Acknowledgments

Acknowledgments Any historian is indebted to the work of other scholars. In my case, the inspiration and encouragement of Brian Harrison of Oxford, Roy MacLeod of Sussex, Lloyd Steven- son of Johns Hopkins, and Robert Young of Cambridge were indispensable, and I am deeply grateful. Others to whom I owe thanks include Dennis Chitty and William Gibson of the University of British Columbia, who first interested me in the history of science and medicine and who helped me to get an institutional foothold in the field; Alistair Crombie of Oxford, who, as my supervisor, has been extraordinarily indulgent of my intellectual enthusi- asms; Charles Webster of Oxford, whose encouragement and criticism were most valuable on many occasions; Sir Edgar Williams, Warden of Rhodes House, Oxford, for his support and especially for his dazzling demonstration of the old boy network in action, in obtaining for me access to restricted government documents; Jeanne Peterson of Indiana University, whose knowledge of the London medical profession helped me greatly; and Dr. R. J. Lebowich, of New York, London, and Athens, for his kindness and unfailing support. A number of my colleagues were good enough to permit me to read and quote from as yet unpublished studies, and I thank Gerald Geison ("Michael Foster and the Rise of the Cambridge School of Physiology, 1870-1900," Yale University Ph.D. thesis, 1970), Frank Turner ("Between Science and Religion: The Reaction to Scientific Naturalism in Late Victorian England," Yale University Ph.D. thesis, 1971), Jeanne Peterson ("Kinship, Status, and Social Mo- bility in the Mid-Victorian Medical Profession," University [vi] Acknowledgments of California at Berkeley Ph.D. thesis, 1972), Paul Crane- field (The Way In and the Way Out. Frangois Magendie, Charles Bell and the Roots of the Spinal Nerves, New York, 1974), Robert Young ("Natural Theology, Victorian Periodicals, and the Fragmentation of the Common Con- text," Victorian Studies, in press), and Brian Harrison ("Animals and the State in Nineteenth-Century England," English Historical Review, lxxxviii (1973), 786-820). This book has benefited greatly from the criticism and suggestions of those who have read all or part of the manuscript upon which it is based, among whom are Sydney Eisen, Gerald Geison, Brian Harrison, Jack Lesch, Jerrold Seigel, Tom Settle, Lloyd Stevenson, James Turnei-, Steven Turner, Robert Young, and an anonymous referee for the Princeton University Press. For their valuable comments and their forebearance, I thank them. The disparity between their ideals and the reality of this volume is of course my own responsibility. Finally, to my colleague at Princeton, Gerry Geison, I must extend special gratitude, not only for his intellectual aid, but most importantly, for his friendship and encouragement. The staffs of many libraries have assisted in the research upon which this book is based. Eric Gaskell and Eric Free- man of the Wellcome Institute of the History of Medicine were particularly kind to a fledgling scholar who combined inexperience with impatience. Klaus Beltzner and Leo Fahey of the Science Council of Canada helped in the processing and presentation of the statistical data in the final chapter. My research was carried out with the financial support of a Rhodes Scholarship, a Canada Council Pre-Doctoral Fellowship, and a Canada Council Social Sciences and Humanities Grant. I am grateful to the following institutions for permission to quote from unpublished manuscript material held in their archives: the British Museum, the Imperial College of Sci- ence and Technology, University College London, the Royal Botanic Gardens, the Wellcome Institute of the His- Acknowledgments [vii] tory of Medicine, the Bodleian Library of Oxford Univer- sity, the Woodward Library of the University of British Columbia, the New York Academy of Medicine, and the Henry Huntington Library of San Marino, California. Tran- scripts of Crown-copyright records in the Public Record Office appear by permission of the Controller of H.M. Sta- tionery Office. I also wish to thank the following individuals for permission to quote from the letters of their ancestors: the Earl of Derby, the Earl of Carnarvon, Sir Philip Christi- son, Dr. Noble Frankland, and Sir Robert Foster. For their assistance and their permission to reproduce many of the illustrations included here, I am grateful to the Wellcome Institute of the History of Medicine, the British Museum Newspaper Library, and the Tate Gallery. .

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