NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards, Release 4.0

NIST Special Publication 1108r4 NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards, Release 4.0 Avi Gopstein Cuong Nguyen Cheyney O’Fallon Nelson Hastings David Wollman This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1108r4 NIST Special Publication 1108r4 NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards, Release 4.0 Avi Gopstein, Cuong Nguyen, Cheyney O’Fallon, and David Wollman Smart Grid and Cyber-Physical Systems Program Office Engineering Laboratory Nelson Hasting Applied Security Division Information Technology Laboratory This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1108r4 February 2021 U.S. Department of Commerce Wynn Coggins, Acting Secretary National Institute of Standards and Technology James K. Olthoff, Performing the Non-Exclusive Functions and Duties of the Under Secretary of Commerce for Standards and Technology & Director, National Institute of Standards and Technology Certain commercial entities, equipment, or materials may be identified in this document in order to describe an experimental procedure or concept adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor is it intended to imply that the entities, materials, or equipment are necessarily the best available for the purpose. National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 1108r4 Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. Spec. Publ. 1108r4, 239 pages (February 2021) CODEN: NSPUE2 This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1108r4 Key Messages – NIST Smart Grid Interoperability Framework Interoperability — the ability to exchange information in a timely, actionable manner — is a critical yet underdeveloped capability of the power system. Significant grid modernization has occurred in recent years, but the proliferation of technology and associated standards has only modestly improved interoperability. This publication is available free of charge from: The expansion of distributed energy resources and other technologies, along with changing customer expectations, have complicated the interoperability challenge. This revision of the NIST Smart Grid Interoperability Framework uses evolving technology and power system architectures as context for describing a new set of interoperability perspectives. Distributed and customer-sited resources figure prominently in the future smart grid, as do intelligent distribution systems and other key integrators. As society modernizes the physical mechanisms by which we produce, manage, and consume electricity, strategies for system operations and economic structure will diversify. This diversification will benefit from — and eventually rely upon — enhanced interoperability. The benefits of interoperability are broad and reach all stakeholders at all scales. Interoperability is a hedge against technology obsolescence, maximizes the value of https://doi.org equipment investments by increasing usage for secondary purposes, and facilitates combinatorial innovation by allowing coordinated small actions across diverse stakeholders and devices to have grand impacts. The interoperability value proposition can be realized in any system domain, from the utility to the customer and beyond. /10.6028/NIST.SP. Interoperability requires a cybersecurity approach that manages risk while opening new communication interfaces. The desired outcomes for the grid and the information exchanges that must be protected will have to be considered in concert and will benefit from a structured approach to system security. New interfaces can benefit from existing security processes. 1108r4 Testing and certification is a critical enabler of smart grid interoperability. However, the current industry focus on certifying conformance to individual standards is only the first step on the pathway to assuring interoperability for devices or systems, and cannot provide interoperability without significant additional effort. Interoperability Profiles are a proposed solution to the interoperability challenge. Built upon concepts of physical and informational interoperability and drawn from existing standards, these Profiles describe a subset of requirements that — when implemented and verified through testing and certification — would ensure interoperability across devices and systems. i Acknowledgements This Framework is the result of an ongoing collaborative effort involving many individuals and organizations across industry, academia, and government. Through six public workshops and additional presentations, more than 300 attendees and speakers provided invaluable feedback which helped ensure that this document reflects a broad set of stakeholder perspectives regarding the issues surrounding smart grid interoperability. The authors would like to thank Christopher Greer for his invaluable guidance, support, and This publication is available free of charge from: extensive reviews throughout the Framework development process. This document is far better for his contributions. Many others have provided important ideas and facilitated processes that are the foundations for this Framework. The contributions of the following individuals were especially noteworthy and appreciated: Jason Allnutt, Dhananjay Anand, Paul Boynton, Danielle Byrnett, Christopher Irwin, Konstantina Di Menza, Amimul Ehsan, Thomas Linn, Jeffrey Marron, Eric Simmon, Aaron Smallwood, Ravi Subramaniam, Jeffrey Taft, Christopher Villarreal, and Kerry Worthington. Several organizations were instrumental in providing or otherwise managing the stakeholder engagement activities critical to obtaining early-stage feedback. Members of the NIST Smart Grid Advisory Committee reviewed and provided valuable feedback on many early-stage drafts and spoke at NIST workshops. Meetings hosted by the National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners, the Public Utility Commissions of Atlanta, California, https://doi.org Indiana, and Rhode Island, and the Smart Electric Power Alliance provided in-person opportunities to maximize stakeholder engagement. /10.6028/NIST.SP. 1108r4 ii Table of Contents Key Messages ................................................................................................................. i Acknowledgements....................................................................................................... ii List of Figures ............................................................................................................. vii List of Tables ............................................................................................................. viii List of Acronyms ......................................................................................................... ix Purpose and Scope ................................................................................................ 1 This publication is available free of charge from: 1.1. Overview and Background ....................................................................................... 1 1.2. The Role of Interoperability ..................................................................................... 3 1.2.1. The interoperability value proposition .............................................................................. 3 1.2.2. The empowered consumer ................................................................................................ 5 1.2.3. Interoperability and customer value .................................................................................. 6 1.2.4. Utility and Other Benefits ................................................................................................. 7 1.2.5. Interoperability and environmental sustainability ............................................................. 8 1.3. Framework Content and Structure ....................................................................... 10 1.3.1. The role of grid architecture ............................................................................................ 10 1.3.2. Updated models ............................................................................................................... 11 1.3.3. A common language for the grid ..................................................................................... 11 1.3.4. Tools to facilitate interoperability ................................................................................... 11 1.4. Use of this Framework ............................................................................................ 11 Models for the Smart Grid ................................................................................. 12 https://doi.org 2.1. NIST Smart Grid Conceptual Model .................................................................... 12 2.1.1. Conceptual model updates .............................................................................................. 14 2.1.2. Conceptual model domains ............................................................................................. 15 2.1.3. Other services and financial markets .............................................................................. 17 /10.6028/NIST.SP. 2.2. Communication Pathways Scenarios ..................................................................... 17 2.2.1. Graphic conventions .......................................................................................................

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