DOCSLIB.ORG

Manouria Emys

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Manouria Emys ϰफѮ䞢⫳ࡼỡ⠽䌌ᯧ⠽⾡䆚߿ James Compton/TSEA Chris Shepherd/TSEA WWF-Malaysia/Stephen Hogg TRAFFIC Southeast Asia REACH/Amran Chris Shepherd/TSEA Mark Auliya/TSEA Mark Auliya/TSEA Ocean Park Hong Kong Chris Shepherd/TSEA TRAFFIC Southeast Asia Chris Shepherd/TSEA Chris Shepherd/TSEA Chris Shepherd/TSEA Mark Auliya/TSEA Chris Shepherd/TSEA Chris Shepherd/TSEA WWF-Canon / Frédéric MONNOT Claire Beastall Chris Shepherd/TSEA Chris Shepherd/TSEA TRAFFIC Southeast Asia TRAFFIC Southeast Asia © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2012 TRAFFIC Southeast © 2012/1 䖭Ё᭛⠜ᰃ⬅᮹ᴀ⦃๗ⳕᦤկ ϔ ݙᆍ (ᴀゴᓩ㞾ljϰफѮ䞢⫳ࡼỡ⠽䌌ᯧ⠽⾡䆚߿NJ᠟ݠˈ䆹᠟ݠ⬅೑䰙䞢⫳⫳⠽䌌ᯧⷨお㒘㒛ϰफѮࡲ݀ᅸ(TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 - 2011ᑈࠊ԰ˈ݅ࣙ৿98Ͼ䞢⫳⫳⠽⠽⾡ˈЏ㽕⫼ᴹᐂࡽᠻ⊩ᅬਬᇍϰफѮഄऎᐌ㾕Ѣ䌌ᯧⱘ䞢⫳⫳⠽ঞ݊ࠊક䖯㸠䡈ᅮDŽ 䌘⑤ ⫳䖭ᴀ᠟ݠ᠔ᦤⱘ೑ݙֱᡸ㑻߿ᰃᣛЁढҎ⇥݅੠೑䞢 ▦ॅ䞢⫳ࡼỡ⠽⾡೑䰙䌌ᯧ݀㑺(CITES) ҹঞIUCN 㑶㡆ৡᔩ 1988ᑈ খ㗗Ѣ2012ᑈ3᳜DŽ ЁढҎ⇥݅੠೑▦ॅ⠽⾡䖯ߎষㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸ੠⾥ᄺྨਬӮ ࡼ⠽ֱᡸ⊩ CITES 䆌ৃᶹ偠ᣛफ ⌟䞣੠ᴃ䇁 䇋⊼ᛣˈ᳝ৃ㛑݊Ҫ᳝݇ⱘ⊩ᕟгᕫ㹿䗖⫼ˈ㗠䴲ᴀೳ — ᐌ㾕䍄⾕᠟↉ 䱣䑿།ᏺ ⠽⾡㹿߫Ў೑ᆊϔ៪Ѡ㑻ֱᡸࡼ⠽DŽ ᐌ㾕䍄⾕᠟↉—㸠ᴢ།ᏺ ᐌ㾕䍄⾕᠟↉—䋻⠽།ᏺ ݙ⾡⠽ڣᐌ㾕䍄⾕᠟↉—།ᴖ೼Ⳍ 㐕Ⅺݏᐌ㾕䍄⾕᠟↉—ݦ⿄೜ ẔᶹӾ䗴ǃব䗴䆌ৃ䆕 㒣ᐌߎ⦄Ӿ䗴ǃব䗴䆌ৃ䆕ⱘഎড় ૎чࡼ⠽ 右㒆 ॄᑺ䞢⠯&⟾છ䞢⠯ Bos gaurus & Bos javanicus (Gaur and Banteng) ᷫᷥ吁&㛌᭥ᷥ吁 Dendrocygna javanica & D. arcuata (Lesser Wandering Whistling Ducks) 僷㕮ሲ Capricornis (Serows) ໻⾓呇&ᇣ⾓呇 Leptoptilos (Adjutant Storks) 㮣㕮㕞᡿㙽 Pantholops hodgsonii (Tibetan Antelope - Shatoosh) ⡔右 Bucerotidformes (Hornbills) 䌯ࡴ㕮㕞 Saiga tatarica (Saiga Antelope) Copsychus malbaricus (White-rumped Shama) ໮ঝ呓㾦 Multi-tined Antlers ⱑ㝄吞吆 呱ሲ Moschus spp. (Musk Deer) 䲐ᔶⳂü⣯⾑ Falconiformes (Birds of Prey) (Cats) 咘ݴ吢Pycnonotus zeylanicus (Straw-headed Bulbul Felidae (1)(1)⾥⣿ ⣿⾥(2) ü㹿ܹ߫CITES 䰘ᔩϔⱘϰफѮ⣿⾥ 吽હGracula religiosa (Hill Mynah) Felidae (2) (Southeast Asian CITES I Cats) 吺ᔶⳂü吺吝 Psittaciformes (Parrots) ⣿⾥(3) ü䌌ᯧЁᐌ㾕ⱘ䚼ߚ੠㸡⫳⠽Felidae (3) Parts & Derivatives Commonly found in Trade) ޸༈吺吝ሲüⱑ޸༈吺吝 Cacatua (White Cockatoos) ϰफѮ∈⥁ Southeast Asian Otters Palm Cockatoo) 偀ᴹ❞ Helarctos malayanus (Sun Bear) ẩᷥ޸༈吺吝 Probosciger aterrimus ( Ѯ⌆咥❞ Ursus thibetanus (Asiatic Black Bear) ਌㳰吺吝ሲüॄሐ਌㳰吺吝 Eos (Indonesian Lories) (㓳ἄᄤ⣿&㓳♉⣿ Hemigalus derbyanus & Chrotogale owstoni (Banded Palm Civet & Owston’s Civet) 㪱ݴⷁሒ吺吝 Loriculus galgulus (Blue-crowned Hanging Parrot ᭥ᵫ⣌ ᴵ㒍ᵫ⣌ Prionodon pardicolor & Prionodon linsang (Spotted Linsang & Banded Linsang) ୟୟ਌㳰吺吝 Lorius garrulus (Chattering Lory) ❞⣌ Arctictis binturong (Binturong) 咥乊਌㳰吺吝 Lorius lory (Black-capped Lory) ⡔⠯ሲ Rhinocerotidae (Rhinoceros) 吂ᔶⳂü⣿༈呄 Strigiformes (Owls) こቅ⬆ Manis (Pangolin) ♉䭓Ⳃ Primates (Apes and Monkeys) ឦ⤈ሲ Nycticebus (Lorises) 亳㷍⤈ Macaca fascicularis (Long-tailed Macaque) Ѯ⌆䈵 䴲⌆䈵 Elephas maximus & Loxodonta africana (Elephant) 䖭ᴀЁ᭛⠜ⱘϰफѮ䞢⫳ࡼỡ⠽䌌ᯧ⠽⾡䆚߿ⱘࠊ԰ᰃϰѮঞϰफѮ䎼ᬓᑰ⫳⠽໮ḋᗻ䌘䆃ᮄᮍḜ(ESABII)ⱘ乍ⳂПϔˈᰃ䗮䖛᮹ᴀ⦃๗ⳕⱘᬃᣕ㗠ᅲ⦄ⱘDŽ ESABIIⱘⳂᷛᰃ䗮䖛⫳⠽໮ḋᗻֵᙃ㋏㒳ⱘথሩ੠ߚ㉏ⱘ㛑࡯ᓎ䆒ᴹࡽѢᅲᮑ⫳⠽໮ḋᗻ݀㑺(CBD)ⱘ៬⬹䅵ߦDŽ TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2012 TRAFFIC Southeast © ᛳ䇶ֱᡸ೑䰙෎䞥Ӯ(Conservation lnternational)㗏䆥ℸ䌘᭭ⱘᝋ᜼ᧈࡽDŽ © Ѡ ݙᆍ ⠀㸠㒆 ϸᷪ㒆 ᠔᳝劘ⳂüⲂᓴ Crocodylia (Crocodile Hides) ᅝ䗮ঢ়ᇨ⑒࿀㲭 Dyscophus antongilii Tomato Frog) ⷁਏ劘ሲ&߃䮼劘ሲ Alligators & Caiman (ᮄ޴ݙѮ劘&㧆ᕟᆒ劘 Crocodylus novaeguinea & C. mindorensis (Philippine & New Guinea Crocodiles ⑒劘&᲍㔫劘 Crocodylus porosus & C. siamensis (Estuarine & Siamese Crocodiles) 剐㒆 偀ᴹ䭓ਏ劘 Tomistoma schlegelii (False Gharial) ࠎሒ㳹ሲ Uromastyx (Spiny-tailed Lizards) Ѯ⌆啭剐 Scleropages formosus (Asian Arowana) ⅟䎒ຕ㰢ሲ Phelsuma (Day Geckos) ᳆㒍૛剐 Cheilinus undulatus (Humphead Wrasse) ໻ຕ㰢 Gekko gecko (Tokay Gecko) ⍋偀ሲ Hippocampus (Seahorses) Ꮌ㳹ሲ Varanus(Monitor Lizards) ⒥哴㲛 Ptyas mucosus(Oriental Rat Snake) ⴐ䬰㲛 Ophiophagus hannah, Naja (Cobras) 㶦 Pythonidae (Pythons) ᮴㛞Ợࡼ⠽ ⣾唏啳 Carettochelys insculpta (Pig-nosed Turtle) ⥯ศ啳 Chelus fimbriatus(Matamata Turtle) ⷫ⻆ሲ໻ⷫሲTridacnidae (Giant Clams) ⍋啳⾥&ễⲂ啳⾥ü⍋啳 Cheloniidae & Dermochelyidae(Marine Turtles) ⦇⨕ Eretmochelys imbricata (Hawksbill Turtle) ╂啳ሲ Batagur (River Terrapin and Painted Terrapin) 咥∴啳 Geoclemys hamiltonii (Black Pond Turtle) ỡ⠽ 䯁໇啳ሲüѮ⌆ㆅ啳ሲ Cuora (Asian Box Turtles) ⣾ㄐ㤝 Nepenthaceae (Pitcher Plants) 㢣ᢝ࿕㽓৊啳 Leucocephalon yuwonoi(Sulawesi Forest Turtle) (䡈ᅮ᠟ݠ1 ü CITES䰘ᔩϔ⠽⾡ Orchidaeceae (CITES Appendix I Orchids⾥݄ ᑇ㛌啳 Platysternon megacephalum(Big-headed Turtle) (䡈ᅮ᠟ݠ2 ü䞢⫳݄㢅䡈ᅮ Orchidaeceae (Identification of Wild Orchids⾥݄ 偀ᴹ㽓ѮᎼ啳 Orlitia borneensis (Malaysian Giant Turtle) ễ᷅᳼ሲ Gonystylus spp. Ramin) 䳋ቯ㉫乜啳 Siebenrockiella leytensis (Philippine Forest Turtle) 㑶㘇啳 Trachemys scripta elegans (Red-eared Slider) 䰚啳ሲ Testudinidae (Tortoises) ᇘ㒍啳 Astrochelys (Geochelone) radiata (Radiated Tortoise) ᅝહ⋯व䈵啳 Astrochelys yniphora (Ploughshare Tortoise) 㑶㝓䰚啳 Chelonoides (Geochelone) carbonaria(Red-footed Tortoise) ॄᑺ᯳啳 Geochelone elegans (Indian Star Tortoise) 㓙⬌᯳啳 Geochelone platynota(Burmese Star Tortoise) 䉍啳 Geochelone (Stigomochelys) pardalis(Leopard Tortoise) 䴲⌆Ⳓ㞖啳 Geochelone (Centrochelys) sulcata(African Spurred Tortoise) 㓙⬌䰚啳 Indotestudo elongata(Yellow-headed Tortoise) 㭘佐啳 Malacochersus tornieri (Pancake Tortoise) 䵈㛮䰚啳 Manouria emys(Asian Brown Tortoise) 呦味䰚啳 Manouria impressa (Impressed Tortoise) Ѯ⌆努 Amyda cartilaginea (Asiatic Softshell Turtle) ᇣ༈努ሲChitra(Narrow-headed Softshell Turtles) 哟ሲ Pelochelys (Giant Softshell Turtle) Ёढ努 Pelodiscus sinensis(Chinese Softshell Turtle) © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2012 TRAFFIC Southeast © ▦ॅ䞢⫳ࡼỡ⠽⾡೑䰙䌌ᯧ݀㑺(CITES) & IUCN 㑶㡆ৡᔩ CITES IUCN 㑶㡆ৡᔩ 䞢⫳ࡼỡ⠽⾡೑䰙䌌ᯧ݀㑺 (CITES) ᰃᬓᑰ䯈໮䖍⦃๗णᅮˈᮼ 40ᑈᴹˈ೑䰙㞾✊ֱᡸৠⲳ(IUCN)⠽⾡㓁ᄬྨਬӮ(SSC)㟈࡯Ѣ䆘Ԅॅ▦ 䖯֗ˈމ⢊೼⹂ֱ䞢⫳ࡼỡ⠽ᷛᴀ˄䞢⫳ࡼỡ⠽ঞ݊䚼ߚ੠㸡⫳⠽˅೑䰙䌌ᯧϡӮ ܼ⧗㣗ೈݙ⠽⾡ǃѮ⾡ǃব⾡೼ܼ⧗ሎᑺϞⱘ⫳ᄬϢֱᡸ ࿕㚕ࠄ⠽⾡ⱘ⫳ᄬDŽ ݀ӫᇍফ࿕㚕ⱘ⠽⾡ࡴᔎֱᡸDŽ CITES 㾘ᅮᶤѯ⠽⾡ⱘᷛᴀ೼೑䰙䌌ᯧЁ乏䙉ᅜᶤѯ䰤ࠊDŽCITES䰘 IUCN▦ॅ⠽⾡㑶㡆ৡᔩᦤկњᏆ䖯㸠䖛䆘Ԅⱘࡼ⠽੠ỡ⠽ⱘߚ㉏ऩ ᅮњ݊އޚǃֱᡸഄԡҹঞߚᏗֵᙃDŽ↣Ͼ⠽⾡㹿ᣛᅮⱘ㉏߿੠ᷛܗ ᔩ᠔߫ⱘ34 000 Ͼ⠽⾡ⱘ䖯ষˈߎষˈݡߎষҹঞҢ⍋Ϟᓩ䖯䛑䳔㽕 ᕫࠄ৘೑CITES ㅵ⧚ᴎᵘⱘ䆌ৃ䆕ᥜᴗDŽӏԩܹ߫CITESϝϾ䰘ᔩЁ ♁㒱ⱘⳌᇍ亢䰽DŽ ⱘࡼ⠽៪ỡ⠽ᷛᴀⱘ೑䰙䌌ᯧഛ䳔ձ✻CITES᠔⹂ᅮⱘᶤϔ⡍ᅮᷛޚˈ 㗠䗮䖛䆌ৃ䆕㋏㒳㹿ϹḐㅵ⧚DŽ Ϣ䙷ѯ㹿߫Ў䖥ॅ˄NT˅៪᮴ॅ˄LC˅ⱘ⠽⾡Ⳍ↨ˈᵕॅ˄CR˅ǃ ▦ॅ˄EN˅੠ᯧॅ˄VU˅⠽⾡䴶Јⴔ᳈催ⱘܼ⧗♁㒱亢䰽DŽ CITES 䰘ᔩϔ㒇ܹњ᠔᳝ফࠄ੠ৃ㛑ফࠄ䌌ᯧⱘᕅડ㗠᳝♁㒱ॅ䰽ⱘ DŽ ᳈໮ֵᙃৃⱏ䰚www.redlist.orgᶹ䆶DŽ⾡⠽ CITES䰘ᔩѠ㒇ܹњⳂࠡ㱑᳾▦Ј♁㒱Ԛབᇍ݊䌌ᯧϡϹࡴㅵ⧚ҹ䰆ℶ ϡ߽݊⫳ᄬⱘ߽⫼ህৃ㛑ব៤᳝♁㒱ॅ䰽ⱘ⠽⾡ˈҹঞЎњՓϞ䗄ᶤѯ CITES ੠IUCN㑶㡆ৡᔩП䯈ᑊ᮴ℷᓣⱘ݇㘨DŽ ⠽⾡ⱘ䌌ᯧ㛑ᕫࠄ᳝ᬜഄ᥻ࠊ㗠ᖙ乏ࡴҹㅵ⧚ⱘ݊Ҫ⠽⾡DŽ CITES䆹݀㑺އᅮњ݊᠔߫ߎⱘࡼ⠽੠ỡ⠽೼䖯㸠೑䰙䌌ᯧᯊ䳔㽕 䙉ᕾ⿟ᑣDŽ DŽމ⢊ᅮњࡼ⠽੠ỡ⠽೼⫳⠽ᄺϞⱘއ˖CITES䰘ᔩϝ㒇ܹњӏϔ㓨㑺೑䅸Ўሲ݊ㅵ䕪㣗ೈݙᑨ᚞䖯㸠ㅵ⧚ҹ䰆 IUCN 㑶㡆ৡᔩ ℶ៪䰤ࠊᓔথ߽⫼㗠䳔㽕݊Ҫ㓨㑺೑ড়԰᥻ࠊ䌌ᯧⱘ⠽⾡DŽ ᳈໮ֵᙃৃⱏ䰚www.cites.orgᶹ䆶DŽ © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 TRAFFIC Southeast © ѝॾӪ≁ޡ઼ഭ☂ড⢙⿽䘋ࠪਓ㇑⨶࣎ޜᇔ઼、ᆖငઈՊ ☂ড䟾⭏ࣘἽ⢙⿽ഭ䱵䍨᱃ޜ㓖 䙊䗷аᇊ〻ᓖൠ᧗ࡦᡰ䘹ᇊ⢙⿽ḷᵜⲴഭ䱵䍨᱃㘼䗮㠤ަⴞⲴDŽਇ ㇑ࡦ⢙⿽Ⲵᡰᴹ䘋ਓǃࠪ ਓǃ޽ࠪਓ઼⎧кᕅ䘋ᗵ享㓿ަ䇨ਟ䇱ࡦᓖⲴᢩ߶DŽޜ㓖㕄㓖ᯩᗵ享ᤷᇊањᡆཊњᵪᶴᶕ㇑⨶ަ䇨ਟ䇱ࡦᓖˈᒦᤷᇊањᡆཊњ、ᆖᵪᶴੁ 䍨᱃ሩ⢙⿽⣦ߥᖡ૽Ⲵ૘䈒઼ᔪ䇞DŽޣ㇑⨶ᵪᶴᨀ׋ᴹ 䘋ࠪਓ㇑⨶࣎ޜᇔ 、ᆖငઈՊ ѝॾӪ≁ޡ઼ഭ☂ড⢙⿽䘋ࠪਓ㇑⨶࣎ޜᇔ ѝॾӪ≁ޡ઼ഭ☂ড⢙⿽、ᆖငઈՊ ഭᇦ᷇ъተ ѝഭ、ᆖ䲒ࣘ⢙ᡰ ेӜ઼ᒣ䟼ь㺇 ਧ˄䛞㕆˖ ˅ ेӜᐲᵍ䱣४བྷኟ䐟˄䛞㕆˖ ˅ ⭥䈍 ⭥䈍 Րⵏ Րⵏ 䛞㇡ 䛞㇡ 㖁൰ ѝॾӪ≁ޡ઼ഭ☂ড⢙⿽䘋ࠪਓ㇑⨶࣎ޜᇔⲴѫ㾱࣎һ༴ ഭᇦ☂㇑࣎ेӜ࣎һ༴ ഭᇦ☂㇑࣎ᡀ䜭࣎һ༴ ഭᇦ☂㇑࣎⾿ᐎ࣎һ༴ ेӜᐲ᷇ъተ ഋᐍⴱ᷇ъ঵ ⾿ᐎᐲ啃ᾬ४⋫ኡ䐟 ਧ ेӜᐲेй⧟ѝ䐟 ਧ ഋᐍⴱᡀ䜭ᐲӪ≁े䐟а⇥ ਧ ⭥䈍˖ ⭥䈍 ⭥䈍 Րⵏ˖ Րⵏ Րⵏ ഭᇦ☂㇑࣎ᒯᐎ࣎һ༴ ഭᇦ☂㇑࣎к⎧࣎һ༴ ഭᇦ☂㇑࣎ཙ⍕࣎һ༴ ᒯьⴱᒯᐎᐲѝኡг䐟 ਧ к⎧ᐲ䰨े४≹ѝ䐟 ਧ≹ѝᒯ൪ ᇔ ཙ⍕ᐲ⋣㾯४ᒯь䐟ᗭᐎ䚃 ਧ 䛞㕆 䛞㕆 䛞㕆 ⭥䈍 ⭥䈍 ⭥䈍 Րⵏ Րⵏ Րⵏ ᣔ㖢؍❦ѝഭ俉⑟⢩࡛㹼᭯४⑄ߌ㠚 俉⑟ᐲҍ嗉䮯⋉⒮䚃 ˈ䮯⋉⒮᭯ᓌᙫ㖢 ᾬ 㖁ㄉ ࣎䇱૘䈒 ࣘ⢙ Ἵ⢙ Րⵏ 䛞㇡ ᢗ⌅Ѯᣕ Րⵏ 䛞㇡ ѝഭ◣䰘⢩࡛㹼᭯४ሩཆ䍨᱃㇑⨶䜘㓿⍾ተ ঊ༛㺇ਧഭ䱵䬦㹼བྷ৖ᾬ؍䰘㖇◣ ⭥䈍 Րⵏ 䛞㇡ CITES 䆌ৃᶹ偠ᣛफ ᖙ乏䱣ⴔ䋻⠽ⱘCITES䆌ৃ䆕 䰘ᔩϔ ߎষ䆌ৃ䆕៪ݡߎষ䆕ᯢкҹঞ䖯ষ䆌ৃ䆕 䰘ᔩѠ ߎষ䆌ৃ䆕៪ݡߎষ䆕ᯢк 䰘ᔩϝ ߎষ䆌ৃ䆕៪ॳѻഄ䆕ᯢк ᙄᔧⱘ䆌ৃ䆕 ϡᙄᔧⱘ䆌ৃ䆕 ᢦ㒱ܹ๗ 䆌ৃ䆕ᕅॄӊ៪Ӿ䗴ⱘ 䆌ৃ䆕ॳӊ ᢦ㒱ܹ๗ 䆌ৃ䆕 䆌ৃ䆕থߎৢ᳾㹿ׂᬍ 䆌ৃ䆕থߎৢ㹿ׂᬍ ᢦ㒱ܹ๗ 䆌ৃ䆕ᇮ᳾ࠄᳳ 䆌ৃ䆕Ꮖ㒣ࠄᳳ ᢦ㒱ܹ๗ 䆌ৃ䆕Ϟ᮴䫭䇃៪⭣ⓣ 䆌ৃ䆕Ϟ᳝䫭䇃៪⭣ⓣ ᢦ㒱ܹ๗ 䆌ৃ䆕⬅ℷᓣⱘCITES 䆌ৃ䆕ϡᰃ⬅ℷᓣⱘ ᢦ㒱ܹ๗ ᴗ࿕ᴎᵘㅒথ CITESᴗ࿕ᴎᵘㅒথ 䆌ৃ䆕Ϟॄ᳝᳝ᬜⱘ 䆌ৃ䆕Ϟ≵᳝CITESॄ ᢦ㒱ܹ๗ CITESॄゴ* ゴ*៪ॄゴ*᮴ᬜ 䋻⠽᭄䞣੠⠽⾡ϔ㟈 䋻⠽᭄䞣੠⠽⾡ϡϔ㟈 ᢦ㒱ܹ๗ * Adapted from Environment Canada া೼䗖⫼ᚙމϟ ᑊ䴲↣Ͼ೑ᆊ䛑Փ⫼CITESॄゴ ܕ䆌ܹ๗ ** Ẕᶹᶤ⠽⾡ⱘ䌌ᯧᰃ৺㹿݊Ҫ㾘ⶽ䰤ࠊ ⌟䞣੠ᴃ䇁 ⌟䞣 ༈੠ԧ䭓 㚠⬆䭓ᑺ ሒ䭓 Credit: CITES MA, Switzerland ᇘ㒍啳 Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA ᘏ䭓⌟䞣ⱘᰃ୭ᇪࠄሒ ᘏ䭓 ッⱘ䭓ᑺ ᇚ右㚠䚼ᳱϟ䕏䕏ᬒ㕂 㙽催 ᴹ䞣ᘏ䭓 CM Image Credit: Vincent Nijman ᴃ䇁 劲⬆ 㚠⬆ 㝍⬆ 㚠⬆ ೼劘剐៪啳໇Ϟⱘ㾦䋼៪ 㽚Ⲫ啳㚠ⱘ啳໇乊䚼DŽ 啳໇ⱘϟ䚼ˈ 偼䋼໪䚼⠛⢊⠽ ݊Ϟ䗮ᐌ㽚᳝劲⬆˄劲⠛˅ 㽚Ⲫ݊㚗䚼DŽ ៪ᶨ䕃ⱘⲂ㙸 劲⬆ 㝍⬆ Image Credit: Environment Canada © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 TRAFFIC Southeast © Credit: CITES MA, Switzerland June 2008 Bos gaurus (now B. frontalis) ˄ॄᑺ䞢⠯˅- Gaur & Bos javanicus ˄⟾છ䞢⠯˅- Banteng a ⢊⦃ᑺ䞢⠯ ⟾છ䞢⠯ ೑䰙ֱᡸॄ ߿ৡ˖ Seladang (偀ᴹ㽓Ѯ), Pyoung (㓙⬌) Tsaine (㓙⬌䇁) ॄᑺ䞢⠯˖CITES䰘ᔩϔ ߚᏗ˖ ᄳࡴᢝ೑˗ϡЍ˗᷀ඨᆼ˗ॄᑺ˗㗕ᣱ˗偀ᴹ㽓Ѯ˗ ᷀ඨᆼ˗ॄᑺሐ㽓Ѯ˗㗕ᣱ˗偀ᴹ㽓Ѯ˗㓙⬌˗ IUCN: ॄᑺ䞢⠯ᯧॅ˗⟾છ䞢⠯▦ॅ 㓙⬌˗ሐ⊞ᇨ˗⋄೑˗䍞फ ⋄೑˗䍞फ ˖೑ݙֱᡸ㑻߿ ⠽ ೑ᆊϔ㑻ֱᡸࡼ180 - 225cm˗ ॄᑺ䞢⠯120 - 190cm˗༈੠䑿ԧ䭓250 - 330cm˗ 㙽催165 - 220cm˗༈੠ԧ䭓ԧᔶ⡍ᕕ˖ 㙽催 ሒ䭓70 - 105cm˗ԧ䞡˖650 - 1 000kg ሒ䭓65 - 70cm˗ԧ䞡400 - 900kg ⟾છ䞢⠯ ϡ㹿߫ߎ 䡈ᅮ⡍ᕕ˖ 䌌ᯧ˖ ⠯㾦ˈ༈偼ˈ㙝 Bos gaurus (B. frontalis) - ॄᑺ䞢⠯ Bos javanicus - 爪哇野牛 AA AA BA ෎䚼᠕ᑇ ෎䚼ᰃ೚ⱘ AA BA ᮴↯ A 偼䋼ⱘ㛞㒓 ༈偼ߍᔶ Switzerland Credit: CITES MA AA Credit: CITES MA Switzerland Credit: CITES MA 䑿ԧ⏅ẩ㡆ˈ咥㡆៪♄㡆DŽ 㾦䭓˖ 95cm 䑿ԧ⏅㻤㡆ࠄ咥㡆˄䲘ᗻ˅ǃ BA ಯ㙶ϟッⱑ㡆DŽ 㾦਼䭓˖ 56cm ⌙㻤㡆˄䲠ᗻ˅ ಯ㙶ϟッঞ㞔䚼Ўⱑ㡆 BA ߎଂⱘ⠯㾦 A: ⟾છ䞢⠯⠯㾦 B: ॄᑺ䞢⠯⠯㾦 咘㡆ˈ Credit: TRAFFIC SEA ᇪッЎ咥㡆 㾦䭓˖ 87cm ᑐᑈ䲘ᗻ⟾છ䞢⠯ Credit: Claire Beastall Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA 㾦਼䭓˖ 48cm ⳌԐ⾡ Bubalus arnee - ॄᑺ∈⠯ Bos taurus - ᆊ⠯ Budorcas taxicolor -㕮⠯ CITES 䰘ᔩѠ ᑇⳈ 㾦Ў咥㡆 㾦ⱘ෎䚼ৃ ߍⱘᑇⱘ 㛑݋ễ㒍 㾦䭓˖ 149cm, 㾦䭓˖ 63.5cm, ߎଂⱘ⟾છ䞢⠯⠯㾦 ߎଂⱘॄᑺ䞢⠯⠯㾦 㾦਼䭓˖ 58cm 㾦਼䭓˖ 33cm Credit: TRAFFIC SEA Credit: TRAFFIC SEA © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 TRAFFIC Southeast © Image Source: Environment Canada unless stated a ⱏ䰚www.cites.org ੠www.iucnredlist.org ৃᶹ䆶⠽⾡ⱘֱᡸ⦄⢊DŽ 2008 ᑈ3 ᳜ α ⣦⧠ᣔ؍兓㗊኎ ഭ䱵 兓㗊኎Ⲵᡰᴹ⢙⿽䜭㻛ࡇҾ 䱴ᖅаѝ ࡛਽˖ 傜ᶕ㾯ӊ 㔵⭨ （䲔 ਠ⒮兓㗊઼ ਠ⒮䮯儳ኡ㖺） ࠶ᐳ˖ ᆏ࣐᣹ഭ˗нѩ˗Ḝคመ˗ѝഭ˗ঠᓖ˗ঠᓖቬ㾯ӊ 㣿䰘ㆄ㝺 ˗ IUCN: Ӿվডࡠ᱃ড˄ᵚሶᡰᴹㅹ㓗ࡇࠪ˅ ᰕᵜ˗㘱᥍˗傜ᶕ㾯ӊ˗㔵⭨˗ቬ⋺ቄ˗ѝഭਠ⒮˗⌠ഭ˗䎺ই ˖ᣔ㓗࡛؍ഭ޵ ⢙ᣔࣘ؍ ˗ 台湾鬣羚 ഭᇦа㓗 ˗ቮ䮯 ˗㛙儈փᖒ⢩ᖱ˖ ཤ઼փ䮯 ⢙ᣔࣘ؍ 鬣羚 ഭᇦҼ㓗䀂䮯 㦟ڊ˅䢤ᇊ⢩ᖱ˖ 䍨᱃˖ བྷཊᮠᛵߥлᱟ⭘䓛փḀӋ䜘࠶˄䀂ǃཤǃࡽ㛒ㅹ ԕ৺㚹㊫Ⲵ䍨᱃DŽ 兓㗊䀂 㙣ᵥ䖳䮯 兓㗊䀂 亸䜘⸝ˈӾཤ䜘ࡠ㛙䜘䮯ᴹ⎃ᇶ㘼ඊ⺜Ⲵ儳∋˄儳∋ਟ㜭Ѫ㽀㢢ᡆⲭ㢢˅ ⇿ਚ⵬ⶋлᯩᴹ᰾ 㺘Ⳟ㋇㌉ˈާᴹн਼Ⲵ仌㢢˖㽀㢢a⍵⚠㢢a唁㢢ˈ␑㓒㢢 ᱮⲴ㞪փ փл䜘㞩䜘Ⲵ仌㢢ਟ㜭䖳⍵ ⴨լ⿽ - spp. ᯁ㗊኎ spp. 㛼䜘ѝཞᴹ␡㢢 䈕኎ᡰᴹ⿽䜭㻛ࡇޕ 䱴ᖅа Ⲵᶑ㓩ᔦը ⭘ཤ઼㝊ᶕ⛬⋩ ཤ઼փ䮯˖ 㛙儈˖ ቮ䮯˖ 䀂䮯˖ 兓㗊ཤ о兓㗊኎Ⲵ⢙⿽⴨∄ˈփර઼䀂䜭䖳ሿ ⲭ㢢ᯁඇ ⵬ⶋлᯩᰐ᰾ᱮ㞪փ 㺘Ⳟ仌㢢˖⚠㢢ࡠ␡㽀㢢ᡆ㓒㢢 փл䜘㞩䜘˖䙊ᑨ仌㢢䖳⍵ ࡽ㛒кᴹ唁㓯 ⭘ཤ઼㝊ᶕ⛬⋩ 兓㗊Ⳟ ࠶ᐳ˖ нѩ˗ѝഭ˗ঠᓖ˗㔵⭨˗丙ഭ 㘱᥍˗ቬ⋺ቄ ⌠ഭ㖇ᯟ㚄䛖״ ᐤสᯟඖ α ᣔ⧠⣦DŽ ᒤ ᴸ؍ⲫ䱶 ઼ ਟḕ䈒⢙⿽Ⲵ Pantholops hodgsonii - Tibetan Antelope a ⢊⦃㮣㕮㕞 ೑䰙ֱᡸ ߿ৡ˖ Chiru (㣅䇁), Tsod (㽓㮣), 㮣㕮㕞˄Ё᭛˅ CITES䰘ᔩϔ IUCN: ▦ॅ ˖Ҕ㉇ᇨ˅ ೑ݙֱᡸ㑻߿ܟߚᏗ˖ Ё೑˄䴦⍋ˈᮄ⭚˅˗ॄᑺ˄ᶹ䇳 ⠽೑ᆊϔ㑻ֱᡸࡼ ԧᔶ⡍ᕕ˖ 㙽催ৃ䖒85cm˗ԧ䞡ৃ䖒40kg ⊼ᛣԴᑨ䆹㘨㒰ᔧഄϧᆊҹ㦋ᕫ᳈ᯢ⹂ⱘ䡈ᅮ Credit: Tony Lynam 䡈ᅮ⡍ᕕ˖ 䌌ᯧ˖Ⲃ䌌ᯧǃ㒦↯ࡴᎹࠊ៤᡿㙽ǃ ᇨ㮣㕞㾦⫼ᴹࠊ㥃ي ˈ㮣㕮㕞ⱘ㕞㒦ࠊ៤ⱘѻક⿄Ў≭೒ҔDŽ≭೒Ҕ᡿㙽㭘㗠ᶨ䕃⫼ া᳝㾦ⱘࠡ ≵᳝݊Ҫ᡿㙽䙷М८DŽपЏ೼ሩ⼎≭೒Ҕ᡿㙽ᯊӮᇚ᡿㙽こ䖛 ᑇ⒥ ञ䚼᳝⦃ ϔϾ៦ᣛˈҹሩ⦄ᅗⱘᶨ䕃 -໻໮᭄Ўⱑ㡆੠㉇咘㡆Ёᏺϔѯ㻤㡆˄Ԛৃҹ㹿ᶧ៤৘⾡买㡆˅ ⱑ㡆ⱘ䗮ᐌᰃ᳔ᯖ䌉ⱘ -㒎㒛㗙ৃ㛑ӮᡞҪཌྷྦྷৡⱘ佪ᄫ↡㒷೼᡿㙽ⱘϔ㾦
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Genome Skimming Provides Well Resolved Plastid and Nuclear
    Australian Systematic Botany, 2019, 32, 243–254 ©CSIRO 2019 https://doi.org/10.1071/SB18057 Supplementary material Genome skimming provides well resolved plastid and nuclear phylogenies, showing patterns of deep reticulate evolution in the tropical carnivorous plant genus Nepenthes (Caryophyllales) Lars NauheimerA,B,C,G, Lujing CuiD,E, Charles ClarkeA, Darren M. CraynA,B,C,D, Greg BourkeF and Katharina NargarA,B,C,D AAustralian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University, PO Box 6811, Cairns, Qld 4878, Australia. BCentre for Tropical Environmental Sustainability Science, James Cook University, McGregor Road, Smithfield, Qld 4878, Australia. CCentre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, James Cook University, McGregor Road, Smithfield, Qld 4878, Australia. DNational Research Collections Australia, Commonwealth Industrial and Scientific Research Organisation (CSIRO), GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. ESchool of Computer Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia. FBlue Mountains Botanic Garden, Bells Line of Road, Mount Tomah, NSW 2758, Australia. GCorresponding author. Email: [email protected] Page 1 of 6 Australian Systematic Botany ©CSIRO 2019 https://doi.org/10.1071/SB18057 Table S1. List of accessions used for phylogenetic analyses with sectional association, voucher number, geographic origin and DNA number All herbarium vouchers are located in the Australian Tropical Herbarium in Cairns (CNS) Species Section Voucher Origin DNA number Nepenthes ampullaria Jack Urceolatae Clarke, C. & Bourke, G. 2 Borneo, Malaysia G07903 Nepenthes benstonei C.Clarke Pyrophytae Clarke, C. & Bourke, G. 38 Malay Peninsula, Malaysia G07897 Nepenthes bokorensis Mey × Nepenthes ventricosa Blanco Pyrophytae × Insignes Clarke, C. & Bourke, G. 54 Horticulatural G07899 Nepenthes bongso Korth. Montanae Clarke, C.
    [Show full text]
  • Body Condition Assessment – As a Welfare and Management Assessment Tool for Radiated Tortoises (Astrochelys Radiata)
    Body condition assessment – as a welfare and management assessment tool for radiated tortoises (Astrochelys radiata) Hullbedömning - som ett verktyg för utvärdering av välfärd och skötsel av strålsköldpadda (Astrochelys radiata) Linn Lagerström Independent project • 15 hp Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU Department of Animal Environment and Health Programme/Education Uppsala 2020 2 Body condition assessment – as a welfare and management tool for radiated tortoises (Astrochelys radiata) Hullbedömning - som ett verktyg för utvärdering av välfärd och skötsel av strålsköldpadda (Astrochelys radiata) Linn Lagerström Supervisor: Lisa Lundin, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Environment and Health Examiner: Maria Andersson, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Environment and Health Credits: 15 hp Level: First cycle, G2E Course title: Independent project Course code: EX0894 Programme/education: Course coordinating dept: Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment Place of publication: Uppsala Year of publication: 2020 Cover picture: Linn Lagerström Keywords: Tortoise, turtle, radiated tortoise, Astrochelys radiata, Geochelone radiata, body condition indices, body condition score, morphometrics Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences Department of Animal Environment and Health 3 Publishing and archiving Approved students’ theses at SLU are published electronically. As a student, you have the copyright to your own work and need to approve the electronic publishing. If you check the box for YES, the full text (pdf file) and metadata will be visible and searchable online. If you check the box for NO, only the metadata and the abstract will be visiable and searchable online. Nevertheless, when the document is uploaded it will still be archived as a digital file.
    [Show full text]
  • English and French Cop17 Inf
    Original language: English and French CoP17 Inf. 36 (English and French only / Únicamente en inglés y francés / Seulement en anglais et français) CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA ____________________ Seventeenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties Johannesburg (South Africa), 24 September – 5 October 2016 JOINT STATEMENT REGARDING MADAGASCAR’S PLOUGHSHARE / ANGONOKA TORTOISE 1. This document has been submitted by the United States of America at the request of the Wildlife Conservation Society, Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, Turtle Survival Alliance, and The Turtle Conservancy, in relation to agenda item 73 on Tortoises and freshwater turtles (Testudines spp.)*. 2. This species is restricted to a limited range in northwestern Madagascar. It has been included in CITES Appendix I since 1975 and has been categorized as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species since 2008. There has been a significant increase in the level of illegal collection and trafficking of this species to supply the high end pet trade over the last 5 years. 3. Attached please find the joint statement regarding Madagascar’s Ploughshare/Angonoka Tortoise, which is considered directly relevant to Document CoP17 Doc. 73 on tortoises and freshwater turtles. * The geographical designations employed in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the CITES Secretariat (or the United Nations Environment Programme) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The responsibility for the contents of the document rests exclusively with its author.
    [Show full text]
  • (Equatorial Spitting Cobra) Venom a P
    The Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases ISSN 1678-9199 | 2011 | volume 17 | issue 4 | pages 451-459 Biochemical and toxinological characterization of Naja sumatrana ER P (Equatorial spitting cobra) venom A P Yap MKK (1), Tan NH (1), Fung SY (1) RIGINAL O (1) Department of Molecular Medicine, Center for Natural Products and Drug Research (CENAR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Abstract: The lethal and enzymatic activities of venom from Naja sumatrana (Equatorial spitting cobra) were determined and compared to venoms from three other Southeast Asian cobras (Naja sputatrix, Naja siamensis and Naja kaouthia). All four venoms exhibited the common characteristic enzymatic activities of Asiatic cobra venoms: low protease, phosphodiesterase, alkaline phosphomonoesterase and L-amino acid oxidase activities, moderately high acetylcholinesterase and hyaluronidase activities and high phospholipase A2. Fractionation of N. sumatrana venom by Resource® S cation exchange chromatography (GE Healthcare, USA) yielded nine major protein peaks, with all except the acidic protein peak being lethal to mice. Most of the protein peaks exhibit enzymatic activities, and L-amino acid oxidase, alkaline phosphomonoesterase, acetylcholinesterase, 5’-nucleotidase and hyaluronidase exist in multiple forms. Comparison of the Resource® S chromatograms of the four cobra venoms clearly indicates that the protein composition of N. sumatrana venom is distinct from venoms of the other two spitting cobras, N. sputatrix (Javan spitting cobra) and N. siamensis (Indochinese spitting cobra). The results support the revised systematics of the Asiatic cobra based on multivariate analysis of morphological characters. The three spitting cobra venoms exhibit two common features: the presence of basic, potentially pharmacologically active phospholipases A2 and a high content of polypeptide cardiotoxin, suggesting that the pathophysiological actions of the three spitting cobra venoms may be similar.
    [Show full text]
  • Manual for the Differentiation of Captive-Produced and Wild-Caught Turtles and Tortoises (Testudines)
    Image: Peter Paul van Dijk Image:Henrik Bringsøe Image: Henrik Bringsøe Image: Andrei Daniel Mihalca Image: Beate Pfau MANUAL F O R T H E DIFFERENTIATION OF CAPTIVE-PRODUCED AND WILD-CAUGHT TURTLES AND TORTOISES (TESTUDINES) PREPARED BY SPECIES360 UNDER CONTRACT FOR THE CITES SECRETARIAT Manual for the differentiation of captive-produced and wild-caught turtles and tortoises (Testudines) This document was prepared by Species360 under contract for the CITES Secretariat. Principal Investigators: Prof. Dalia A. Conde, Ph.D. and Johanna Staerk, Ph.D., Species360 Conservation Science Alliance, https://www.species360.orG Authors: Johanna Staerk1,2, A. Rita da Silva1,2, Lionel Jouvet 1,2, Peter Paul van Dijk3,4,5, Beate Pfau5, Ioanna Alexiadou1,2 and Dalia A. Conde 1,2 Affiliations: 1 Species360 Conservation Science Alliance, www.species360.orG,2 Center on Population Dynamics (CPop), Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark, 3 The Turtle Conservancy, www.turtleconservancy.orG , 4 Global Wildlife Conservation, globalwildlife.orG , 5 IUCN SSC Tortoise & Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group, www.iucn-tftsG.org. 6 Deutsche Gesellschaft für HerpetoloGie und Terrarienkunde (DGHT) Images (title page): First row, left: Mixed species shipment (imaGe taken by Peter Paul van Dijk) First row, riGht: Wild Testudo marginata from Greece with damaGe of the plastron (imaGe taken by Henrik BrinGsøe) Second row, left: Wild Testudo marginata from Greece with minor damaGe of the carapace (imaGe taken by Henrik BrinGsøe) Second row, middle: Ticks on tortoise shell (Amblyomma sp. in Geochelone pardalis) (imaGe taken by Andrei Daniel Mihalca) Second row, riGht: Testudo graeca with doG bite marks (imaGe taken by Beate Pfau) Acknowledgements: The development of this manual would not have been possible without the help, support and guidance of many people.
    [Show full text]
  • The Conservation Biology of Tortoises
    The Conservation Biology of Tortoises Edited by Ian R. Swingland and Michael W. Klemens IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group and The Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology Occasional Papers of the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) No. 5 IUCN—The World Conservation Union IUCN Species Survival Commission Role of the SSC 3. To cooperate with the World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC) The Species Survival Commission (SSC) is IUCN's primary source of the in developing and evaluating a data base on the status of and trade in wild scientific and technical information required for the maintenance of biological flora and fauna, and to provide policy guidance to WCMC. diversity through the conservation of endangered and vulnerable species of 4. To provide advice, information, and expertise to the Secretariat of the fauna and flora, whilst recommending and promoting measures for their con- Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna servation, and for the management of other species of conservation concern. and Flora (CITES) and other international agreements affecting conser- Its objective is to mobilize action to prevent the extinction of species, sub- vation of species or biological diversity. species, and discrete populations of fauna and flora, thereby not only maintain- 5. To carry out specific tasks on behalf of the Union, including: ing biological diversity but improving the status of endangered and vulnerable species. • coordination of a programme of activities for the conservation of biological diversity within the framework of the IUCN Conserva- tion Programme. Objectives of the SSC • promotion of the maintenance of biological diversity by monitor- 1.
    [Show full text]
  • SC73 Doc. 24.1
    Original language: English SC73 Doc. 24.1 CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA ___________________ Seventy-third meeting of the Standing Committee Online, 5-7 May 2021 Species specific matters Tortoises and freshwater turtles (Testudines spp.) REPORT OF THE SECRETARIAT 1. This document has been prepared by the Secretariat. 2. At its 18th meeting (CoP18, Geneva, 2019), the Conference of the Parties adopted inter alia Decisions 18.286 and 18.287 on Tortoises and freshwater turtles (Testudines spp.), as follows: 18.286 Directed to Madagascar Madagascar should: a) review its implementation of Resolution Conf. 11.9 (Rev. CoP18) on Conservation of and trade in tortoises and freshwater turtles; and b) report to the 73rd meeting of the Standing Committee on its implementation of Resolution Conf. 11.9 (Rev. CoP18), including in its report, information on any seizures, arrests, prosecutions and convictions secured as a result of activities implemented to address illegal trade in tortoises from Madagascar. 18.287 Directed to the Standing Committee The Standing Committee shall review the report from Madagascar in accordance with Decision 18.286, and any recommendations from the Secretariat, and consider if any further measures need to be implemented by Madagascar to address illegal trade in tortoises as it affects the Party. 3. Pursuant to Decision 18.286, Madagascar submitted a report on its implementation of Resolution Conf. 11.9 (Rev. CoP18) on Conservation of and trade in tortoises and freshwater turtles to the Secretariat on 30 June 2020. The report, available as document SC73 Doc. 24.2, includes as an Annex the Regional strategy to combat trafficking in radiated tortoises (Astrochelys radiata) in the Atsimo-Andrefana region of Madagascar (Stratégie régionale de lutte contre le trafic de tortues radiées « Astrochelys radiata » dans la région Atismo Andrefana – in French only).
    [Show full text]
  • Branding Ploughshare Tortoises
    N E W S Critically Endangered Ploughshare Tortoises: the smugglers, a Malagasy woman, was imprisoned, while the shells branded to reduce demand RWKHUD7KDLPDQZDVUHOHDVHGRQEDLO 6KHSKHUG These cases exemplify the urgent need for enforcement agencies to take the illegal trade in this species seriously. he Ploughshare Tortoise Astrochelys yniphora Reduced demand for the species in the international pet is highly threatened by persistent demand in trade and increased effective enforcement measures are the black market pet trade. As a result, its essential to end the decline of this species. numbers in the wild have been drastically The Turtle Conservancy, whose mission includes reduced to approximately 400 adult maintaining colonies of threatened and endangered specimens. Assessed as being Critically Endangered in T tortoises and freshwater turtles, aims to engrave Red List of Threatened Species the IUCN , these tortoises LGHQWL¿FDWLRQ PDUNV RQ DOO 3ORXJKVKDUH 7RUWRLVHV LQ are stolen by poachers who sell them to unscrupulous captive-breeding programmes and those remaining in traders, mainly in South-east Asia. WKHZLOG2Q-DQXDU\WKH7XUWOH&RQVHUYDQF\¶V The Ploughshare Tortoise is endemic to the Baly Behler Chelonian Center in Ventura County, USA, Bay area in north-western Madagascar (Leuteritz and branded the shells of two Ploughshare Tortoises that 3HGURQR ZKHUHLWLVWRWDOO\SURWHFWHGE\ODZ7KH KDGEHHQÀRZQLQIURP7DLZDQZKHUHWKH\ZHUHVHL]HG species is also listed in Appendix I of the Convention on LQ $QRQ 6RPH %XUPHVH 6WDUUHG International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna Tortoises Geochelone platynota &,7(6 $SSHQGL[ , DQG)ORUD &,7(6 PDNLQJDQ\LQWHUQDWLRQDOFRPPHUFLDO were similarly marked with the help of the Conservancy trade illegal. Yet demand from some countries, in LQ2FWREHU $QRQ particular Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand, combined with low levels of effective enforcement, continue to References push this striking species towards extinction (Shepherd DQG1LMPDQ6WHQJHOet al $QRQ Los Angeles Times, 14 January.
    [Show full text]
  • Nepenthes Argentii Philippines, N. Aristo
    BLUMEA 42 (1997) 1-106 A skeletal revision of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) Matthew Jebb & Martin Chee k Summary A skeletal world revision of the genus is presented to accompany a family account forFlora Malesi- ana. 82 species are recognised, of which 74 occur in the Malesiana region. Six species are described is raised from and five restored from as new, one species infraspecific status, species are synonymy. Many names are typified for the first time. Three widespread, or locally abundant hybrids are also included. Full descriptions are given for new (6) or recircumscribed (7) species, and emended descrip- Critical for all the Little tions of species are given where necessary (9). notes are given species. known and excluded species are discussed. An index to all published species names and an index of exsiccatae is given. Introduction Macfarlane A world revision of Nepenthes was last undertaken by (1908), and a re- Malesiana the gional revision forthe Flora area (excluding Philippines) was completed of this is to a skeletal revision, cover- by Danser (1928). The purpose paper provide issues which would be in the ing relating to Nepenthes taxonomy inappropriate text of Flora Malesiana.For the majority of species, only the original citation and that in Danser (1928) and laterpublications is given, since Danser's (1928) work provides a thorough and accurate reference to all earlier literature. 74 species are recognised in the region, and three naturally occurring hybrids are also covered for the Flora account. The hybrids N. x hookeriana Lindl. and N. x tri- chocarpa Miq. are found in Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo, although rare within populations, their widespread distribution necessitates their inclusion in the and other and with the of Flora.
    [Show full text]
  • Quantitative Characterization of the Hemorrhagic, Necrotic, Coagulation
    Hindawi Journal of Toxicology Volume 2018, Article ID 6940798, 8 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6940798 Research Article Quantitative Characterization of the Hemorrhagic, Necrotic, Coagulation-Altering Properties and Edema-Forming Effects of Zebra Snake (Naja nigricincta nigricincta)Venom Erick Kandiwa,1 Borden Mushonga,1 Alaster Samkange ,1 and Ezequiel Fabiano2 1 School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Neudamm Campus, University of Namibia, P. Bag 13301, Pioneers Park, Windhoek, Namibia 2Department of Wildlife Management and Ecotourism, Katima Mulilo Campus, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Namibia, P. Bag 1096, Ngweze, Katima Mulilo, Namibia Correspondence should be addressed to Alaster Samkange; [email protected] Received 30 May 2018; Revised 5 October 2018; Accepted 10 October 2018; Published 24 October 2018 Academic Editor: Anthony DeCaprio Copyright © 2018 Erick Kandiwa et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Tis study was designed to investigate the cytotoxicity and haemotoxicity of the Western barred (zebra) spitting cobra (Naja nigricincta nigricincta) venom to help explain atypical and inconsistent reports on syndromes by Namibian physicians treating victims of human ophidian accidents. Freeze-dried venom milked from adult zebra snakes was dissolved in phosphate bufered saline (PBS) for use in this study. Haemorrhagic and necrotic activity of venom were studied in New Zealand albino rabbits. Oedema-forming activity was investigated in 10-day-old Cobb500 broiler chicks. Procoagulant and thrombolytic activity was investigated in adult Kalahari red goat blood in vitro.
    [Show full text]
  • Subgenus: Naja, Afronaja, Boulengerina and Uraeus)
    Toxins 2019, 11, 116; doi: 10.3390/toxins11020116 www.mdpi.com/journal/toxins S1 of S2 Supplementary Materials: Distribution of Secretory Phospholipases A2 in the Venoms of Afro-Asian Cobras (Subgenus: Naja, Afronaja, Boulengerina and Uraeus) Choo Hock Tan, Kin Ying Wong, Nget Hong Tan, Tzu Shan Ng and Kae Yi Tan Figure 1. Time-dependent pH changes in acidimetric assay for the venoms of four subgenera of cobra. (A) Naja, (B) Afronaja, (C) Boulengerina, and (D) Uraeus. Hydrolysis of phospholipids by phospholipase A2 released fatty acids that reduced the suspension pH time-dependently. Toxins 2019, 11, 116; doi: 10.3390/toxins11020116 www.mdpi.com/journal/toxins S2 of S2 Figure S2. Time-dependent absorbance changes in colorimetric assay for the venoms of four subgenera of cobra. (A) Naja, (B) Afronaja, (C) Boulengerina, and (D) Uraeus. Changes in absorbance were due to the hydrolysis of the synthetic chromogenic substrate (NOBA), corresponding to the enzymatic activity of phospholipases A2 in the venoms. Toxins 2019, 11, 116; doi: 10.3390/toxins11020116 www.mdpi.com/journal/toxins S3 of S2 Table S1. Relative abundances of snake venom phospholipase A2 of 12 cobra species (Genus: Naja). Relative Subgenus Cobra Source Abundance of Method of Protein Identification References of Naja Species PLA2 (%) Bottom up proteomic: RP-HPLC, in-gel digestion, MALDI TOF/TOF and nano-ESI-LCMS/MS Naja naja Latoxan (Pakistan) 14.24 [1] Abundance calculation: gel densitometry x peak area under curve of chromatographic fraction Bottom up proteomic: RP-HPLC, in-gel
    [Show full text]
  • A Pan-Specific Antiserum Produced by a Novel Immunization Strategy
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN A pan-specifc antiserum produced by a novel immunization strategy shows a high spectrum of neutralization against neurotoxic snake venoms Kavi Ratanabanangkoon1,2 ✉ , Kae Yi Tan3, Kritsada Pruksaphon4, Chaiya Klinpayom5, José María Gutiérrez6, Naeem H. Quraishi7 & Choo Hock Tan8 ✉ Snakebite envenomation is a neglected tropical disease of high mortality and morbidity largely due to insufcient supply of efective and afordable antivenoms. Snake antivenoms are mostly efective against the venoms used in their production. It is thus crucial that efective and afordable antivenom(s) with wide para-specifcity, capable of neutralizing the venoms of a large number of snakes, be produced. Here we studied the pan-specifc antiserum prepared previously by a novel immunization strategy involving the exposure of horses to a ‘diverse toxin repertoire’ consisting of 12 neurotoxic Asian snake toxin fractions/ venoms from six species. This antiserum was previously shown to exhibit wide para-specifcity by neutralizing 11 homologous and 16 heterologous venoms from Asia and Africa. We now show that the antiserum can neutralize 9 out of 10 additional neurotoxic venoms. Altogether, 36 snake venoms belonging to 10 genera from 4 continents were neutralized by the antiserum. Toxin profles previously generated using proteomic techniques of these 36 venoms identifed α-neurotoxins, β-neurotoxins, and cytotoxins as predominant toxins presumably neutralized by the antiserum. The bases for the wide para-specifcity of the antiserum are discussed. These fndings indicate that it is feasible to generate antivenoms of wide para-specifcity against elapid neurotoxic venoms from diferent regions in the world and raises the possibility of a universal neurotoxic antivenom.
    [Show full text]