PUBLIC WATER -Sbpplies ANDSEWERAGE PROJECT
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UN ITED NATIONS DE OPMENT PROGRAMME WORL HEALT RGAN I A· ION GOVERNMENT OF SURINAM . PUBLIC WATER -SbPPLIES ANDSEWERAGE PROJECT VOLUM E IV WATER SUPPLIES AND SEWERAGE REPORT PREPARED BY THE WORLD HEJLTH ·ORGANIZATION ACTI~G AS ~XECU T I NG · AGENC Y AND THE UNITED NATIONS ACTING AS PARTICIPATING AGENCY FOR UNITED NAT!ONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME .... ~. , i '\ I .j GOVERNMENT OF SURINAM .~ PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES AND SEWERAGE .... " VOLUME IV WATER SUPPLIES AND SEWERAGE Report prepared by the World Health Organization acting as Executing Agency and the United Nations acting as Participating Agency for United Nations Development Programme ,. • a IX; ". Yiiif" Hi F # 4. '~ /.; , ..•.1-' ....,.'..... '.~ r" ~..: . Chapter 1 - WATER SUPPLY - GE~ CONSIl:)ERATIONS B~c~groun4 • Introduction and • 0 1 Objectives .' 0 .·.0 • 0 0 • 0 2 Present Conditions and Existing Water Supply Facilities • 3 .' N~ed for Improvem.ents 0 0···· 6 Chapter 2 - BASES FOR DESIGN OF WATER SUfPl-l-ES General 0 0 • • • 0 0 10 Domestic Require~~ts 10 Consumption Analysis 12 Design Criteria • • 0 • 0 • • • • 14 Construction Cons~4erations 19 Chapter 3 - WATER QUALITY ~QtJl-RE.MENTS General • 0 • • • • • • 21 Quantity Requirements . 0 0 • • • • 21 Quality Standards 0 • 0 21 Bacteriological C~aracter;stics 22 Physical, Chem~cal, anq~s~h~ttc cpa.r~cteristics 22 Virological Characte~istics. • 26 Biological Char8ct.er~stic~ . 28 Radiological Characteristtcs. , .':, '·i \ 28 Chapter 4 - SOURCES OF SUPPLY General • • • 29 Rain Water 0 • • 0 30 Surface Water • 31 Swamp Supplies 34 Ground Water ••• 0 34 Water Analysis 35 Chapter 5 - WATER TREATMENT Need for Treatment • 0 • 0 • 41 Treatment of Ground Water • 0 . 42 .. Treatment of Surf~ce Water 44 Slow Sand Filters 45 F1uoridation • 0 • • • • • 47 .. ,.w. Chapter 6 - INTERIM WATER SUPPLIES Status of Existing Water Supplies • 50 Present Status of Group 1 Systems . 51 Present Status of Group 11 Systems •••• 52 Present Status of Group 111 Systems • • 52 Standard Design for Slow Sand Filtration •••• 53 Chapter 7 - RECCMMENDED WATER SUPPLIES PROGRAM Master Plan 1972-2000 • • • • • • • 55 Priority Listing of Water Supplies 55 Description of Facilities • 56 ~ased Development ••••• 68 Capital Finaneing . • • • • 70 Chapter 8 - SEWERAGE - GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS Introduction • • • • • • • . • • . • 71 Existing Facilities . • . • • • • • • 7k Present Methods of Domestic Waste Disposal 74 Present Methods of Industrial Waste Disposal 75 Combined and Separate Systems • • • • • • • 76 Chapter 9 ~ BASES FOR DESIGN OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS ~ Introduction • • • • • • • • • • • • 77 Factors Influencing Waste Discharge Criteria . 78 Waste Disposal Considerations for Metropolitan Paramaribo • • • • • • • ••• • 79 Waste Water Reclamation ••• 82 General Sewerage Designs 82 Design of Collection Systems 89 Waste Stabilization Ponds . 91 Septic Tank Design ••••• 94 Sanitary Privies •••••• • • • 95 Design Periods for Sewerage Systems •• 99 Chapter 10 - PROPOSED SEWERAGE SYSTEMS • ~atta-Leidin8en System . 100 Nieuw Nickerie System • • • • 102 Albina System ••• 105 .. ANNEX 1 - SEWER USE ORDINANCE ANNEX II - DESIGN BASIS - SURFACE WATER TREA'lMENl' PLANT ANNEX III - DESIGN BASIS - GROUND WATER TREATMENT PLANT TABLES l. Existing Public Water Supply Systems in Surinam • · · · · 7 ... 2. General Health Statistics . 9 3. Mortality Statistics . · · · · 9 4. Consumption Data · · · · 13 5. Average Daily Domestic Water Demands by Population 15 6. Water Demand for Specific Purposes (Peak Flows) • • • 16 7. Substances and Characteristics Affecting Acceptability of Water for Domestic Uses • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 23 8. Tentative Limits for Toxic Substances in Drinking Water • • 27 9. Recamnended Control Limits for Fluorides in Drinking Water 27 10. Filtered Surface Water 36 11. Raw Water at Uitkijk 48 . I f"" ·, • '" ~" ~~ LIST OF FIGURES 1. Rainfall Patterns (Annual Rainfall) 2. Map of Discharge Measurement Stations • 3. Topographical Map and Profile of Lower Suriname River 4. Slow Sand Test Filters 5. Graph Sand Sieve Analyses 6. Graph Sand Sieve Analyses 7. Slow Sand Test Filter 8. Standard Design Slow Sand Filter 9. Standard Design Slow Sand Filter '10. Standard Design Slow Sand Filter 11- Graph Cost of Treatment Plants 12. Graph Cost of Booster Stations 13. Cost Comparison, Well vs. Surface Water 14. Combined Sewerage - Paramaribo 15. Santo Boma Prison - Sewage Lagoon System 16. Septic Tank Capacities i .. !' , I I ( I f I . "" l' * n n • • LIST OF PLANS 1. Kwatta-J~eidingen Treatment plant 2. Pad van Wanica Treatment Plant and Well • 3. Commewijne Area East of Orleana Kreek 4. Rijsdijkweg System to 1887 5. Rijsdijkweg System to 2000 6. River Crossing at Leonsberg 7. Rijsdijkweg Water Treatment Plant 8. Rijsdijkweg Water Treatment Plant Supply 1987 9. Rijsdijkweg Water Treatment Plant Supply 2000 10. Santigron Water Treatment Plant Supply 1987 11. Santigron Water Treatment Plant Supply 2000 12. Santigron Water Treatment Plant 13. Santigron Water Treatment Plant 14. Santigron Water Treatment Plant 15. Groot en Klein Henar Polder Systems 16. Paradise System 17. Corantijn and van Driumelen Polder Systems 18. Calcutta and Tijgerkreek Systems 19. Sewer Gravity System Lift Station and Sewage Lagoon, Kwatta-Leidingen 20. Cluster Type Septic Tank and Filter Bed System, Kwatta-Leidingen ... 21. Nieuw Nickerie Sewer System Situation 22. Nieuw Nickerie Sewer System Manhole and Details 23. Nieuw Nickerie Sewer System Pump Station \ \~ PREFACE Operations started on the project "Public Water Supplies and Sew erage (NET...4)" with the arrival of the Project Manager in September 1969. The Plan of Operations was signed by the Government of Surinam, the World Health Organizatibn, and the United Nations Development Programme on 30 October 1970. The cooperating government agency was the Ministry of Rural Government and Decentralization. The World Health Organization was named Executing Agency and was assisted by the United Nations in the capacity of Participating Agency, by virtue of a Standard Letter of Agreement which was signed by theag~ncies in July 1970. It is noted that no provision was made to contract for the consulting engineering services in the preparation of the engineering studies, reports, and designs. In this departure from the usual World Health Organization practice in UNDP(SF) preinvestlnent projects, the responsibility for the above tasks rested with the international professional staff assigned to the field activity of the project. This final report represents a statement which descriptively, qual itatively, and comprehensively summarizes the findings and recommendations of the project team, incorporating the public water supplies, sewerage, and water resources investigation aspects of the project. It comprises the following four volumes: Volume I - Summary Report Volume II - Basic Data and Special Studies Volume III -Water Resources (Hydrogeological and Hydrological Studies) Volume IV ... Water Supplies and Sewerage The subject volume, Volume IV, covers water supplies and sewerage and includes general considerations, design bases for water supplies, water quality requirements, sources of supply, water treatment, interim water supplies, and the recommended water supply program. Conferences and discussions were held with and direct assistance obtained from: Ministry of General Affairs Ministry of Health Ministry of Public Works • Ministry of Agriculture Mini.s:try of Finance Minis.try of Development Ministry of Rural Government and Decentralization ii In March 1970, a mid-project review mission visited the project. The mission included the following: Ross Milley Assistant Regional Representative, UNDP, Trinidad and Tobago G. D. Soerdjoesingh Project Coordinator, Ministry of Rural Government and Decentralization A. Jap Tjoen San Surinam UNTAB Liaison Officer Paul Bierstein Chief, Preinvestment Planning, WHO, Geneva Harry G. Hanson Regional Advisor, Engineering and Environ mental Sciences, PABO/WHO, Washington Whitman C. Dimock Technical Advisor, Resources and Transport, Division of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations, New York John T. Robinson, Zone Engineer, PABO/WHO, Zone I Office, Chairman Caracas The field operations were conducted by a team of United Nations specialized agency staff and Surinam Government staff. The team was structured as follows: Permanent Field Staff Surinam Government International Staff Counterpart Staff World Health Organization: G. D. Soerdjoesingh, Project Coordinator S. G. Serdahely, Project Manager J. G. Copley, Project Manager Engineers J. L. Vincenz, Project Manager C. L. Philipovsky, Sanitary R. Dihal Engineer (Waste Water) R. Randjietsingh R. J. Pitters, Sanitary Engineer E. T. Tsai Meu Chong (Water Supply) R. Nanden Mrs. Christina Kambel, Secretary S. Autar United Nations: Surveyor V. R. Dixon, Hydrogeologist R. Biharie C. K. Stapleton, Drilling Superintendent tt , iii Short-term Consultants Non-professionals C. Clinton Davis, Management A. Ghafoerkhan D. Duha, Hydrology J. Orie C. N. Stutz, Industrial Waste J. Ragoebar L. Huisman, Biological Filtration H. C. Faerber .. Jean L. Vincenz, Management H. Rambalie Donald E. Crum, Water Waste S. Ramdat H. A. Khodabaks Visiting Specialists Drilling Supervisors M. Suleiman, PIP, WHO, Geneva W'e C.. Dimock, UN, OTC A. Staphorst E'e El.more~ ES, PAllO, Washington P. Viereck o. Cordero, Fluoridation, PAllO, W. Bouman Washington S. Ramdas D. J. Wi~~iams, Fluoridation, Canada M. Petricie J. Doomkamp E. Wilson All of the agencies listed below, their representatives,