The Legacy of Contrast Management: the Zone System
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Still Photography
Still Photography Soumik Mitra, Published by - Jharkhand Rai University Subject: STILL PHOTOGRAPHY Credits: 4 SYLLABUS Introduction to Photography Beginning of Photography; People who shaped up Photography. Camera; Lenses & Accessories - I What a Camera; Types of Camera; TLR; APS & Digital Cameras; Single-Lens Reflex Cameras. Camera; Lenses & Accessories - II Photographic Lenses; Using Different Lenses; Filters. Exposure & Light Understanding Exposure; Exposure in Practical Use. Photogram Introduction; Making Photogram. Darkroom Practice Introduction to Basic Printing; Photographic Papers; Chemicals for Printing. Suggested Readings: 1. Still Photography: the Problematic Model, Lew Thomas, Peter D'Agostino, NFS Press. 2. Images of Information: Still Photography in the Social Sciences, Jon Wagner, 3. Photographic Tools for Teachers: Still Photography, Roy A. Frye. Introduction to Photography STILL PHOTOGRAPHY Course Descriptions The department of Photography at the IFT offers a provocative and experimental curriculum in the setting of a large, diversified university. As one of the pioneers programs of graduate and undergraduate study in photography in the India , we aim at providing the best to our students to help them relate practical studies in art & craft in professional context. The Photography program combines the teaching of craft, history, and contemporary ideas with the critical examination of conventional forms of art making. The curriculum at IFT is designed to give students the technical training and aesthetic awareness to develop a strong individual expression as an artist. The faculty represents a broad range of interests and aesthetics, with course offerings often reflecting their individual passions and concerns. In this fundamental course, students will identify basic photographic tools and their intended purposes, including the proper use of various camera systems, light meters and film selection. -
Each Wild Idea: Writing, Photography, History
e “Unruly, energetic, unmastered. Also erudite, engaged and rigorous. Batchen’s essays have arrived at exactly the e a c h w i l d i d e a right moment, when we need their skepticism and imagination to clarify the blurry visual thinking of our con- a writing photography history temporary cultures.” geoffrey batchen c —Ross Gibson, Creative Director, Australian Centre for the Moving Image h In Each Wild Idea, Geoffrey Batchen explores widely ranging “In this remarkable book, Geoffrey Batchen picks up some of the threads of modernity entangled and ruptured aspects of photography, from the timing of photography’s by the impact of digitization and weaves a compelling new tapestry. Blending conceptual originality, critical invention to the various implications of cyberculture. Along w insight and historical rigor, these essays demand the attention of all those concerned with photography in par- the way, he reflects on contemporary art photography, the role ticular and visual culture in general.” i of the vernacular in photography’s history, and the —Nicholas Mirzoeff, Art History and Comparative Studies, SUNY Stony Brook l Australianness of Australian photography. “Geoffrey Batchen is one of the few photography critics equally adept at historical investigation and philosophi- d The essays all focus on a consideration of specific pho- cal analysis. His wide-ranging essays are always insightful and rewarding.” tographs—from a humble combination of baby photos and —Mary Warner Marien, Department of Fine Arts, Syracuse University i bronzed booties to a masterwork by Alfred Stieglitz. Although d Batchen views each photograph within the context of broader “This book includes the most important essays by Geoffrey Batchen and therefore is a must-have for every schol- social and political forces, he also engages its own distinctive ar in the fields of photographic history and theory. -
Zone System Definitions
Zone System Definitions These definitions are meant to be used as guidelines for placement of shadow and highlight values using the Zone System of exposure. They can be used as a starting point for previsualization of a scene with a variety of black and white films, developers and papers. Materials vary in their tonal scale and latitude. For proper control of the Zone System a photographer should test each film and paper to be used. Zone VIII Areas falling in this zone will be white with almost no texture; sometimes referred to as photographic paper white. Only small areas should be allowed to fall this high, such as spectral highlights. Zone VII This is the highest value which will hold texture and detail with most films/developer combinations. It should be used for areas such as: white clothing, white paint and snow in sunlight. All films are more sensitive to blue light. Blue areas of a scene (such as skies) that fall in this zone will be very dense on the negative and rendered white on a print. Zone VI This value is generally used for light skin tones, sky values and concrete sidewalks in direct sunlight. Zone V This zone is known as 18% grey, middle or grey-card grey. This is the resulting value when an area is read and exposed as indicated by all reflective light meters. This value is generally used for dark skin tones Zone IV This value is usually used for average dark foliage, large well-lit architectural shadows, and shadow areas in light skin tones. -
HDR Photography When to Use It and Why You Shouldn't!
HDR Photography When to use it and why you shouldn't! By Steve Friedman September 30, 2020 HDR Topics • Just what is HDR? • History of HDR • Technical Considerations • HDR Best Practices • HDR Examples • More HDR Examples • Beyond HDR • Sample HDR Processing, Native and Plug-in • Questions Friedman 2020-09-30 HDR Photography 2 Just What is HDR? • High Dynamic Range, or HDR, is a technique to extend the dynamic range of imagery that can be obtained from a camera. • Cameras do not see the world as good as the human eye can • Early forms of plate technology cameras – Yes, of course! • Film cameras – of course • Digital Cameras – even the best digital cameras have limitations! • HDR is any technique, process, and/or procedure which serves to extend the dynamic range of a camera to more approximate what the human eye can see. Friedman 2020-09-30 HDR Photography 3 Just What is HDR? … continued • “Put simply it is a technique to create images with a higher range of luminosity that can be created with a single standard image. • “In other words, your camera’s sensor or film can capture a specific number tones between pure white and pure black. HDR is a technique to increase that number of tones beyond what can be captured in a single natural shot. • “Generally it is thought that the aim of an HDR images is to bring the tonal range of an image close to what the human eye can see.” Source: Lightstalking https://www.lightstalking.com/story-of-hdr-photography/ Friedman 2020-09-30 HDR Photography 4 HDR has a long history • HDR began during the early ages of photography. -
17. Display and Illumination of Color and B&W Prints
575 The Permanence and Care of Color Photographs Chapter 17 17. Display and Illumination of Color and B&W Prints The Alarming Light-Induced Image Discoloration and Base Cracking of B&W RC Prints on Long-Term Display Those serving the needs of collections being as for how much image fading and staining can be toler- heavily used for exhibition face a serious di- ated. As discussed in Chapter 7, valuable color prints should lemma. On one hand, they are chronicling, aid- be monitored with a densitometer, and visually significant ing and abetting in the systematic destruction changes in color balance, overall density, and minimum of the photographs they are charged to protect density stain levels should not be permitted to take place. by supporting reprehensible exhibition prac- Display of color prints is inherently detrimental to them, tices. On the other hand, they largely owe their but avoiding display runs counter to the reasons most pho- existence to those very exhibition programs. tographs are made and frequently conflicts with the pur- . The current exhibition vogue amounts to poses for which most individuals and museums collect prints. a systematic program of accelerating the deg- radation of our most valued and important pho- The Expendable or Replaceable Color Print tographs. The practice can and must be changed. No doubt there will be many who will claim that If a color print has no lasting value — or if it can be such an assessment is too extreme and that replaced with a new print after the original has deterio- the problem is being exaggerated. -
ART-191 / Darkroom Photography
Course Name: Darkroom Photography Instructor Name: Course Number: ART-191 Course Department: Humanities Course Term: Last Revised by Department: April 2021 Total Semester Hour(s) Credit: 1 Total Contact Hours per Semester: Lecture: Lab: 30 Clinical: Internship/Practicum: Catalog Description: This course covers basic darkroom concepts and procedures. Students will learn to shoot with 35mm film cameras, develop roll film, make enlargements, and create full-sized negatives for contact processes. Students will learn to apply basic design elements and principles to their photographs. Via self- and class critiques, students will evaluate their own work and that of their peers. Required participation in the college photography show. This course will allow students to find new forms of self-expression, both in visual career fields and on a personal level. Pre-requisite: ART-184 Credit for Prior Learning: There are no Credit for Prior Learning opportunities for this course. Textbook(s) Required: Access Code: Required Materials: Suggested Materials: Course Fees: $35 Institutional Outcomes: Critical Thinking: The ability to dissect a multitude of incoming information, sorting the pertinent from the irrelevant, in order to analyze, evaluate, synthesize, or apply the information to a defendable conclusion. Effective Communication: Information, thoughts, feelings, attitudes, or beliefs transferred either verbally or nonverbally through a medium in which the intended meaning is clearly and correctly understood by the recipient with the expectation of feedback. Personal Responsibility: Initiative to consistently meet or exceed stated expectations over time. Department Outcomes: A. Students will analyze diverse perspectives in arts and humanities. B. Students will examine cultural similarities and differences relevant to arts and humanities. -
Exposure Metering and Zone System Calibration
Exposure Metering Relating Subject Lighting to Film Exposure By Jeff Conrad A photographic exposure meter measures subject lighting and indicates camera settings that nominally result in the best exposure of the film. The meter calibration establishes the relationship between subject lighting and those camera settings; the photographer’s skill and metering technique determine whether the camera settings ultimately produce a satisfactory image. Historically, the “best” exposure was determined subjectively by examining many photographs of different types of scenes with different lighting levels. Common practice was to use wide-angle averaging reflected-light meters, and it was found that setting the calibration to render the average of scene luminance as a medium tone resulted in the “best” exposure for many situations. Current calibration standards continue that practice, although wide-angle average metering largely has given way to other metering tech- niques. In most cases, an incident-light meter will cause a medium tone to be rendered as a medium tone, and a reflected-light meter will cause whatever is metered to be rendered as a medium tone. What constitutes a “medium tone” depends on many factors, including film processing, image postprocessing, and, when appropriate, the printing process. More often than not, a “medium tone” will not exactly match the original medium tone in the subject. In many cases, an exact match isn’t necessary—unless the original subject is available for direct comparison, the viewer of the image will be none the wiser. It’s often stated that meters are “calibrated to an 18% reflectance,” usually without much thought given to what the statement means. -
Art 200.01 Computers In
UW-SP/COFAC Department of Art and Design Professor Guillermo Peñafiel Office: 157 NFAC Phone: X4057 e-mail: [email protected] Office Hours: By appointment ART 215--SYLLABUS AND COURSE OUTLINE COURSE TITLE: Basic photography CREDIT HOURS: 3 Lecture /lab: Tuesday -Thursdays 8:00- 10:15 CATALOG DESCRIPTION: An introduction to basic film photographic techniques in processing, shooting and printing. The course is strictly Black and White, the emphasis is general with heavy leaning to the Fine Arts. Elements of aesthetics are discussed as well as elements of personal expression. COURSE OBJECTIVE: The emphasis of this course is the acquisition and mastery of the basic skills of shooting, metering, processing, darkroom printing and presentation for black and white photography work. All work is “wet process”. CONTENT OUTLINE: An outline of the major topics to be covered in Art 215 is provided below. Nomenclature Camera systems Lenses Films and paper Metering and exposure Chemicals and personal safety Processing Printing The Zone System Composition and design Alternative darkroom techniques Personal expression through photography Presentation and preservation of photographic prints ASSIGNMENTS: Depth of field Line, water, texture and time Mosaic Dreams, secret story Self-portrait SUPPLIES LIST: 100 sheets of photographic paper (8x10 inches) ILFORD WARM TONE, FIBER BASE, VARIABLE CONTRAST – DOUBLE WEIGHT, GLOSSY 12 rolls of 36 exposures KODAK TRI-X PAN – ASA 400 Negative sleeves Scissors 2 hand towels Three-ring notebook Permanent marker (fine tip) Supply Sources : http://www.bhphotovideo.com/ http://www.calumetphoto.com/ http://www.freestylephoto.biz/ GRADING POLICIES: There will be four regular critique sessions and one final critique during finals week. -
Darkroom Fog Test - Intraoral
Minnesota Department of Health Radiation Control, X-ray Unit Dental Darkroom Fog Test - Intraoral Equipment needed • Timer • Coin • Unexposed Intraoral Film Packet (Fastest film in use) Procedure Turn off Safelights In the totally darkened darkroom or inside the glove box of the processor, remove the film from the film holder and place it on the counter. Place the coin on the film. Turn on safelights. Let film sit for 2 minutes, which is the nationally recognized standard. Change your position in the darkroom so as not to block any light from the film. Process the film. Because your eyes have now partially adapted to the dark (about 5 minutes) look for light leaks around the door, and around ceiling fixtures and vents. Evaluate the film. If the outline of the coin is visible, a fog problem exists that needs to be corrected. Date film(s) and record results. Radiation Control, X-ray Unit 625 North Robert Street PO Box 64497 St. Paul, Minnesota 55164-0497 651-201-4545 www.health.state.mn.us/xray [email protected] Determining where fog is from Run another fog test, this time leaving the safelights off. If the fog is reduced, you have a safelight problem. If the fog is not reduced, there is probably a white light problem. Some possible sources of safelight fog The bulb or filter may give off the correct color spectrum for the film being used. The bulb may not be the correct wattage for the distance to the work surface. A 15-watt bulb should be four feet or more from the surface. -
Darkroom Lighting Basics
Darkroom Lighting Basics Requirements: 7. “White Light” and clean-up lighting systems have 1. Darkroom lighting for each film product follows failsafe procedures to avoid accidentally fogging safelight “Darkroom Recommendations” in unprocessed film. published product technical data. When a mix of product types is used in a particular area, the 8. Machine film sensors are appropriate for the film most conservative (least chance of fogging) product being handled. lighting recommendation should be used. 9. Laboratory runs periodic checks of darkroom 2. Use of “task lighting” (light on only while lighting systems to verify that film is not being performing specific task) and “guide lighting” fogged under any normal operating condition. A (e.g., LED strip lighting outlining walkways and check should be done anytime darkroom lighting objects) is preferred to overall illumination (e.g., is changed or if light leaks are suspected. yellow sodium vapor room illumination). Darkroom lighting should not shine directly on unprocessed film, except as required for safety. Examples: 1. Unprocessed camera films should be handled in 3. Machine control, computer, and data entry total darkness. For safety, very dim green guide systems should use designed “task lighting” lighting (LED strip lights) may be used to outline concepts to minimize product exposure. walkways, walls, and darkroom hazards. Safe task lighting may be used for reading labels or 4. Use of hand-held “safelights” are discouraged data entry. In no case should light shine on the except for emergency use. film itself (even after dark accommodation, you should not be able to see the film itself with any 5. -
GRAFLEX EN LA RG - 0 R- PR I NT ER Important Features of the GRAFLEX ENLARG - OR - PRINTER
NATIONAL SERlfSJI GRAFLEX EN LA RG - 0 R- PR I NT ER Important Features of the GRAFLEX ENLARG - OR - PRINTER ENLARG-OR- PRINTER as natur ally appeals to the owner of an elabor ately equipped darkroom as it does to the newcomer. Its features supplement other apparatus-supplant less effec tive methods and practices. Here are a part of them: 117idt Range-for en larging accepts all negatives from 35 mm. to zU" x 3 Uti sections of 4" x 5" negatives. Regular top takes up to 8" x 10" paper" for contact printing or enlarging. An accessory extension top provides for contact prints or enlarge ments to I I" x 14". Unlimited large sizes are easily made. Interchangeable lens board permits use of owner's camera lens of proper focal length. Accessory lenses are available. Ground Glass Focusing-an exclusive ENLARG OR - PRINTER feature. Strip film holders as well as a book-type holder for cut films. Masking Blades are scaled and adjustable-hold the "negative flat for contact printing. Tilting Top-for correcting or creating distortion. With top tilted, the platen plate glass serves as retouching desk. Illumination varied by controlled light. Readily portable, self-contained, sturdily and precision built. GRAFLEX ENLARG-OR-PRINTER PRICES For those about to equip a dark- • • 'IIIIIl. ENLARG-OR -PRINTER, ~::-~~:~:tu~~~l:: d~~~::s:ar~f • • ~ complete except for lens, limitations of space-the ENLARG- • Is but_._ ..... __ ._._ ....... $87.50 OR-PRINTER is made to order! The Accessory Extension Strip Film Holder lop for llx14 prints or Apartment dweller or estate owner , ' enlargements, is ..... -
Download Product Catalog
PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT Developing excellence for over 65 years 150 Years of Manufacturing Excellence The Charles Beseler Company was founded in 1869 as a manufacturer of a variety of products including inhalers, magic lanterns with oil lamps and stereopticons. By 1943 the company had become an innovative audio-visual company serving the military and education markets. In 1953, Beseler entered the amateur and professional photography fields with the development of the 45 Series Enlarger and other darkroom products. Today, the Charles Beseler Company continues to be the leading supplier of photographic darkroom equipment for the educational market. Proudly made in the USA, at a modern manufacturing facility in Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, Beseler’s line of high-quality photographic equipment continues to withstand the test of time and remains the industry standard for professionals and amateurs alike. beseler.com NEW PRODUCT DESIGN AND INNOVATION. A BESELER TRADITION. Our team of experts is constantly working on engineering and manufacturing new products to meet your most challenging photographic needs. Check back on our website to discover the very latest Beseler products, parts and accessories in the coming months! From enlargers and light sources to copy stands and easels, Beseler offers the highest quality photographic equipment, all backed by an experienced sales and service team. See why photographers have trusted our products for generations. ENLARGERS 2-3 LIGHT SOURCES 4-5 EASELS 6 COPY STANDS 7 ACCESSORIES AND REPLACEMENT PARTS 8-9 800.237.3537 • beseler.com 1 ENLARGERS 23C III-XL Enlargers All 23C III-XL enlargers are built around the extra long and rigid twin girder construction which helps reduce vibrations while allowing print sizes larger than 16” x20” on the baseboard.