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The Democratic Paradox a Report on Kenya’S 2013 General Elections

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The Democratic Paradox a Report on Kenya’S 2013 General Elections The Democratic Paradox A Report on Kenya’s 2013 General Elections Kenya Human Rights Commission © 2014 First published in 2014 by Kenya Human Rights Commission Opposite Valley Arcade, Gitanga Road P.O. Box 41079, Nairobi 00100, Kenya Tel: +254 (0)20 3874 999/8, 3876 065 Fax: +254 (0)20 3874 997 [email protected] www.khrc.or.ke ©2014 ISBN 9966-941-85-1 design and layout by ufuo creations • [email protected] Contents LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS FOREWORD CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Methodology and Areas for Monitoring and Advocacy .......................................................................1 1.1 KHRC’s Background on Monitoring Electoral Processes .......................................................................1 1.2 Methodology ...............................................................................................................................................2 1.3 Areas for Monitoring and Advocacy ........................................................................................................4 1.4 Summary of the Key Findings ...................................................................................................................6 CHAPTER TWO 2.0 Universal Suffrage and Political Participation ......................................................................................10 2.1 Universal Suffrage .....................................................................................................................................10 2.2 Political Participation ................................................................................................................................12 2.3 A Unique General Election: Were We Prepared? .................................................................................15 2.4 KHRC’sVerdict before the March 2013 General Election ....................................................................16 CHAPTER THREE 3.0 Legal, Policy and Institutional Framework for 2013 General Election ..............................................21 3.1 Constitutional Thresholds .......................................................................................................................21 3.2 Laws on Elections .....................................................................................................................................22 3.3 From the ECK to the IEBC: What Lessons for Electoral Reforms? ....................................................27 iii CHAPTER FOUR 4.0 Monitoring the State of Electoral Preparedness: Some Key Findings .............................................31 4.1 The Delimitation of Boundaries ..............................................................................................................31 4.2 Voter Registration ......................................................................................................................................36 4.3 Voter Education and Awareness .............................................................................................................45 4.4 KHRC Findings on Voter Awareness ......................................................................................................48 4.5 Red Flags during the Voter Simulation Exercise ..................................................................................55 4.6 Conclusions and Recommendations .....................................................................................................57 CHAPTER FIVE 5.0 Monitoring the Electoral Processes: Political Parties and their Adherence to Rules and Nomination Procedures ...........................................................................................................................59 5.1 Political Parties’ Compliance with Electoral Laws ...............................................................................59 5.2 The Registrar of Political Parties: Complacent in Ensuring Compliance with the Law? ..............60 5.3 Party Nominations, Parties’ Attempts to Stem Defections and IEBC’s Moving Target Deadline to Accommodate the Nominations .......................................................................................................62 5.4 Electoral Violence and Voter Intimidation .............................................................................................63 5.5 Violence against Women .........................................................................................................................64 5.5 Red Flags Indicating Electoral Unpreparedness at the Political Parties Nomination Stage.........65 5.6 Party Hopping: No Respite in Last-Minute Defections? ....................................................................67 CHAPTER SIX 6.0 Monitoring the Electoral Campaigns ....................................................................................................70 6.1 Voter Bribery...............................................................................................................................................70 6.2 The Abuse of State Resources during the Campaign Period ............................................................72 6.3 Conclusions and Recommendations .....................................................................................................76 6.4 Election Day ...............................................................................................................................................77 6.5 Counting and Transmission of Results .................................................................................................84 6.6 Electoral Disputes and Petitions .............................................................................................................95 CHAPTER SEVEN 7.0 Broad Conclusions and Recommendations ..........................................................................................99 7.1 Broad Conclusions .....................................................................................................................................99 7.2 General Concluding Recommendations .............................................................................................100 iv ANNEXES ANNEX 1 EPMC Structure ..............................................................................................................................................104 ANNEX 2 KHRC Monitoring Tool ...................................................................................................................................106 2.1 Mapping Based on Human Rights Violations ....................................................................................106 2.2 Mapping Geographical Areas Based on Human Rights Violations ................................................107 ANNEX 3 Election Preparedness Monitoring Tool .....................................................................................................108 Part A: Preparation of voters ........................................................................................................................108 Part B: Preparation of IEBC ...........................................................................................................................109 Part C: Preparation of polling station ......................................................................................................... 110 ANNEX 4 Electoral Process Monitoring Tool ................................................................................................................111 Part A: Leadership and Integrity ...................................................................................................................111 Part B: Political Party Processes ................................................................................................................... 112 Part C: Political Campaign Processes ......................................................................................................... 112 Part D: Verification and Confirmation ......................................................................................................... 116 ANNEX 5 Media Monitoring Tool ...................................................................................................................................117 ANNEX ENDNOTES v List of Abbreviations and Acronyms ACHPR African Commission on Human and Peoples Rights ACK Anglican Church of Kenya AG Attorney General ALGAK Association for Local Government Authorities in Kenya APSEA Association of Professional Societies in East Africa BBC British Broadcasting Corporation BVR Biometric Voter Registration CAJ Commission on Administrative Justice CBOs Community Based Organizations CDF Constituency Development Fund CDU Central Depository Unit CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women CEO Chief Executive Officer CIC Commission for the Implementation of the Constitution CIOC Constitution Implementation Oversight Committee CJPC Catholic Justice and Peace Commission CLARION Centre for Law and Research International CoE Committee of Experts on Constitutional Review CoK Constitution of Kenya CORD Coalition for Reforms and Democracy CRADLE Child Rights Advisory Documentation and Legal Centre CREAW Centre for Rights Education and Awareness CRECO Constitution Reform Education Consortium CRPD Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disability vi CSOs Civil Society Organizations DC District Commissioner DOs District Officers DPP Director of Public Prosecutions EACC Ethics
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