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GS/World History, Jan 8 GS/World History, Jan 8 Entry Task: Make a “recipe” for a revolution - what “ingredients” need to be present for people to revolt against their government? Announcements: - Parent/Guardian Survey - Today: Finish up Enlightenment & begin the French Revolution (1789) Crane Brinton: Conditions Present Before a Revolution Occurs 1. People from all social classes are discontented. 2.People feel restless and held down by unacceptable restrictions in society, religion, the economy or the govt. 3.People are hopeful about the future, but they are being forced to accept less than they had hoped for. 4.People are beginning to think of themselves as belonging to a social class, and there is a growing bitterness between social classes. 5.The social classes closest to one another are the most hostile. • • Crane Brinton: Conditions Present Before a Revolution Occurs 6.The scholars and thinkers give up on the way their society operates. 7.The gov’t does not respond to the needs of its society. 8.The leaders of the government and the ruling class begin to doubt themselves. Some join with the opposition groups. 9.The government is unable to get enough support from any group to save itself. 10.The government cannot organize its finances correctly and is either going bankrupt or trying to tax heavily and unjustly. It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity… -- Charles Dickens A Tale of Two Cities Marie Antoinette & Louis XVI GS/World History, Jan 11 Entry Task: Let us eat cake!!! Announcements: - Parent/Guardian Survey - paper copies available - Today: How did the structure of social classes in France lead to discontent? - In the process of updating grades - did you turn in Hobbes/Locke & Enlightenment philosophes? Marie Antoinette Maria Theresa’s daughter - age 14 when she was sent to France for Franco- Austrian alliance For her May 1770 wedding, she was escorted to France amid an entourage that included 57 carriages, 117 footmen and 376 horses! Read more: http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/marie- antoinette-134629573/#WTVvIpBD6eR8Og5L.99 Give the gift of Smithsonian magazine for only $12! http://bit. ly/1cGUiGv Follow us: @SmithsonianMag on Twitter Marie Antoinette Smithsonian Magazine: And what exorbitant tastes she had! She bought a pair of diamond bracelets that cost as much as a Paris mansion. She sported towering bouffant hairdos, including the "inoculation pouf," a forbidding confection that featured a club striking a snake in an olive tree (representing the triumph of science over evil) to celebrate her success in persuading the king to be vaccinated against smallpox. Marie Antoinette Executed in 1793 Marie Antoinette’s peasant cottage http://www.pbs.org/marieantoinette/life/hameau.html Marie Antoinette’s peasant cottage Marie Antoinette and her children Let them eat cake! Marie Antoinette NEVER said that! “Madame Deficit” “The Austrian Woman” The Necklace Scandal Swindle! 647 diamonds! $4.7 million! M.A. blamed Horrible Histories! • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a8TAQ0AnDMc • TAX The EXEMPT 1 Old Regime 3% 2 THREE ESTATES: • First (Clergy) 3 • Second (Nobility) • Third (Everyone Else) • 97% of Population Caricature of the Third Estate carrying the First Estate and the Second Estate on its back. • The 3rd Estate Awakens • Identify the estates + what is exempt 1 2 The American Revolution 1775-1783 French military & financial assistance to the U.S. was vital to winning the American Revolutionary War. Battle of the Chesapeake Budget Crisis Aristocratic Resurgence and Royal Weakness WEAK RESURGENCE The Assembly of Notables 1787 In 1787, Louis called an “Assembly of Notables,” hoping to get representatives from the nobility and the Church to agree to be taxed. The Assembly of Notables 1787 The Assembly of Notables 1787 FAIL The Assembly of Notables 1787 SHORTAGE GS/World History, Jan 12 Entry Task: What was daily life like for the 3rd Estate on the eve of the revolution? At your table, come up with a few examples Announcements: - Please take out notes from yesterday (Causes of French Rev) - Parent/Guardian Survey - paper copies available - Today: How did the structure of social classes in France lead to discontent? The Estates General The French king’s advisory body – Not convened since 1614 Each estate cast one vote as a group. 1 2 3 The The Everyone Clergy Nobility Else BOURGEOISIE French Professional Class (Merchants, Lawyers, etc.) AGREEMENT = VICTORY 1 2 The Clergy The Nobility 3% is a majority? What is The Third Estate? What is the Third Estate? Everything. Sieyes What has it been until now in the political order? Nothing. What does it ask to become? Something. ? Reform Proposals #1: “Doubling” the Third 1 2 3 3 The The Everyone Clergy Nobility Else Reform Proposals #2: Vote By Head 3 3 3 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Reform Proposals #2: Vote By Head 1 3 3 3 1 1 2 2 1 3 3 3 1 1 2 2 1 3 3 3 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 In a single assembly, individual nobles 2 3 3 3 and priests could vote with the Third Estate delegates. 2 3 3 3 Indecision “Doubling” Vote by the Third Head Estates General Convenes May, 1789 HAT FIASCO Hats (sumptuary laws) Louis: Hat off… Clergy: Hats off…. Nobility: Hats off…. [Uncomfortable Pause] Third Estate: Hats off. [Uncomfortable Pause] Louis: Hat on. The National Assembly June 17, 1789 3 3 3 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 The National Assembly Join us! 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 The National Assembly 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 Three Days Later The Tennis Court Oath The National Assembly pledged not to adjourn until they had adopted a constitution for France. The Tennis Court Oath Jacques-Louis David, The Tennis Court Oath Compare John Trumbull, The Declaration of Independence, 1819 The American Revolution CAPITULATION Okay, fine. Whatever. CAPITULATION Louis finally recognized the National Assembly as a lawmaking body and directed the remaining First and Second Estate to join the Assembly... ...but he brought troops to Versailles, just in case. RATE the CAUSES At your table, rate the CAUSES (1 being the MOST important, 11 the LEAST important): 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Meanwhile, in Paris... The Bastille July 14, 1789 - 18 died; 73 wounded - 7 guards killed - Only 7 prisoners held (5 criminals & 2 madmen) And in the Countryside... SHORTAGE An Aristocratic Plot??? Let’s starve some peasants. Photo Credit: One lucky guy What a splendid idea! Summer, The Great Fear 1789 PEASANT REVOLT OOPS! Did they think we were serious? Photo Credit: One lucky guy The Path of NEXT the “Great Fear” UP - Peasants attacked manor houses and monasteries, destroyed documents that destroyed rents, feudal dues, etc GS/World History, Jan 13 Entry Task: How is “We can do it” an example of PROPAGANDA? Announcements: - Parent/Guardian Survey - Today: Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen - You will need a book today + notes and reading from yesterday Declaration of Independence, 1776 Decrees of August 4th • Decrees of August 4th Abolished the “feudal system” • feudal dues • nobles’ hunting rights ABOLISHED • tax exemptions The Rights of Man [Classical] Liberalism Limited Government Economic Liberty Political Liberty [Classical] Liberalism Aristocratic Privilege State Religion Absolute Monarchy [Classical] Liberalism “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.” -- The Declaration of Independence The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen August 26, 1789 The Representatives of the French people, organized in National Assembly, considering that ignorance, forgetfulness, or contempt of the rights of man are the sole causes of public miseries and the corruption of governments, have resolved to set forth in a solemn declaration the natural, inalienable, and sacred rights of man... 1. Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions may be founded only upon the general good. INFLUENCERS of the Declaration US Declaration of Independence Jean J. Rousseau The British System of Gov. New Dilemmas 1.Did women have equal rights with men? 2.What about free blacks in the colonies? 3.How could slavery be justified if all men were born free? 4.Did religious toleration of Protestants and Jews include equal political rights? August 26, 1789 The Tricolor 1789 - The WHITE of the Bourbons and RED and BLUE of Paris. WOMEN’S MARCH ON VERSAILLESOctober, 1789 WOMEN’S MARCH ON VERSAILLESOctober, 1789 ROYAL FAMILY → PARIS Parisian Revolution After the Women’s March on Versailles, Paris became the Revolution’s epicenter. Now the King has to do whatever the National Assembly demands... NATIONALIZATION The National Assembly confiscated Church property in 1789 and abolished religious orders in 1790. Mandatory tithes were abolished. PEOPLE got to elect bishops and priests and they were paid by the state. “ Procession of Refractory Clergy" Of particular interest in this caricature of refractory clergy here are the long noses, traditionally used to caricature Jews, that suggest the refractory clergy were not of the people. This image shows resistant clergy marching in their last procession.
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