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												How Important Are Supermarkets for the Diets of the Urban Poor in Africa?
How important are supermarkets for the diets of the urban poor in Africa? R. Wanyama; T. Gödecke; M. Qaim University of Goettingen, Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Germany Corresponding author email: [email protected] Abstract: Many developing countries are undergoing a profound transformation of food systems. Especially in larger cities, supermarkets have become increasingly popular, affecting consumers’ food choices and diets. Previous research showed that supermarkets can have both positive and negative effects on dietary quality and nutrition. However, which households actually use supermarkets, and to what extent? While supermarket shopping is positively correlated with income, little is known about how important supermarkets are for the diets of the poor, who are of particular interest from a food policy perspective. The poorest of the urban poor often reside in informal settlements, so they are underrepresented in official surveys. We add to the literature by analyzing food consumption data collected from households in the poorest neighborhoods of Nairobi (Kenya) and Kampala (Uganda). We find high levels of nutritional deficiencies. Despite their ubiquitous presence, supermarkets are not yet very important for the diets of the urban poor. Supermarkets only account for 3% and 0.4% of sample households’ total food expenditures in Nairobi and Kampala, respectively. Especially unprocessed foods, which make up the largest share of calorie consumption, are primarily purchased in traditional retail outlets. We also show differences - 
												
												Report UNEP Dandora Environmental Pollution and Impact to Public Health
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND IMPACT TO PUBLIC HEALTH IMPLICATIONS OF THE DANDORA MUNICIPAL DUMPING SITE IN NAIROBI, KENYA 2 Environmental Pollution and Impact to Public Health; Implication of the Dandora Municipal Dumping Site in Nairobi, Kenya. A PILOT STUDY REPORT NJOROGE G. KIMANI In cooperation with THE UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME (UNEP) Nairobi, Kenya, 2007 3 Cover Photo: Korogocho Children dancing during the Children day and inhaling toxic smokes from the Dandora dumpsite. Courtesy of Andrea Rigon Author/Editor: Njoroge G. Kimani, MSc Medical Biochemistry Clinical Biochemist/Principal Investigator Email: [email protected] In collaboration with; Rob De Jong and Jane Akumu United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Financial support for study made available by UNEP This document contains the original UNEP report. Kutoka Network has changed the layout and added some pictures with the only objective to facilitate the circulation of such an important document. Kutoka Network believes that this report is key for public health advocacy initiatives in Nairobi. For more information: www.kutokanet.com 4 Contents Acknowledgment 7 Executive Summary 8 CHAPTER 1 1 Introduction 9 1.1 Background Information 9 1.2 Solid Waste Management, Environmental Pollution and Impact to Public Health 10 1.2.1 Heavy metals 10 1.2.2 Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) 11 1.3 The Dandora Municipal Waste Dumping Site 12 1.4 Objectives of the Study 15 1.4.1 Broad objective 15 1.4.2 Specific objectives 15 1.5 Significance of the study 15 CHAPTER 2 2. Methodology and Results 16 2.1 Environmental Evaluation 16 2.1.1 Collection of soil samples and compost sample 16 2.1.2 Collection of water samples 16 2.1.3 Analysis of environmental samples 16 2.1.4 Results of environmental samples 17 2.2 Biomonitoring and Health Effects 20 2.2.1 Clinical evaluation 20 2.2.2 Collection of biological samples 22 2.2.3 Analysis of biological samples 22 2.2.4 Biological samples results 23 2.2.4.2 Urine samples 25 CHAPTER 3 3. - 
												
												Extrinsic Factors Influencing Fetal Deformations and Intrauterine
Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Pregnancy Volume 2012, Article ID 750485, 11 pages doi:10.1155/2012/750485 Review Article Extrinsic Factors Influencing Fetal Deformations and Intrauterine Growth Restriction Wendy Moh, 1 John M. Graham Jr.,2 Isha Wadhawan,2 and Pedro A. Sanchez-Lara1 1 Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry and Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 4650 Sunset Boulevard, MS 90, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA 2 Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Medical Genetics Institute and David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, PACT Suite 400, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Pedro A. Sanchez-Lara, [email protected] Received 24 March 2012; Revised 4 June 2012; Accepted 4 June 2012 Academic Editor: Sinuhe Hahn Copyright © 2012 Wendy Moh et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The causes of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are multifactorial with both intrinsic and extrinsic influences. While many studies focus on the intrinsic pathological causes, the possible long-term consequences resulting from extrinsic intrauterine physiological constraints merit additional consideration and further investigation. Infants with IUGR can exhibit early symmetric or late asymmetric growth abnormality patterns depending on the fetal stage of development, of which the latter is most common occurring in 70–80% of growth-restricted infants. Deformation is the consequence of extrinsic biomechanical factors interfering with normal growth, functioning, or positioning of the fetus in utero, typically arising during late gestation. - 
												
												Odimtaani Nairobi Cup Draw
ODIMTAANI NAIROBI CUP DRAW Note: Nairobi East teams will participate in a preliminary round to reduce the number to 64 teams Nairobi East Nairobi West Makadara Youth vs Real Warriors African Warriors vs Red Carpet FC Dandora All Stars vs Jericho All Stars KFS FC VS UON Olympic FC Kariobangi All Stars vs Clever Stars FC Kibera Rollers vs FC Lopez Komarock Rangers vs Kayole United fc Riara University vs Zion Winners FC Umoja Rhino FC vs Gunners FC Makombora Bulls FC vs Shofco Mathare Kaha-west FC vs Nyati FC Silver bullets FC vs Karura green FC Victors Faith FC vs Santos Hotspurs FC Nairobi prison FC vs Imara FC K.Sharks Academy vs Boma of hope KSG Ogopa FC vs Lucky boys FC UEFA FC vs Dandora Fullnesco Kibera Saints vs Kitsuru All stars Kiwi FC vs Roodney Academy Riruta United FC vs Cheza Sports FC Glory Outreach vs Mukuru Combine Dagoretti Lion vs Nairobi Sports hse FC Sports Connect FC vs Mwiki Youth FC Kibera Golden FC vs Boca Juniors FC Barca vs Hope Sportiff FC Premier vs Real Mathare FC Kiambiu FC vs Dandora hotspurs FC Pelico jam FC vs Nkoroi FC St. John FC vs Kinsan FC Protégé FC vs Re-union FC Rada Sports FC vs Ruai flames FC Ligi dogo youth FC vs Dagoretti Santos FC Imara daima FC vs (Makadara Youth vs Real Warriors) KYSA Karengata vs UON FC Tena United vs (Dandora All Stars vs Jericho All Stars) South B Utd. FC vs Kangemi Patriots FC Nairobi water FC vs (Kariobangi All Stars vs Clever Stars FC) WYSA Utd. - 
												
												Neonatal Orthopaedics
NEONATAL ORTHOPAEDICS NEONATAL ORTHOPAEDICS Second Edition N De Mazumder MBBS MS Ex-Professor and Head Department of Orthopaedics Ramakrishna Mission Seva Pratishthan Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences Kolkata, West Bengal, India Visiting Surgeon Department of Orthopaedics Chittaranjan Sishu Sadan Kolkata, West Bengal, India Ex-President West Bengal Orthopaedic Association (A Chapter of Indian Orthopaedic Association) Kolkata, West Bengal, India Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon Park Children’s Centre Kolkata, West Bengal, India Foreword AK Das ® JAYPEE BROTHERS MEDICAL PUBLISHERS (P) LTD. New Delhi • London • Philadelphia • Panama (021)66485438 66485457 www.ketabpezeshki.com ® Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. Headquarters Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. 4838/24, Ansari Road, Daryaganj New Delhi 110 002, India Phone: +91-11-43574357 Fax: +91-11-43574314 Email: [email protected] Overseas Offices J.P. Medical Ltd. Jaypee-Highlights Medical Publishers Inc. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers Ltd. 83, Victoria Street, London City of Knowledge, Bld. 237, Clayton The Bourse SW1H 0HW (UK) Panama City, Panama 111, South Independence Mall East Phone: +44-2031708910 Phone: +507-301-0496 Suite 835, Philadelphia, PA 19106, USA Fax: +02-03-0086180 Fax: +507-301-0499 Phone: +267-519-9789 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. 17/1-B, Babar Road, Block-B, Shaymali Shorakhute, Kathmandu Mohammadpur, Dhaka-1207 Nepal Bangladesh Phone: +00977-9841528578 Mobile: +08801912003485 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Website: www.jaypeebrothers.com Website: www.jaypeedigital.com © 2013, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means without the prior permission of the publisher. - 
												
												Development of a Web-Based Geographic Information System for Mass Land Valuation: a Case Study of Westlands Constituency, Nairobi County
Journal of Geographic Information System, 2018, 10, 283-300 http://www.scirp.org/journal/jgis ISSN Online: 2151-1969 ISSN Print: 2151-1950 Development of a Web-Based Geographic Information System for Mass Land Valuation: A Case Study of Westlands Constituency, Nairobi County Godfrey Ludiema*, Godfrey Makokha, Moses Murimi Ngigi Institute of Geomatics, GIS and Remote Sensing (IGGReS), Dedan Kimathi University of Technology, Nyeri, Kenya How to cite this paper: Ludiema, G., Ma- Abstract kokha, G. and Ngigi, M.M. (2018) Devel- opment of a Web-Based Geographic In- The development of a web-based Geographic Information System for mass formation System for Mass Land Valuation: property valuation was the main focus of this research. The developed web A Case Study of Westlands Constituency, GIS allows effective dissemination, extraction and analysis of mass land valua- Nairobi County. Journal of Geographic Information System, 10, 283-300. tion information over the Internet. It also allows for automation of the mass https://doi.org/10.4236/jgis.2018.103015 property valuation process by compiling a centralized mass valuation roll da- tabase. The Westlands Constituency, one of the administrative regions of the Received: March 29, 2018 Nairobi City County was used as a case study. The research focused on auto- Accepted: June 25, 2018 Published: June 28, 2018 mation of the mass property valuation roll by creating a centralized database that is accessible by all users on the web-based GIS portal. This was done by Copyright © 2018 by authors and customizing and integrating a web-based GIS system based on open source Scientific Research Publishing Inc. - 
												
												Republic of Kenya Ministry of Roads and Publicworks Feasibility Study, Detailed Engineering Design, Tender Administration and C
ORIGINAL REPUBLIC OF KENYA COPY A I P O MINISTRY OF ROADS AND PUBLICWORKS I H T E O T T HI KA R IV ER CHANIA THIKA FEASIBILITY STUDY, DETAILED ENGINEERING DESIGN, TENDER ADMINISTRATION AND THIKA CONSTRUCTION SUPERVISION OF NAIROBI – THIKA ROAD (A2) PHASE 1 AND 2 JUJ A FEASIBILITY AND DETAILED ENGINEERING DESIGN RUIRU ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT GITHURAIASSESSMENT STUDY REPORT KASSAR ANI FINAL REPORT RUARKA ` MUTHAI JULY 2007 GA PANGA MUSE NI UM NAIROBI GLOBE CINEMA R/A CONSULTING ENGINEERING SERVICES (INDIA) PRIVATE LIMITED 57, NEHRU PLACE, (5TH FLOOR), NEW DELHI - 110 019 in association with APEC LIMITED, NAIROBI Nairobi – Thika Road Upgrading project Sheet 1 of 88 2007025/Report 2/Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Study Report Proponent: Ministry of Roads and Public Works. Activity: Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Study on the proposed Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Nairobi – Thika road, A2. Report Title: Environmental Project Report (Scoping): Proposed Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Nairobi – Thika Road, A2. Consulting Engineers Consulting Engineers Services (India) Private Limited In association with APEC Consortium Limited P. O. Box 3786 – 00100, NAIROBI, KENYA, Tel. 254 020 606283 NEMA Registration No. 0836 of Firm of Experts: Signed: ____________________________ Date: _____________________ Mr. Harrison W. Ngirigacha (MSc. WERM, BSc. Chem. Reg. Expert (NEMA)) LEAD EIA EXPERT NEMA Reg. No. 0027 For: Consulting Engineers Name and Address of Proponent: The Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Roads and Public - 
												
												SUBGALEAL HEMATOMA Sarah Meyers MS4 Ilse Castro-Aragon MD CASE HISTORY
SUBGALEAL HEMATOMA Sarah Meyers MS4 Ilse Castro-Aragon MD CASE HISTORY Ex-FT (37w6d) male infant born by low transverse C-section for arrest of descent and chorioamnionitis to a 34-year-old G2P1 mother. The infant had 1- and 5-minute APGAR scores of 9 and 9, weighed 3.625 kg (54th %ile), and had a head circumference of 34.5 cm (30th %ile). Following a challenging delivery of the head during C/s, the infant was noted to have left-sided parietal and occipital bogginess, and an ultrasound was ordered due to concern for subgaleal hematoma. PEDIATRIC HEAD ULTRASOUND: SUBGALEAL HEMATOMA Superficial pediatric head ultrasound showing moderately echogenic fluid collection (green arrow), superficial to the periosteum (blue arrow), crossing the sagittal suture (red arrow). Findings on U/S consistent with large parieto-occipital subgaleal hematoma. PEDIATRIC HEAD ULTRASOUND: SUBGALEAL HEMATOMA Superficial pediatric head ultrasound showing moderately echogenic fluid collection (green arrow), consistent with large parieto-occipital subgaleal hematoma. CLINICAL FOLLOW UP - Subgaleal hematoma was confirmed on ultrasound and the infant was transferred from the newborn nursery to the NICU for close monitoring, including hourly head circumferences and repeat hematocrit measurements - Serial head circumferences remained stable around 34 cm and hematocrit remained stable between 39 and 41 throughout hospital course - The infant was subsequently treated with phototherapy for hyperbilirubinemia, thought to be secondary to resorption of the SGH IN A NUTSHELL: - 
												
												The Efficiency of Nairobi's Kariobangi Wastewater Treatment Plant
THE EFFICIENCY OF NAIROBI’S KARIOBANGI WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT BY ANDERE CLEMENT MIRUKA REG. NO: I56/69022/2013 A RESEARCH THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI AUGUST, 2016 DECLARATION This thesis is my original idea and has never been presented for award of a degree at any other University Sign……………………………………. Date…………………………………… Andere Clement Miruka. This thesis is submitted with our approval as research supervisors Sign……………………………………. Date………………………………………. Prof. David K. Kariuki. Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi Sign……………………………………. Date……………………………………… Prof. Amir O. Yusuf Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi Sign……………………………………. Date……………………………………… Dr. John O. Onyatta Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi ii ABSTRACT Kariobangi Sewerage Treatment Plant in Nairobi City County is a conventional mechanical wastewater treatment plant with an installed capacity of 32,000 m3/day and has an in built methenation unit. It is the only available conventional mechanical wastewater treatment plant in the city and its efficiency is therefore, of paramount importance. A total of 48 samples from three sites within the plant namely the Inlet (I), the Clarifier(C) and the Outlet (O) were analyzed for various parameters. Development activities within the treatment plant’s catchment area were assessed with view to establish their effects on the performance of the plant. Physico-chemical parameters, chemical parameters, heavy metals, oil & grease and bacteriological presence analyses were carried out so as to evaluate the efficiency of the plant. The physico-chemical parameters analyzed included settleable solids (SS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and biochemical oxygen demand after five days (BOD5). - 
												
												SUB-HUBS the Nairobi Hub Geographic Breakdown Is to Enable
SUB-HUBS The Nairobi Hub geographic breakdown is to enable and promote appropriate information sharing and greater participation of stakeholders at the local level both during the Nairobi Hub Contingency planning stage, and during any required humanitarian response during the pre and post-election periods. At the Sub-hub level please communicate with the DC’s office and with the other key partners on the ground as indicated in the table below: OCPD Police Nairobi District Ministry of Grievances, Due District Hotspot Sub-Hub Focal Point KRCS Nairobi Branch Contact District Commissioner Health Diligence, Early Warning AMREF OCPD kilimani (for Joseph Odep Evans Gacheru Kibera): Langata DC: Dr.Sahra Mohamed [email protected] Branch Coordinator Bernard Muli: Mr John Elungata Langata Kibera 0726 406212 Langata 0722400535 0715200199 0720526066 Railway Line Karen-Langata [email protected] Lydia Kuria 0720367759 OCPD Langata: [email protected] [email protected] Titus Yoma: 0722918480 0722227890 Informal Settlements: - Mukuru kwa Reuben Daniel Mutinda - Mukuru Kwa Njenga Project Officer Urban Risk Reduction - Soweto Nairobi Branch AP Commander - Kwa Ario near Mr Ruben Bett Tassia (river bank) 0736440659 / 0725599105 Embakasi DC: Dr. Atieno Adede Oxfam 0722624565 [email protected] Mr Peter K. Mbugi Embakasi Elizabeth Gikonyo Embakasi 0713469104 0721406504 [email protected] Around the polling [email protected] [email protected] OCPD stations 0722478755 Winnie Kananu Mr.Adchui Other areas: Nairobi Branch 0723845889 Kayole, Tassia, Umoja 0714586439 2, 3 Spillover effect to [email protected] Innercore and Komarock 1 OCPD Police Nairobi District Ministry of Grievances, Due District Hotspot Sub-Hub Focal Point KRCS Nairobi Branch Contact District Commissioner Health Diligence, Early Warning Daniel Mutinda Project Officer Urban Risk Reduction Nairobi Branch 0736440659/ 0725599105 Dr. - 
												
												Slum Toponymy in Nairobi, Kenya a Case Study Analysis of Kibera
Urban and Regional Planning Review Vol. 4, 2017 | 21 Slum toponymy in Nairobi, Kenya A case study analysis of Kibera, Mathare and Mukuru Melissa Wangui WANJIRU*, Kosuke MATSUBARA** Abstract Urban informality is a reality in cities of the Global South, including Sub-Saharan Africa, which has over half the urban population living in informal settlements (slums). Taking the case of three informal settlements in Nairobi (Kibera, Mathare and Mukuru) this study aimed to show how names play an important role as urban landscape symbols. The study analyses names of sub-settlements (villages) within the slums, their meanings and the socio-political processes behind them based on critical toponymic analysis. Data was collected from archival sources, focus group discussion and interviews, newspaper articles and online geographical sources. A qualitative analysis was applied on the village names and the results presented through tabulations, excerpts and maps. Categorisation of village names was done based on the themes derived from the data. The results revealed that village names represent the issues that slum residents go through including: social injustices of evictions and demolitions, poverty, poor environmental conditions, ethnic groupings among others. Each of the three cases investigated revealed a unique toponymic theme. Kibera’s names reflected a resilient Nubian heritage as well as a diverse ethnic composition. Mathare settlements reflected political struggles with a dominance of political pioneers in the village toponymy. Mukuru on the other hand, being the newest settlement, reflected a more global toponymy-with five large villages in the settlement having foreign names. Ultimately, the study revealed that ethnic heritage and politics, socio-economic inequalities and land injustices as well as globalization are the main factors that influence the toponymy of slums in Nairobi. - 
												
												Youth-Inclusive Mechanisms for Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism in the Igad Region a Case Study of Kenya
YOUTH-INCLUSIVE MECHANISMS FOR PREVENTING AND COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM IN THE IGAD REGION A CASE STUDY OF KENYA YOUTH-INCLUSIVE MECHANISMS FOR PREVENTING AND COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM IN THE IGAD REGION A CASE STUDY OF KENYA EDITED BY TRUPHENA E. MUKUNA (PHD) © 2019 Organisation for Social Science Research in Eastern and Southern Africa (OSSREA) OSSREA acknowledges the support of International Development Research Centre (IDRC). Printed in Ethiopia All rights reserved. ISBN: 978-99944-75-01-8 Copy-edited and Layout by: Alemu Tesfaye Organisation for Social Science Research in Eastern and Southern Africa P.O. Box 31971, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Fax: 251-11-1223921 Tel: 251-11-1239484 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.ossrea.net Table of Contents About IDRC ........................................................................................................ 1 Executive Summary ............................................................................................ 4 Table 1: Theory of Change for the Youth-Inclusive Mechanisms in P/CVE ...... 7 Abbreviations and acronyms ............................................................................... 8 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................. 9 About the Author ................................................................................................. 10 1.Introduction .................................................................................................... 11 1.1 Statement of the Problem