareola, 52 stalkeri, 178 ^Pisobia, 85 recurvirostris, Esacus, 44 —— acuminata, 85 reischeki, Hcematopus ostralegus, 171 bairdii, 85, 183 resplendens, Ptiloscelys, 160 cooperi, 85 Rhinoptilus, 201 damacensis, 85 africanus africanus, 201 — maculata, 85 bisignatus, 201 minutilla, 85 gracilis, 201 pectoralis, 85 granti, 201 placicms, Charadrius, 137 hartingi, 201 Pluvialis, 134 raffertyi, 201 apricarius apricarius, 134 bieinetus, 201 v' altifrons, 134 bitorquatus, 201 — oreophilos, 134 chalcopterus albofasciatus, 201 dominions dominions, 134 chalcopterus, 201 fulvus, 134 obscurus, 201 Pluvianelltjs, 152 cinctus cinctus, 201 sociabilis, 152 emini, 201 Plttvianus, 201 seebohmi, 201 cegyptius, 201 Rhyacopliilus glareola, 52 Pluviorhynchus, 147 alpinis, 52 obscurus, 147 picturata, 52 Podasocys, 166 » Rhynchaea, 130 —— montanus, 166 australis australis, 130 pratii, Hcematopus palliatus, 171 fitzroyi, 130 pratincola, Glareola pratincola, 194 capensis, 130 Prohaamatopus, 171 semicollaris, 130 Pbosobonia, 109 Rhyncmjinje, 130 ellisi, 109 robusta, Tringa totanus, 52 leucoptera, 108, 109 rochusseni, Neoscolopax, 116 psammochromus, Burhinus capensis, rogersi, Calidris canutus, 85 39 Rogibyx, 164 Pseudoglottis guttifer, 52 tricolor, 164 Pseudoscolopax aemipalmatus, 70 rosenbergi, Scolopax saturata, 110 taczanowskii, 70 rossi, Thinornis, 152 Pseudototanus guttifer, 52 Rostratula australis, 130 ptilocnemus, Calidris maritima, S5 fitzroyi, 130 Ptiloscelys, 160 bengalensis, 130 resplendens, 160 capensis, 130 pugnax, Philomcichus, 98 rothschildi, Irediparra gallinacea, 187 Purpura lapillus, 173 rottnesti, Cladorhynchus leucocephalus, pusilla, Cosnocorypha, 128 178 pusillus, Ereunetes, 101 rubidus, Charadrius vociferus, 137 pygmeus, Eurynorhynchus, 104 rufa, Calidris canutus, 85 rufescens, Burhinus magnirostris, 39 queenslandious, Orthorhamphus mag- ruficapillus, Charadrius ruficapillus, fe i^ostris, 45 137 % ruficollis, Calidris, 85

raddei, Gapella gallinago, 118 , Oreopholus ruficollus, 165 raffertyi, Rhinophilus africanus, 201 ruficrista, Lophotis, 32 Raillietina (Skrjabinia) bodkini, 67 rufinucha, Cirrepidesmus wilsonia, 147 ramsayi, Burhinus magnirostris, 39 rufus, Cursorius, 198 Recubvibostba, 178 rumicivorus, Thinocorus rumicivorus, —— americana, 178 205 andina, 178 ruppelli, Heterotetrax vigorsii, 30

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries 218 INDEX

rusticola, Scolopax rusticola, 110 spinosa, Jacana. spinosa, 188 ruvanensis, Cursorius cursor, 198 spinosus, Hoplopterus, 169 Squatabola, 132 saharce, Burhinus cedicnemus, 39 helvetica, 132 sakhalina, Oalidris alpina, 85 squatarola cynosurce, 132 sanctce-helencB, Charadrius, 137 squatarola, 132 Sabciophorus, 170 squatarola, 132 malabarieus, 165 stagnatilis, Tringa stagnatilis, 52 melanocephalus, 164 Steganopus tricolor, 46 pectoralis, 168 stenura, Capella, 118 tectus latifrons, 170 Stephanibyx, 159 tectus, 170 coronatus, 159 Sareogrammus indieus, 164 inornatus, 159 aigneri, 164 melanopterus melanopteriB, 159 saturata, Scolopax saturata, 110 minor, 159 savilei, Lophotis, 32 stieberi, Choriotis arabs, 29 sckinzii, Calidris alpina, 85 Stiltia, 197 scolopaceus, Limnodromus griseus, 70 Isabella, 197 Scolopacidas, 46 Strepsilas interpres, 183 , Classification of, 6 stricklandi, Capella, 118 , Genera arranged systematic¬ struthersii, Ibidorhyncha, 182 ally, 7 struthiunculus, Choriotis kori, 29 ScOLOPAOINiE, 110 Subglareola, 193 Scolopax, 110 subminuta, Calidris, 85 gallinago, 118 subruficollis, Tryngites, 104 gallinula, 128 Subspilura, 118 major, 118 superciliarisp Burhinus superciliaris, minima, 128 39 rochusseni, 110, 116 superciliosus, Anomalophrys, 170 rusticola celebensis, 110 Symphemia, 84 — mira, 110 Sypheotis, 38 rusticula, 110 aurita, 38 rusticula, 110 bengalensis, 38 orientalis, 110 indica, 38 Scolopax saturata rosenbergi, 110 saturata, 110 taczanowskii, Limnodromus, 70 testacea, 85 tahitiensis, Numenius, 78 scommophorus, Orthorhwrnphus mag- tarda, Otis tarda, 34 nirostris, 45 tectus, Sarciophorus tectus, 170 seebolimi, Charadrius alexandrinus, Telmatias faerceensis, 118 137 temmincki, Cursorius temmincki, 198

, Rhinoptilus cinctus, 201 temminckii, Calidris, 85 semicollaris, Ithynchcea, 130 tenuirostris, Calidris, 85 semipalmatus, Catoptrophorus semi- , Charadrius nivosus, 137

palmatus, 84 , Numenius, 78

, Charadrius, 137 Terekia, 77 senegalensis, Burhinus senegalensis, 39 cinerea cinerea, 77 , Cursorius temmincki, 198 javanicus, 77 , Eupodotis, 33 testacea, Calidris testacea, 85 senegallus, Afribyx senegallus, 168 tetrax, Otis tetrax, 34 sibirica, Limicola falcinellus, 102 tetrax, 34 /».

simonsi, Attagis gayi, 204 Thinocoridae, 205 , , Oreopholus ruflcollis, 165 Thinocorus orbignianus, 205 sociabilis, Pluvianellus, 152 pallidus, 205 solitaria, Capella, 118 peruvianus, 205

— , Tringa solitaria, 52 rumicivorus bolivianus, 205 somalensis, Cursorius cursor, 198 patagonicus, 205 somaliensis, Eupodotis canicollis, 33 rumicivorus, 205 speciosus, Hoplopterus, 169 venturii, 205

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries INDEX 219

Thinobnis, 152 Tringa glareola glareola, 52 novce-zealandice, 152 picturata, 52 rossi, 152 guttifer, 52 thoracicus, Charadrius, 137 hypoleuca, 52 thmorensis, Himantopus leucocephalus, hypoleucos, 52 incana, 52

, Charadrius cucullalus, 137 brevipes, 52 tormenti, Charadrius ruficapillus, 137, macularia, 52 142 maculata, 85 • melanoleuca, 52 _ T totanirostris, Oreopholus ruficollis, 165 Tatanis glareola, 14 minuta, 85 Totanus, vi minutilla, 85 bairdi, 52 nebularia georgi, 52 citlidris, 14 — glottoides, 52 calidris robustus, 52 • nebularia, 52 chilensis, 52 ocrophus assami, 52 -> edwardsi»52 ocrophus, 52 fuscus, 52 parvirostris, 108 glareola, 52 pygmasa, 85 guttiferus, 52 ruficollis, 85 —— hypoleueua, 52 sehinzi, 85 littoreus, 52 semipalmata, 84 macularius, 52 solitaria, 85 maculata, 52 • cinnamomea, 52 maonlatus, 52 solitaria, 52 melanoleueus, 52 solitarius cinnamomeus, 52

minutilla, 52 m stagnatilis addenda, 52 oehropus, 52 stagnatilis, 52 —— solitarius, 52 striata, 85 stagnatilis, 52 subarquata, 85

tenuirostris, 85 . subminuta, 85 terekius, 77 temmincki, 85 totanus eurhinus, 52 totanus eurhinus, 52 eurhynus, 52 robusta, 52

, Tringa totanus, 52 robustus, 52 townsendi, Hcematopus, 171 totanus, 52 Trachelotis barrovii, 33 Tkingin^:, 52

canicollis, 33 , 98 tregallasi, Charadrius cucullatus, 137 Tringoides hypoleucus, 52 tricolor, Plialaropus, 46 macularius, 52

, Rogibyx, 164 Tbyngites, 104 , Zonifer tricolor, 168 rtifeseens, 104 Tbiitga, 52 subrificollis, 104

» , vi, 10 subruficollis, 104 acuminata, 85 tundrai, Charadrius hiaticula, 137 alpina, 85 Tylibyx, 164 pacifica, 85 melanocephalus, 164 sehinzi, 85 aurita, 52 undulata, bairdi, 85 Capella, 118 , Chlamydotis undulata, 27 ^^^brevipes, 52 ** unicolor, Hcematopus unicolor, 171 *l^fcmcellata, 10S j • canutus, 85 crassirostris, 85 Vaginalis, 192 erythropus, 52 Vanellxm), 152 ferruginea, 85 Vanellochetttjsia, 157 ferrugineus, 85 leucura, 157 flavipes, 52 Vanellus, 152 fuscicollis, 85 cayennensis, 162, 168

Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries # 220 INDEX

Vanellus chilensis, 162 virgata, Aphriza, 151 cristatus, 152 vociferus, Charadrius vociferus, 137 gregarius, 155 grisescens, 162 whitlocki Peltohyas austral/is, 181 lateralis, 167, 16S wilsonia, Cirrepidesmus wilsonia, 1-17 vanellus, 152 vanellus, 152 XlPHIDIOPTERtTS, 163 ' vulgaris, 152 albiceps, 163 variegatus, Numenius phceopus, 78 • cucullatus, 163, 164 ventralis, Hoplopterus, 169 tricolor, 164 venturii, Thinocorus rumicivorus, 205 venustus, Charadrius, 137 veredus, Cirrepidesmus, 147 ——- Zapterus, 157 vermiculatis, Burhinus vermiculatis, Zonibyx, 150 39 modestus, 150 Vetola lapponioa baueri, 72 Zonikeb, 168 vigorsii, Heterotetrax vigorsii, 30 tricolor gwehdolenai, 168 violaceae, Jacana spinosa, 188 —-— tricolor, 168

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