AREA : 3410 Ha

Project Cost : 511.5 Lakhs

Tuisumpui, Phalhrang, Rawmibawk, Riasikah, Tuipui Ferry.

Prepared by, DHO, Saiha.

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INDEX

CHAPTER Page No. 1. Introduction ------3 2. Project Profile ------8 3. History of Project Villages & ------13 Basic Information 4. Participatory Rural Appraisal ------18 5. Problem Typology ------19 6. Project Intervention Plan ------22 7. DPR Plan Abstract ------23 8. Preparatory Phase. ------24 9. Work Plan Details ------25 10. Consolidation and Withdrawal Phase. ------27 11. Capacity Building Institute Identified ------28 12. Institutional & Capacity building Plan ------29 13. Basic Profile of the project location ------31 14. Maps of the project ------32 15. Institutional mechanism& Agreements. ------36 16. SWOT Analysis of PIA. ------37 17. PIA & Watershed Committee details. ------38 18. Convergence Plans. ------39 19. Expected Outcomes. ------41 20. Expected Estimate Outcomes. ------43 21. Monitoring & Evaluation. ------44 22. Plan & Estimates for various activities. ------45 23. Drawing for Various activities. ------51 24. Micro-Watershed work Plan for one cluster Area under IWMP.------57 25. Beneficiary Card Sample ------58

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1. INTRODUCTION:

Land is a critically important national resource in which all human activity is based. Its efficient management is vital for economic growth and development of rural Areas to harness the full potential of the available land resources and prevent its further degradation, development of rainfed area, degraded area is of great significance. Its management is complex and multi dimensional and its development requires scientific, holistic and innovative approach. Unprecedented population and cattle pressure and demands of Society on scarce land, water and biological resources and the ever increasing degradation of these resources is affecting the stability and resilience of our ecosystem and the environment as a whole. The expansion of human settlement and infrastructure, intensification of Agriculture, expansion of agriculture into marginal areas and fragile ecosystem emphasizes the need for integrated planning and management of resources. With ever increasing population, the needs of the people is also ever increasing. The population of has now reached 10 lakhs resulting in increasing demand for commodities and lack of work for both the urban and rural population. Most of the rural population depends on shifting cultivation for their livelihood. Shifting Cultivation is practiced by clearing forest areas. The previous year’s jhumland is kept fallow for 5-6 year’s depending on the area available for cultivation for each village.

Shifting Cultivation results in burning of large areas of forest including those that are not required for cultivation thereby destroying forest cover, there are fewer trees and shrubs to decrease the flow of water, hence only the top soil becomes wet leading to increased runoff speed of rain water resulting in low underground water table. Those natural springs we have that we so proudly say never runs dry have now become dry during the winter months. The water we have left barely meets the requirement for human consumption not to mention those required for irrigation of farmland.

The thinning forest cover decreases moisture content of the soil making it unsuitable for plantation of trees and crops. Temperature also increases considerably because of this. Our once fertile lands will soon become deserts if we do not put a stop to shifting cultivation soon.

Each watershed area under the project is a micro level effort to achieve the objective of watershed programme through treating under productive and hitherto unproductive lands and taking up allied activities for the benefits of the rural poor and landless. This project adopt a common strategy of multi-resource management involving all stakeholders within the watershed, who together as a group, co-operatively identify the resources issues and concerns of the watershed as well as develop and implement a watershed plan with solution that are environmentally, socially and economically sustainable.

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Agriculture is the principal occupation of the rural people of . Saiha District is the farthest District of Mizoram from the state capital, . Almost 80% of the people directly depend on Agriculture. Saiha District lies in the southernmost corner of Mizoram. Comparing to the other District, the standard of living of the people of Saiha district is low. Besides, Agriculture, horticulture plays an important role providing sustainable income for the people. Also, rearing of cattle, buffalo and goat are the main activity of the people. The climatic condition like rainfall, topography and soil conditions are ideal for providing horticulture activity.

Shifting/ Jhumming cultivation is popular in the region due to the ignorant and financial adversity of the people which result in erosion of fertile soil. Also thereby resulting in low productivity and deforestation which have now become the threat to the eco-system. Hence urgent action is badly required for converting temporary farming into permanent farming. This IWMP project can solve the problems being faced by the region to a large extent.

Since the climatic condition is suitable for cultivation of different types of fruits, vegetables, medicinal plants and commercial crops, the proposed project is highly appreciated by the local people. It is estimated that more than 5.90 lakhs hectares of land can be brought under Horticulture whereas the present land use is only 1.6 lakhs hectares. It shows that there are ample avenues for the development of Horticulture in the State.

Even though the state concerned department has prepared perspective plan for the development of Horticulture. The State Rural Development Department can also contribute a lot in this field with the help of IWMP project. The local residents have a lot of expectations since proposal for promoting horticulture, agriculture are now demarcated in IWMP which is the main activity of the Ministry of Land Resources, Government of India.

The objective of the project will be:-

1. Developing water, land/degraded land and abandoned jhum land on watershed basis, keeping in view the capacity of land, local condition and needs. 2. Promoting overall economic development and improving Socio-economic condition of the poor and disadvantaged section inhabiting the project area. 3. Restoring ecological balance by harnessing, conserving and developing natural resources. i.e. land, water and vegetative cover 4. Encouraging village community for sustainable community action for operation and maintenance of assets created and further development of potential of natural resources in the watershed.

4 5. Employment generation, poverty alleviation, community empowerment and development of human and other economic resources of the village. Watershed Management works will be taken up in multi-tier approaches as below:-

1. First Tier-Canopy/Ridge Area Treatment

(a) Stoppage of Shifting Cultivation: Under IWMP farmers are encouraged to practice permanent farming in compact areas. All the areas which were previously used for cultivation will be left fallow and in due course of time natural forest growth will be regenerated.

(b) Afforestation: Besides the natural forest areas, more areas are proposed for afforestation under IWMP and other Schemes. Increased forest area will result in decrease of runoff water, soil water content and increased precipitation/rainfall, increased underground water table.

(c) Prevention of soil erosion: Due to the hilly nature of Mizoram and deforestation, rain water easily erodes the fertile top soil. Fertility decreases considerably in places of minimal forest cover. To prevent more soil erosion, construction of terraces, afforestation and other means are proposed so that there will be minimum soil content in the runoff water.

2. Second Tier-Horticulture Crop Area Treatment

(a) Construction of water harvesting structures and better utilization of water resources: Rainfall is still moderate and whatever rainfall we get, if we have proper harvesting structures, is more than enough for every household use without any other source of water. In place of permanent cultivation where natural streams are available for water harvesting using gravity and in those places where water is not available by gravity also, water harvesting should be encouraged. The harvested water can be used both for human consumption as well as for irrigating farmlands and will provide the required water during dry season. (b) Land Development: The areas covered under IWMP project are planned to be developed in such a way that the productivity will increase. The areas proposed for afforestation will be developed by making terrace. Construction of terrace will prevent unnecessary water runoff, thereby, recharging the water table. In places where permanent cultivation will be practiced, depending on the slope of the terrain, terrace, bench terrace and contour trench will be constructed. Cultivation of commercial crops will be practiced in such places and irrigation facilities for dry season will be provided. (c) Gestation period treatment: The Permanent Horticulture crops planted in the 2nd Tier-Area will be mostly Orange, Hatcora, Nimbu, Litchi, Mango, Avocado and other cash crops. These crops will be harvested only after 5 years or more. During the

5 gestation period, farmers and cultivators will be encouraged and assisted to introduce annual cash crops to meet their daily weeks.

3. Third Tier-Agriculture Crop Area Treatment:

(a) Wet Rice Cultivation & Mixed Farming: In places of permanent cultivation, the land will be prepared in such a way that 2 – 3 crops can be planted in a year. This cannot be achieved with only the natural fertility of the land; therefore, provision will be made so that the cultivators can raise domestic animals in their farmland. The manure collected from animals can be used to fertilize the land making the crops produced in these farms entirely organic. Organic products are easier to export and have a larger market.

(b) Multiple cropping: If water and manure are available in plenty, farmers can plant different varieties of crop depending on the season. Even during the dry season, cultivation can be done and also permanent crops can be raised.

4. Rural – Urban migration: Due to lack of employment opportunities and for various other reasons, rural populations migrate to urban areas. In urban areas there is deficit of work due to large influx of population from rural areas, resulting in poverty and creating problem for resettlement to rural areas. Using IWMP this rural-urban migration is hoped to be kept in check by providing them with means for secure income.

5. Women empowerment: For an accelerated Socio-economic development of any community active participation of women is essential. In a social set up like ours, i.e., Patriarchal family system, the participation of women in the development process has to be ensured through tangible measures at various levels which result in empowerment of women in the real sense. This project will address to decrease the workload of women in the project area. Time spent for collecting drinking water will be reduced which will result in positive impact on the quality of life and health of women and the family. 6. Provision of livelihood for Asset-less families: The Asset-less families will be provided with a scope of micro-entrepreneurship, they will be assisted and trained to take up those activities identified under the project. Livestock farming, handicraft, mechanics, black smithy, Tin smithy, Petty trade etc. will be encouraged by the PIA for this Asset-less people. Necessary financial and technical support will be provided from the project fund.

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7. Creation of Assets: Using IWMP Project, plans are made to provide durable assets to the rural population. These assets will last long after the completion of this project and will be handed over to the public on completion of this project. The management, repair, renovation or augmentation of these assets will be the responsibility of the people. Plans are made in such a way that once the project is completed the public will be able to restore or augment these assets without Government help. A minimal charge will be collected from the user of these assets; this collection along with WDF will be used for maintenance of these assets.

8. Convergence with other Programmes: An opportunity for convergence with other programmes of Government of India and State Government will be opened for the Project area as well as beneficiaries and end-users. Convergence with other programme will be those which are not convenient to address from IWMP fund and those needing more fund and man days which could not be met from the said scheme. Beneficiaries will be encouraged to utilize such fund received by them from other sources for enhancing their activity in the project area. However, parallel funding of same activity in the same project area will be accounted separately to avoid duplicity of utilization of fund. Care should be taken to check misappropriation of fund. All scheme funds should be utilized in a holistic and judicious manner.

9. Connectivity of the Project Area: Even though, IWMP is silent on the provision of connectivity to the project area, construction of road, bridges and culverts will be given priority to ease transportation of products from the project area. Connectivity will enhance works done per day per person since time for traveling to the project area from habitation will be less. Connectivity will also ensure better monitoring and supervision and implementation of works. Provision of connectivity should be done under the existing MG- NREGA or other State Schemes. An Annual Action Plan formulated by Gram Sabha of each project village will give priority on this convergence approach.

7 PROJECT PROFILE

Saiha : Saiha IWMP - IIII

Name of Watershed :1. Tuisumpui-II 2. Tuipui-1 3. Tuipui-II 4.Tuipui-III 5.Tuipui-IV Area of the project : 3410 Ha Cost of the project : 511.5 Lakhs (a) Central Share : 460.35 Lakhs (b) State Share : 51.15 Lakhs

Villages to be covered

(a) Tuisumpui (b) Phalhrang (c) Rawmibawk (d) Riasikah (e) Tuipui Ferry

1. Drainage System:

Sl Drainage system Description No. 1 Chhimtuipui Drainage Chhimtuipui river, originates from the western part of system Myanmar near Vanum village at an altitude of 2,325m. It forms an international boundary line between India and Myanmar for a distance of 92.56Km. It also forms the district boundary between the two districts of Saiha and . Chhimtuipui river is the largest river in Mizoram by volume and as mentioned above the river drains the whole eastern and western parts of the district. Its important tributaries are Sala lui, Palak lui, Kawlawh lui, Kawlchaw lui, Tuitlawkpui lui and Tuisumpui. Palak lui is the one of most important tributaries of themain river from agricultureal and horticultural point of view. It is originated from Siasaikham hill range near Vahai (Old) village at an altitude of about 900 m above mean sea level. Sala lui originates from south western part of the district near Palak lake at an altitude of about 360 m above mean sea level covering a distance of about 29 Km. Sala lui also created a vast fluvial flood plain along its course making its valley suitable for agricultural and horticultural development. The drainage system shoes angulated; dendritic to sub-dendritic drainage patterns. 2 Tuisih Drainage Tuisih river originates from the north eastern part of the district system between Chhuarlung and Niawhtlang villages at an altitude of 1758 m above mean sea level. It flows southward Till it enters Muanmar republic in the southern tip of the state covering a distance of about 40 kilometers. Its important tributaries are Lope lui, Vahai lui, Razeipu lui, and Tlova lui. Drainage patterns of dendritic to sub-dendritic patterns are common within this watershed and as a whole the drainage system is

8 elongated in north to south direction. The fluvial flood plain located at various places are utilized for paddy cultivation with rainfed condition

2. Geomorphology: Area Geomorphic Sl.No Description (in % Unit Sq.Km) Medium Structural Hills include those which range in height from 800 m to 1200m. It is mainly found to surround the High Structural Hill with a very limited areal distribution. The Medium Structural Hill mainly covers the eastern part of the Medium longitudinal half of the district and is 1 379.80 27.13 Structure Hill found along Sisaikhao tlang, Aien tlang and Chawngvan tlang in the eastern part of the district. In addition, the Medium Sturctural Hill also covers Saiha town and its surrounding villages such as Maubawk, Saihatlang, Tuisumpui and Phalhrang villages

Low Structural Hills include those hills which rise below 800m. The Low 2 Low Structural Hill is predominantly high in 598.70 42.77 Structural Hill terms of areal extend than its counterparts and covers almost the entire district including Linear Ridge, Flood Plain and Valley Fill areas

3. Lithology: Rock types of sandstones which are fine to very fine grained, not too bluish grey to light brown in colour, compact and hard, thinly bedded, rarely yellowish brown, medium grained and friable are formed in Siata and Ainak area of the project. Shale and Siltstone, which are also dark grey to grey in colour and are usually splintery are formed in Siata and Ainak village area of the project.

4. Ground water Potential: In the low-lying areas including parts of flood plain and valley fills the ground potential of water is good. Siata and Ainak of the project area falls under this category of good ground water potential. The project area of Siata and Ainak where the recharge condition of water table and the water –yielding capacity of the ground is neither suitable nor poor. Hence, ground water potential is moderate and needs to be focused.

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5. Land use / Land cover : The land use and cover pattern in the project area can be classified as below:- Sl. Area Class Description % No (Sq.km)

Built-up land is area of human habitation, developed due Built-up to non-agricultural use and that has a cover of buildings, 1 land: transport and communications, utilities in association with 6.62 0.47 water, vegetation and vacant lands. Saiha district has one town i.e. Saiha and 52 village.

Agriculture These are lands primarily used for farming and for Land: production of food, fibre and other commercial horticultural crops. It includes land under crops (irrigated and un- irrigated, plantation etc.).

2.1 Kharif Kharif crop land refers mainly to the wet rice cultivation 5.01 0.36 2 areas located in the low lying plains Saiha district has an extensive flat land in and around Phura Village

This class includes, land which is being utilized for 2.2 plantation of cash crops. They include a variety of 2.20 0.16 Plantation agricultural/horticultural plantations, of which the prominent ones are Banana, and Citrus woodlands. This class includes natural forests, which are not disturbed by any biotic factors like shifting cultivation and 404.94 28.93 other human activities. The crown density of this class is Forest very thick. Sub-tropical forest, evergreen and semi- 3.1 Dense evergreen forests covers major portion of this class The forests that have a crown cover neither too thick nor too thin are classed under this category 211.00 15.07 The forest under this category has a thin crown cover. 3.2 Medium This type of forest includes forest, which were once Dense disturbed and affected by biotic factors like shifting 3 cultivation and human activities. These forests are characterized by those lands where shifting cultivation had 220.69 15.77 3.3 Less been practiced and then left fallow for over a year; the Dense resultant new vegetation of which, regenerated to form new forests.

Moist deciduous bamboo forest is not as abundant in Saiha district as compared to other districts except 3.4 Champhai. It is mostly found in low-lying areas near Bamboo streams and rivers. 323.72 23.12

Forest plantations are distributed throughout the district. Some has large coverage while most of them have area below the minimum mapable unit. The prominent 3.5 Forest forest plantations are Teak (Tectona grandis), Michelia Plantation (Michelia champaca), Gamari (Gmelina arborea) and Pine 4.25 0.30 (Pinus kesiya).

Shifting It is a traditional practice of growing crops on 4 Cultivation forested/vegetated hill slopes by slashes and burn 44.33 3.17 4.1 Current method. These are associated with mountainous/hilly

10 Shifting areas amidst forest cover and forest cleared areas. Cultivation These are areas that were under shifting cultivation, 4.2 left idle for more than one year but less than three years 145.46 10.39 Abandoned thereby giving scope for the regeneration of the secondary Shifting vegetation especially bamboo or grasses. Cultivation These lands are generally prone to deterioration due to Scrub erosion. They generally occupy topographically high 19.72 1.41 5 Land locations, excluding hilly/mountainous terrain. They possess sparse vegetation with thin soil cover. This category comprises areas with surface water, 6 Water body either impounded in the form of ponds, lakes or flowing as 11.94 0.85 streams and rivers etc. Total 1399.90 100.00

6. The soils of the Project Area : Since the Project Areas lies below 677 m from MSL and above 214 MSL. Loamy skeletal soil and Fine loamy Soil are found which are mostly formed by Typic Udorthents, Typic Dystrochrepts, Typic Hapludults, Umbric Dystrochrepts and Humic Hapludults. In the low lying area where Serlui ‘A’ poured its water to Tlawng river, the soils are mostly Aquic Dystrochrepts, Fluventic Dystrochrepts and Fluvenic Umbric Dystrochrepts. Most of the activity under the project will be at Hill Slope with 10% - 45% slope, here the soils are mostly Humic Hapludults, Umbric Dystrochrepts, Typic Hapludults and clayey Typic Dystrochrepts.

7. Land Holding: The Village Council, which is the authorized body to allot sites to the villager, can issue House Passes within the limit of the Village Area. However, the village council also issue passes and allotted land even though they are not authorize to do so beyond the village limit which were called ‘V.C. Passes’. If the allotee properly utilized the land so allotted, his ownership was always accepted by the Government. In this ways V.C’s leased out a big portion of land lying between the village area and the jhum land. Also in some cases, there are periodic patta passes issued by Revenue Department. However, in remote areas, V.C was the sole authority to issue passes.

8. Rainfall : Although pre-monsoon rains break in from the early part of March with occasional thunder-storms, the monsoon period really starts from the middle week of April and the peak period is in the month of July to August. It declines gradually and ceases during November. Occasional showers of low to medium intensity also occur during the period from December to February due to the influence of the retreating monsoon.

The rainfall recorded during 2006 -2007 is 2534.5 mm and 3410.71 mm respectively.

The minimum & maximum temperatures between 1986 – 2008 recorded during January was 70C min - 260C man, during April was 130C min – 350C max, During July was 180C min - 340C max.

9. Ethnology : The Project Area is inhabited by Mara tribe.

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The following figure shows percentage of inflation in various commodities.

Commodity 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010 (dec)

Rice 16.54 20.3 20.88 24.67 27 Masur Dal 42.75 56 73.75 76.28 71 Pork 102.5 122 145 150.42 160 Beef 112.5 123.75 146.25 159.58 175 Fish 112.5 114.28 131.25 142.95 145 Milk 28.87 27.62 30.63 32.73 37 Potato 12.69 12.5 14.5 22.42 24 Sugar 25 23.62 27.25 34.43 45 LPG 306.63 305.63 325 320.44 361

Sources: AH&Vety Department

Area & Production Major crops (2009-2010)

Sl Name of Crop 2009-2010 2010-2011 No Area ‘000 Ha Prodn ‘000 Ha Area ‘000 Ha Prodn ‘000 Ha Cereals: 1 Rice 47.2 46.3 40.67 46.9 2 Maize 8.31 11.14 8.81 12.7 Total of Cereals 55.51 57.44 49.48 59.6 Pulses: 1 Arthar 0.2 0.12 9.74 1.1 2 Rice Bean 0.72 0.9 0.2 0.2 3 Other Pulses 2.39 2.98 2.54 3.4 Total of Pulses 3.31 4.0 12.48 4.7 Oil Seed: 1 Sesamum 1.1 0.75 1.2 1.9 2 Soyabean 1.3 2.1 1.01 0.7 Total of Oil Seed 2.4 2.085 2.21 2.6 G. Total 61.22 64.29 64.17 66.9 Target for 2011-2012 1. Production of Rice 52.000 MT 2. Increase productivity in WRC 1.7 - 2.5 MT/Ha 3. Increase productivity in Jhum 0.92 – 1.2 MT/Ha 4. Farm Power Availability 0.25 – 0.75 KW/Ha 5. Fertilizer consumption 42.07 – 60.00 Kg/Ha 6. Seed Replacement 30% in Paddy and 40% in Other crops 7. System of Rice intesification 500-3,000 Ha

12 HISTORY OF THE PROJECT VILLAGE

Tuisumpui

Tuisumpui is a village situated under Saiha Rural Development Block. The inhabitants of Tuisumpui village are the Mara.

With the effort and coordination put in by the village leaders and the Government development in the field of social and educational life could be clearly seen where as on today they have established one Middle School, two Primary Schools. Like other villages electric connection has been given from the Electric Department.

As found in other villages of Saiha District the establishment of the Non Government Organisations like MTP, MCHP are being followed here. The river found here is named Tuisumpui. The transport services available here is through Sumo vehicle.

BASIC INFORMATION

Educational Status

1 Primary School Government 2 Middle School Government 3 High School Government

Road Connectivity & Transportation

1 Bus Service Available 2 Maxicab Service Available

13 Phalhrang Phalhrang is a small village falling under Saiha Rural Development Block. The main inhabitants of Phalhrang village are Mara.

With regard to the area of education the village with the support and coordination of the village leaders and through the government have established one Middle School and two Primary Schools. As found in all other villages of Saiha District the formation of the Non-Government Organisation is found here which are called MTP and MCHP.

With the assistance rendered by the Government Schemes construction of road connectivity have been taken for many years. However as on today there is no available services through bus. Water sources is found from the river Tuilehluang.

BASIC INFORMATION

Educational Status

1 Primary School Government 2 Middle School Government 3 High School Government

Road Connectivity & Transportation

1 Bus Service Available 2 Maxicab Service Available

14 Rawmibawk Rawmibawk is a small village situated at Saiha District and this village falls under Saiha Rural Development Block. The main dwellers of Rawmibawk village are the Mara’s.

After the formation of this village one could see the changes made in the field of the social and educational life where a number of development arrived with the assistance of the Government Schemes. As on today, the support and effort of the villagers and the Government could be seen where one Middle School and two Primary Schools have been established.

As found in other villages of Saiha District the Non-Government Organisation like the MTP and MCHP have been established. The river found here is Chhimtuipui.

BASIC INFORMATION

Educational Status

1 Primary School Government 2 Middle School Government

Road Connectivity & Transportation

1 Bus Service Available 2 Maxicab Service Available

15 Riasikah Riasikah is a small village which is located at Saiha District and falls under Saiha Rural Development Block. The main dwellers of Riasikah are the tribe called ‘Mara’.

Since the formation of this village changes in the area of social, economic and educational life could be seen. Development through education could be seen from the number of Schools formed where at present there are one Middle School and two Primary Schools. The traditional social systems played an important role till today.

The Non-Government Organisation like the MTP and MCHP have been established here and performed a very important part in their day to day life.

BASIC INFORMATION

Educational Status

1 Primary School Government 2 Middle School Government

Road Connectivity & Transportation

1 Bus Service Not Available 2 Maxicab Service Available

16 Tuipui Ferry. Tuipui Ferry is a small village situated at Saiha District and falls under the jurisdiction of Saiha Rural Development Block. The main inhabitants of Tuipui Ferry village are the tribe called ‘Mara’ and ‘Lai’

With the assistance given by the Government and the support and effort put in by the village leaders Tuipui Ferry village have been able to established one Middle School and one Primary School as on today. Development in the area of road connectivity, water supply etc. have been experienced from the assistance of the government Schemes.

As found in other villages of Saiha District the Non Government Organisation called the MTP and MCHP have been formed and they as well played an active role in their day to day activities.

BASIC INFORMATION

Educational Status

1 Primary School Government 2 Middle School Government

Road Connectivity & Transportation

1 Bus Service Available 2 Maxicab Service Available

17 PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL (PRA)

The past experience of watershed has given tremendous input to focus on creating accountability of the stakeholders towards the programme. This has created an emphasis to include all the stakeholder communities and their local and Idigenous Technological Knowledge (ITK) while planning for any activity. Participatory approach provides a new path for planning, implementing, monitoring and post- withdrawal activities with a complete accountability of the stakeholders. Various PRA techniques like resource mapping, social mapping, and season calendars were used to understand the physical and social orientation of the village in general and watershed in specific. These tools put the villagers in ease than the complicated questionnaires. Various tools like Matrix ranking, Venn diagram were used to identify various local vegetations (apt for afforestation), Fodders crops, various institutions and their significance in the life of the farmers.

FINDINGS: The PRA exercise done in the project area revealed that the villages even after lengthy lecture and deliberate discussion could not make the difference between what they want and what they need. In each village the people thought that they need- a) Community hall with Badminton Court. b) Playground with a minimum size of 120m x 70m which is medium standard football ground. c) Internal roads and steps. d) Market or waiting sheds. e) Office building for various NGOs i.e., YMA, MHIP and MUP. f) Construction of roads under MG-NREGA to connect their jhum land.

In view of the above points, none of the above items except Sl /No. (d) and (f) could not alleviate poverty nor lighten the burden of loads they carry from their jhum land. Therefore, what seem to be their needs are actually what they want to have.

Then, in the second exercise of the PRA, the need of the people was revealed, what they want becomes negligible since their wants could not fulfill the needs of the rural populace. Therefore, the following points came up which will be addressed with various R.D. Programme. a) Water and moisture conservation for domestic and irrigation purposes. b) Land development for horticulture, agriculture and pisciculture. c) Afforestation and regeneration of village community land. d) Construction of link road to each potential area to ease transportation. e) Construction of storage facility and market infrastructure. f) Training and capacity building for rural artisans and their sponsorship to various institutions for up-gradation of skills.

18 PROBLEM TYPOLOGY

1 2 3 4 S. Proposed interventions to over come Problem area Problem analysis No problems

Soil Soil lost is immense due to direct Soil and moisture conservation will be Conservation rain drop resulting in soil erosion, done by way of construction of farm (slope, destruction of vegetative barrier, ponds, dug-out ponds, terracing, bench 1 erosion, soil decreased rainfall. Top soil loss terracing, half moon terrace, contour loss, rainfall, decreases fertility of the land trenching and planting trees, shifting productivity , resulting in less productivity. cultivation will be controlled. etc)

Decrease in vegetative barrier In order to utilize every drop of water in resulted in high run off speed of a meaningful way, all the streams in the Water rain water and less chance of project area will be tapped to irrigate conservation recharging water table. Direct sun farm land. Rain water will be harvested (water budget, 2 light also decreases the moisture in farm ponds, dug-out ponds and Ground water content of the soil. Once perennial water harvesting structures to recharge norms, streams become ephemeral. the ground water content. Check dams productivity) will be constructed in various places to make ephemeral streams into perennial streams.

Practice of shifting cultivation Permanent farming will be introduced in Crop coverage destroyed crops and vegetative the project area by three tier system. – { 80% of w/s coverage; Sporadic wild fire also Canopy areas will be treated to 3 area should be destroyed a vast portion of land regenerate forest, in the second tier with canopy} every year. Abandoned jhum land horticulture will be introduced; the third increases resulting in less tier will be covered with WRC and vegetative coverage Terrace for Agriculture activity.

Due to Loss of top soil, the The productivity will be enhanced by productivity of land decreases way of multiple cropping. Permanent tremendously, the productivity of crops will be introduced in slope areas, land in case of paddy is only 600 during the gestation period seasonal Agriculture Kg per acre, which is almost 50% and annual crops will be sown which productivity less than 10-15 years ago. The will doubled the income of the farmer. 4 (crop wise crop wise district average for major Organic manures will be used for compare with crops is as below:- enhancing the production as well as dist. Average) S.No Project Area Dist ensuring quality. Drip-irrigation will be Average provided to each farmer for irrigating (a) Paddy–600 Kg/Ac 750 Kg/Ac crops. WRC areas will be provided with (b) Maize-800 950 Kg/Ac open or pipe irrigation to enhance Kg/Ac productivity and enable farmer to sow (c) Banana–700 1000 more than once in their area. Kg/Ac Kg/Ac

Lack of grazing ground for milch Developing the existing pasture land animals, draught animals and with proper management and technical Livestock small ruminants. Lack of technical inputs for livestock farming. Training at 5 productivity know how of animal management, various identified institute to ensure remoteness of the project area growth and productivity. Developing and lack of financial support and infrastructures for production and infrastructure. marketing with logistic support.

19

No employment opportunities in Organizing the people to form SHG’s the project area to earn a living and imparting training at various Existing except in jhum lands where identified institutes, Door-step training Livelihood weeding is required. Lack of at local area for Old-aged and 6 activities for creativeness, training and financial handicapped persons. Developing Asset less support for such persons. infrastructures for production and persons marketing, provision of logistic support to the groups. The existing CBO’s i.e. YMA, Training for CBO’s/ VO’s in order to Community MHIP and MUP are not aware of enable them to facilitate the newly Based the importance of SHG’s and formed SHG’s and federation for their 7 Organisation & Federations and lack creativity growth and impart sense of ownership. Social capital and innovative mind. base

Capacity There is no proper capacity Capacity building will be held at regular Building building and awareness campaign. intervals. In order to ensure mass- (participation, participation, the time and venue 8 awareness of should be notified in advance to all watershed concerned. community Due to the implementation of In order to change the existing work- various employment generation culture, comprehensive plan should be schemes, the people are used to worked out to ensure better profits from earning their livelihood easily works done by each individual. Ensure Work Culture without much toil and sweat. They market for each produce and induce 9 of Labour became irresponsible and forget the spirit of ownership of every work force the Mizo work culture where every done. Every one should be made to family is self-sufficient. deliver considerable effort for his and his family’s self-sufficiency without external support. During the implementation of The Village Council in consultation with NLUP and MIP in Mizoram, Revenue Department, Government of community land available for Mizoram should declared the allotment Land jhuming was distributed to every of land to those allotees null and void, 10 ownership family at the rate of 4 Acres. Even and re-distribute the land to deserving Pattern after the dis-continuance of the families who are willing to take up the programmes, the allotee usually activities under IWMP. claimed their land allotted to them even if they could not look after it. Due to lack of foresight, the village Village Authorities will be made authorities could not formulate conscious of the importance of plans to connect every potential connectivity to the potential project Connectivity of area with roads to ease areas. They will make fund available for Watershed transportation of produces construction of road connectivity under 11 Area and resulting in heavy burden for every available schemes. This will ease Potential farmers and cultivators. transportation of produces, reduce the Areas cost of transportation and market price of the produce, it will also decrease time taken for the produces to reach markets. Even though the produces of the Produces will be quantified at least locality is of small quantity, it three-folded in each item to enable the Marketing of 12 became too much for local farmers to sell outside the locality. produces consumption, but too little for Transportation arrangement will be outside market. made at watershed committee level to

20 ensure that those produces reach the market within 24 hours.

Due to lack of storage facilities for Cold storage facilities will be applied in storing Horticulture products in the concerned Department under the Storage of local area, the products became Government of Mizoram where every 13 produces. rotten in a short span of time, then beneficiary will deposit their produces farmers and cultivators not only before sending them to the market. losses but are also demoralized. Bank officials will be made to Due to lack of Banking participate more in the implementation infrastructure in remote villages, of the project where they could fetch a credit linkage and banking good return. The dormancy of service 14 Credit Linkage assistance are out of reach for the area of each banks will be made to rural populace. revive, in return, the loanees will be made to recover their loans in regular intervals so that the bank, the loanees and SHG will be more profitable. Recent establishment of R-SETI at There are only a few training Zemabawk, KVK Saiha and Farmers facilities and institutions for the Training Centre at Selesih will help rural artisans, even though the upgrade the rural artisans, farmers and Lack of existing ones are almost out of micro entrepreneurs. Sponsorship will Training reach for them due to lack of be done from training and capacity Infrastructure sponsorship and financial support building fund of the project. Whenever 15 and for upgradation of skills. possible, private trainers will be Institutional engaged to impart in – house/Door Support and Step training to old aged pensioner, Sponsorship widows and handicapped persons. Up- gradation of skill will enable the produces of rural artisans to compete in the open markets.

Focus will be set to those areas Due to Bamboo flowering in 2007, selected under the project to control 2008 &2009, vast bamboo forest wild fire, controlled burning and watch Sparodic wild was covered with dried bamboos. of wild fire will be introduced. 16 fire Some miscreants used to set fire Comprehensive Plan will be evolved at causing destruction of new young Village Level to create awareness. plants coming up. Village Level Authority will be encouraged to punish and fine those who caused such wild fire. 17 Time Due to lack of efficient time The PIA will be advised to opened a Management management, Valuable time have Site Office within his IWMP Project been thrown away which could be Area for better co-ordination with the utilized in an efficient manner if Watershed Committees, User Group, management have been properly Self-Help Groups, and the arranged beneficiaries. All programmes of training, awareness, capacity buildings and field visits will be notified in advance so that there will be no lapsed in the part of the PIA nor the end users.

21

PROJECT INTERVENTION PLAN

Tuisumpui Phalhrang Rawmibawk Riasikah Tuipuiferry TOTAL Sl. Allocatio Physical Allocatio Allocatio Allocatio Name of works % Physical in Physical in Allocation Physical Allocation Physical Physical NO n in in n in n in n in No.& Ha No.& Ha in rupees in No.& Ha in rupees in No.& Ha in No.& Ha rupees No.& Ha rupees rupees rupees Preparation of 1 1 1 100500 1 105750 1 159450 1 49500 1 96300 1 511500 DPR Entry Point 2 4 2 405000 2 423000 2 637800 1 198000 2 385200 9 2046000 Activities Institution & 3 5 NA 502500 NA 528750 NA 797250 NA 247500 NA 481500 NA 2557500 Capacity Building Productivity 4 10 89 1005000 94 1057500 142 1594500 44 495000 86 963000 455 5115000 Enhancement Livelihood for 5 9 80 904500 85 951750 127 1435050 39 445500 77 866700 408 4603500 Asset less Natural 6 Resources 56 501 5628000 526 5922000 794 8929200 247 2772000 479 5392800 2547 28644000 Management Monitoring & 7 2 NA 201000 NA 211500 NA 318900 NA 99000 NA 192600 NA 1023000 Evaluation Consolidation 8 3 NA 301500 NA 317250 NA 478350 NA 148500 NA 288900 NA 1534500 Phase 9 Administration 10 LS 1005000 LS 1057500 LS 1594500 LS 495000 LS 963000 LS 5115000 TOTAL OF SL.NO (4,5& 6, PHYSICAL) 100 670 10050000 705 10575000 1063 15945000 330 4950000 642 9630000 3410 5150000 FINANCIAL OVERALL

22

DPR PLAN ABSTRACT Rs in lakh Installment 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year TOTAL Component Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin

DPR (1%) 5.115 5.115

EPA (4%) 20.46 20.46

I&CB (5%) 5 2.5575 26 12.7875 9 4.731375 6 2.941125 5 2.5575 51 25.575 Production System & Micro 23 5.115 68 15.345 68 15.345 68 15.345 227 51.15 Enterprise (10%)

Livelihood (9%) 20 5.115 61 15.345 61 15.345 40.92 10.23 184 46.035

Natural Resource 341 38.3625 690 77.6201 690 77.6201 825 92.8373 2546 286 Management (56%)

Monitoring (1%) LS 1.023 LS 1.023 LS 1.023 LS 2.046 5.115

Evaluation (1%) LS 1.5345 LS LS 1.79025 LS 1.79025 5.115

Consolidation Phase (3%) 15.345 15.345

Administration (10%) LS 2.5575 LS 7.6725 LS 13.8105 LS 13.8105 LS 13.299 51.15

TOTAL 5 30.69 410 71.61 829 127.88 825 127.88 939 153.5 511.5

23 PREPARATORY PHASE

SAIHA DISTRICT : MIZORAM NAME OF THE PROJECT : SAIHA-III

Amount Estimated Name of Expenditure Expected Actual earmarked EPA Planned Cost Balance Village incurred outcome Outcome for EPA (in Rs.) Tuipuiferry 350000 Constn. of Waitingshed 350000 350000 Nil 1 1 Nil Riasikah 346000 Constn. of Bazar Shed 346000 346000 1 1 Nil Rawmibawk 450000 Constn. of Horti. Godown 450000 450000 1 1 Nil Phalhrang 350000 Constn. of Bazarshed 350000 350000 1 1 Old Nil 200000 Constn. of public Bathroom 200000 200000 1 1 Tuisumpui Nil Tuisumpui 350000 Constn. of Waitingshed 350000 350000 1 1 2046000 2046000 Total 2046000 6 6

24 Work Plan Details

Total Funds Allocated for Watershed work Phase (75%) :Rs. 383.625 Lakhs Total Area to be treated : 3410 Ha/unit.

WORK PLAN DETAILS Rs in Lakh Sl No. Watershed Development works (56%) 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year Total (a) Afforestation 32 3.644 66 7.3739 69 7.762 83 9.284 249 28.644 (b) Horticulture 32 3.644 66 7.3739 69 7.762 83 9.284 249 28.644 (c) Land Development/WRC 32 3.644 66 7.3739 69 7.762 83 9.284 249 28.644 (d) Soil & Moisture Conservation 15 1.726 31 3.4929 34 3.881 41 4.642 122 14.322 (e) Others 9 1.036 14 1.5524 34 3.881 41 4.642 99 14.322 Sub Total (a) 122 13.7 241 27.167 276 31.048 330 37.13 969 114.576 i.Bench terracing 26 2.8 66 7.3739 69 7.762 83 9.284 243 28.644 ii. Contour & Graded Bunds 1 16 1.726 31 3.4929 34 3.881 41 4.642 123 14.322 iii. Earthen checks 7 0.767 14 1.5524 14 1.5524 17 1.857 51 5.7288 iv. Gully Plugs/Loose boulders,. Etc. 7 0.767 16 1.7853 21 2.3286 25 2.785 68 8.5932 Sub Total (b) 55 6.061 126 14.204 138 15.524 165 18.57 485 57.288 (g) Water Harvest Structure

i. Farm Pond/ Percolation tank 44 4.987 86 9.7025 103 11.643 124 13.93 358 42.966 ii.Rain Water Harvest Structure 17 1.918 31 3.4929 34 3.881 41 4.642 124 14.322 iii.Community Water Tank 43 4.795 90 10.091 103 11.643 124 13.93 360 42.966 iv.Others/Gravitational Pipeline 17 1.918 23 2.6391 34 3.881 41 4.642 116 14.322 Sub Total (c) 121 13.62 230 25.925 276 31.048 330 37.13 958 114.576 Sub Total (a+b+c) 297 33.38 598 67.297 690 77.62 825 92.84 2410 286.44

25

Livelihood Activities for Assetless (9%) No. of Beneficiaries on 2 farm activities 4 1.023 12.28 3.069 12.28 3.069 8.184 2.046 37 9.207 No. of Beneficiaries on off-farm activities 16 4.092 49.1 12.276 49.1 12.276 32.736 8.184 147 36.828 Sub Total (d) 20 5.115 61.38 15.345 61.38 15.345 40.92 10.23 184 46.035

Production System & Micro Enterprise (10%) Area/ Beneficiaries on Farm activities

i. Sericulture 0.256 4 0.7673 4 0.7673 4 0.767 11 2.5575

ii. Fisheries 0.256 4 0.7673 4 0.7673 4 0.767 11 2.5575

3 iii. Beekeeping 0.256 4 0.7673 4 0.7673 4 0.767 11 2.5575

iv. Micro- enterprise 7 1.535 21 4.6035 21 4.6035 21 4.604 70 15.345

v. Poultry 5 1.023 14 3.069 14 3.069 14 3.069 47 10.23

vi. Piggery 5 1.023 14 3.069 14 3.069 14 3.069 47 10.23 vii. Others 4 0.767 11 2.3018 11 2.3018 11 2.302 35 7.6725 Sub Total (e) 20 5.115 70 15.345 70 15.345 70 15.35 230 51.15 Grant Total (a+b+c+d+e) 337 43.61 730 97.987 821 108.31 936 118.4 2824 383.625

26

Livelihood Activities for Assetless 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year Total (9%) Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin No. of Beneficiaries on farm 8 90000 15 168750 15 168750 15 168750 15 168750 68 765000 2 activities No. of Beneficiaries on off-farm 20 225000 80 900000 80 900000 80 900000 80 900000 340 3825000 activities Sub Total 28 315000 95 1068750 95 1068750 95 1068750 95 1068750 408 4590000 Production System & Micro 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Enterprise (10%) Area/ Beneficiaries on Farm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 activities i. Sericulture 6 67500 6 67500 6 67500 6 67500 6 67500 30 337500 3 ii. Fisheries 3 33750 6 67500 6 67500 6 67500 6 67500 27 303750 iii. Beekeeping 3 33750 6 67500 6 67500 6 67500 6 67500 27 303750 iv. Micro-enterprise 13 146250 22 247500 22 247500 22 247500 22 247500 101 1136250 v. Poultry 10 112500 20 225000 20 225000 20 225000 20 225000 90 1012500 vi. Piggery 10 112500 20 225000 20 225000 20 225000 20 225000 90 1012500 vii. Others 10 112500 20 225000 20 225000 20 225000 20 225000 90 1012500 Sub Total 55 618750 100 1125000 100 1125000 100 1125000 100 1125000 455 5118750

Grant Total (1+2+3) 330 3712500 770 8662500 770 8662500 770 8662500 770 8662500 3410 38362500

*The share of each project villages will be at the ratio of 19.64%, 20.67%, 31.17%, 9.7% & 18.82% for Tuisumpui, Phalhrang, Rawmibawk, Riasikah & Tuipui Ferry respectively.

27

CONSOLIDATION & WITHDRAWAL PHASE SAIHA DISTRICT: MIZORAM

NAME OF THE PROJECT : SAIHA - III: COMMON PROPERTY RESOURCES TARGET ACHIEVEMENT Estimated Area Mandas Actual no Name of Activity WDF Treated Target Area under Estimate Expected no of Expenditure of WDF Village Proposed Contribu- under the activities Ha Expenditure Beneficiaries incurred Benefic- TOTAL WOMEN Collected tion the iaries activity

After completion of the Project, all the common properties within the project area under Watershed Management Works i.e. Gravity pipeline, Open – Irrigation Channel, Water Harvesting Structures should be entered in this table during consolidation phase. Contribution toward Watershed Development Fund which is 5% of the expenditure incurred in that particular area should be collected from the beneficiaries. MIS-TABLE-M(PA) C1

This fund will be utilized for maintenance, repair, renovation of the Assets (CPR) created under the project fund after exit protocol. This MIS-table is an Assets Register of the project; therefore, entry should be correct in all respects.

28 CAPACITY BUILDING INSITTUTIONS IDENTIFIED FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF IWMP IN SAIHA DISTRICT: MIZORAM

Sl.No Name of Institution Type Specialization 1 State Institute of Rural Development Kolasib State Government Rural Development & Watershed Management Mizoram

2 Extension Training Centre Thingsulthliah, State Government Rural Development & Watershed Management Mizoram 3 Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) Saiha, Mizoram Central Government Home Science, Animal Husbandry , Agriculture and allied subjects

4 Indian Council for Agricultural Research Central Government Agriculture, Horticulture and allied subjects (ICAR) Kolasib, Mizoram

5 Rural – Self Employment Training Institute Central Government Carpentry, Handloom, Knitting, Embroidery, (RSETI) Zemabawk, Mizoram Handicraft, Shoe repair etc.

6 Industrial Training Institute (ITI),Saiha. State Government Motor Mechanic, Electrician, Computer Science, Handloom & Handicraft

7 Farmers Training Center, Selesih, Mizoram State Government Livestock farming & Management

8 Weaving Centre, Luangmual State Government Weaving & Handloom

29 INSTITUTION AND CAPACITY BUILDING PLAN

NAME OF THE PROJECT : SAIHA-III

Name of Institution & Activities identified Financial Fish Farmers Targeted Training Centre R-SETI Zemabawk & ITI Year Sl.N Name of Activity Target in SIRD Kolasib, ETC DWCDC Saiha & Beneficiaries Lengpui,KVK Saiha Saiha. Weaving Centre lakhs Pukpui SLNA Mizoram & Farmer Training Luangmual. Centre Selesih

1 PIA & WDT 3 1.023 Concept of IWMP Watershed 29 1.023 Concept of IWMP 2 Committee

3 SHG & UG 26 1.023 Concept of IWMP

I Mobilization of Resources Beneficiaries 26 1.023 Concept of IWMP Management & Convergence 4

5 PIA, WDT & WC 34 1.023 Concept of IWMP Sub Total 118 5.115

Formation of Skill upgradation & Rural Artisans 34 1.023 1 SHG Management of products Formation of Skill upgradation and Livestock Farmers 41 1.023 2 SHG Animal Husbandry Gardening & Crop Formation of Multiple Cropping & II 45 2.046 3 Production SHG Crop Husbandry Micro Entrepreneurs Formation of 61 3.069 Marketing, Skill 4 & Petty Trade SHG upgradation & Skill Watershed Formulation of Formation of 47 3.069 development 5 Committee Action Plan SHG 10.23 Sub Total 229

30

Credit linkage and Skill upgradation & Rural Artisans 15 0.383625 Formation of UG Resources Management of products 1 mobilization Credit linkage and Skill upgradation and Livestock Farmers 30.69 0.76725 Formation of UG Resources Animal Husbandry 2 mobilization

Gardening & Crop Credit linkage and Multiple Cropping & IIII 51.15 0.76725 Formation of UG Production Resources Crop Husbandry 3 mobilization Credit linkage and Micro Entrepreneurs 38 0.76725 Resources Formation of UG Marketing, Skill 4 mobilization upgradation & Skill Credit linkage and development Petty Trade 33 1.150875 Resources Formation of UG 5 mobilization

Sub Total 168 3.83625

Credit linkage and Skill upgradation & Rural Artisans 0.76725 Resources Federation Management of products 1 15 mobilization Credit linkage and Skill upgradation and Livestock Farmers 0.383625 Resources Federation Animal Husbandry 2 38 mobilization Credit linkage and Gardening & Crop Multiple Cropping & IV 2.685375 Resources Federation Production Crop Husbandry 3 67 mobilization Credit linkage and Marketing, Skill Micro Entrepreneurs Resources Federation upgradation & Skill 4 mobilization development Credit linkage and Petty Trade Resources Federation 5 mobilization Sub Total 121 3.83625 31

Credit linkage and Skill upgradation & Rural Artisans Resources Management of products 1 mobilization Credit linkage and Skill upgradation and Livestock Farmers Resources Animal Husbandry 2 mobilization Credit linkage and Gardening & Crop Multiple Cropping & Resources Production Crop Husbandry 3 mobilization V Credit linkage and Micro Entrepreneurs 38 0.76725 Resources Marketing, Skill 4 mobilization upgradation & Skill Credit linkage and development Petty Trade 38 0.76725 Resources 5 mobilization Exit protocol, PIA & Watershed Consolidation of 41 1.023 withdrawal Committee Project 6 mechanism Sub Total 118 2.5575 GRAND TOTAL 754 25.575

* The PIA of the Project and Watershed Committee concerned will sponsored trainees to KVK, FTC, R-SETI and ITI Saiha as per the rate prescribe by the institution

 PIA & WC are advised to arrange training at their locality for handicapped, old aged, widows etc by engaging trainers

32

BASIC PROFILE OF THE LOCATION

Location of the watershed

Name of the district Saiha Name of the Mandal/Block RD Block

Name of the Gram Tuisumpui, Phalhrang, Name of the habitations Tuisumpui, Phalhrang, Rawmibawk, Panchayat (s) Rawmibawk, Riasikah, Riasikah, Tuipui Ferry. Tuipui Ferry.

Longitudes 92°56’00” – 93°01’59”E Latitude 22°28’18” – 22°37’45”N

Elevation from MSL:

Highest elevation in the 955 Lowest 143 Relief/ Height difference 912 watershed (above elevation in (mt) MSL) the watershed (above MSL)

33

Watershed Maps

34 35 36 37 INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS AND AGREEMENTS

District Level: At the district level, District Watershed Cell & Data Center (DWCDC) headed by a Project Manager has been constituted by the SLNA which will function as per the guidelines issued by Government of India. The Project Manager will be assisted by 3 to 4 Subject Matter Specialists of different discipline like agriculture, water management social Mobilization, preparation of DPR for implementation of watershed management programme in districts treatable area of more than 25,000 ha on the basis of district perspective and strategic plan prepared by DWCDC.

Project Level: At the project level, the PIA is responsible for implementation of IWMP with the help of WDT members of different disciplines. The PIA will be selected by the DWCDC and will be approved by the SNLA on the basis of criteria laid down in the guidelines.

Micro Watershed Level: At the Micro Watershed level, respective Watershed Committees are to be constituted by Gram Sabhas/traditional village councils. The Watershed Committees are directly responsible for implementation of various schemes as per DPR the Micro Watershed with technical guidance of WDT members. The Watershed Committee will take the help of SHGs of the respective Micro-Watershed while implementing the earmarked schemes.

38 SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE PIA

Strength: (1) Dedicated and experienced staff and a multidisciplinary team (2) Independent and well versed with the programme. (3) Strong linkages with district and local level institutions (4) Scientific planning in watershed projects with the help of MIRSAC, Aizawl (5) Block level monitoring, coordination & Co-operation Committee

Weakness: (1) No permanent office building within the project area. (2) Project area is located about 2-5 hrs drive from his headquarter. (3) Over burdened with other schemes like, NLUP and other farmers 4organization. (4) The beneficiaries are ignorant of the programme

Opportunities: (1) A number of different other development schemes of the government are running; so, there can be horizontal integration and convergence of programmes (2) Better financial provision under IWMP (3) Usage of new ICT tools like GIS, GPS and MIS

Threats: (1) Rainfall is difficult to predict and unreliable in the project area, the activities planned to be taken up may yield limited impact (2) Irregularities in fund flow can derail the smooth functioning (3) Lack of contribution and cooperation from local people (4) Political intervention may hamper the progress.

39 PIA AND WATERSHED COMMITTEE DETAILS, SAIHA – III

Name DHO Address Saiha. WDT Members:- 1 Lalhlupuii 2 Vabeibyhna 3 Jessy T.Lalchhuanawma 4 L.Lalnunhlima

DETAILS OF WATERSHED COMMITTEES: SAIHA – III

WATERSHED COMMITTEE : Tuisumpui

SL.No Representatives Designation 1 President Village Council 2 Members Village Council 3 President MTP 4 President MCHP 5 President MUP WATERSHED COMMITTEE : Phalhrang 1 President Village Council 2 Members Village Council 3 President MTP 4 President MCHP 5 President MUP WATERSHED COMMITTEE : Rawmibawk SL.No Name Designation 1 President Village Council 2 Members Village Council 3 President MTP 4 President MCHP 5 President MUP WATERSHED COMMITTEE : Riasikah SL.No Name Designation 1 President Village Council 2 Members Village Council 3 President MTP 4 President MCHP 5 President MUP WATERSHED COMMITTEE : Tuipui Ferry 1 President Village Council 2 Members Village Council 3 President MTP 4 President MCHP 5 President MUP

40 CONVERGENCE PLAN OF IWMP WITH OTHER SCHEMES

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Funds to be made Was this fund Level at which Names of Departments Sl Name of the available to IWMP included in Rs. Name of activity/ task/ structure to be undertaken with decision for with Schemes No Village due to convergence 15,000 per ha converged funds convergence converging with IWMP (Rs. In lakh) Yes No was taken$

Fund will be ear MG-NREGA marked for this Connectivity to Potential Area purpose during No V/C

formulation of AAP under MG-NREGA. SHG under SGSY Existing activity will be enhanced with the project fund, Block/Village SGSY/NRLM and MKSP will be identified, No SGSY , NRLM and MKSP Fund. level under IWMP 1. Since, the objective of NLUP and IWMP are the 1 Tuisumpui, same, convergence of the two programmes relating to financial assistance will be as follows:

Phalhrang, (a) The Unit Cost or assistance per beneficiary under NLUP will be Rs.1,00,000 Rawmibawk, approximately.

Riasikah, (b) Unit Cost or assistance per beneficiary under IWMP is Rs.10950. NLUP Tuipui Ferry. Implementing WDF & User Board & SLNA charges, Collection (c) Beneficiary under IWMP who received one NLUP No Centre. Selection of unit of assistance i.e. Rs.10950 will be

Crops. assisted with Rs.89050 under NLUP, and those who received two unit cost of Rs.21900 under IWMP will get 78100 from NLUP. If the beneficiaries under IWMP receive three or more unit cost, the assistance under NLUP will decreases gradually.

(d) The quantum of assistance to be received from the two programmes shall not exceed Rs.100000/- per beneficiary.

41 2. Beneficiaries of NLUP having land in the selected

watershed area will be allowed to enjoy the

facilities provided under IWMP only if the same is

not provided under NLUP. However, to enjoy this

provision, necessary contribution as WDF and user

charges should be contributed by NLUP Watershed beneficiaries. Committee level & Village 3. Provisions provided under NLUP such as collection Level centres of local produces, etc. will be share by beneficiaries under IWMP if the local NLUP Committee agreed to. 4. As far as practicable, the beneficiaries under IWMP will be encouraged to select crops introduced under NLUP to ensure one crop-one village theme.

42

EXPECTED OUTCOMES

Expected Outcomes

Till today, agriculture in Mizoram has been characterized mainly by Jhuming cultivation, unproductive methods of farming, degradation of land due to slash-and-burn practices and wasteful use of land and water. In short, it can be said that agricultural production in the state of Mizoram is very low due to improper management of land and water received by it. With proper training and sensitization efforts under IWMP, it is expected that the community will slowly but surely be persuaded to adopt permanent farming as a viable, sustainable and more profitable alternative to the shifting method of farming. Further, with the implementation of the programme, a significant amount of the run-off rain water will be harvested and utilized to irrigate cultivated land during the dry season and more areas will be brought under multiple cropping to optimize the usage of cultivable land. Although it may be presumptuous to predict a definite figure of growth in production, it is expected that an average increase of up to 10% in agricultural production will be possible if the watershed projects are successfully implemented.

The major outcomes expected are –

i) More natural sources of water lying untapped will be exploited and harnessed for drinking purposes. Also a number of traditional water bodies which are lying in a state of disrepair will be repaired and revived for use by the community.

ii) Rain water which normally runs off during the monsoons will be harvested in reservoirs and used for irrigation during part of the dry season.

iii) Underutilized, unutilized and ill-utilized natural resources will be efficiently utilized for need based production system to enhance productivity and prosperity in rain fed areas. Over 56% of activities in IWMP will be related to improvement of soil conservation measures, rain water harvesting programmes for all round livelihood improvement of these project areas and identifying the potential areas during the participatory rural appraisal exercise.

43 iv) 100% involvement of Gram Panchayats will be a direct and immediate outcome, which, in turn, is expected to translate into a larger community participation in watershed management projects, as well as the creation and maintenance of community assets.

v) Cultivation of high value horticultural crops, such as mushrooms, bird eye chilies, turmeric, ginger, broccoli, etc will be encouraged so as to improve the livelihood of farmers of the project areas.

vi) Increase in the production of floricultural plants such as anthurium, roses, lilium and chrysanthemum which have been explored at an experimental level and found to have tremendous commercial potential in the state.

vii) Revival of existing SHGs formed under SGSY and increasing their income potential under the programme will be thrust area within the project areas.

viii) Professionalisation of skills through capacity building

ix) Rejuvenation of forests and improvement of ecological balance.

x) Reduction in rural-urban migration as a result of permanent farming in rural areas.

xi) Better marketing opportunities through the village haats set up under SGSY.

Overall, these efforts will result in enhancing growth, farm income. Generated employment avenues and reduced poverty of the rural poor and improved productivity of natural resources will have a cascading effect on livelihood and the state’s economy as a whole.

44 EXPECTED /ESTIMATED OUTCOMES

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Sl Name of the Unit of Item Pre – project Status Expected Post-project Status Remarks NO Project measurement Depletion during dry Recharge through afforestation Status of water table Metre season and treatment under IWMP Ground water structure repaired/ - - 59 rejuvenated Impure during rainy Quality of drinking water - Pure after project intervention season Availability of drinking water Scarce Sufficient No irrigation facilities 200 Ha will be irrigated by Increase in irrigation potential Ha tapping streams Jhumming & Single Permanent farming & Change in cropping/ land use pattern cropping double/multiple cropping Area under agriculture crop i) Area under single crop Ha 5000 1700 ii) Area under double crop Ha 250 2355 1 SAIHA - III iii) Area under multiple crop Ha 150 1204 Net increase in crop production area Ha 1000 5260 Increase in area under vegetation Ha 12800 42000 Increase in area under horticulture Ha 10412 13499 Increase in area under fuel & folder Ha 7513 7371 Increase in milk production Ltr/animal/day 1.5 – 2.5 3.5 – 4.5 No.of SHGs Nos 5 28 Increase in no. of livelihoods Families 126 440 Increase in income Per head p.a 21000 42000 Migration Persons/year 10 - SHG Federations formed No - 3 Credit linkage with Banks No - 28 Resource use agreements No - 10 WDF collection & management Rupees - 766500 Summary of lessons learnt Mass-participation in Government programmes ensured success.

45 MONITORING AND EVALUATION

Monitoring and EVALUATION (M & E)

Monitoring and evaluation are two different management tools that are closely related, interactive and mutually supportive. Monitoring and evaluation enable us to assess the quality and impact of our works against our action plan and our strategic plan. Goals of monitoring: 1. Operational control 2. Quick feedback on project effectiveness 3. Timely alarm signals in the case of significant deviations 4. Ensuring full benefits to the target groups 5. Providing inputs for better design of development interventions, project planning and community mobilization. Evaluation is the comparison of actual project impacts against the agreed strategic plans. Goals of evaluation:

1. To assess the impact of the programmes and identify bottlenecks in implementation 2. To improve effectiveness of policies and programmes. At the district level, the DWCDC will have one member exclusively responsible.

For effective monitoring, the role of the SLNA is critical in ensuring the following:-

i) Internal monitoring by project teams (PIA/ DWDC) ii) Progress monitoring iii) GIS / Web based on line monitoring iv) Self monitoring by committees v) Sustainability monitoring vi) Social audits.

There will be a panel of evaluators approved by the SLNA. The evaluators will oversee the physical, financial and social impact of the work done. They should not act as inspectors but as facilitators. However, they will very strict in ensuring that guidelines are being followed. Fund release will depend upon on a favourable report from the evaluators.

Social audits will form an important component of the evaluation system. Social audits will be held once every six months. The minutes of the Social Audits will be compiled by the District Watershed Cell & Data Centre and necessary action will be taken by the DWC&DC and will also be forwarded to the SLNA. The SLNA will hold an assessment meeting subsequent to the submission of every such report, and decide the follow up action that is required to be taken.

46

PLAN AND ESTIMATES FOR VARIOUS ACTIVITIES

ESTIMATE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF LOW COST DUG OUT POND

1/ 2.03 Earthwork in excavation exclusive of compensation of earth in – b) Hard soil ½ x 2.80 x 2.80 x 2.78 = 9.73 cum 2.50 x 1.80 x 0.90 = 4.05 cum TOTAL = Rs.13.78 cum

(a) Rs.75.51/cum = Rs.1040.52

2/ 4.02 providing and laying cement concrete 1:2:4 etc

(a) All works up to foundation and plinth level

2.60 x 1.80 x 0.15 = 0.702 cum

(a) Rs.4270.23 = Rs.2997.70

3/ 6.01 half brick masonry with first class brick above and ground level etc.

(a) In cement mortar 1:3

2 x 2.50 x 1.20 = 6.00 sqm 2 x 1.80 x 1.20 = 4.32 sqm

TOTAL = 10.32 sqm

(a) Rs.567.99 / sqm = Rs.5861.65

4/ 18.09 12mm cement plaster

2 x 2.50 x 1.20 = 6.00 sqm cum 2 x 1.80 x 1.20 = 4.32 cum

1 TOTAL = 10.32 sqm

(a) Rs.129.80 = Rs.1339.53

GRAND TOTAL = Rs.11239.40 SAY = Rs.11250.00

( Rupees eleven thousand two hundred fifty ) only.

47 ESTIMATE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF PIG STY

1/ 2.08 Earthwork in excavation in foundation trenches etc. b) Hard soil

½ x 2.40 x 0.28 x 3.60 = 3.24 cum 6 x 0.30 x 0.30 x 0.90 = 0.486 cum TOTAL = 3.72 cum

(a) Rs.147.24/ cum = Rs.547.73 cum

2/ 8.02 supplying and fixing 2nd class straight jungle heart wood round posts and fix in position etc.

6 x 1.50 = 9.00 Rm

(a) Rs.199.44/ Rm = Rs.1794.96

3/ 8.04 providing 2nd class local wood work dressed in frames of sill, upright, batten, post, beams etc. as structural members fixed in position complete.

6 x 0.10 x 0.075 x 1.50 = 0.0675 cum 4 x 0.075 x 0.050 x 3.60 = 0.054 cum 6 x 0.075 x 0.050 x 2.40 = 0.054 cum 5 x 0.075 x 0.050 x 4.20 = 0.078 cum 20 x 0.050 x 0.050 x 3.60 = 0.18 cum 8 x 0.050 x 0.050 x 2.40 = 0.048 cum

TOTAL = 0.4815 cum

(a) Rs.9885.78/ cum = Rs.4760.00

4/ 14.01 providing CGS sheet roofing fixed with hooks, bolts, nut etc. e) 0.63 mm thick with zinc coating.

4.50 x 3.20 = 14.40 sqm

(a) Rs.287.91/ sqm = Rs.4145.90

GRAND TOTAL = Rs.11248.59 SAY = Rs.11250.00

( Rupees eleven thousand two hundred fifty ) only.

48 ESTIMATE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF STEEL WIRE MESH FOR CLIMBERS ie –chow chow, grape, passion fruit etc.

1/ 2.03 Earthwork in excavation in foundation trenches etc. b) Hard soil 20 x 0.30 x 0.30 x 0.75 = 2.83 cum

(a) Rs.205.02/ cum = Rs. 580.20

2/8.02 supplying and fixing 2nd class straight jungle heart wood round post and fixed in position.

20 x 1.20 = 24.00 Rm

(a) Rs.199.44/Rm = Rs.4786.56

3. Providing and fixing 4mm dia GI wire, fixed with necessary hooks, nails in position etc complete

30 x 16.00 = 480 Rm 40 x 17.50 = 700.00 Rm

TOTAL = 1180 Rm

(a) Rs.5.00/ Rm = Rs.5900.00

GRAND TOTAL = Rs.11266.76 SAY = Rs. 11250.00

( Rupees eleven thousand two hundred fifty ) only

49 ESTIMATE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF TERRACE

Length of terrace = 12.60 metres Width of terrace = 1.20 metres Nos. of terrace = 20 nos.

1/ 2.03 Earthwork in excavation exclusive of compensation of earth in- b) Hard soil

20 x ½ x1.20 x 0.985 x 12.60 = 148.932

(a) Rs.75.51/cum = Rs.11245.85

SAY = Rs.11280.00

( Rupees eleven thousand two hundred eighty ) only

50 ESTIMATE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF CHICKEN SHED

1/ 2.08 Earthwork in excavation in foundation trenches etc b) Hard soil 6 x 0.30 x 0.30 x 0.85 = 0.459 cum ½ x 2.40 x 0.75 x 3.60 = 3.24 cum TOTAL = 3.699 cum

(a) Rs.147.24/ cum = Rs. 544.64 cum

2/ 8.02 supplying and fixing 2nd class straight jungle heart wood round posts and fix in position etc.

6 x 1.50 = 9.00 Rm

(a) Rs.199.44/ Rm = Rs.1794.96

3/8.04 providing 2nd class local wood work dressed in frames of sill, upright, batten, post, beams etc. as structural members fixed in position complete.

6 x 0.10 x 0.075 x 1.50 = 0.0675 cum 8 x 0.050 x 0.050 x 2.40 = 0.048 cum 20 x 0.050 x 0.050 x 3.60 = 0.18 cum 4 x 0.75 x 0.050 x 3.60 = 0.054 cum 6 x 0.075 x 0.050 x 2.40 = 0.054 cum 5 x 0.075 x 0.050 x 4.20 = 0.078 cum TOTAL = 0.4815 cum

(a) Rs. 9885.78/ cum = Rs.4760.00

4/14.01 providing CGS sheet roofing fixed with hooks, bolts, nut etc e) 0.63 mm thick with zinc coating

3.20 x 4.50 = 14.40 sqm

(a) Rs.287.91/ sqm = Rs.4145.90

GRAND TOTAL = Rs.11245.13 SAY = Rs.11250.00

( Rupees eleven thousand two hundred fifty ) only.

51 ESTIMATE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF INDIVIDUAL WATER TANK

1/ 2.03 Earthwork in excavation exclusive of compensation of earth in- b) Hard soil ½ x 3.935 x 2.50 x 2.80 = 13.77 cum

(a) Rs.75.51/ cum = Rs.1039.77

2/ 4.02 providing and laying cement concrete 1:2:4 etc. a) all works up to foundation and plinth level

2.60 x 1.80 x 0.15 = 0.702 cum

(a) Rs.4270.23 = Rs.2997.70

3/6.01 half brick masonry with first class brick above and ground level etc. a) In cement mortar 1:3

2 x 2.50 x 1.20 = 6.00 sqm 2 x 1.80 x 1.20 = 4.32 sqm TOTAL = 10.32 sqm

(a) Rs.567.99/sqm = Rs.5861.65

4/ 18.09 12mm cement plaster

2 x 2.50 x 1.20 = 6.00 sqm cum 2 x 1.80 x 1.20 = 4.32 cum

1 TOTAL = 10.32 sqm

(a) Rs.129.80 = Rs.1339.53

GRAND TOTAL = Rs.11238.66 SAY = Rs.11250.00

( Rupees eleven thousand two hundred fifty ) only

52 DRAWING FOR VARIOUS ACTIVITIES

1. DRAWING FOR GI WIRE MESH FOR CLIMBERS

HEART WOOD POST

30 M

40 M

GI WIRE

53

2. PLAN AND DRAWING FOR PIG STY

SPACE FOR PIC HEART WOOD POST 1.20 X 1.80 2.40 m

3.60m

PLAN

GCI SHEET ROOF

0.90m

1.20 m

1.20 m

0.60 m

0.90 m

FRONT ELEVATION

54

3. PLAN AND DRAWING FOR INDIVIDUAL WATER TANK

1.80 m

BRICK WALL

1.20 m BRICK WALL

2.50 m

55 4. PLAN AND DRAWING FOR CHICKEN SHED

HEART WOOD POST

SPACE FOR CHICKEN 2.40 m

3.60 m

PLAN GCI SHEET ROOFING

1.20 m

0.90 m G.L

0.90 m

FRONT ELEVATION

56 5. DRAWING FOR LOW COST DUG-OUT POND

1.80 m

2.50 m

PLAN

G.L

BRICK WALL 1.20 m

PCC 1:2:4

ELEVATION

6. PLAN AND DRAWING FOR TERRACE

57

TERRACE 1.20 12.60 X 1.20

0.30

12.60 m

HILL SLOBE

TERRACE

CROSS SECTION

MICRO-WATERSHED WORK PLAN FOR ONE CLUSTER AREA UNDER IWMP

58

I- TIER. RIDGE AREA

AFFORESTATION + REGERATOPM + CONTOUR SUNDS + CONSTRUCTION OF WATER BODIES – TO CHARGE WATER SOURCES

II- TIER Ephemeral HORTICULTURE Streams

CROP AREA become Perenial

SPECIFIED SPACING + WATER SUPPLY WITH CROPS IN TERRACING, HALF MOON TERRACE ETC.

III – TIER AGRICULTURE CROP AREA

AGRICULTURE CROPS, PISCICULTURE WITH REGULAR WATER SOURCES, (MULTIPLE CROPS WILL BE INTRODUCED.)

RIVER / RIVULETS

59 60

61