DOCSLIB.ORG

Morphology and Ultrastructure of Megaspores and Microspores of Isoetes Sehnemii Fuchs (Lycophyta)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Morphology and Ultrastructure of Megaspores and Microspores of Isoetes Sehnemii Fuchs (Lycophyta) “main” — 2010/4/30 — 14:18 — page 341 — #1 Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências (2010) 82(2): 341-352 (Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences) ISSN 0001-3765 www.scielo.br/aabc Morphology and ultrastructure of megaspores and microspores of Isoetes sehnemii Fuchs (Lycophyta) , CECILIA MACLUF1 2, MARTA MORBELLI1 and GABRIELA GIUDICE2 1Cátedra de Palinología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina 2Cátedra de Morfología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina Manuscript received on July 22, 2008; accepted for publication on August 31, 2009 ABSTRACT The morphology and wall ultrastructure of megaspores and microspores of Isoetes sehnemii that grows in Brazil were analyzed as part of the study of the Isoetaceae present in Southern South America. The observations were performed with light, scanning and transmission electron microscopes. The megaspores are trilete, 350-450μm in equatorial diameter. The surface is reticulate. In section, the sporoderm is 100μm thick including the ornamentation. The wall is composed of a siliceous perispore, which consists of short fused flatten, elements forming a three-dimensional mesh. The exospore has two zones of different structure. The endospore is fibrillar. The microspores are monolete, 21-27μm in equatorial diameter. The sporoderm is composed of a sporopollinic rugulate perispore. A space between the para- exospore and the exospore is evident. The exospore is compact. The endospore is fibrillar. The ultrastructural analysis makes homologies evident concerning structure and organization of the layers below the perispore in both spore types. A possible similarity and stability in the ultrustructure of the present spores and fossils could be also inferred. In addition, there would be a correlation among the plant habitat, the spore ornamentation and the geographic distribution. Key words: Lycophyta, Isoetes, Brazil, spores, ultrastructure, sculpture, Palynology. INTRODUCTION Eckert described and typified the Isoetes sehnemii Fuchs in the Flora Ilustrada Catarinense (1986). The Isoetaceae constitute a family with a wide distribu- Systematic (Pastore 1936, Capurro 1968) and tion. They live from mild to warm regions of all the floristic (de la Sota et al. 1998) aspects of Isoetes in continents, from sea level to near 4200 m. In southern southern South America have received some attention, South America, they are present in Argentina, Brazil, but little information can be found in those contribu- Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay. As part of the tions regarding palynological characteristics. In 2003, palynological study of the Isoetes that grow in this re- Musselman mainly studied the microspores of North gion, the morphology and ultrastructure of the spores of America species with scanning electron microscopy Isoetes sehnemii that grows in the state of Rio Grande (SEM). The microspores of some species of southern do Sul, Brazil, are analyzed. Fuchs-Eckert (1982) car- South America have been analyzed with SEM and trans- ried out an updated study of the South American species mission electron microscopy (TEM) by Macluf et al. of Isoetes and found a list of 64 taxa, among which the (2004). In 2006a, b, Macluf et al. analyzed with SEM I. sehnemi (nomen nudum) is included. Then, Fuchs- the microspores of all the species of Isoetes that grow in southern South America. In this analysis, a description Correspondence to: Cecilia Macluf E-mail: [email protected] of the adapted Isoetes sehnemii spores of Fuchs-Eckert An Acad Bras Cienc (2010) 82 (2) “main” — 2010/4/30 — 14:18 — page 342 — #2 342 CECILIA MACLUF, MARTA MORBELLI and GABRIELA GIUDICE (1986) is included. The joint study of microspores and drated by following the technique of Rowley and Nils- megaspores in taxa of Isoetes with electronic microscopy son (1972) using phosphate buffer and alcian blue (AB), has only been carried out for Isoetes savatieri Franchet and then the material was fixed with glutaraldehyde +1% by Morbelli (1980), Hickey (1985, 1986), Hickey et al. AB in phosphate buffer and postfixed with 1% osmium (2003) and Macluf et al. (2003b). The spores of other tetroxide (Os O4) in water plus 1% AB. The material species of Isoetes were examined with TEM by Lugar- was washed with phosphate buffer with AB, and then the don (1973, 1986), Robert et al. (1973), Prada Moral spores were dehydrated an increasing concentration of and Saenz de Rivas (1978), Tryon and Lugardon (1991), acetone and embedded in Spurr soft mixture. Semithin Taylor (1992, 1993) and Uehara et al. (1991). sections were stained with toluidine blue and observed In megaspores, a siliceous cover, a sporopolleni- with LM. Ultrathin sections were stained with 1% uranyl nous exospore and a well-developed endospore can be acetate for 15 min, followed by lead citrate for 3 min. The distinguished in the sections of mature megaspores, from samples were examined under a Zeiss T-109 microscope. the outside to the inside, respectively. In microspores, the sporoderm comprises the perispore forming the or- MATERIAL STUDIED namentation, the para-exospore, a compact exospore and Isoetes sehnemii. Brazil. Rio Grande do Sul, Faz do a fibrillar endospore. The term para-exospore (Lugardon Cerro, Vacaria, Río dos Refugiados. Sehnem 14629 1972) is used to refer to the group of several large super- (PACA); Río dos Refugiados, Fazenda Cedro, Vacaria. imposed elements located between the exospore and the Sehnem 17094 (PACA); Río dos Refugiados, afl. Antas, perispore (Macluf et al. 2006b). Vacaria. Sehnem 14987 (PACA). The aim of this work was to study the morpho- logical characteristics of megaspores and microspores RESULTS of Isoetes sehnemii using light (LM), scanning electron MEGASPORES (SEM) and transmission electron (TEM) microscopy, in μ order to determine whether those sculptural and struc- The megaspores are triletes (Plate I, 1-8), 350-450 m tural characteristics are reliable enough to be used for in equatorial diameter and subtriangular in polar view. systematic purposes, for being regarded as microspore The proximal face is convex and the distal one is hemi- and megaspore characters, whether they are coherent spheric in equatorial view (Plate I, 2). Each laesure is or not, and also to determine if the organization of the fused to the equatorial zone, which is low, slightly differ- sporoderm, the structure and the surface of both types of entiated from the ornamentation. Adjacent to the area, in the distal face, the girdle (cf. Tryon and Lugardon spores respond to the general characteristics of Isoetes. 1991, Taylor et al. 1993) shows the same ornamenta- MATERIALS AND METHODS tion as the rest of the spore (Plate I, 2). The surface is reticulate heterobrochate in both polar faces. The proxi- Spores were obtained from herbaria specimens housed at mal muri are lower compared to those of the distal face the Herbario Anchieta, Instituto Anchietano de Pesqui- (Plate I, 5). In the lumens, the background consists of sas, São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (PACA). anastomosed bars that form a three-dimensional mesh For LM, the material was mounted in glycerine- with irregular spaces (Plate I, 7). The terminal ends of jelly without any chemical treatment. Dimensions were some elements are joined and form echinulae. In the estimated for 25 spores per specimen. The minimum and muri, these echinulae are arranged on both sides of the maximum values in micrometers are given in the text. major axis of each wall, with its ends oriented towards For studies with SEM, the spores were handled the lumens (Plate I, 8). with moist brushes without any chemical treatment and placed on double-stick tape on bronze stubs. The sam- Megaspore wall structure and ultrastructure ples were coated with gold and examined under a Jeol JSM-35 CF microscope. The megaspore wall in section (Plate II, Plate III, Plate For studies with TEM, the dry material was hy- IV) from the outside to the inside is composed of a An Acad Bras Cienc (2010) 82 (2) “main” — 2010/4/30 — 14:18 — page 343 — #3 MORPHOLOGY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF Isoetes sehenemii SPORES 343 Plate I – Megaspores of I. sehnemii as seen with SEM – Figure 1 – Proximal view. The laesurae are low and are fused to the equatorial area, which is slightly developed. The sculpture of the silica cover is reticulate in both faces. Scale bar: 100μm. Figure 2 – Equatorial view. The distal face is at the top. The zone (arrow) marks the equator. The surface is reticulate in both polar faces. The girdle (arrowhead) has the same sculpture as the rest of the distal face. Scale bar: 100μm. Figure 3 – Detail of the silica surface proximally among the laesurae. The background is composed of a three-dimensional network of fused rodlets forming irregular spaces. Scale bar: 10μm. Figure 4 – Detail of the proximal surface showing the background with heterogeneous spaces. Some of the bars join and form echinulae. Scale bar: 2μm. Figure 5 – Distal view. The sculpture of the silica cover (Si) is reticulate. The muri are higher in this face than in the proximal face. Scale bar: 100μm. Figure 6 – Detail of the distal sculpture showing an irregular reticule. The muri are high. Scale bar: 20μm. Figure 7 – Detail of the distal surface. Background of a lumen consisting of a three-dimensional mesh of bars. Some of them are fused and form echinulae. Scale bar: 2μm. Figure 8 – Detail of the distal surface showing echinulae on both sides of the muri, with their ends towards the lumens. Scale bar: 5μm. siliceous cover (Si), a sporopolleninous exospore and 40μm thick, formed by short fused flattened elements an endospore; (Plate III, 12). forming a three-dimensional mesh and leaving their free The sporoderm is 100μm thick, including the muri ends at the surface.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Application of DNA Flow Cytometry to Aid Species Delimitation in Isoetes Author(S): Jay F
    Application of DNA Flow Cytometry to Aid Species Delimitation in Isoetes Author(s): Jay F. Bolin, Carmony L. Hartwig, Peter Schafran, and Slavko Komarnytsky Source: Castanea, 83(1):38-47. Published By: Southern Appalachian Botanical Society https://doi.org/10.2179/16-120 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.2179/16-120 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/ terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. CASTANEA 83(1): 38–47. DECEMBER Copyright 2018 Southern Appalachian Botanical Society Application of DNA Flow Cytometry to Aid Species Delimitation in Isoetes Jay F. Bolin,1*CarmonyL.Hartwig,1 Peter Schafran,2 andSlavkoKomarnytsky3,4 1Department of Biology, Catawba College, Salisbury, North Carolina 28144 2Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529 3Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081 4Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 ABSTRACT The genus Isoetes is known for morphological convergence and a relative paucity of useful gross morphological characters for identification.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography of Isoetes
    BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ISOETES ALLEN, B.M. 1975. A note on the distribution of Isoetes in the Cadiz Province, Spain. Fern Gaz. (U.K.) 11 (2-3): 163-164 (1975). ALONSO, PAZ, E. 1989. Notas sobre plantas nuevas o interesantes para la flora Uruguaya: 1. (Notes on new or interesting plants for the Uruguayan flora: 1.) Comun. Bot. Mus. Hist. Nat. Montevideo 5 (91): 1-4 (1989) - Isoetes pp.2-3 ALSTON, A.H.G. 1982. Isoetaceae: 1. In Steenis, C.G.G.J. van, Holttum, R. E., eds. Flora Malesiana, series 2. Pteridophytes, volume 1. The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff, Dr. W. Junk Publ. 62-64 (1982)- illus., chrom. nos., key. ANDREIS, C., RODONDI, G. 1987. Alcune stazioni di Isoetes echinospora Dur. nel Bresciano e osservazioni al SEM delle spore delle Isoetes della flora Italica. Natura Bresciana no.23: 119-130 (1986 publ. 1987) - illus., maps. 4, ANTHONY, N.C., & E.A. SCHELPE, 1985. Two new taxa and a new combination in southern African Pteridophyta. Bothalia, 15 (3 & 4): 554-555 (1985) ARREGUIN-SANCHEZ, M., 1986. Nuevos registros y taxa interesantes de pteridofitas del Valle de Mexico. (Isoetaceae, Psilotaceae y Selaginellaceae) Phytologia 59 (7): 451-453 (1986) ASH, S., & K.B. PIGG. 1991. A new Jurassic Isoetites (Isoetales) from the Wallowa Terrane in Hells Canyon Oregon and Idaho. Amer. J. Bot. 78: 1636-1642. BAJPAI, U., & H.K. MAHESHWARI,1985. EM studies on the megaspores of Isoetes coromandelina. Phytomorphology, 34 (1-4): 226-231 (1984 publ. 1985) - illus. BALDWIN, W.K.W. 1933. The organization of the young sporophyte of Isoetes engelmanni, A.
    [Show full text]
  • Threatened and Endangered Species List
    Effective April 15, 2009 - List is subject to revision For a complete list of Tennessee's Rare and Endangered Species, visit the Natural Areas website at http://tennessee.gov/environment/na/ Aquatic and Semi-aquatic Plants and Aquatic Animals with Protected Status State Federal Type Class Order Scientific Name Common Name Status Status Habit Amphibian Amphibia Anura Gyrinophilus gulolineatus Berry Cave Salamander T Amphibian Amphibia Anura Gyrinophilus palleucus Tennessee Cave Salamander T Crustacean Malacostraca Decapoda Cambarus bouchardi Big South Fork Crayfish E Crustacean Malacostraca Decapoda Cambarus cymatilis A Crayfish E Crustacean Malacostraca Decapoda Cambarus deweesae Valley Flame Crayfish E Crustacean Malacostraca Decapoda Cambarus extraneus Chickamauga Crayfish T Crustacean Malacostraca Decapoda Cambarus obeyensis Obey Crayfish T Crustacean Malacostraca Decapoda Cambarus pristinus A Crayfish E Crustacean Malacostraca Decapoda Cambarus williami "Brawley's Fork Crayfish" E Crustacean Malacostraca Decapoda Fallicambarus hortoni Hatchie Burrowing Crayfish E Crustacean Malocostraca Decapoda Orconectes incomptus Tennessee Cave Crayfish E Crustacean Malocostraca Decapoda Orconectes shoupi Nashville Crayfish E LE Crustacean Malocostraca Decapoda Orconectes wrighti A Crayfish E Fern and Fern Ally Filicopsida Polypodiales Dryopteris carthusiana Spinulose Shield Fern T Bogs Fern and Fern Ally Filicopsida Polypodiales Dryopteris cristata Crested Shield-Fern T FACW, OBL, Bogs Fern and Fern Ally Filicopsida Polypodiales Trichomanes boschianum
    [Show full text]
  • Inferring the Evolutionary Reduction of Corm Lobation in Isoëtes Using Bayesian Model- Averaged Ancestral State Reconstruction
    UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Previously Published Works Title Inferring the evolutionary reduction of corm lobation in Isoëtes using Bayesian model- averaged ancestral state reconstruction. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/39h708p5 Journal American journal of botany, 105(2) ISSN 0002-9122 Authors Freund, Forrest D Freyman, William A Rothfels, Carl J Publication Date 2018-02-01 DOI 10.1002/ajb2.1024 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California RESEARCH ARTICLE BRIEF COMMUNICATION Inferring the evolutionary reduction of corm lobation in Isoëtes using Bayesian model- averaged ancestral state reconstruction Forrest D. Freund1,2, William A. Freyman1,2, and Carl J. Rothfels1 Manuscript received 26 October 2017; revision accepted 2 January PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Inferring the evolution of characters in Isoëtes has been problematic, 2018. as these plants are morphologically conservative and yet highly variable and homoplasious 1 Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, within that conserved base morphology. However, molecular phylogenies have given us a Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140, USA valuable tool for testing hypotheses of character evolution within the genus, such as the 2 Authors for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected], hypothesis of ongoing morphological reductions. [email protected]) Citation: Freund, F. D., W. A. Freyman, and C. J. Rothfels. 2018. METHODS: We examined the reduction in lobe number on the underground trunk, or corm, by Inferring the evolutionary reduction of corm lobation in Isoëtes using combining the most recent molecular phylogeny with morphological descriptions gathered Bayesian model- averaged ancestral state reconstruction. American from the literature and observations of living specimens.
    [Show full text]
  • Common Name: MAT-FORMING QUILLWORT Scientific Name
    Common Name: MAT-FORMING QUILLWORT Scientific Name: Isoetes tegetiformans Rury Other Commonly Used Names: Merlin’s-grass Previously Used Scientific Names: none Family: Isoetaceae (quillwort) Rarity Ranks: G1/S1 State Legal Status: Endangered Federal Legal Status: Endangered Federal Wetland Status: OBL Description: Perennial herb forming dense mats in granite outcrop pools. Stem brown, horizontal at or just below the soil surface, often pushing up small hummocks of soil; horizontal stems bear stout, coiled roots near the leaf bases and slender, straight roots near the end of the stem. Leaves usually less than 1½ inches (3 cm) tall, rarely up to 2 ¾ inches (7 cm) tall, very narrow and pointed, in clusters of 4 - 8 leaves along the top of the horizontal stem; leaves hollow with cross partitions. Spores produced in a chamber (sporangium) in the flared leaf base, the chamber completely covered by a translucent membrane (velum). Dozens of tiny, brown female spores may be seen with 30x magnification; minute, dust-sized male spores, which occur on separate leaves, are also present but are indistinguishable without much higher magnification. Similar Species: Quillworts are distinguished from flowering, wetland plants by their spongy leaves with conspicuous cross-walls and by the presence of sporangia in the flared base of the leaves. Piedmont quillwort (Isoetes piedmontana) occurs in muddy seeps and ephemeral pools in erosion pits on granite outcrops. Its leaves are 2¾ - 6 inches (7 - 15 cm) long and have brown to black bases; the sporangia contain larger, distinctly dimpled megaspores that are only partially covered by the velum. Related Rare Species: Black-spored quillwort (Isoetes melanospora) occurs in similar habitats in Georgia and South Carolina but is larger, with larger megaspores, and leaves arranged spirally about the corm (see full species account elsewhere on this website).
    [Show full text]
  • “Análisis Morfológico, Palinológico Y Sistemático De Las Isoetales Del Cono Sur De América Del Sur”
    “Análisis morfológico, palinológico y sistemático de las Isoetales del Cono Sur de América del Sur” CARMEN CECILIA MACLUF DIRECTOR: DRA. MARTA ALICIA MORBELLI CODIRECTOR: DRA. GABRIELA ELENA GIUDICE FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS NATURALES Y MUSEO UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE LA PLATA 2011 1 A Mami 2 AGRADECIMIENTOS A Sofi, el amor de mi vida. A mis hermanos Is, Or y Any. A Papi. A Marta, mi segunda madre y mi maestra en la Palinología. A Gaby, amiga incondicional en todo momento. A mis amigas del alma, So, Cons, Vir y Adri. A mis queridos amigos e inseparables compañeros de campañas, Cosme y Esteban. A mis amigos que siempre me apoyan, Juan Pablo, Lu, Eugin, Pauli, Agus, Mari, Diego, Cris, Marce, Favín, Gastón, Javier, Andrea, Georgina y Manuel. A Bernard Lugardon, por su inestimable orientación y enseñanza a pesar de la distancia. A mis amigos Isoetólogos, Angelo Troia, Jim Hickey, Carl Taylor, Moisés Ponce de León, Carmen Prada, Paulo Windish y Mrittunjai Srivastava. A Manuel Copello, por las excelentes ilustraciones que plasmaron exactamente mis ideas. A Alejandra Ganem y a Olga Martinez por su amistad e inestimable apoyo en la campaña al NOA. A Rafael Urrejola, por tantos turnos al MEB compartidos. Al Ingeniero Zimmerman por su excelencia en la enseñanza y asistencia en el manejo del MET. Al Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE) por su apoyo inestimable en todas las campañas emprendidas. A los numerosos herbarios consultados que realizaron el préstamo del material, fundamental para el desarrollo de la tesis. 3 ÍNDICE RESUMEN…………………………………………………………………..…………. 1 ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………….………… 4 1. INTRODUCCIÓN 1. 1. Presentación del tema y área de estudio ………………………………….……7 1.
    [Show full text]
  • <I>Isoetes</I> (Isoetaceae, L
    The University of Southern Mississippi The Aquila Digital Community Honors Theses Honors College Fall 12-2017 Morphological, Genetic, and Environmental Characterization of an Unusual Population of Isoetes (Isoetaceae, Lycopodiophyta) Shannon L. Walker University of Southern Mississippi Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/honors_theses Part of the Evolution Commons Recommended Citation Walker, Shannon L., "Morphological, Genetic, and Environmental Characterization of an Unusual Population of Isoetes (Isoetaceae, Lycopodiophyta)" (2017). Honors Theses. 539. https://aquila.usm.edu/honors_theses/539 This Honors College Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College at The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The University of Southern Mississippi Morphological, Genetic, and Environmental Characterization of an Unusual Population of Isoetes (Isoetaceae, Lycopodiophyta) by Shannon Walker A Thesis Submitted to the Honors College of The University of Southern Mississippi in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in the Department of Biological Sciences December 2017 ii Approved by __________________________________________ Mac H. Alford, Ph.D., Professor and Thesis Advisor Department of Biological Sciences __________________________________________ Janet Donaldson, Ph.D., Chair Department of Biological Sciences __________________________________________ Ellen Weinauer, Ph.D., Dean Honors College iii Abstract A large and unusual population of Isoetes (Isoetaceae, Lycopodiophyta) in the DeSoto National Forest, Wayne County, Mississippi, was studied to determine if the individuals there represent a new species or if they represent part of the variation of the one primary species of the longleaf pine belt of Mississippi, Isoetes louisianensis, which it most closely resembles.
    [Show full text]
  • (Isoetaceae) in Texas Based on Megaspore Features
    NUMBER 8 HOLMES.ET AL.: ISOETES IN TEXAS TAXONOMY AND IDENTIFICATION OF JSOETES (ISOETACEAE) IN TEXAS BASED ON MEGASPORE FEATURES Walter C. Holmes,1 Ann E. Rushing,1 and Jason R. Singhurst2 'Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798-7388 2Wildlife Diversity Program, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, 3000 South IH-35, Suite 100, Austin, Texas 78704 Abstract: Scanning electron microscopy examination of Texas specimens of Isoetes revealed differences in megaspore ornamentation patterns of the proximal and distal surfaces that support the recognition of four species of the genus in Texas. These include I. butleri and I. melanopoda, both of widespread occurrence in the central United States, I. lithophila, a central Texas endemic, and I. piedmontana, which we report as new to the state. A key to species based upon megaspore characteristics, distributions, a limited list of exsiccate, and descriptions and micrographs of mega­ spores are included. Keywords: Isoetaceae, Isoetes, Texas. I The Isoetaceae consists of several genera ological and ecological characteristics, all l,.. ,, known from fossils and one living genus, currently known Texas species, including Isoetes, which is recognized to include 60- the one reported here for the first time, are 75 species (Lellinger, 1985) to perhaps 150 linked into the melanopoda-melanospora­ species (Taylor et al., 1993) of nearly world­ butleri-lithophila complex (Reed, 1965), wide distribution. Lellinger (1985) recog­ which further complicates determinations. nized 19 species in the United States and Lellinger (1985) states that advances in Canada, whereas Taylor et al. (1993) rec­ taxonomy of the genus should come about ognized 24 species within the same area.
    [Show full text]
  • Tennessee Natural Heritage Program Rare Species Observations for Tennessee Counties 2009
    Tennessee Natural Heritage Program Rare Species Observations For Tennessee Counties This document provides lists of rare species known to occur within each of Tennessee's counties. If you are viewing the list in its original digital format and you have an internet connection, you may click the scientific names to search the NatureServe Explorer Encyclopedia of Life for more detailed species information. The following lists were last updated in July 2009 and are based on rare species observations stored in the Tennessee Natural Heritage Biotics Database maintained by the TDEC Natural Heritage Program. For definitions of ranks and protective status, or for instructions on obtaining a site specific project review, please visit our website: http://state.tn.us/environment/na/data.shtml If you need assistance using the lists or interpreting data, feel free to contact us: Natural Heritage Program Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation 7th Floor L&C Annex 401 Church Street Nashville, Tennessee 37243 (615) 532-0431 The lists provided are intended for use as planning tools. Because many areas of the state have not been searched for rare species, the lists should not be used to determine the absence of rare species. The lists are best used in conjunction with field visits to identify the types of rare species habitat that may be present at a given location. For projects that are located near county boundaries or are in areas of the state that have been under-surveyed (particularly in western Tennessee), we recommend that you check rare species lists for adjacent counties or watersheds as well.
    [Show full text]
  • Alabama Inventory List
    Alabama Inventory List The Rare, Threatened, & Endangered Plants & Animals of Alabama Alabama Natural August 2015 Heritage Program® TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... 1 CHANGES FROM ALNHP TRACKING LIST OF OCTOBER 2012 ............................................... 3 DEFINITION OF HERITAGE RANKS ................................................................................................ 6 DEFINITIONS OF FEDERAL & STATE LISTED SPECIES STATUS ........................................... 8 VERTEBRATES ...................................................................................................................................... 10 Birds....................................................................................................................................................................................... 10 Mammals ............................................................................................................................................................................... 15 Reptiles .................................................................................................................................................................................. 18 Lizards, Snakes, and Amphisbaenas .................................................................................................................................. 18 Turtles and Tortoises ........................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Weakley 2019-06 Lycophytes
    L01a. HUPERZIACEAE 1 Weakley 2019-06 Lycophytes Autogenerated from the Flora Manager database version 3.58 at 6/26/2019 2:44:49 PM SECTION 1: LYCOPODIOPHYTA (CLUBMOSSES) L01a. HUPERZIACEAE Rothmaler 1962 (FIRMOSS FAMILY) [in LYCOPODIALES] A family of 3 genera and ca. 300 species, mainly tropical and subtropical. Within the lycophytes, Huperzia and related genera (Phlegmariurus and Phylloglossum) form a clade with “an isolated position”, basal to the remainder of the family, and warrant family rank as Huperziaceae (Haines 2003a). See discussion under Lycopodiaceae about family circumscriptions. References: Beitel (1979); Haines (2003a); Lellinger (1985); Mickel (1979); Øllgaard in Kramer & Green (1990); Øllgaard (1987); Øllgaard (1987); Øllgaard & Windisch (2014); Øllgaard, Kessler, & Smith (2018); Snyder & Bruce (1986); Wagner & Beitel in FNA2 (1993b); Wagner & Beitel (1992); Wikström & Kenrick (2000); Wikström & Kenrick (2001). 1 Gemmae present; plants on soil or rocks; [temperate, of NC, SC, c. GA, and c. AL northwards] .............................................................. Huperzia 1 Gemmae absent; plants epiphytic on trees; [tropical, of s. FL southwards] ........................................................................................ Phlegmariurus Huperzia Bernhardi (FIRMOSS, CLUBMOSS) A genus of about 10-15 species, north temperate and arctic (and tropical mountains of Asia). References: Haines (2003a); Øllgaard in Kramer & Green (1990); Testo, Haines, & Gilman (2016); Wagner & Beitel in FNA2 (1993b); Wikström & Kenrick (2000); Zhang & Iwatsuki in FoC (2013). Identification Notes: Several hybrids are known from our area; they usually occur in intermediate habitats (such as in thin soil at the base of cliffs) and generally are found in proximity to both parents, but sometimes occur in the absence of one or both parents. Hybrids can be recognized by their intermediate morphology.
    [Show full text]
  • Disentangling the Phylogeny of Isoetes (Isoetales), Using Nuclear and Plastid Data
    Int. J. Plant Sci. 177(2):157–174. 2016. q 2015 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. 1058-5893/2016/17702-0005$15.00 DOI: 10.1086/684179 DISENTANGLING THE PHYLOGENY OF ISOETES (ISOETALES), USING NUCLEAR AND PLASTID DATA Eva Larsén1,* and Catarina Rydin* *Department of Ecology, Environment, and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden Editor: Maria von Balthazar Premise of research. The heterosporous lycopsids of Isoetes show limited morphological and genetic var- iation despite a worldwide distribution and the ancient origin of the lineage. Here major relationships within the genus are clarified, using a substantially larger sampling of species than in previous studies. A first assess- ment of divergence times of clades is made, and the implications for dispersal mechanisms and biogeographic distribution patterns are discussed. Methodology. On the basis of sequences from three gene regions and 109 specimens representing 74 spe- cies of Isoetes, phylogeny and node ages were estimated using parsimony and Bayesian inference. Pivotal results. Three rooting approaches (outgroup analysis, midpoint rooting, and clock rooting) coher- ently resolved a diverse clade containing species from South Africa, India, Australia, and South America (clade A) as sister to remaining Isoetes. Analysis of divergence times of clades yielded a median age of the crown group of 147 million years ago (mya) using a birth-death tree prior and 165 mya using a Yule tree prior. Clade A was dated to 111 or 125 mya, respectively. While the earliest divergences in Isoetes appear readily explained by ancient vicariance, patterns in younger clades are consistent with dispersal processes, sometimes over long distances.
    [Show full text]