energies Review Metadata Schemas and Ontologies for Building Energy Applications: A Critical Review and Use Case Analysis Marco Pritoni 1,* , Drew Paine 1 , Gabriel Fierro 2 , Cory Mosiman 3 , Michael Poplawski 4 , Avijit Saha 3, Joel Bender 5 and Jessica Granderson 1 1 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
[email protected] (D.P.);
[email protected] (J.G.) 2 Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; gtfi
[email protected] 3 National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA;
[email protected] (C.M.);
[email protected] (A.S.) 4 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA;
[email protected] 5 Building Automation and Control Systems Integration Group, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA;
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[email protected] Abstract: Digital and intelligent buildings are critical to realizing efficient building energy operations and a smart grid. With the increasing digitalization of processes throughout the life cycle of buildings, data exchanged between stakeholders and between building systems have grown significantly. However, a lack of semantic interoperability between data in different systems is still prevalent and hinders the development of energy-oriented applications that can be reused across buildings, limiting Citation: Pritoni, M.; Paine, D.; the scalability of innovative solutions. Addressing this challenge, our review paper systematically Fierro, G.; Mosiman, C.; Poplawski, reviews metadata schemas and ontologies that are at the foundation of semantic interoperability M.; Saha, A.; Bender, J.; Granderson, J. necessary to move toward improved building energy operations. The review finds 40 schemas that Metadata Schemas and Ontologies for span different phases of the building life cycle, most of which cover commercial building operations Building Energy Applications: A and, in particular, control and monitoring systems.