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Genome Skimming Provides Well Resolved Plastid and Nuclear
Australian Systematic Botany, 2019, 32, 243–254 ©CSIRO 2019 https://doi.org/10.1071/SB18057 Supplementary material Genome skimming provides well resolved plastid and nuclear phylogenies, showing patterns of deep reticulate evolution in the tropical carnivorous plant genus Nepenthes (Caryophyllales) Lars NauheimerA,B,C,G, Lujing CuiD,E, Charles ClarkeA, Darren M. CraynA,B,C,D, Greg BourkeF and Katharina NargarA,B,C,D AAustralian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University, PO Box 6811, Cairns, Qld 4878, Australia. BCentre for Tropical Environmental Sustainability Science, James Cook University, McGregor Road, Smithfield, Qld 4878, Australia. CCentre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, James Cook University, McGregor Road, Smithfield, Qld 4878, Australia. DNational Research Collections Australia, Commonwealth Industrial and Scientific Research Organisation (CSIRO), GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. ESchool of Computer Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia. FBlue Mountains Botanic Garden, Bells Line of Road, Mount Tomah, NSW 2758, Australia. GCorresponding author. Email: [email protected] Page 1 of 6 Australian Systematic Botany ©CSIRO 2019 https://doi.org/10.1071/SB18057 Table S1. List of accessions used for phylogenetic analyses with sectional association, voucher number, geographic origin and DNA number All herbarium vouchers are located in the Australian Tropical Herbarium in Cairns (CNS) Species Section Voucher Origin DNA number Nepenthes ampullaria Jack Urceolatae Clarke, C. & Bourke, G. 2 Borneo, Malaysia G07903 Nepenthes benstonei C.Clarke Pyrophytae Clarke, C. & Bourke, G. 38 Malay Peninsula, Malaysia G07897 Nepenthes bokorensis Mey × Nepenthes ventricosa Blanco Pyrophytae × Insignes Clarke, C. & Bourke, G. 54 Horticulatural G07899 Nepenthes bongso Korth. Montanae Clarke, C. -
Body Condition Assessment – As a Welfare and Management Assessment Tool for Radiated Tortoises (Astrochelys Radiata)
Body condition assessment – as a welfare and management assessment tool for radiated tortoises (Astrochelys radiata) Hullbedömning - som ett verktyg för utvärdering av välfärd och skötsel av strålsköldpadda (Astrochelys radiata) Linn Lagerström Independent project • 15 hp Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU Department of Animal Environment and Health Programme/Education Uppsala 2020 2 Body condition assessment – as a welfare and management tool for radiated tortoises (Astrochelys radiata) Hullbedömning - som ett verktyg för utvärdering av välfärd och skötsel av strålsköldpadda (Astrochelys radiata) Linn Lagerström Supervisor: Lisa Lundin, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Environment and Health Examiner: Maria Andersson, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Environment and Health Credits: 15 hp Level: First cycle, G2E Course title: Independent project Course code: EX0894 Programme/education: Course coordinating dept: Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment Place of publication: Uppsala Year of publication: 2020 Cover picture: Linn Lagerström Keywords: Tortoise, turtle, radiated tortoise, Astrochelys radiata, Geochelone radiata, body condition indices, body condition score, morphometrics Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences Department of Animal Environment and Health 3 Publishing and archiving Approved students’ theses at SLU are published electronically. As a student, you have the copyright to your own work and need to approve the electronic publishing. If you check the box for YES, the full text (pdf file) and metadata will be visible and searchable online. If you check the box for NO, only the metadata and the abstract will be visiable and searchable online. Nevertheless, when the document is uploaded it will still be archived as a digital file. -
English and French Cop17 Inf
Original language: English and French CoP17 Inf. 36 (English and French only / Únicamente en inglés y francés / Seulement en anglais et français) CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA ____________________ Seventeenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties Johannesburg (South Africa), 24 September – 5 October 2016 JOINT STATEMENT REGARDING MADAGASCAR’S PLOUGHSHARE / ANGONOKA TORTOISE 1. This document has been submitted by the United States of America at the request of the Wildlife Conservation Society, Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, Turtle Survival Alliance, and The Turtle Conservancy, in relation to agenda item 73 on Tortoises and freshwater turtles (Testudines spp.)*. 2. This species is restricted to a limited range in northwestern Madagascar. It has been included in CITES Appendix I since 1975 and has been categorized as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species since 2008. There has been a significant increase in the level of illegal collection and trafficking of this species to supply the high end pet trade over the last 5 years. 3. Attached please find the joint statement regarding Madagascar’s Ploughshare/Angonoka Tortoise, which is considered directly relevant to Document CoP17 Doc. 73 on tortoises and freshwater turtles. * The geographical designations employed in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the CITES Secretariat (or the United Nations Environment Programme) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The responsibility for the contents of the document rests exclusively with its author. -
(Equatorial Spitting Cobra) Venom a P
The Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases ISSN 1678-9199 | 2011 | volume 17 | issue 4 | pages 451-459 Biochemical and toxinological characterization of Naja sumatrana ER P (Equatorial spitting cobra) venom A P Yap MKK (1), Tan NH (1), Fung SY (1) RIGINAL O (1) Department of Molecular Medicine, Center for Natural Products and Drug Research (CENAR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Abstract: The lethal and enzymatic activities of venom from Naja sumatrana (Equatorial spitting cobra) were determined and compared to venoms from three other Southeast Asian cobras (Naja sputatrix, Naja siamensis and Naja kaouthia). All four venoms exhibited the common characteristic enzymatic activities of Asiatic cobra venoms: low protease, phosphodiesterase, alkaline phosphomonoesterase and L-amino acid oxidase activities, moderately high acetylcholinesterase and hyaluronidase activities and high phospholipase A2. Fractionation of N. sumatrana venom by Resource® S cation exchange chromatography (GE Healthcare, USA) yielded nine major protein peaks, with all except the acidic protein peak being lethal to mice. Most of the protein peaks exhibit enzymatic activities, and L-amino acid oxidase, alkaline phosphomonoesterase, acetylcholinesterase, 5’-nucleotidase and hyaluronidase exist in multiple forms. Comparison of the Resource® S chromatograms of the four cobra venoms clearly indicates that the protein composition of N. sumatrana venom is distinct from venoms of the other two spitting cobras, N. sputatrix (Javan spitting cobra) and N. siamensis (Indochinese spitting cobra). The results support the revised systematics of the Asiatic cobra based on multivariate analysis of morphological characters. The three spitting cobra venoms exhibit two common features: the presence of basic, potentially pharmacologically active phospholipases A2 and a high content of polypeptide cardiotoxin, suggesting that the pathophysiological actions of the three spitting cobra venoms may be similar. -
Manual for the Differentiation of Captive-Produced and Wild-Caught Turtles and Tortoises (Testudines)
Image: Peter Paul van Dijk Image:Henrik Bringsøe Image: Henrik Bringsøe Image: Andrei Daniel Mihalca Image: Beate Pfau MANUAL F O R T H E DIFFERENTIATION OF CAPTIVE-PRODUCED AND WILD-CAUGHT TURTLES AND TORTOISES (TESTUDINES) PREPARED BY SPECIES360 UNDER CONTRACT FOR THE CITES SECRETARIAT Manual for the differentiation of captive-produced and wild-caught turtles and tortoises (Testudines) This document was prepared by Species360 under contract for the CITES Secretariat. Principal Investigators: Prof. Dalia A. Conde, Ph.D. and Johanna Staerk, Ph.D., Species360 Conservation Science Alliance, https://www.species360.orG Authors: Johanna Staerk1,2, A. Rita da Silva1,2, Lionel Jouvet 1,2, Peter Paul van Dijk3,4,5, Beate Pfau5, Ioanna Alexiadou1,2 and Dalia A. Conde 1,2 Affiliations: 1 Species360 Conservation Science Alliance, www.species360.orG,2 Center on Population Dynamics (CPop), Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark, 3 The Turtle Conservancy, www.turtleconservancy.orG , 4 Global Wildlife Conservation, globalwildlife.orG , 5 IUCN SSC Tortoise & Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group, www.iucn-tftsG.org. 6 Deutsche Gesellschaft für HerpetoloGie und Terrarienkunde (DGHT) Images (title page): First row, left: Mixed species shipment (imaGe taken by Peter Paul van Dijk) First row, riGht: Wild Testudo marginata from Greece with damaGe of the plastron (imaGe taken by Henrik BrinGsøe) Second row, left: Wild Testudo marginata from Greece with minor damaGe of the carapace (imaGe taken by Henrik BrinGsøe) Second row, middle: Ticks on tortoise shell (Amblyomma sp. in Geochelone pardalis) (imaGe taken by Andrei Daniel Mihalca) Second row, riGht: Testudo graeca with doG bite marks (imaGe taken by Beate Pfau) Acknowledgements: The development of this manual would not have been possible without the help, support and guidance of many people. -
The Conservation Biology of Tortoises
The Conservation Biology of Tortoises Edited by Ian R. Swingland and Michael W. Klemens IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group and The Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology Occasional Papers of the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) No. 5 IUCN—The World Conservation Union IUCN Species Survival Commission Role of the SSC 3. To cooperate with the World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC) The Species Survival Commission (SSC) is IUCN's primary source of the in developing and evaluating a data base on the status of and trade in wild scientific and technical information required for the maintenance of biological flora and fauna, and to provide policy guidance to WCMC. diversity through the conservation of endangered and vulnerable species of 4. To provide advice, information, and expertise to the Secretariat of the fauna and flora, whilst recommending and promoting measures for their con- Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna servation, and for the management of other species of conservation concern. and Flora (CITES) and other international agreements affecting conser- Its objective is to mobilize action to prevent the extinction of species, sub- vation of species or biological diversity. species, and discrete populations of fauna and flora, thereby not only maintain- 5. To carry out specific tasks on behalf of the Union, including: ing biological diversity but improving the status of endangered and vulnerable species. • coordination of a programme of activities for the conservation of biological diversity within the framework of the IUCN Conserva- tion Programme. Objectives of the SSC • promotion of the maintenance of biological diversity by monitor- 1. -
SC73 Doc. 24.1
Original language: English SC73 Doc. 24.1 CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA ___________________ Seventy-third meeting of the Standing Committee Online, 5-7 May 2021 Species specific matters Tortoises and freshwater turtles (Testudines spp.) REPORT OF THE SECRETARIAT 1. This document has been prepared by the Secretariat. 2. At its 18th meeting (CoP18, Geneva, 2019), the Conference of the Parties adopted inter alia Decisions 18.286 and 18.287 on Tortoises and freshwater turtles (Testudines spp.), as follows: 18.286 Directed to Madagascar Madagascar should: a) review its implementation of Resolution Conf. 11.9 (Rev. CoP18) on Conservation of and trade in tortoises and freshwater turtles; and b) report to the 73rd meeting of the Standing Committee on its implementation of Resolution Conf. 11.9 (Rev. CoP18), including in its report, information on any seizures, arrests, prosecutions and convictions secured as a result of activities implemented to address illegal trade in tortoises from Madagascar. 18.287 Directed to the Standing Committee The Standing Committee shall review the report from Madagascar in accordance with Decision 18.286, and any recommendations from the Secretariat, and consider if any further measures need to be implemented by Madagascar to address illegal trade in tortoises as it affects the Party. 3. Pursuant to Decision 18.286, Madagascar submitted a report on its implementation of Resolution Conf. 11.9 (Rev. CoP18) on Conservation of and trade in tortoises and freshwater turtles to the Secretariat on 30 June 2020. The report, available as document SC73 Doc. 24.2, includes as an Annex the Regional strategy to combat trafficking in radiated tortoises (Astrochelys radiata) in the Atsimo-Andrefana region of Madagascar (Stratégie régionale de lutte contre le trafic de tortues radiées « Astrochelys radiata » dans la région Atismo Andrefana – in French only). -
Branding Ploughshare Tortoises
N E W S Critically Endangered Ploughshare Tortoises: the smugglers, a Malagasy woman, was imprisoned, while the shells branded to reduce demand RWKHUD7KDLPDQZDVUHOHDVHGRQEDLO 6KHSKHUG These cases exemplify the urgent need for enforcement agencies to take the illegal trade in this species seriously. he Ploughshare Tortoise Astrochelys yniphora Reduced demand for the species in the international pet is highly threatened by persistent demand in trade and increased effective enforcement measures are the black market pet trade. As a result, its essential to end the decline of this species. numbers in the wild have been drastically The Turtle Conservancy, whose mission includes reduced to approximately 400 adult maintaining colonies of threatened and endangered specimens. Assessed as being Critically Endangered in T tortoises and freshwater turtles, aims to engrave Red List of Threatened Species the IUCN , these tortoises LGHQWL¿FDWLRQ PDUNV RQ DOO 3ORXJKVKDUH 7RUWRLVHV LQ are stolen by poachers who sell them to unscrupulous captive-breeding programmes and those remaining in traders, mainly in South-east Asia. WKHZLOG2Q-DQXDU\WKH7XUWOH&RQVHUYDQF\¶V The Ploughshare Tortoise is endemic to the Baly Behler Chelonian Center in Ventura County, USA, Bay area in north-western Madagascar (Leuteritz and branded the shells of two Ploughshare Tortoises that 3HGURQR ZKHUHLWLVWRWDOO\SURWHFWHGE\ODZ7KH KDGEHHQÀRZQLQIURP7DLZDQZKHUHWKH\ZHUHVHL]HG species is also listed in Appendix I of the Convention on LQ $QRQ 6RPH %XUPHVH 6WDUUHG International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna Tortoises Geochelone platynota &,7(6 $SSHQGL[ , DQG)ORUD &,7(6 PDNLQJDQ\LQWHUQDWLRQDOFRPPHUFLDO were similarly marked with the help of the Conservancy trade illegal. Yet demand from some countries, in LQ2FWREHU $QRQ particular Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand, combined with low levels of effective enforcement, continue to References push this striking species towards extinction (Shepherd DQG1LMPDQ6WHQJHOet al $QRQ Los Angeles Times, 14 January. -
Nepenthes Argentii Philippines, N. Aristo
BLUMEA 42 (1997) 1-106 A skeletal revision of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) Matthew Jebb & Martin Chee k Summary A skeletal world revision of the genus is presented to accompany a family account forFlora Malesi- ana. 82 species are recognised, of which 74 occur in the Malesiana region. Six species are described is raised from and five restored from as new, one species infraspecific status, species are synonymy. Many names are typified for the first time. Three widespread, or locally abundant hybrids are also included. Full descriptions are given for new (6) or recircumscribed (7) species, and emended descrip- Critical for all the Little tions of species are given where necessary (9). notes are given species. known and excluded species are discussed. An index to all published species names and an index of exsiccatae is given. Introduction Macfarlane A world revision of Nepenthes was last undertaken by (1908), and a re- Malesiana the gional revision forthe Flora area (excluding Philippines) was completed of this is to a skeletal revision, cover- by Danser (1928). The purpose paper provide issues which would be in the ing relating to Nepenthes taxonomy inappropriate text of Flora Malesiana.For the majority of species, only the original citation and that in Danser (1928) and laterpublications is given, since Danser's (1928) work provides a thorough and accurate reference to all earlier literature. 74 species are recognised in the region, and three naturally occurring hybrids are also covered for the Flora account. The hybrids N. x hookeriana Lindl. and N. x tri- chocarpa Miq. are found in Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo, although rare within populations, their widespread distribution necessitates their inclusion in the and other and with the of Flora. -
Quantitative Characterization of the Hemorrhagic, Necrotic, Coagulation
Hindawi Journal of Toxicology Volume 2018, Article ID 6940798, 8 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6940798 Research Article Quantitative Characterization of the Hemorrhagic, Necrotic, Coagulation-Altering Properties and Edema-Forming Effects of Zebra Snake (Naja nigricincta nigricincta)Venom Erick Kandiwa,1 Borden Mushonga,1 Alaster Samkange ,1 and Ezequiel Fabiano2 1 School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Neudamm Campus, University of Namibia, P. Bag 13301, Pioneers Park, Windhoek, Namibia 2Department of Wildlife Management and Ecotourism, Katima Mulilo Campus, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Namibia, P. Bag 1096, Ngweze, Katima Mulilo, Namibia Correspondence should be addressed to Alaster Samkange; [email protected] Received 30 May 2018; Revised 5 October 2018; Accepted 10 October 2018; Published 24 October 2018 Academic Editor: Anthony DeCaprio Copyright © 2018 Erick Kandiwa et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Tis study was designed to investigate the cytotoxicity and haemotoxicity of the Western barred (zebra) spitting cobra (Naja nigricincta nigricincta) venom to help explain atypical and inconsistent reports on syndromes by Namibian physicians treating victims of human ophidian accidents. Freeze-dried venom milked from adult zebra snakes was dissolved in phosphate bufered saline (PBS) for use in this study. Haemorrhagic and necrotic activity of venom were studied in New Zealand albino rabbits. Oedema-forming activity was investigated in 10-day-old Cobb500 broiler chicks. Procoagulant and thrombolytic activity was investigated in adult Kalahari red goat blood in vitro. -
Subgenus: Naja, Afronaja, Boulengerina and Uraeus)
Toxins 2019, 11, 116; doi: 10.3390/toxins11020116 www.mdpi.com/journal/toxins S1 of S2 Supplementary Materials: Distribution of Secretory Phospholipases A2 in the Venoms of Afro-Asian Cobras (Subgenus: Naja, Afronaja, Boulengerina and Uraeus) Choo Hock Tan, Kin Ying Wong, Nget Hong Tan, Tzu Shan Ng and Kae Yi Tan Figure 1. Time-dependent pH changes in acidimetric assay for the venoms of four subgenera of cobra. (A) Naja, (B) Afronaja, (C) Boulengerina, and (D) Uraeus. Hydrolysis of phospholipids by phospholipase A2 released fatty acids that reduced the suspension pH time-dependently. Toxins 2019, 11, 116; doi: 10.3390/toxins11020116 www.mdpi.com/journal/toxins S2 of S2 Figure S2. Time-dependent absorbance changes in colorimetric assay for the venoms of four subgenera of cobra. (A) Naja, (B) Afronaja, (C) Boulengerina, and (D) Uraeus. Changes in absorbance were due to the hydrolysis of the synthetic chromogenic substrate (NOBA), corresponding to the enzymatic activity of phospholipases A2 in the venoms. Toxins 2019, 11, 116; doi: 10.3390/toxins11020116 www.mdpi.com/journal/toxins S3 of S2 Table S1. Relative abundances of snake venom phospholipase A2 of 12 cobra species (Genus: Naja). Relative Subgenus Cobra Source Abundance of Method of Protein Identification References of Naja Species PLA2 (%) Bottom up proteomic: RP-HPLC, in-gel digestion, MALDI TOF/TOF and nano-ESI-LCMS/MS Naja naja Latoxan (Pakistan) 14.24 [1] Abundance calculation: gel densitometry x peak area under curve of chromatographic fraction Bottom up proteomic: RP-HPLC, in-gel -
A Pan-Specific Antiserum Produced by a Novel Immunization Strategy
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN A pan-specifc antiserum produced by a novel immunization strategy shows a high spectrum of neutralization against neurotoxic snake venoms Kavi Ratanabanangkoon1,2 ✉ , Kae Yi Tan3, Kritsada Pruksaphon4, Chaiya Klinpayom5, José María Gutiérrez6, Naeem H. Quraishi7 & Choo Hock Tan8 ✉ Snakebite envenomation is a neglected tropical disease of high mortality and morbidity largely due to insufcient supply of efective and afordable antivenoms. Snake antivenoms are mostly efective against the venoms used in their production. It is thus crucial that efective and afordable antivenom(s) with wide para-specifcity, capable of neutralizing the venoms of a large number of snakes, be produced. Here we studied the pan-specifc antiserum prepared previously by a novel immunization strategy involving the exposure of horses to a ‘diverse toxin repertoire’ consisting of 12 neurotoxic Asian snake toxin fractions/ venoms from six species. This antiserum was previously shown to exhibit wide para-specifcity by neutralizing 11 homologous and 16 heterologous venoms from Asia and Africa. We now show that the antiserum can neutralize 9 out of 10 additional neurotoxic venoms. Altogether, 36 snake venoms belonging to 10 genera from 4 continents were neutralized by the antiserum. Toxin profles previously generated using proteomic techniques of these 36 venoms identifed α-neurotoxins, β-neurotoxins, and cytotoxins as predominant toxins presumably neutralized by the antiserum. The bases for the wide para-specifcity of the antiserum are discussed. These fndings indicate that it is feasible to generate antivenoms of wide para-specifcity against elapid neurotoxic venoms from diferent regions in the world and raises the possibility of a universal neurotoxic antivenom.