How and Why Silicon Sensors Are Becoming More and More Intelligent?
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Autumn Department of Physics Newsletter Issue
Autumn 2018, Number 13 Department of Physics Newsletter BEECROFT BUILDING OFFICIAL OPENING BEAUTIFUL HIGGS BOSON DECAYS MAGNETIC PINWHEELS EXTREME BEAM CONTROL COSMIC SHOCKS IN THE LABORATORY PEOPLE, EVENTS AND MORE www.physics.ox.ac.uk PROUD WINNERS OF: SCIENCE NEWS SCIENCE NEWS www.physics.ox.ac.uk/research www.physics.ox.ac.uk/research BEAUTIFUL HIGGS BOSON EXTREME BEAM CONTROL An Oxford team has succeeded in stabilising the arrival time of a ‘relativistic’ beam of electrons, travelling at almost the speed of light, to 50 femtoseconds. This overcomes one of the major challenges facing the proposed DECAYS Compact Linear Collider (CLIC). On 28 August 2018 the ATLAS and Higgs from the background. These Standard Model, the prevailing theory CMS collaborations announced, with results were used in the final Tevatron of particle physics. If this prediction had a seminar at CERN, the observation of combination, which reached almost turned out to be incorrect, it would have the Higgs boson decaying into pairs of three standard deviations in 2012, not shaken the foundations of the Standard beauty (b) quarks. Both experiments enough for a discovery. Model and pointed to new physics. at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Instead, this is an important milestone had surpassed the five standard and a beautiful confirmation of the EXPERIMENTAL CONFIRMATION deviations (sigma) mark for this process, so-called 'Yukawa couplings', which in Prof Daniela Bortoletto which is the convention in particle Goethe said: ‘Not art and science the Standard Model give masses to all Head of Particle Physics physics to claim a discovery. Five- serve alone; patience must in the quarks and leptons, the building blocks sigma corresponds to a probability of work be shown.’ It was with patience, of matter. -
Full TIPP 2011 Program Book
Second International Conference on Technology and Instrumentation in Particle Physics June 9-14, 2011 Program & Abstracts Sheraton Chicago Hotel and Towers, Chicago IL ii TIPP 2011 — June 9-14, 2011 Table of Contents Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................................... v Session Conveners ...................................................................................................................................vii Session Chairs .......................................................................................................................................... ix Agenda ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 Abstracts .................................................................................................................................................. 35 Poster Abstracts ..................................................................................................................................... 197 Abstract Index ........................................................................................................................................ 231 Poster Index ........................................................................................................................................... 247 Author List ............................................................................................................................................. -
Advanced Multi-Variate Analysis Methods for New Physics Searches at the Large Hadron Collider
Advanced Multi-Variate Analysis Methods for New Physics Searches at the Large Hadron Collider Anna Stakiaa, Tommaso Dorigob, Giovanni Banellic, Daniela Bortolettod, Alessandro Casae, Pablo de Castrob,p, Christophe Delaeref, Julien Doninig, Livio Finosh, Michele Gallinaroi, Andrea Giammancof, Alexander Heldj, Fabricio Jim´enezMoralesk, Grzegorz Kotkowskil, Seng Pei Liewc, Fabio Maltonif, Giovanna Menardil, Ioanna Papavergoum, Alessia Saggion, Bruno Scarpao, Giles C. Strongb,p, Cecilia Tosciriq, Jo~aoVarelai, Pietro Vischiaf, Andreas Weilerc aInstitute of Nuclear and Particle Physics, National Centre for Scientific Research `Demokritos', Athens, Greece bIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, Italy cPhysics Department, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany dDepartment of Physics, University of Oxford, UK eSchool of Mathematics and Statistics, University College Dublin, Ireland fCentre for Cosmology, Particle Physics and Phenomenology (CP3), Universit´ecatholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium gLaboratoire de Physique de Clermont, Universit´eClermont Auvergne, IN2P3/CNRS, Clermont-Ferrand, France hDepartment of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Italy iLaborat´oriode Instrumenta¸c~aoe F´ısica Experimental de Part´ıculas,LIP Lisbon, Portugal jNew York University, USA kLaboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, CNRS, Ecole´ polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France. lDepartment of Statistical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy mNational and Kapodistrian University -
The Oxford Particle Physics Program
The Oxford Particle Physics Program D. Bortoletto 30.11.2016 Graduate Opportunities 1 Oxford is addressing the science drivers of particle physics Higgs as a new tool for Identify the new discovery physics of dark matter The physics of Explore the unknown: new particles and new interactions Understanding cosmic Neutrino mass acceleration 2 Outline • Particle Physics Groups @ Oxford addresses these drivers through: – ATLAS Experiment – LHCb Experiment – Neutrino Experiments – Dark Matter Searches – Many detector based projects – For full list, look here: http://www2.physics.ox.ac.uk/study- here/postgraduates/particle-physics/thesis-topics 3 The Standard Model • 1964 SM Theory • 1984 LHC Design • 1996 Start LHC construction • 2009: first collisions 2013 4 Why look beyond the Standard Model? § Experimental Evidence § Non-baryonic dark matter (~23%) § Inferred from gravitational effects § Rotational speed of galaxies § Orbital velocities of galaxies in clusters § Gravitational lensing § ….. § Dark Energy (~73%) § Accelerated Expansion of the Universe § Neutrinos have mass and mix § Baryon asymmetry § ….. 5 Why look beyond the Standard Model? § Experimental Evidence § Non-baryonic dark matter (~23%) § Inferred from gravitational effects § Rotational speed of galaxies § Orbital velocities of galaxies in clusters § Gravitational lensing § ….. § Dark Energy (~73%) § Accelerated Expansion of the Universe § Neutrinos have mass and mix § Baryon asymmetry § ….. 6 Why look beyond the Standard Model? § Aesthetic/Theoretical Reasons § Hierarchy problem -
P5 Membership
Professor Daniela Bortoletto to help plan the future of elementary particle and astro-particle physics. Professor Daniela Bortoletto is one of 21 physicists appointed by the Department of Energy (DoE) to develop a roadmap for the next decade and beyond for the entire field of elementary particle and astro-particle physics in the United States, within the context of world wide developments in these fields. Particle physics seeks to answer fundamental questions about the formation, evolution and fate of the Universe. This endeavor is funded by the DoE and the National Science Foundation at 800 million dollars annually. Professor Bortoletto will serve on the Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5). The P5 roadmap includes a study of neutrinos the ghost-like particles produced in radioactive decays, the mysterious substance known as dark matter which binds our Universe and the even more mysterious dark energy which drives the Universe apart. P5 will consider opportunities for discovery at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN the European Laboratory for Particle Physics in Geneva, Switzerland, which begins operation in 2007, and the R&D needed to build the next generation accelerator, the International Linear Collider expected to start operation in about ten years. Major discoveries will be made the next two decades and it is critical that the U.S. maintains its preeminent position in this essential scientific field. P5 will make its recommendations to HEPAP the joint DoE NSF High Energy Physics Advisory Panel. The final recommendations will be submitted by HEPAP to the DoE and NSF. Professor Daniela Bortoletto Professor Bortoletto has been a faculty member at Purdue since 1992. -
Pixel Detectors
Pixel Detectors N. Wermes 1 Physikalisches Institut der Universitat¨ Bonn, Germany Abstract mance and radiation tolerance to particle fluences 15 ¡2 as high as 10 neq=cm . At present, these demands Pixel detectors for precise particle tracking in high are only met by so-called hybrid pixel detectors, for energy physics have been developed to a level of ma- which the particle sensing element, the sensor, and turity during the past decade. Three of the LHC de- the integrated electronics circuitry, the readout chip, tectors will use vertex detectors close to the inter- are separate entities. They are mated by a hybridiza- action point based on the hybrid pixel technology tion technique, known as bump and flip-chip tech- which can be considered the ‘state of the art‘ in this nology. All of the LHC-collider-detectors ALICE field of instrumentation. A development period of al- [1,2], ATLAS [3,4], and CMS [5,6], LHCb (for the most 10 years has resulted in pixel detector modules RICH system) [7] at the LHC, and the CERN fixed which can stand the extreme rate and timing require- target experiment NA60 [8], employ the hybrid pixel ments as well as the very harsh radiation environment technique to build large scale (up to »2m2) pixel de- at the LHC without severe compromises in perfor- tectors. Pixel area sizes are typically 50 £ 400 ¹m2 mance. From these developments a number of differ- as for ATLAS or 100 £ 150 ¹m2 as for CMS. The ent applications have spun off, most notably for bio- detectors are arranged in cylindrical barrels of 2 to 3 medical imaging. -
Boosting Higgs Pair Production in the $ B\Bar {B} B\Bar {B} $ Final State With
OUTP-15-14P Boosting Higgs Pair Production in the b¯bb¯b Final State with Multivariate Techniques J. Katharina Behr, Daniela Bortoletto, James A. Frost, Nathan P. Hartland, Cigdem Issever and Juan Rojo Physics Department, 1 Keble Road, University of Oxford, United Kingdom Abstract The measurement of Higgs pair production will be a cornerstone of the LHC program in the coming years. Double Higgs production provides a crucial window upon the mechanism of electroweak symmetry breaking and has a unique sensitivity to the Higgs trilinear coupling. We study the feasibility of a measurement of Higgs pair production in the b¯bb¯b final state at the LHC. Our analysis is based on a combination of traditional cut-based methods with state-of-the-art multivariate techniques. We account for all relevant backgrounds, including the contributions from light and charm jet mis-identification, which are ultimately comparable in size to the irreducible 4b QCD background. We demonstrate the robustness of our analysis strategy in a −1 highp pileup environment. For an integrated luminosity of L = 3 ab , a signal significance of S= B ' 3 is obtained, indicating that the b¯bb¯b final state alone could allow for the observation of double Higgs production at the High Luminosity LHC. arXiv:1512.08928v3 [hep-ph] 20 Jun 2016 1 1 Introduction The measurement of double Higgs production will be one of the central physics goals of the LHC program in its recently started high-energy phase, as well as for its future high-luminosity upgrade (HL-LHC) which aims to accumulate a total integrated luminosity of 3 ab−1 [1,2]. -
Physics Interactions 2008
PURDUE UNIVERSITY A NEWSLETTER HIGHLIGHTING THE DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS AT PURDUE UNIVERSITY 2008 Inside The LHC 3 New Faculty Revolution 4 Faculty Honors A new era in particle physics 6 Physics News 10 Student Awards 11 Alumni News Photo by Maximilien Brice, © CERN View of the CMS (Compact Muon Solenoid) experiment Tracker Outer Barrel (TOB). This is one of two general-purpose LHC experiments designed to explore the physics of the Terascale, the energy region where physicists believe they will find answers to the central questions at the heart of 21st-century particle physics. (page 8) Q, s Fromfrom the HeadHead s you read this new issue of Physics Interactions, you’ll see that much has happened in the Department over the past year. The AUniversity and College of Science have both adopted new stra- tegic plans during the past few months, and we are now finalizing a new Department strategic plan. In constructing our plan, we have engaged the entire department to set priorities and goals, and decide on strategies. An important part of this process was the external review of the Department, which was conducted in April of this year. At that time, a committee of physicists from outside the University spent two days meeting with faculty, students, and staff. While the review committee had much good advice, they also strongly endorsed our plans for the future. It is thus appropriate that this issue of Physics Interactions is focused squarely on the future. One key to the future is the recruitment of new faculty, and we are very pleased to report that four new faculty members are joining our Department this year (see page 3). -
Diploma Thesis
IEKP-KA/2012-15 A High-Rate Beam Test for the CMS Pixel Detector Phase I Upgrade Simon Spannagel Diplomarbeit Fakultät für Physik Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik (IEKP) Referent: Prof. Dr. Ulrich Husemann Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Guido Drexlin Karlsruhe, 2. November 2012 KIT – Universität des Landes Baden-Württemberg und nationales Forschungszentrum der Helmholtz-Gesellschaft www.kit.edu Deutsche Zusammenfassung In den n¨achsten Jahren wird die Kollisionsenergie sowie die instantane Luminosit¨at des Large Hadron Colliders (LHC) [EB08] stetig erh¨oht, um mehr Teilchenkollisionen in den einzelnen Experimenten erzeugen zu k¨onnen. Besonders die h¨ohere Energie ver¨andert die Wirkungsquerschnitte verschiedener Reaktionen, z.B. der Higgs-Produktion. Dies erm¨oglicht den Experimenten, genauere Messungen von Eigenschaften der produzierten Teilchen durchzufuhren.¨ Nach der Konsolidierung des Beschleunigers im sogenannten Long Shutdown 1 (LS1) wird der LHC die doppelte Design-Luminosit¨at von bis zu L = 2 × 1034 cm−2s−1 bei einer Schwerpunktsenergie von 13 TeV liefern [Zim09]. Die h¨ohere Luminosit¨at zieht jedoch auch mehr gleichzeitig eintretende Teilchenkollisionen (Pileup) nach sich, die von den Experimenten separiert werden mussen.¨ Momentan muss der Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) Detektor [C+08] bei einer instantanen Luminosit¨at von L = 7:5 × 1033 cm−2s−1 die einzelnen Teilchenspuren von ungef¨ahr 35 simultanen Kollisionen trennen; bei doppelter Design-Luminosit¨at sowie h¨oherer Schwerpunktsenergie und gr¨oßeren Wirkungsquerschnitten wird diese Zahl jedoch auf ca. 100 Pileups ansteigen [CMS12]. Um diesen st¨andig steigenden Anforderungen gerecht zu werden, mussen¨ Teile des CMS-Detektors verbessert oder sogar erneuert werden. Beispielsweise wird der Pixeldetektor im sogenannten Phase I Upgrade Ende 2016 vollst¨andig ersetzt. -
Minutes of the High Energy Physics Advisory Panel Meeting July 6-7, 2006 Latham Hotel, Washington, D.C
Minutes of the High Energy Physics Advisory Panel Meeting July 6-7, 2006 Latham Hotel, Washington, D.C. HEPAP members present: Jonathan A. Bagger, Vice Chair William R. Molzon Charles Baltay Koichiro Nishikawa (Thursday only) Daniela Bortoletto Angela V. Olinto James E. Brau Satoshi Ozaki Robert N. Cahn Saul Perlmutter William Carithers Steve M. Ritz Alex J. Dragt Nicholas P. Samios JoAnne L. Hewett Melvyn J. Shochet, Chair Peter D. Meyers Guy Wormser HEPAP members absent: Joseph D. Lykken Tor Raubenheimer Also participating: Barry Barish, Director, Global Design Effort, International Linear Collider Gene Beier, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania Aesook Byon-Wagner, Office of High Energy Physics, Office of Science, Department of Energy Sally Dawson, Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory Joseph Dehmer, Director, Division of Physics, National Science Foundation (Friday only) Robert Diebold, Diebold Consulting Jonathan Dorfan, Director, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Gerald Dugan, Americas Regional Director, Global Design Effort, International Linear Collider Tom Ferble, Office of High Energy Physics, Office of Science, Department of Energy Paul Grannis, Office of High Energy Physics, Office of Science, Department of Energy John Kogut, HEPAP Executive Secretary, Office of High Energy Physics, Office of Science, Department of Energy Edward (Rocky) Kolb, Particle Physics Division, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Marsha Marsden, Office of High Energy Physics, Office of Science, Department of Energy Jay Marx, Executive Director, LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology June Matthews, Director, Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Hugh Montgomery, Associate Director for Research, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Piermaria Oddone, Director, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory 1 Frederick M. -
Winter Newsletter
College of Science E-news Winter 2013 Prof. Daniela Bortoletto’s Higgs boson memoirs The Physics professor was among many key researchers at CERN when a new particle was found. Prof. Borteletto enthralled students and community members at her first off-campus public appearance since the discovery. On July 4, physicists Since the talk was aimed at the general public, working at the Large Bortoletto gave a Physics 101 lesson before Hadron Collider at launching into the process and findings the scientists CERN in had that led up to the particle’s discovery. Switzerland, the world’s highest- Using slide and diagram projection, the audience energy proton dialed in to the Italian scientist’s words and collider, announced participated in a question and answer session. They the discovery of a came away with a better understanding of one of the new particle about 135 times heavier than a proton. top science stories of 2012. Is it really the Higgs Boson, a particle hypothesized over 40 years ago to explain the masses of all Prof. Bortoletto is the elementary particles in the universe? E. M. Purcell distinguished More than 60 science enthusiasts ranging from Professor of Physics teenagers to senior citizens crammed a conference at Purdue University. room in the West Lafayette Public Library on Dec. 5 Her research to hear from Prof. Daniela Bortoletto (pictured), who specialization is had an important role at the LHC’s CMS detector. Experimental Particle Physics, for which Excited and animated, Bortoletto described the she received a Sloan Fellowship, the NSF Career potential Higgs discovery was like being at “a rock Advancement Award, and the NSF Career award. -
Développement D'une Caméra À Rayons X Ultra-Rapide Utilisant Des Détecteurs À Pixels Hybrides
CPPM-T-2011-01 UNIVERSIT E´ DE LA M EDITERRAN´ EE´ AIX-MARSEILLE II FACULT E´ DES SCIENCES DE LUMINY 163, avenue de Luminy 13288 Marseille Cedex 09 TH ESE` DE DOCTORAT Sp´ecialit´e : Instrumentation pr´esent´ee par Arkadiusz DAWIEC en vue dobtenir le grade de docteur de l’Universit´ede la M´editerran´ee D´eveloppement d’une cam´era X couleur ultra-rapide `apixels hybrides tel-00631274, version 1 - 12 Oct 2011 Development of an ultra-fast X-ray camera using hybrid pixel detectors Soutenue le 4 mai 2011, devant le jury compos´ede : MrJean-Fran¸coisBERAR Rapporteur MrJean-ClaudeCLEMENS Examinateur Mr Bernard DINKESPILER Co-encadrant MrWojciechDULINSKI Examinateur MrRichardJACOBSSON Rapporteur Mr Eric KAJFASZ Examinateur MrChristianMOREL Directeurdeth`ese tel-00631274, version 1 - 12 Oct 2011 Acknowledgements I would like to express my gratitude to many people who have helped me and made this thesis possible. First and foremost I want to thank my thesis supervisor, Professor Christian Morel, leader of the imXgam group, for his motivation, patience and support during my research and thesis-writing times. I would like to thank my thesis committee: Jean-Fran¸cois B´erar, Jean-Claude Cl´emens, Bernard Dinkespiler, Wojciech Dulinski, Richard Jacobsson and Eric Kajfasz, for their insightful comments and questions. My endless gratitude goes to my co-supervisor Bernard Dinkespiler, who was a great mentor, source of knowledge and new ideas. My sincere thanks also goes to Jean-Claude Cl´emens, who was always open for a fruitful discussion and willing to share his knowledge. It was a real privilege to work with them.