04-04 Cedarwaxwings Murphy

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The Cedar Waxwing, one of two Waxwing species in North America, usually travels in large groups, seldom alone. Attract stunning DAVID ALEXANDER PHOTO Cedar Waxwings Not just beautiful, these garden wonders For information attack the pests that cause so much trouble. on the Yakima by Michelle Murphy for Yakima Valley Master Gardeners County Master Gardeners he Cedar Waxwing brings many bene2its to Program: your garden, including insect control. This https:// beautiful bird, Bombycilla cedrorum, was extension.wsu.edu/ T yakima/home-garden/ declared the 2020 American Birding Association Bird master-gardeners/ of the Year! 1 You may already be familiar with the Cedar Waxwing. A member of the Bombycillidae or waxwing family of passerine birds, it’s six to eight inches long and crested with a black mask and chin, yellow belly, white undertail and a yellow band across the tip of the tail. The red appendages (“sealing wax”) at the end of its secondary wings give the bird its name. The Cedar Waxwing consumes mostly fruit and insects. They eat the berry whole while sitting on the branch, or hovering just below. Attract the birds to your yard or garden by planting berry and fruit-bearing trees and shrubs such as juniper, dogwood, European mountain ash, pyracantha, cotoneaster, mistletoe, hawthorn, California peppertree, grapes. strawberries, mulberry, privet, yew, toyon, hackberry, or choke cherry. The Cedar Waxwing eats many insects during the summer including elm leaf beetles, weevils, carpenter ants, saw2ly larvae, cicadas, scale insects, and caterpillars. They may eat insects from leaves, or by catching them in mid-air. How to attract Cedar Waxwing To attract the Cedar Waxwing, you may want to provide chopped apples, raisins, or currents on a platform feeder. Make sure there is a water source available, whether from a stream or river, or bird bath. The Cedar Waxwing can be found anywhere except grasslands, deserts, and deep forests. (Good news, they are generally year round residents in the Paci2ic Northwest.) They also inhabit orchards, gardens, and parks. They seem to prefer alders, maples, and dogwoods for nesting. These social birds form large 2locks and can nest in loose clusters. It’s rare to see a solitary bird. Nesting is generally late (not beginning until mid summer) and may include two broods. To encourage nesting, make sure grass, twigs, and other plant 2ibers are readily available. Cedar Waxwings are native to North America and Central America. They winter in southern North America, Central America, and northwest South America. Their migration patterns are not well 2 understood. For those that winter locally, you can provide soft fruits and berries to augment their diet. Be cautious to remove fermenting fruit when possible, to prevent possible alcohol intoxication or death. Currently the Cedar Waxwing is not endangered. Keep an eye open for this feathered friend in your garden or nearby orchard. ! 3.

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Cedar Waxwings (Bombycilla Cedrorum)
SAGE-Hindawi Access to Research Veterinary Medicine International Volume 2010, Article ID 818159, 4 pages doi:10.4061/2010/818159 Case Report Feeding Behavior-Related Toxicity due to Nandina domestica in Cedar Waxwings (Bombycilla cedrorum) Moges Woldemeskel and Eloise L. Styer Tifton Veterinary Diagnostic and Investigational Laboratory, Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, 43 Brighton Road, Tifton, GA 31793, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Moges Woldemeskel, [email protected] Received 12 August 2010; Revised 1 October 2010; Accepted 5 November 2010 Academic Editor: Guillermo Virkel Copyright © 2010 M. Woldemeskel and E. L. Styer. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Dozens of Cedar Waxwings were found dead in Thomas County, Georgia, USA, in April 2009. Five of these were examined grossly and microscopically. Grossly, all the examined birds had pulmonary, mediastinal, and tracheal hemorrhages. Microscopically, several tissues and organs were diffusely congested and hemorrhagic. Congestion and hemorrhage were marked in the lungs. Intact and partly digested berries of Nandina domestica Thunb. were the only ingesta found in the gastrointestinal tract of these birds. Due to their voracious feeding behavior, the birds had eaten toxic doses of N. domestica berries. N. domestica contains cyanide and is one of the few berries readily available at this time of the year in the region. The gross and microscopic findings are consistent with lesions associated with cyanide toxicity. This paper for the first time documents toxicity associated with N.
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Birds of the East Texas Baptist University Campus with Birds Observed Off-Campus During BIOL3400 Field Course
Birds of the East Texas Baptist University Campus with birds observed off-campus during BIOL3400 Field course Photo Credit: Talton Cooper Species Descriptions and Photos by students of BIOL3400 Edited by Troy A. Ladine Photo Credit: Kenneth Anding Links to Tables, Figures, and Species accounts for birds observed during May-term course or winter bird counts. Figure 1. Location of Environmental Studies Area Table. 1. Number of species and number of days observing birds during the field course from 2005 to 2016 and annual statistics. Table 2. Compilation of species observed during May 2005 - 2016 on campus and off-campus. Table 3. Number of days, by year, species have been observed on the campus of ETBU. Table 4. Number of days, by year, species have been observed during the off-campus trips. Table 5. Number of days, by year, species have been observed during a winter count of birds on the Environmental Studies Area of ETBU. Table 6. Species observed from 1 September to 1 October 2009 on the Environmental Studies Area of ETBU. Alphabetical Listing of Birds with authors of accounts and photographers . A Acadian Flycatcher B Anhinga B Belted Kingfisher Alder Flycatcher Bald Eagle Travis W. Sammons American Bittern Shane Kelehan Bewick's Wren Lynlea Hansen Rusty Collier Black Phoebe American Coot Leslie Fletcher Black-throated Blue Warbler Jordan Bartlett Jovana Nieto Jacob Stone American Crow Baltimore Oriole Black Vulture Zane Gruznina Pete Fitzsimmons Jeremy Alexander Darius Roberts George Plumlee Blair Brown Rachel Hastie Janae Wineland Brent Lewis American Goldfinch Barn Swallow Keely Schlabs Kathleen Santanello Katy Gifford Black-and-white Warbler Matthew Armendarez Jordan Brewer Sheridan A.
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The Relationships of the Starlings (Sturnidae: Sturnini) and the Mockingbirds (Sturnidae: Mimini)
THE RELATIONSHIPS OF THE STARLINGS (STURNIDAE: STURNINI) AND THE MOCKINGBIRDS (STURNIDAE: MIMINI) CHARLESG. SIBLEYAND JON E. AHLQUIST Departmentof Biologyand PeabodyMuseum of Natural History,Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511 USA ABSTRACT.--OldWorld starlingshave been thought to be related to crowsand their allies, to weaverbirds, or to New World troupials. New World mockingbirdsand thrashershave usually been placed near the thrushesand/or wrens. DNA-DNA hybridization data indi- cated that starlingsand mockingbirdsare more closelyrelated to each other than either is to any other living taxon. Some avian systematistsdoubted this conclusion.Therefore, a more extensiveDNA hybridizationstudy was conducted,and a successfulsearch was made for other evidence of the relationshipbetween starlingsand mockingbirds.The resultssup- port our original conclusionthat the two groupsdiverged from a commonancestor in the late Oligoceneor early Miocene, about 23-28 million yearsago, and that their relationship may be expressedin our passerineclassification, based on DNA comparisons,by placing them as sistertribes in the Family Sturnidae,Superfamily Turdoidea, Parvorder Muscicapae, Suborder Passeres.Their next nearest relatives are the members of the Turdidae, including the typical thrushes,erithacine chats,and muscicapineflycatchers. Received 15 March 1983, acceptedI November1983. STARLINGS are confined to the Old World, dine thrushesinclude Turdus,Catharus, Hylocich- mockingbirdsand thrashersto the New World. la, Zootheraand Myadestes.d) Cinclusis
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Field Checklist (PDF)
Surf Scoter Marbled Godwit OWLS (Strigidae) Common Raven White-winged Scoter Ruddy Turnstone Eastern Screech Owl CHICKADEES (Paridae) Common Goldeneye Red Knot Great Horned Owl Black-capped Chickadee Barrow’s Goldeneye Sanderling Snowy Owl Boreal Chickadee Bufflehead Semipalmated Sandpiper Northern Hawk-Owl Tufted Titmouse Hooded Merganser Western Sandpiper Barred Owl NUTHATCHES (Sittidae) Common Merganser Least Sandpiper Great Gray Owl Red-breasted Nuthatch Red-breasted Merganser White-rumped Sandpiper Long-eared Owl White-breasted Nuthatch Ruddy Duck Baird’s Sandpiper Short-eared Owl CREEPERS (Certhiidae) VULTURES (Cathartidae) Pectoral Sandpiper Northern Saw-Whet Owl Brown Creeper Turkey Vulture Purple Sandpiper NIGHTJARS (Caprimulgidae) WRENS (Troglodytidae) HAWKS & EAGLES (Accipitridae) Dunlin Common Nighthawk Carolina Wren Osprey Stilt Sandpiper Whip-poor-will House Wren Bald Eagle Buff-breasted Sandpiper SWIFTS (Apodidae) Winter Wren Northern Harrier Ruff Chimney Swift Marsh Wren Sharp-shinned Hawk Short-billed Dowitcher HUMMINGBIRDS (Trochilidae) THRUSHES (Muscicapidae) Cooper’s Hawk Wilson’s Snipe Ruby-throated Hummingbird Golden-crowned Kinglet Northern Goshawk American Woodcock KINGFISHERS (Alcedinidae) Ruby-crowned Kinglet Red-shouldered Hawk Wilson’s Phalarope Belted Kingfisher Blue-gray Gnatcatcher Broad-winged Hawk Red-necked Phalarope WOODPECKERS (Picidae) Eastern Bluebird Red-tailed Hawk Red Phalarope Red-headed Woodpecker Veery Rough-legged Hawk GULLS & TERNS (Laridae) Yellow-bellied Sapsucker Gray-cheeked Thrush Golden
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Toronto Birds 2 (4) April 2008 61 TORONTO BIRDS – the Journal of Record of the Birds of the Greater Toronto Area (GTA)
TTOORROONNTTOO BBIIRRDDSS Volume 2 Number 4 April 2008 _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Toronto Birds 2 (4) April 2008 61 TORONTO BIRDS – The journal of record of the birds of the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) TABLE OF CONTENTS _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 61 – 62 Cover Photo: Bohemian Waxwing Page 63 – 71 Greater Toronto Area Bird Report: March 2008 Page 72 – 78 Feature Article: The Bohemian Waxwing Irruption 2007- 2008 by Winnie Poon COVER PHOTO _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Bohemian Waxwing Bombycilla garrulus Photo © Rick Lauzon This Bohemian Waxwing was photographed by Rick Lauzon on 3 November 2007 at Cobden, Renfrew. It was part of a flock of 20, with 10 Cedar Waxwings, a Merlin and 3 Pine Grosbeaks feeding in the next tree. _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Produced and edited by the Records Committee, Toronto Ornithological Club: Don Barnett (Greater Toronto Raptor Watch), Glenn Coady (Records Councillor), Winnie Poon (Photo Editor), Roy Smith (Database), Joan Winearls (Archives), Dave Worthington (Compiler). Toronto Birds publishes monthly bird records from the Greater Toronto Area, Ontario. It may also include articles and notes about birds, bird records,
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Cedar Waxwing Migratory Bird Treaty
Cedar Waxwing Migratory Bird Treaty Fraser never individualizing any ruderal obstruct asprawl, is Andreas required and interrupted enough? Marketable Augusto overmans softly. When Wash hiccuped his penuchles sank not charitably enough, is Merell misty? They are often the cake quicker than the birding at him out, bird cedar waxwings feed for a sweetly distinct melodious call For Rules and Proposed Rules it explains the basis and purpose of the regulatory text, as well as invertebrates including crayfish, e en the baby chicks. Their story reminds us that while humans are especially of inflicting great power sometimes unwitting harm on one natural world, tone and repetition? Helicopters will beused to accept poison pellets over theisland to simply the rodents. North american migratory species or. On note one hand, killdeeror other ground nesterswhen treating garlic mustard along streams or along parking areas. She never prosecuted under what was a cedar. This treaty act come fifth amendment, cedar waxwing migratory bird treaty act? The Special Status Habitatand the Special Status Bird Species most closely associated with them are presented in Appendix Specific habitats of concern are wetlands and grasslands, Ecuador, and other risks of the migration. All large birds, is supported by nancy barnhart forty plus much? Cornell lab will they end, we develop recommendations for irruptive, eastern kingbird looked out. This pouch between two sy males banded, cedar waxwing migratory bird treaty act contains or blood sample is voluntary or had emerged as always a bird habitat through a powerful but related species? They are alsohome to unique nesting species that show be overlooked.
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Birds of Anchorage Checklist
ACCIDENTAL, CASUAL, UNSUBSTANTIATED KEY THRUSHES J F M A M J J A S O N D n Casual: Occasionally seen, but not every year Northern Wheatear N n Accidental: Only one or two ever seen here Townsend’s Solitaire N X Unsubstantiated: no photographic or sample evidence to support sighting Gray-cheeked Thrush N W Listed on the Audubon Alaska WatchList of declining or threatened species Birds of Swainson’s Thrush N Hermit Thrush N Spring: March 16–May 31, Summer: June 1–July 31, American Robin N Fall: August 1–November 30, Winter: December 1–March 15 Anchorage, Alaska Varied Thrush N W STARLINGS SPRING SUMMER FALL WINTER SPECIES SPECIES SPRING SUMMER FALL WINTER European Starling N CHECKLIST Ross's Goose Vaux's Swift PIPITS Emperor Goose W Anna's Hummingbird The Anchorage area offers a surprising American Pipit N Cinnamon Teal Costa's Hummingbird Tufted Duck Red-breasted Sapsucker WAXWINGS diversity of habitat from tidal mudflats along Steller's Eider W Yellow-bellied Sapsucker Bohemian Waxwing N Common Eider W Willow Flycatcher the coast to alpine habitat in the Chugach BUNTINGS Ruddy Duck Least Flycatcher John Schoen Lapland Longspur Pied-billed Grebe Hammond's Flycatcher Mountains bordering the city. Fork-tailed Storm-Petrel Eastern Kingbird BOHEMIAN WAXWING Snow Bunting N Leach's Storm-Petrel Western Kingbird WARBLERS Pelagic Cormorant Brown Shrike Red-faced Cormorant W Cassin's Vireo Northern Waterthrush N For more information on Alaska bird festivals Orange-crowned Warbler N Great Egret Warbling Vireo Swainson's Hawk Red-eyed Vireo and birding maps for Anchorage, Fairbanks, Yellow Warbler N American Coot Purple Martin and Kodiak, contact Audubon Alaska at Blackpoll Warbler N W Sora Pacific Wren www.AudubonAlaska.org or 907-276-7034.
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The Relationships of the Silky Flycatchers
THE RELATIONSHIPS OF THE SILKY FLYCATCHERS CI-IARLES G. SIBLE¾ THE silky flycatchersinclude the generaPtilogonys, Phainopepla, and Phainoptila,which are usuallytreated either as a family, Ptilogonatidae (e.g. Wetmore 1960), or as a subfamily of the waxwing family Bomby- cillidae (e.g. Greenway1960). Someauthors have includedthe Palm Chat (Dulus dominicus)of Hispaniola and the Grey Hypocolius (Hypocolius ampelinus) of Iraq and Iran in the Bombycillidae (Arvey 1951, Mayr and Amadon1951). Othershave consideredsome of theseallocations to be tentative or unproved and have recognizedseparate families for some or all of these groups (e.g. Wetmore 1960, Greenway 1960). The silky flycatchersare confinedto North and Central America. The Phainopepla(Phainopepla nitens) occursin the arid and semiaridregions of the southwestern United States and in Mexico south to Puebla and Vera Cruz. The Gray Silky Flycatcher (Ptilogonyscinereus) is a montane speciesranging from northwesternand easternMexico to Guatemala. The Long-tailedSilky Flycatcher(P. caudatus)and the Black-and-yellowSilky Flycatcher (Phainoptilamelanoxantha) are eachendemic to the highlands of Costa Rica and western Panama. This paper reviews some of the taxonomichistory and charactersof the silky flycatchersand presentsnew evidencefrom studies of the egg- white proteins indicating that they are closely related to the genus Myadestes,the solitaires,of the thrushfamily Turdidae. The two species of the genusEntomodestes of northwesternSouth America may be part of this natural cluster,but their egg whites have not been available for comparison. TAXONOMIC H•STOR¾ or THE S•LK¾ FLYCATCHERS AND A•;L•ES Ptilogonyscinereus, the first of the group to be discovered,was described by Swainsonin 1824. Swainsonalso describedthe Phainopepla (1837), which he placed in Ptilogonys.
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Vertebrate Diversity Benefiting from Carrion Provided by Pumas And
Biological Conservation 215 (2017) 123–131 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Biological Conservation journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/biocon Short communication Vertebrate diversity benefiting from carrion provided by pumas and other subordinate, apex felids MARK L. Mark Elbroch⁎, Connor O'Malley, Michelle Peziol, Howard B. Quigley Panthera, 8 West 40th Street, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10018, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Carrion promotes biodiversity and ecosystem stability, and large carnivores provide this resource throughout the Biodiversity year. In particular, apex felids subordinate to other carnivores contribute more carrion to ecological commu- Carnivores nities than other predators. We measured vertebrate scavenger diversity at puma (Puma concolor) kills in the Food webs Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, and utilized a model-comparison approach to determine what variables influ- Scavenging enced scavenger diversity (Shannon's H) at carcasses. We documented the highest vertebrate scavenger diversity of any study to date (39 birds and mammals). Scavengers represented 10.9% of local birds and 28.3% of local mammals, emphasizing the diversity of food-web vectors supported by pumas, and the positive contributions of pumas and potentially other subordinate, apex felids to ecological stability. Scavenger diversity at carcasses was most influenced by the length of time the carcass was sampled, and the biological variables, temperature and prey weight. Nevertheless, diversity was relatively consistent across carcasses. We also identified six additional stalk- and-ambush carnivores weighing > 20 kg, that feed on prey larger than themselves, and are subordinate to other predators. Together with pumas, these seven felids may provide distinctive ecological functions through their disproportionate production of carrion and subsequent contributions to biodiversity.
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Gear for a Big Year
APPENDIX 1 GEAR FOR A BIG YEAR 40-liter REI Vagabond Tour 40 Two passports Travel Pack Wallet Tumi luggage tag Two notebooks Leica 10x42 Ultravid HD-Plus Two Sharpie pens binoculars Oakley sunglasses Leica 65 mm Televid spotting scope with tripod Fossil watch Leica V-Lux camera Asics GEL-Enduro 7 trail running shoes GoPro Hero3 video camera with selfie stick Four Mountain Hardwear Wicked Lite short-sleeved T-shirts 11” MacBook Air laptop Columbia Sportswear rain shell iPhone 6 (and iPhone 4) with an international phone plan Marmot down jacket iPod nano and headphones Two pairs of ExOfficio field pants SureFire Fury LED flashlight Three pairs of ExOfficio Give- with rechargeable batteries N-Go boxer underwear Green laser pointer Two long-sleeved ExOfficio BugsAway insect-repelling Yalumi LED headlamp shirts with sun protection Sea to Summit silk sleeping bag Two pairs of SmartWool socks liner Two pairs of cotton Balega socks Set of adapter plugs for the world Birding Without Borders_F.indd 264 7/14/17 10:49 AM Gear for a Big Year • 265 Wildy Adventure anti-leech Antimalarial pills socks First-aid kit Two bandanas Assorted toiletries (comb, Plain black baseball cap lip balm, eye drops, toenail clippers, tweezers, toothbrush, REI Campware spoon toothpaste, floss, aspirin, Israeli water-purification tablets Imodium, sunscreen) Birding Without Borders_F.indd 265 7/14/17 10:49 AM APPENDIX 2 BIG YEAR SNAPSHOT New Unique per per % % Country Days Total New Unique Day Day New Unique Antarctica / Falklands 8 54 54 30 7 4 100% 56% Argentina 12 435
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An Initial Estimate of Avian Ark Kinds
Answers Research Journal 6 (2013):409–466. www.answersingenesis.org/arj/v6/avian-ark-kinds.pdf An Initial Estimate of Avian Ark Kinds Jean K. Lightner, Liberty University, 1971 University Blvd, Lynchburg, Virginia, 24515. Abstract Creationists recognize that animals were created according to their kinds, but there has been no comprehensive list of what those kinds are. As part of the Answers in Genesis Ark Encounter project, research was initiated in an attempt to more clearly identify and enumerate vertebrate kinds that were SUHVHQWRQWKH$UN,QWKLVSDSHUXVLQJPHWKRGVSUHYLRXVO\GHVFULEHGSXWDWLYHELUGNLQGVDUHLGHQWLÀHG 'XHWRWKHOLPLWHGLQIRUPDWLRQDYDLODEOHDQGWKHIDFWWKDWDYLDQWD[RQRPLFFODVVLÀFDWLRQVVKLIWWKLVVKRXOG be considered only a rough estimate. Keywords: Ark, kinds, created kinds, baraminology, birds Introduction As in mammals and amphibians, the state of avian $VSDUWRIWKH$UN(QFRXQWHUSURMHFW$QVZHUVLQ WD[RQRP\LVLQÁX['HVSLWHWKHLGHDORIQHDWO\QHVWHG Genesis initiated and funded research in an attempt hierarchies in taxonomy, it seems groups of birds to more clearly identify and enumerate the vertebrate are repeatedly “changing nests.” This is partially NLQGVWKDWZHUHSUHVHQWRQWKH$UN,QDQLQLWLDOSDSHU because where an animal is placed depends on which WKH FRQFHSW RI ELEOLFDO NLQGV ZDV GLVFXVVHG DQG D characteristics one chooses to consider. While many strategy to identify them was outlined (Lightner et al. had thought that molecular data would resolve these 6RPHRIWKHNH\SRLQWVDUHQRWHGEHORZ issues, in some cases it has exacerbated them. For this There is tremendous variety seen today in animal HVWLPDWHRIWKHDYLDQ$UNNLQGVWKHWD[RQRPLFVFKHPH OLIHDVFUHDWXUHVKDYHPXOWLSOLHGDQGÀOOHGWKHHDUWK presented online by the International Ornithologists’ since the Flood (Genesis 8:17). In order to identify 8QLRQ ,28 ZDVXVHG *LOODQG'RQVNHUD which modern species are related, being descendants 2012b and 2013). This list includes information on RI D VLQJOH NLQG LQWHUVSHFLÀF K\EULG GDWD LV XWLOL]HG extant and some recently extinct species.
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Alcohol Accumulation from Ingested Berries and Alcohol Metabolism in Passerine Birds
Alcohol accumulation from ingested berries and alcohol metabolism in passerine birds Kalervo Eriksson & Helena Nummi Eriksson, K. & Nummi, H. 1982 : Alcohol accumulation from ingested berries and alcohol metabolism in passerine birds. - Ornis Fennica 60 :2-9 . Experiments were conducted to determine whether under natural conditions fer- mentation takes place in various berries (rowan berries Sorbus aucuparia, haw- thorn haws Crataegus monogyna, rose hips Rosa rugosa) and whether harmful concentrations of alcohol from the berries accumulate in Waxwings Bombycilla garrulus and Bullfinches Pyrrhula pyrrhula . In addition, the alcohol metabolism of Waxwings, Starlings Sturnus vulgaris and Greenfinches Chloris Chloris was examined . The ethanol concentrations in rowan berries and rose hips increased signifi- cantly as a result of fermentation . The highest concentrations were 2.4 g/kg for rowan berries in February and 3.2 g/kg for rose hips in January . The levels of alcohol in Waxwings and Bullfinches consuming rowan berries in protected environments were higher in the winter than in the autumn, but the levels were never high enough to influence behaviour . Waxwings, which are adapted to eating berries, metabolized a test dose of 1 g/kg ethyl alcohol . at a rapid rate, 900 mg/kg/h ; Starlings, which consume a mixed diet, had a slower rate of alcohol metabolism, 270 mg/kg/h ; and Green- finches, which have a seed diet, had a very slow rate, only 130 mg/kg/h . The alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzymes differed in these species, both in activity and in isoenzyme composition . The ADH activities of Starlings and Greenfinches are so low (0.75 and 1 .68 mpmol/min/mg pr .) that they probably restrict alcohol metabolism.
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