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ORGANIZA INSTITUCIONES COOPERANTES AUSPICIADORES INTERNACIONALES AUSPICIADORES NACIONALES PARTICIPAN COMISIÓN ORGANIZADORA Presidente: César Augusto Chacaltana Budiel Secretaria: Isabel María del Carmen Morales Reyna Asistente Técnica Científica: Luz Marina Tejada Medina Asistente Técnico Administrativo: Miguel Ángel Hernández Cajo Asistente de Relaciones Públicas: Marden Rojas Girón COMITE CONSULTIVO Dr. Víctor Benavides Cáceres Dr. Alfredo Pardo Arguedas Dr. Víctor Carlotto Caillaux COLABORADORES CON LA REVISIÓN DE LA PRESENTE PUBLICACIÓN Aldo ALVÁN Alfredo PARDO Bilberto ZAVALA César CHACALTANA Dimila MOTHÉ Enrique DÍAZ MARTÍNEZ Fernando GARCÍA Ivette GIRÓN Luz TEJADA MEDINA Manuel ALDANA María del Carmen MORALES Natalia ARAKAKI Pedro TAPIA Rodolfo SALAS Susana DAMBORENEA EDITORES César Chacaltana Luz Tejada-Medina María del Carmen Morales COMPOSICIÓN Y DISEÑO Sonia Bermúdez Lozano Olga Hernández Cerna PRESENTACIÓN Los albores del conocimiento paleontológico en el Perú, se vinculan al resultado de las investigaciones de personas e instituciones, marcadas por la curiosidad y necesidad aplicativa de los fósiles. En el ámbito geológico, estas actividades solo pudieron ser sistematizadas y desarrolladas con carácter formal, a partir de la creación en nuestro país de la Comisión Carta Geológica Nacional, con su Departamento de Paleontología, el cual desde 1965, no solo evaluaba sino que validaba, los hallazgos de fósiles en nuestro territorio. De esta manera, el estado peruano formalizaba una ligazón geología-paleontología en paralelo, mediante sus vínculos internacionales con otras instituciones en el mundo, dado el auge de la exploración minera y petrolera y sus requerimientos cartográficos. Hoy en día, otras instituciones se han sumado a estas actividades y están contribuyendo de muchas maneras para una adecuada aplicación de sus resultados concretos y específicos, fundamentales para evaluar, planificar y administrar nuestros recursos naturales. En este contexto, resulta imprescindible la información que brindan los fósiles colectados a lo largo y ancho del país tanto por su aplicabilidad como por su importancia para su desarrollo, pues los estudios paleontológicos permiten la reconstrucción de ambientes antiguos, la definición de antiguas posiciones geográficas, el reconocimiento de episodios de extinción, la datación de los materiales sedimentarios y la explotación no solo de los recursos geológicos no renovables, sino también de los renovables tales como los relacionados a sectores Educación, Turismo y Cultura. Lanzamiento del I Simposio Internacional de Paleontología del Perú en el auditorio de la Sociedad Geológica (En la mesa de izquierda a derecha el Arq. Jesús Suárez, Dr. Víctor Carlotto y el Ing. César Chacaltana. En el pódium, por la Sociedad Geológica del Perú, el Ing. Carlos Astorga). 6 En este sentido, el Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico – INGEMMET, cuya una de sus misiones es la de desarrollar, mantener y actualizar la Carta Geológica Nacional, contempla realizar investigaciones paleontológicas que contribuyan al estudio y comprensión de la evolución de las especies, los cambios climáticos, la biodiversidad, así como a la protección del patrimonio paleontológico, en coordinación con las entidades competentes. En mérito a ello, en esta oportunidad y cumpliendo su rol de promover y difundir las diversas disciplinas geocientíficas, materializa este encuentro que nos place convocar y así generar una tribuna de exposición a fin de actualizar el conocimiento paleontológico del país. La intención no solo consiste en informar sobre nuestra herencia paleontológica y comprender la naturaleza que explica la biodiversidad actual y su distribución en la esfera geográfica, sino también mostrar cómo emplear ese conocimiento para aprovechar mejor el recurso paleontológico. Para tal fin, los investigadores del Área de Paleontología de la Dirección de Geología Regional del INGEMMET junto con algunos colegas y en coordinación con el personal de la Dirección de Relaciones Institucionales del INGEMMET unieron esfuerzos en la organización del evento que tuvo como objetivo propiciar el encuentro de investigadores nacionales y extranjeros del tema paleontológico en los diversos taxones fósiles estudiados del territorio peruano, para dar a conocer nuevas evidencias, lanzar nuevas interpretaciones y la revisión o comprobación de algunas hipótesis y/o predicciones lanzadas en los últimos años. Bajo este escenario de divulgación, hubo un espacio preferencial para las discusiones y debates, donde se pudo incluir los aspectos referidos a la problemática de la formación de jóvenes relacionados a las actividades paleontológicas. La presente publicación contiene los trabajos presentados al I SIMPOSIO INTERNACIONAL DE PALEONTOLOGÍA DEL PERÚ, realizados en la ciudad de Lima los días 12 y 13 de Setiembre del 2013. Las presentaciones tuvieron lugar en el auditorio «Alberto Benavides de la Quintana» de la Sociedad Geológica del Perú pero es necesario mencionar las actividades que se desarrollaron en estos días del simposio y que han generado el consenso para poder afirmar que es considerado exitoso no solo por las evidencias captadas en la información periodística, sino por la asistencia de investigadores nacionales y extranjeros, profesores estudiantes y público en general habiéndose registrado 135 inscritos, con un promedio de asistencia de 100 personas por día. También por haberse cubierto en amplitud y calidad, la estructura planteada en sus simposios temáticos mediante las conferencias y charlas magistrales en los dos días destinados en su realización. Para ello, las sesiones científicas y exhibiciones de posters estuvieron enmarcadas en función a sus aspectos taxonómicos y a su posición en la escala del Tiempo Geológico ocupando los principales temas de investigación (micropaleontología, paleobotánica, paleontología de invertebrados, paleontología de vertebrados, tafonomía y estratigrafía). Igualmente, por haber generado los espacios de discusión apropiados a las necesidades del país como es el caso de la Mesa Redonda denominada: «El estado de las colecciones paleontológicas y su marco legal hacia la creación de un catálogo virtual en el Perú», donde participaron del debate el Ministerio de Cultura, el INGEMMET, el Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos y la Universidad del Altiplano de Puno, y donde se aprobó la necesidad de formular la denominada DECLARACIÓN PALEONTOLÓGICA DEL PERÚ. Asimismo, durante el Foro «Rol económico de la paleontología en el Perú: educación y difusión con rentabilidad» se trataron temas acerca de la problemática educativa y sus consecuencias en la generación de una identidad paleontológica nacional, la concepción de patrimonio paleontológico y sus efectos en el turismo geológico, el estado actual de las Colecciones paleontológicas y la generación de información científica básica para la producción de mapas geológicos. Según se pudo colegir, las actividades paleontológicas quedaron supeditadas a la normativa legal vigente que regula no solo los procedimientos de exploración sino que genera muchas veces impedimentos a la investigación. Por ello y como consecuencia del debate se optó por la firma de la DECLARACIÓN PALEONTOLÓGICA DEL PERÚ SOBRE LA CONSIDERACIÓN DE LOS FÓSILES COMO PATRIMONIO NATURAL DEL PERÚ a fin de definir el objeto de la ley y sobre bases conceptuales dirigir una nueva propuesta legislativa al Congreso de la República. 7 Por otro lado, se generó un paleodebate denominado «Evolución y Fe cristiana en tiempos de la Globalización», donde con la participación de un representante de la iglesia católica, se discutió acerca de las distintas posiciones filosóficas para la comprensión de la evolución de la vida, privilegiándose la intervención de los asistentes con las preguntas de rigor. Paralelamente al desarrollo del programa científico, se realizaron EXPOSICIONES DE COLECCIONES PALEONTOLÓGICAS de institutos de investigación y universidades con el objeto de difundir y hacer conocer al público asistente algunas de las maravillas fósiles de nuestro territorio. Posterior a este encuentro de dos días, se realizó un TALLER PALEONTOLÓGICO, con una visita a los afloramientos de la cuenca Pisco en el departamento de Ica, visitando la Zona de Reserva de la Península de Paracas y el desierto de Ocucaje los días 14 y 15 de Setiembre. Para culminar las actividades, se realizó un Curso Post-Simposio denominado «La Micropaleontología y su aplicación en el cartografiado geológico», dictado por el Dr. Norberto Malumián, reconocido micropaleontólogo Investigador del Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de la República Argentina, el cual se desarrolló en el auditorio del INGEMMET los días del 16 al 20 de Setiembre. Taller Paleontológico: Ballena fósil en secuencias de areniscas tobáceas y diatomáceas de la Formación Pisco, en la localidad de Ocucaje, Ica-Perú. El evento constituye el primer encuentro científico internacional llevado a cabo en nuestro país dedicado exclusivamente a la Paleontología, sentando un importante precedente y caudal de experiencias asumidas por el INGEMMET lo que de acuerdo a las palabras de nuestra Presidenta del INGEMMET, Ing. Susana Vilca Achata, permitirá su próxima realización en los próximos dos años y hacerlo cíclico, dada la necesidad de democratizar el conocimiento científico del país. Este Libro de Resúmenes incluye 40 trabajos, distribuidos en simposios temáticos los cuales fueron sometidos a una revisión por parte de investigadores del país
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  • Symposium I: Evolution O the Depositional Systems

    Symposium I: Evolution O the Depositional Systems

    9 SYMPOSIUM I: EVOLUTION O THE DEPOSITIONAL SYSTEMS MINERALOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION increase of siliciclastic sedimentation with the progressive shallow- O LYSCH SEQUENCES O THE SE ALPS ing of the basin from deep-sea to delta facies. In the Vipava lysch (VI) carbonates are predominant. In the lysch of Brkini (BK) the AND OUTER DINARIDES (NE ITALY, mineral content is similar to that of the coeval sandstones in the JB. SLOVENIA, CROATIA) Dolomite appears only in the molasse samples. In the Istrian Basin (IB) no clear trend is noticed. In the western part the siliciclastic material content is higher than in the eastern part (ig. 2). A. ALBERTI1, D. LENAZ 1, . PRINCIVALLE 1 As for heavy minerals, Cr-spinel, garnet (pyralspite and gran- and G. TUNIS 2 dite series), zircon, tourmaline, rutile, pyrite, chloritoid, pyroxene (opx and cpx), staurolite and amphibole were identified, but their 1Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Via Weiss 8, 34127 Trieste, Italy 2Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche, Ambientali e Marine, Via Weiss 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy; *[email protected] Key words: lysch, X-ray powder diffraction, heavy mineral assemblage, source areas. Introduction An extensive lysch complex of Late Cretaceous to Early Ter- tiary age outcrops in north-eastern Italy, western Slovenia and Is- tria (Croatia) (ig. 1). The rock sequences belong to different dep- ositional basins and have different ages. Sedimentation in the basins of the northern part of the complex (Slovenia and riuli) occurred from the Maastrichtian to Middle Eocene (Engel 1974; Tunis & Venturini 1989), while in the southern part (Trieste, SW Slovenia and Istria) it took place from the Middle to Late Eocene (Marincic et al.
  • PDF of Manuscript and Figures

    PDF of Manuscript and Figures

    The triple origin of whales DAVID PETERS Independent Researcher 311 Collinsville Avenue, Collinsville, IL 62234, USA [email protected] 314-323-7776 July 13, 2018 RH: PETERS—TRIPLE ORIGIN OF WHALES Keywords: Cetacea, Mysticeti, Odontoceti, Phylogenetic analyis ABSTRACT—Workers presume the traditional whale clade, Cetacea, is monophyletic when they support a hypothesis of relationships for baleen whales (Mysticeti) rooted on stem members of the toothed whale clade (Odontoceti). Here a wider gamut phylogenetic analysis recovers Archaeoceti + Odontoceti far apart from Mysticeti and right whales apart from other mysticetes. The three whale clades had semi-aquatic ancestors with four limbs. The clade Odontoceti arises from a lineage that includes archaeocetids, pakicetids, tenrecs, elephant shrews and anagalids: all predators. The clade Mysticeti arises from a lineage that includes desmostylians, anthracobunids, cambaytheres, hippos and mesonychids: none predators. Right whales are derived from a sister to Desmostylus. Other mysticetes arise from a sister to the RBCM specimen attributed to Behemotops. Basal mysticetes include Caperea (for right whales) and Miocaperea (for all other mysticetes). Cetotheres are not related to aetiocetids. Whales and hippos are not related to artiodactyls. Rather the artiodactyl-type ankle found in basal archaeocetes is also found in the tenrec/odontocete clade. Former mesonychids, Sinonyx and Andrewsarchus, nest close to tenrecs. These are novel observations and hypotheses of mammal interrelationships based on morphology and a wide gamut taxon list that includes relevant taxa that prior studies ignored. Here some taxa are tested together for the first time, so they nest together for the first time. INTRODUCTION Marx and Fordyce (2015) reported the genesis of the baleen whale clade (Mysticeti) extended back to Zygorhiza, Physeter and other toothed whales (Archaeoceti + Odontoceti).