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Echinoderm Holdfasts from the Carnic Alps, Austria Geologica Acta: an International Earth Science Journal, Vol

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Echinoderm Holdfasts from the Carnic Alps, Austria Geologica Acta: an International Earth Science Journal, Vol Geologica Acta: an international earth science journal ISSN: 1695-6133 [email protected] Universitat de Barcelona España FERRETTI, A.; AUSICH, W.I.; CORRADINI, C.; CORRIGA, M.G.; Schönlaub, H.P. Stars in the Silurian sky: Echinoderm holdfasts from the Carnic Alps, Austria Geologica Acta: an international earth science journal, vol. 14, núm. 4, diciembre, 2016, pp. 335-347 Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, España Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=50548851001 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Geologica Acta, Vol.14, Nº 4, December 2016, 335-347 DOI: 10.1344/GeologicaActa2016.14.4.1 A. Ferretti, W.I. Ausich, C. Corradini, M.G. Corriga, H.P. Schönlaub, 2016 CC BY-SA Stars in the Silurian sky: Echinoderm holdfasts from the Carnic Alps, Austria A. FERRETTI1 W.I. AUSICH2 C. CORRADINI3 M.G. CORRIGA3 H.P. SCHÖNLAUB4 1Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia via Campi 103, I-41125 Modena, Italy. Ferretti E-mail: [email protected] 2Division of Earth History, School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University 125 S. Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. Ausich E-mail: [email protected] 3Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Cagliari via Trentino 51, I-09127 Cagliari, Italy. Corradini E-mail: [email protected] Corriga E-mail: [email protected] 4Austrian Academy of Sciences, Commission for Geosciences Dr. Ignaz Seipel-Platz 2, 1010 Vienna, Austria. Schönlaub E-mail: [email protected] ABS TRACT A small collection of echinoderm holdfasts from the Ludlow Cardiola Formation of the Carnic Alps (Austria) contains a wide range of morphologies as a response of environmental adaptation. In general, the holdfasts have a globous and massive dome-like profile with several processes arranged in a sub-radial disposition, so to create a sort of ‘star-like’ outline. A small central depression is common but not present on all specimens. The distinctive holdfasts are preserved in an iron-rich phase, documenting a substitution that has also affected other non-echinoderm calcareous material. KEYWORDS Pelmatozoans. Holdfast. Functional morphology. Palaeoecology. Iron. Silurian. Cardiola Formation. INTRODUCTION bedding surfaces. Bivalves, associated with brachiopods, corals, gastropods, trilobites, acritarchs and chitinozoans The Silurian deposits of the peri-Gondwana area are famous are present as well. Echinoderm remains are abundant, for their well-preserved fossils and the peculiar associations of but complete specimens are extremely rare and poorly black bituminous limestones, rich in cephalopod shells and documented. Their skeletal remains may more commonly black graptolitic shales. The presence of suitable conditions occur in such masses as to be rock-forming, like in the Late for the co-occurrence of graptolites and conodonts, primary Ordovician, middle Silurian and in the Lower and Middle biostratigraphical markers for the period, has enabled a precise Devonian. age assignment of most of the exposed sections. Unluckily, owing to the complex sedimentological and tectonic evolution In an attempt to document and correlate time-specific of the area, many successions are incomplete and significant facies (sensu Brett et al., 2012; Ferretti et al., 2012a) across parts of the Silurian may be missing. the Iapetus Ocean during the Silurian, our attention has focused on Silurian calcareous occurrences in the Carnic Cephalopods are the most abundant elements in Alps, exposed south of the Mount Rauchkofel in Austria. the fauna with conchs commonly oriented parallel to The locality is already known in the literature for its rich 335 A. Ferretti e t a l . Silurian echinodermal holdfasts from the Carnic Alps palaeontological content, including recently documented Hermagor laminated structures such as the ferruginous coatings Pso di M. Croce Wolayer Carnico Koderhohe around skeletal fragments (mostly trilobites and some Lake (Plockenpass) 2228 AU ST RI A 2780 cephalopods and echinoderms) and stromatolitic features M. Coglians 2198 along discontinuity surfaces that are interpreted as evidences (Hohe Warte) Timau Cuestalta Passo di Pramollo (Hoher Trieb) (Nassfeld) Osternig 0 5km of Silurian microbial activity (Ferretti, 2005; Ferretti et M. Zermula 2228 2143 1941 al., 2012b). In order to improve the biostratigraphical Paluzza M. Cocco resolution based on conodonts (Schönlaub, 1980), samples A Paularo of limestone were collected and etched in dilute formic I IT AL Y Pontebba Ugovizza acid. A small association of echinoderm holdfasts was recovered in the acid residue. Pelmatozoan holdfasts have relatively rarely been studied on their own (see among others Franzén, 1977; Brett, 1981; Donovan et al., 2007; Plotnick et al., 2016). Despite the fact that holdfasts are commonly preserved dissociated from their column and calyx, holdfast morphology provides important information on the palaeoecology of pelmatozoan echinoderms and on conditions at the sediment-water interface (e.g. Seilacher and MacClintock, 2005; Zamora et al., 2010; Thomka and Brett, 2015). The purpose of the present paper is to describe, illustrate and assess the significance of this fauna. GEOLOGICAL SETTING The Carnic Alps, located across the Italian-Austrian border (Fig. 1), expose one of the most complete Palaeozoic successions in the world, ranging in age from the Middle Ordovician to the Late Permian. During the FIGURE 1. Location map of the Rauchkofel Boden Section. early Palaeozoic, the Carnic Alps were part of the group of terrains (Galatian terranes; von Raumer and Stampfli, 2008) that detached from the northern Gondwana margin in the Ordovician and moved northward faster than the started at the base of the Llandovery, and, due to the main continent, from about 50ºS in the Late Ordovician to disconformity separating Ordovician and Silurian strata, 35ºS in the Silurian and to the tropical belt in the Devonian an unknown thickness of sedimentary rocks is locally (Schönlaub, 1992). This is reflected in clear differences in missing, which corresponds to several conodont zones of litho- and biofacies along the Carnic Alps. Llandovery to Ludlow age (Schönlaub and Histon, 1999; Brett et al., 2009; Corradini et al., 2015a). Rocks from the Middle Ordovician to the lower Pennsylvanian that were affected by the Variscan orogeny Three calcareous units are present in the proximal during the late Bashkirian and Moscovian (Venturini, 1990; parts of the basin: the Kok Formation (Telychian-lower Schönlaub and Forke, 2007) constitute the so-called Pre- Ludfordian), the Cardiola Formation (Ludfordian), and the Variscan sequence. The lithostratigraphy of this sequence Alticola Formation (upper Ludfordian-basal Lochkovian). was significantly revised recently, and 36 formations are These units correspond mostly to the ‘Orthoceras now formally discriminated in the Pre-Variscan sequence limestones’ of earlier authors and are represented by of the Carnic Alps (Corradini and Suttner, 2015). For a bioclastic wackestones-packstones. Nautiloid cephalopods recent description of the geology of the Carnic Alps, refer are abundant. Trilobites, bivalves and conodonts to Corradini et al. (2015c, 2016). are common; crinoids, gastropods and, more rarely, ostracods, brachiopods and chitinozoans are present as Silurian deposits are irregularly distributed within the well (Corradini et al., 2003, 2010, 2015a; Ferretti, 2005; Carnic Chain and range from shallow water bioclastic Brett et al., 2009; Histon, 2012a, b). The black graptolitic limestones to nautiloid-bearing limestones, interbedded shales with interbedded cherts and clay-rich alum shales shales and limestones, to deep-shelf or basinal black of the Bischofalm Formation were deposited in the deeper graptolitic shales and cherts (‘lydites’). The overall part of the basin. Intermediate sedimentary conditions thickness does not exceed 60m. The Silurian transgression between calcareous and shaley facies are represented by Geologica Acta, 14(4), 335-347 (2016) 336 DOI: 10.1344/GeologicaActa2016.14.4.1 A. Ferretti DOI: 10.1344/GeologicaActa2016.14.4.1 Geologica Acta,14(4), 335-347(2016) Section. The asterisk indicates the level from which the studied material was collected. Gor.: Gorstian; H.: Homerian; S.: Sheinwoodian; W.: Wenlock. W.: Sheinwoodian; S.: Homerian; H.: Gorstian; Gor.: collected. was material studied the which from level the indicates asterisk The Section. FIGURE 2. ORDOVICIAN SIL URI AN DEVONI AN U p p e r W. L u d l o w P r i d o li L o w e r Chronostratigraphy, lithostratigraphy, stratigraphical lithostratigraphy, Chronostratigraphy, log (modified after Schönlaub, 1980) and selected views of the Rauchkofel Boden e t a l . Katian/?Hirnantian S.H. r.Go Ludfordian Lochkovian Pragian Wolayer Fm. Kok Fm. Cardiola Fm. Alticola Fm. Rauchkofel Fm. La Valute Fm. Findenig Fm. 2 m * Alticola Findenig encrinitic cephalopod Cardiola Fm. La Valute alute Fm. Fm. limestone limestone Rauchkofel Fm. Wo Silurian echinodermalholdfastsfromtheCarnicAlps layer Fm. Fm. limestone marly Kok limestone Alticola Fm. Fm. nodular black limestone shale limestone Fm. Kok lenses and 337 A. Ferretti e t a l . Silurian echinodermal holdfasts from the Carnic Alps the Nölbling Formation, comprised of alternating black The Cardiola Formation
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