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Male and Female Reproductive Organs 2

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Male and Female Reproductive Organs 2 Male and Female Reproductive Systems 1. Male and female reproductive organs 2. Testis, scrotum, epididymis, spermatic ducts 3. Penis and accessory glands – seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands 4. Female internal reproductive organs 5. Female external reproductive organs 6. Mammary gland (breast) and perineum SPLANCHNOLOGY Male reproductive system ° Male reproductive system, systema genitalia masculina: V a part of the human reproductive process ° Male reproductive organs, organa genitalia masculina: V internal genital organs: testicle, testis epididymis, epididymis ductus deferens, ductus (vas) deferens seminal vesicle, vesicula seminalis ejaculatory duct, ductus ejaculatorius prostate gland, prostata V external genital organs: penis, penis scrotum, scrotum bulbourethral glands, glandulae bulbourethrales Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 2 SPLANCHNOLOGY Testicle, testis ° Testicle, testis (Gr. orchis, didymis): V a pair of oval-shaped organs V two basic functions: production of sperm (spermatogenesis) secretion of androgens (male sex hormones) ° Testis in situ: V within an extension of the abdomen, scrotum V size: 40-45 mm in length 25-35 mm in height 20-30 mm in breadth V weigth – 10-14 g V external appearance: extremitas superior et extremitas inferior facies lateralis et facies medialis margo anterior et margo posterior epididymis Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 3 SPLANCHNOLOGY Macroscopic anatomy ° tunica vaginalis testis: V lamina parietalis V lamina visceralis ° tunica albuginea: V mediastinum testis V septula testis V lobuli testis – 200-300 ° tunica vasculosa Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 4 SPLANCHNOLOGY Microscopic anatomy ° Testicular lobules, lobuli testis: V tubuli seminiferi contorti – 400-600 V tubuli seminiferi recti rete testis V ductuli efferentes testis – 12-20 V lobuli epididymis (coni vasculosi) V ductus epididymidis head, body and tail of epididymis Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 5 SPLANCHNOLOGY Microscopic anatomy ° Convoluted seminiferous tubules, tubuli seminiferi contorti: V seminiferous epithelium: cells of spermatogenic lineage supporting (Sertoli) cells – epitheliocyti sustentantes (Sertoli) V stratum myoideum – myoid cells V stratum fibrosum Enrico Sertoli (1842-1910) Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 6 SPLANCHNOLOGY Microscopic anatomy ° Spermatogenic lineage cells, cellulae spermatogenicae: V spermatogonia V primary spermatocytes V secondary spermatocytes (prespermatids) V spermatids – early and late V spermatozoa Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 7 SPLANCHNOLOGY Interstitial tissue of the testis ° Interstitial (Leydig) cells, endocrinocyti interstitiales (Leydig): V 12 % of the testicular volume V located in the interstitium testis: isolated or in small clusters fenestrated capillaries V crystals of Reinke V steroid-secreting cells – production of androgens (testosterone) V stimulation by the LH (ICSH) from adenohypophysis Franz von Leydig (1821-1908) Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 8 SPLANCHNOLOGY Microscopic anatomy ° Rete testis: V straight seminiferous tubules, tubuli seminiferi recti: simple cuboidal epithelium transport of sperm V ductuli efferentes testis: pseudostratified columnar epithelium – cell types: o ciliated columnar cells o cuboidal secretory cells stratum fibromusculare Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 9 SPLANCHNOLOGY Microscopic anatomy ° Duct of the epididymis, ductus epididymidis: V ~6 m in length V forms the body and tail of the epididymis V structure of the wall: pseudostratified columnar epithelium: o epitheliocyti microvilosi – stereocilia o epitheliocyti basales o lymphocytes , halo cells tunica fibromuscularia o smooth muscle and elastic fibers tunica adventitia Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 10 SPLANCHNOLOGY Ductus (vas) deferens ° Ductus (vas) deferens: V a straight thick-walled muscular tube V transports sperm cells from the epididymis V length 45-50 cm V diameter 2.5-3 mm ° Anatomical parts: V testicular part V funicular part V inguinal part – 4 cm V pelvic part ° Ampulla ductus deferentis: V length 3-4 cm; diameter 1 cm V ejaculatory duct, ductus ejaculatorius Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 11 SPLANCHNOLOGY Microscopic anatomy ° tunica mucosa – 5-6 longitudinal folds: V lamina epithelialis – bilayered columnar epithelium with stereocilia V lamina propria: dense connective tissue elastic fibers ° tunica muscularis – thick: V inner longitudinal layer – in the initial portion V circular layer V outer longitudinal layer ° tunica adventitia (serosa) Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 12 SPLANCHNOLOGY Seminal vesicle, vesicula seminalis ° Seminal vesicle, vesicula (glandula) seminalis: V a pair of simple tubular glands – two highly tortuous tubes V posterior to the urinary bladder V length 4-5 (15) cm V diameter 1 cm ° Macroscopic anatomy: V anterior and posterior part V excretory duct Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 13 SPLANCHNOLOGY Microscopic anatomy ° tunica mucosa – highly folded mucosa: V lamina epithelialis – cuboidal or pseudostratified columnar epithelium with secretory granules viscid, yellowish secretion – 50-80% of the semen fructose, prostaglandins V lamina propria – very thin rich in elastic fibers ° tunica muscularis – thick: V inner circular layer V outer longitudinal layer ° tunica adventitia (serosa) Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 14 SPLANCHNOLOGY Prostate gland, prostata ° Prostate gland, prostata: V fibromuscular dense organ V tubuloalveolar exocrine gland V endocrine gland ° Macroscopic anatomy: V cone-shaped – chestnut-like V weigth ~ 8 g V anterior-posterior size ~2 cm V transverse size ~4 cm V vertical size ~3 cm V tip, apex prostatae V base, basis prostatae V facies anterior et facies posterior V facies inferolateralis V two parts – anterior and posterior colliculus seminalis; utriculus prostaticus crista urethralis; ductus ejaculatorii V three lobes: lobus prostatae dexter et sinister lobus medius isthmus prostatae Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 15 SPLANCHNOLOGY Microscopic anatomy ° fibroelastic capsule – thin: V fibromuscular septa 30-40 lobes ° smooth muscle, stroma myoelasticum ° glandular tissue, parenchyma glandulare: peripheral zone transition zone central zone – 25% of the volume V secretory portion: exocrinocyti mucosi – milky prostatic fluid – 30% of the semen o cuboidal or columnar pseudostratified epithelium o prostatic concretions (corpora amylacea) V prostatic tubules two layers of simple columnar epithelium V prostatic urethra Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 16 SPLANCHNOLOGY Bulbourethral glands, glandulae bulbourethrales ° Glandulae bulbourethrales (Cowper): V brownish, spherical glands V in the urogenital diaphragma V tubuloalveolar glands simple cuboidal to columnar epithelium – clear mucus acts as a lubricant V ductus glandulae bulbourethralis – 3-4 cm V fibroelastic and smooth muscle tissue V skeletal muscles of perineum Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 17 SPLANCHNOLOGY Penis, penis ° Penis, penis (Gr. phallos): V a reproductive, intromittent organ – to deposit semen in the vagina V urinary duct ° Anatomical parts: V root, radix penis crura penis bulbus penis V shaft or body, corpus penis dorsum penis facies urethralis raphe penis lig. fundiforme – elasic fibers lig. suspensorium penis V glans, glans penis collum glandis corona glandis preputium penis et frenulum preputii ostium urethrae externum Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 18 SPLANCHNOLOGY Macroscopic anatomy ° Structure – erectile tissues: V corpus cavernosum of the penis, corpora cavernosa penis crura penis septum penis V corpus cavernosum of the urethra, corpus spongiosum penis bulbus penis glans penis urethra masculina V tunica albuginea, fascia penis V subcutis V shaft skin foreskin, preputium penis glands of Littre Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 19 SPLANCHNOLOGY Microscopic anatomy ° skin V raphe penis raphe scroti ° fascia penis ° tunica albuginea ° erectile tissue V a. profunda penis V urethra spongiosa Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 20 SPLANCHNOLOGY Scrotum, scrotum ° Scrotal sac: V a dual-chambered pendulous pouch V between the penis and anus V divided by a septum and raphe scroti ° Macroscopic anatomy: V skin – hairy and pigmented lightly keratinized epithelium sebaceous and abundance of sweat glands V subcutaneous layer of smooth muscle tunica s. musculus dartos – 1-2 mm V fascia spermatica externa V fascia cremasterica V m. cremaster V fascia spermatica interna V tunica vaginalis testis – cavum vaginale lamina parietalis (periorchium) lamina visceralis (epiorchium) Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 21 SPLANCHNOLOGY Spermatic cord, funiculus spermaticus ° Spermatic cord, funiculus spermaticus: V a paired cord of connective tissue V length 15-20 cm V from annulus inguinalis profundus ° Content: V sperm duct, ductus (vas) deferens V a. testicularis V vv. testicularis, pampiniform plexu s V a. ductus deferentis (a. vesicalis sup. ) V v. ductus deferentis V a. cremasterica (a. epigastrica inf.) V lymphatic vessels V nerves, plexus testicularis V r. genitalis n. genitofemoralis Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 22 SPLANCHNOLOGY Female reproductive system ° Female reproductive system, systema genitalia feminina: V located in the pelvis ° Female reproductive organs, organa genitalia feminina: V internal female genitalia: ovary, ovarium uterine tube, tuba uterina uterus, uterus vagina, vagina V external female genitalia (vulva): mons pubis, mons pubis fleshy lips, labia labia majora et minora pudendi clitoris, clitoris vestibule, vestibulum vaginae vestibular bulbs, bulbi vestibuli greater vestibular glands, gll. vestibulares majores (mammary gland), breast, mamma Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 23
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