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Platinum Resistance Thermometer (PRT) Selection Guide

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Cold junction 2 wire resistance 2,3 or 4 wire compensation required Vibration effects/ shock wirewound – not suitable. Film – Mineral insulated types suitable Suitable good Output/ characteristic approx. 0.4 W/°C From 10µV/°C to -4% / °C to 40µV/°C depending on type Extension Leads Copper Compensating cable Copper Cost Wirewound – more expensive Relatively Inexpensive Film – cheaper low cost to moderate Comments and values shown in this chart are generalised and nominal. They are not intended to be definitive but are stated for general guidance. RTD Sensor o r Thermocouple ? Choosing between a RTD Sensor and a Thermocouple Resistance Thermometers utilise a high precision sensing resistor, usually platinum, the resistance value of which increases with temperature. The dominant standard adopted internationally is the Pt100 which has a resistance value of 100.0 Ohms at 0°C and a change of 38.50 Ohms between 0 and 100°C (the fundamental interval). The platinum sensing resistor is highly stable and allows high accuracy temperature sensing. Resistance thermometer sensing resistors are 2 wire devices but the 2 wires will usually be extended in a 3 or 4 wire configuration according to the application, the associated instrumentation and accuracy requirements. Thermocouples comprise a thermoelement which is a junction of two specifield, dissimilar alloys and a suitable two wire extension lead. The junction is a short circuit only, the EMF is generated in the temperature gradient between the hot junction and the ‘cold’ or reference junction. This characteristic is reasonably stable and repeatable and allows for a family of alternative thermocouple types (e.g. J,K,T,N) to be used. The alternative types are defined by the nature of the alloys used in the thermoelements and each type displays a different thermal EMF characteristic. RTD’s are, generally: Thermocouples are, generally: • More expensive • Relatively inexpensive • More accurate • More rugged • Highly stable (if used carefully) • Less accurate • Capable of better resolution • More prone to drift • Restricted in their range of temperature • More sensitive • Stem, not tip sensitive • Tip sensing • Rarely available in small diameters (below 3mm) • Available in smaller diameters • Available with a wider temperature range • More versatile In both cases, the choice of thermocouple or RTD must be made to match the instrumentation and to suit the application. Comparison of Sheath Materials Sheath Material Max Notes Applications Continuous Refractory Oxide 1750°C Good choice for rare metal thermocouples. Good resistance to Forging iron & steel. Incinerators carburizing and recrystallised, e.g. ture chemical attack. Mechanically strong but severe thermal shock hardening in heat treatment. Continuous furnaces. Glass Alumina Impervious should be avoided. Lehrs. Silicon Carbide (Porous) 1500°C Good level of protection even in severe conditions.
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