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009567 BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDRO AND POWER AUTHORITY 8-vre,~] r-'i Ie l( C.A '.? e /'--:--'T .If,j\ W C"'\ ?) DOLOMITIZATION IN THE MARBLE RANGE LIMESTONES NEAR THE HAT CREEK PROJECT PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF POSSIBLE SITES FOR A SOURCE OF MAGNESIUM LIMESTONE GENERATION PLANNING DEPARTMENT SYSTEM ENGINEERING DIVISION Report No. SE 8117 September 1981 DOLOMITIZATION IN THE MARBLE RANGE LIMESTONES NEAR THE HAT CREEK PROJECT PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF POSSIBLE SITES FOR A SOURCE OF MAGNESIUM LIMESTONE CONTENTS Section Subject 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 - 1 2.0 GENERAL GEOLOGY OF THE MARBLE RANGE 2 - 1 2.1 General Geology 2 - 1 2.2 Metasomatic Dolomitization 2 - 2 3.0 SUMMARY OF KNOWN DOLOMITE OCCURRENCES AND ROCK DESCRIPTIONS OF THE GEOLOGICAL UNITS IN WHICH THEY OCCUR 3.1 Introduction 3 - 1 3.2 Mount Soues 3 - 1 3.3 Clinton Fire Lookout 3 - 3 3.4 Fifty-Two Creek Anticline 3 - 3 3.5 West Siqe of Study Area 3 - 4 3.6 North of Two-Mile Creek 3 - 4 3.7 Western Belt 3 - 4 4.0 INFERRED SITES OF DOLOMITIZATION 4.1 Introduction 4 - 1 4.2 Locations of Possible Dolomitization in the Marble Range, Clear Range, Trachyte Hills and Cornwall Hills 4 - 1 5.0 CONCLUSION 5 - 1 6.0 RECOMMENDATIONS 6 - 1 7.0 SUBSEQUENT WORK 7 - 1 REFERENCES SE 8117 - i - ? ') CONTENTS - (Cont'd) APPENDICES Appendix No. A Stratigraphy B Summary of Structure and Stratigraphy C Dolomitization Processes ADDENDUM LIMESTONE AND DOLOMITE SAMPLING NEAR HAT CREEK AND SA}~LES FROM DOMTAR INC., TEXADA ISLAND, B.C. SE 8117 - ; i - SECTION 1.0 INTRODUCTION This investigation of carbonates (limestone and dolomite) at and near Hat Creek was conducted as a result of a possible requirement for carbonate to scrub gases in a coal-fired pressurized fluidized bed demonstration plant at Hat Creek. Geo 1ogi ca1 mappi ng of the Marb 1e Range 1imestones north of Hat Creek has not been extensive in that only one detailed study has been under­ 1 taken. The study area is 60 km north of Hat Creek - rather remote from the site - but the geology of the study.area is probably similar to that of the Marble Range closer to Hat Creek. Using the geology of the northern study area as a guide, possible sites for the occurrence of dolomite near Hat Creek have been identified. SE 8117 1 - 1 SECTION 2.0 GENERAL GEOLOGY OF THE MARBLE RANGE 2.1 GENERAL GEOLOGY The Marble Canyon Formation (Fig. 2-1, 2-2), part of the Cache Creek Group, is a northwest trending belt approximately 10 km wide and 90 km long. It is Permian in age and consists mainly of ridge forming, variably bedded limestones, with some poorly exposed chert, pelite, and volcanic rocks. Dolostone beds are rather rare, but nevertheless exist in the western part of the northern study area. In addi tion, some limestone beds contain small amounts of dolomite. The Marb 1e Range has undergone cons i derab1e deformation whi ch makes interpretation of the stratigraphy very difficult. Similarly the geological environment of deposition is difficult to interpret. A shelf margin may have existed parallel to the present northwest tren­ ding attitude of the formation. This shelf could have had an effect on early dolomitization of the limestone near the shelf perimeter, and the restricted shelf tidal flats (Appendix C). The Marble Canyon Formation consists of six rock units (Appendix A) numbered from one to six. Map-unit 1, which underlies all other units, probably predates the other units (Fig. B-1). Map-units 2 and 4 are mainly limestone with minor chert, marble, and dolostone in unit 2. Units 2 and 4 could be lithofacies equivalents; unit 2 may have "been deposited on the shel f between the deep sea detrital sediment (unit 6) to the west and the thick bedded limestone (unit 4) to the east. The .occur~ence of dolostone in map-unit 2 may be associated with marginal shelf deposition of the unit, and evaporation of water, with the resulting concentration of brine on top of the shelf (Fig. B-1, C-l, C-2, C-3). SE 8117 2 - 1 ~ - .., (I J• " 1 i '" \ \ "- "'~..:" ... M\ A R B l E SYMBOLS eo-.~~0' AIIfA 0' IlnA/lI0 "V~INO ..... .' -~-... __.1'DI't _111lfi...cO,DYf",.-rOI K_.1'DI't _ ••In_TlO OO~I_""'(' K_.1'DI't __rlll" 11I'1_'1010.' _ a """"" K_.1'DI't __.IOlCU...O'..."'I(.l' KDOING,_ """_.,,no"''10 OO~I_...It....", 1t1(~' SlAn cu.",," llOlCUOIIO' , '.UlT , 1f_IT'... .- ~ . ANT1CU"( 1 ....1CU..( (0'1/(,"",""(01 ST"CUN( STNCUNE(O'I/(RNR..ro, f ".0' STRATIGRAPHIC seCTION ISHOltT, LONGtR, "'c!T'oG........u"oc ne'lONl FOSSIL LOCALITY -~ /- POTENTIAL SITE FOR DOLOSTONE OR DOLOMITIC L1lo1tSf()H( " , ' / " ~/ I ")' I. ... ': 3' LEGEND QUATERNARY VNCONSQUDATEO SEOIMENTS r-cr-rUNOERLYiNG BEDROCK IS INDICATED BY THE ~APPROPRIATE SYMBOL TERTIARY .. MIOCEI'lE VESICUlAR BASALT, OUVIN.E BASALT, BASALT, ANDESITE EOCEI'lE AI'lO/OR MIOCEI'lE ~KAML,QQPS GROUP BASALT, ANDESITE, RHmLlTE; ASSOCIATED TUFF AND BRECCIA; LAHAR!(), L::.:.:::;.:;:;~ INCLUDES VOlCANIC ROCKS THAT UNDERLIE THE KAMLOQPS SEDiMENTARY ROCKS ~ SANDSTONE,ClAYSTONE ,SILTSTONE, CONGLOMERATE AND COAl.(INCLUDES COLOWATER BEDS PUIS HAT CRE£K COAL AND MEDICINE CREEK FORMATiONS} VNOIFFEREI'lIIAIEP YOLCAI'l'CLASTICS . r:::;-:lDETRITAL ROCKS CONSISTING OF MiXED VOLCANiC SANDSTONE, SiLTSTONE, t..::.:..:..:.: AND CONGLOMERATE . CRETACEOUS " ~SPEI'lCES BRIDGE GROUP ~ ANDESITE ,DAClTE,BASALT AND RHYOUTE; TUFF, BRECCIA,.GGlOMERATE; !::! CONGlOMERATE, SANOSTONE,GREYWACKE AND ARKOSE 1:3 ~CRETACEOUS OR JURASSIC 5l GRANODiORITE AND OUAqrZ DIORITE W ~.. 0_.,. ::E TRIASSIC OR PERMIAN PAY'UOI'l GROUP ~ '.1, r fT£d ARG.'llITE ,PHYllfTE,CHERT, LIME STONE,TUFF, GREYWACKE. GREENSTONE ... ~--, ".' ANO SCHIST ". ",.' ,f PERMIAN OR CARBONIFEROUS -', ", ~CACHE CREEK GROUp GREENSTONE,CHERT,ARGlLUTE,GREENSCHIST,QUARTlfTE AND UIoIESTONE "I:' • ~ \, ,., l WESTERN BELT ~ CARBONIFEROUS(?), PERMIAN AND (?lTRIASSIC CACHE CREEK (jROU~ F;'6··.P:.jCHERT,PEUTE,UMEST E,VOLCANIC ROCKS; 6V:VOLCANIC ROCKS, -0 .... ,.....,..,'.. 6Cb.liIolESTONE 0 -l PERMIAN rrJ CENTRAL BELT Z MARBLE CANYQN FORMATION -l r:r::r:::nliMESTONE'ICONTAINS UNITS i·6 WHICH HAVE NOT BEEN MAPPED IN DETAIL, i> Iz::6=f:d WHERE THE GEOLOGY OF THE LIMESTONES HAS BEEN MAPPED IN DETAIL, r THE DETAILED UNITS ARE iNDICATED r UPPER PERMIAN (GUADALUPIAN) Z ~ MARBLE CANYON FORMATION G) rrJ rrJ ~ liTHIC ARENITE ,CHERT,PEliTE ,CARBONATE ROCKS( PROBABLY EOUIVALENT Of' 1> Ul rrJ MAP UNIT 3 REPEATED BY THRUST FAULTING); 50': LITHIC ARENfTE; SCb 0 CD ~4 CARBONATE ROCKS; Sch: CHERT,PELITE ;u d ~ 5 f> ~ MASSIVE LIMESTONE (PROBABLY FACiES EOUIV.LENT OF MAP UNfT 2, SUPER. :r Z G) 'MPOSEO ON 3 BY THRUST FAULT) 1>(TI~n ~ :r ~ UTHIC ARENITE AND SILTSTONE, VOLCANIC ROCKS,CARBDNATE ROCKS,CHERT, -l1>Z1> -< PELITE; Scb: CARBONATE ROCKS ~~j~';~ 0 ZClr ~.2. WEll'BEDDEO UMESTONE WITH STRINGERS OF CHERT,MINOR ....RBLE, CUo .2 ... ;u ~DOLOSTONE g 0 ~ ..,. B-=~~~Qi 0 Ul:Sai~S~.~ gj ·0 1> UPPER AND/OR LOWER PERMIAN (GUADALUPIAN AND/OR LEONARDIAN) B-g flll ai~"iij -0 CACHE CREEK GROVP " 0 ~ ~~:~ r ~, BASALT, CHERT,PELITE ,CARBONATE ROCKS;, cb: CARBONATE ROCKS; Ich: CHERT, c:.-: 0 ~PELITE; '.:VOLCANIC ROCKS; MINOR UMESTONE,CHERT ~lni (ll";.8 ~ :!: !I'lFERREP GEOlOGY '" i!!"' !!! 1Il'~~.sc:£ a:; ~~'§~ ::B..2 :!I :::j MARBLE CANYON FORMATION '" rrJ E ~WEll BEDDED liMESTONE WITH STRINGERS OFCHERT,MINOR MARBLE,DOLOSTONE i!! " ~THIS UNIT INFERRED FROM NORTHERN DETAILED GEOLOGICAL MAPPING • 1> N 1l ;u POSSIBLE OOUOMITIZATION ON LIME STONE /INTRUSIVE CONTACT '1 rrJ llIIIIID l;) o o If the dolostone is a depositional feature, then map-unit 2 is a probable source of dolostone nearer the Hat Creek Project, if the unit extends that far south. Map-units 3 and 5 are also thought to be lithofacies equivalents. The two units are very similar, consisting mainly of lithic arenite and siltstone, ·carbonate rocks, chert, and pelite. Unit 3 also has volcanic rocks which are not found in unit 5. For map-units 2 and 4, and map-uni ts 3 and 5 to be 1i thofacies equi va 1ents, there must be a low angle thrust fault between units 3 and 4 (Appendix B). If this is the case, map units 4 and 5 constitute a thrust sheet that overlies and repeats map units 2 and 3.. Map-unit 6 comprises the western belt, and is Carboniferous (?), Permian (?) and Triassic in age. It consists of chert, pelite, lime­ stone, and volcanic rocks. Unit 6 was probably deposited at the same time as units 2 and 3. Locally, dolomite comprises a few percent of the rock and occurs as rhombohedra that are very fine to finely crysta­ lline in size. The rock is brecciated and traversed by stylolites. The preponderance of interstratified radioloarian chert and pelite in thi s unit suggest a deeper water envi ronment. If so, the 1imestones must be submarine slide deposits, but this has not been established. 1 The description given by H. P. Trettin suggests that unit 6 forms the western edge of the map-unit 2 maginal shelf deposits. The existence of do 1omi te in the uni t 6 sedimerits 1ends support to the theory that evaporative reflux (Appendix B, C) has occurred in a unit 2 shelf margin setting above and adjacent to map-unit 6. 2.2 METASOMATIC DOLOMITIZATION In the northern study area, volcanic rocks which underlie the limestone units are thought to predate them. Further south, nearer the Hat Creek Project, basalt and diorite intrusions occur in the limestone strata. These intrusions postdate the limestones; the basaltic unit is Eocene SE 8117 2 - 2 and (?) Oligocene in age and part of the Skull Hill Formation. It consists of dacite, trachyte, basalt, andesite, rhyolite, and associa­ ted breccias.
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