DOCSLIB.ORG

United States Patent Office Patented Jan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
United States Patent Office Patented Jan 3,787,571. United States Patent Office Patented Jan. 22, 1974 2 3,787,571. TRICHLOROETHANOL, AND TRIFLUOROETHA SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION NOL TOPCAL AND PERCUTANEOUS STEROD Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to pro ADSORPTION PROMOTERS vide an improved means and method for promoting topi Takeru Higuchi, Lawrence, Kan., assignor to cal and percutaneous absorption of drugs, cosmetics, and Aza Corporation, Palo Alta, Calif. other beneficial chemical compounds administered to No Drawing. Filed Nov. 11, 1971, Ser. No. 197919 humans and domestic animals in the form of topically Int, C. A61k 17/00 applied compositions. U.S. C. 424-239 3 Claims Another object of this invention is to provide improved topically active therapeutic and bio-affecting prepara ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE 0. tions which exhibit increased absorption into or through Dermal compositions are disclosed which comprise tri the skin. chloroethanol or trifluoroethanol as one component of In attaining the objects of this invention, one feature a vehicle having solubilized therein a drug or other bene resides in compositions containing compounds for and ficial chemical compound. Also disclosed is a method for to a method for increasing topical or percutaneous ab administering a drug or other beneficial chemical com 5 sorption of drugs, cosmetics and other beneficial chemi pound to the body which comprises contacting the skin cal compounds which comprises contacting the skin with with the drug or compound in the presence of trichloro a drug, cosmetic or chemical compound in the presence ethanol or trifluoroethanol which acts as an absorption of a vehicle having as one component thereof an absorp promoter to enhance the topical or percutaneous absorp tion promoter consisting of either trichloroethanol (TCE) tion of the active drug or compound. 20 or trifluoroethanol (TFE). The absorption promoters of the invention can be used as the sole promoter and solu bilizing agent for the drug, cosmetic or chemical com BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION pound, or they can be employed together with any addi tional pharmaceutically acceptable solvents, vehicles, This invention relates to a composition and to a 25 bases, surface active agents, emulsifiers, and the like. method for administering a drug or other beneficial Other objects, features, and advantages of this inven chemical compound topically to the body. More espe tion will become more apparent from the following cially, the invention concerns composition and a method description. for enhancing dermatological or percutaneous absorption of such active agents in compositions for the use of 30 DETALED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION humans and domestic animals. Percutaneous absorption refers to the passage of a It is well known that the outer or surface division of substance from the surface of the skin through the horny the epidermis, known as the stratum corneum or horny layer of the epidermis, into the cellular epidermis and layer of the skin, acts as a barrier to penetration of ex from there into the corium or dermis. Penetration of the ternal substances into the immediate area as well as into 35 substance through the horny layer constitutes per the body. Oftentimes, however, it is desired to increase cutaneous absorption for the purposes of this invention. the degree of dermatological or percutaneous absorption The passage of the substance on into the corium and or penetration of a particular therapeutically active into the systemic circulation is considered to be the effect, or continuing result of percutaneous absorption. Once a dermal preparation, as for example in the treatment of 40 chemical substance passes through the horny layer of skin disorders, subcutaneous infections, cosmetic effects, the epidermis, there readily occurs further absorption or or the like. penetration through the stratum granulosum, stratum In this regard, several reagents and methods for in malpighii and stratum germinativum, on into the first creasing the permeability of the skin have been disclosed connective tissue beneath the epidermis, and thence into in the art. For example, occlusion of the skin with metal 45 the remainder of the body, since below the cellular layer guards, plastics, or other wraps has been employed to in referred to as stratum corneum there is very little resist crease the penetration of various agents into the epi ance to penetration or absorption. Absorption into the dermis. Similarly, an increased rate of absorption into horny layer alone, or further into the epidermis, without the skin has been produced by adjusting the temperature significant system absorption is considered to be topical of the skin and/or by regulating the temperature and 50 absorption, and it is also referred to as retention. relative humidity of the adjacent atmosphere. Most effec In nature, when a penetratable substance is applied to tive, however, have been the recent efforts directed to the skin, an extremely small percentage of the substance ward the discovery and application of chemical absorp is absorbed into the horny layer and retained there. An tion promotors which are employed as integral compo even smaller percentage of the substance absorbed into nents of therapeutically active or bio-affecting composi 55 the horny layer passes therethrough into the underlying tions. Workers in this area have experienced varying layers identified above, and thence into the systemic cir degrees of success in their endeavors to locate truly effec culation of the human or animal. Thus, there is some tive topical or percutaneous aborption promoters, since absorption.degree of both natural retention and percutaneous a great number of chemical compounds have been found 60 The present invention provides a process whereby this to promote absorption, at least to a degree, as for exam natural rate of percutaneous absorption and retention, ple in British Pat. No. 1,001,949 and U.S. Pat. No. and the amount of penetratable substance actually ab 3,472,931. Sorbed or retained are markedly increased. These effects 3,787,571 3. 4. are accomplished by contacting the skin with trichloro (10) Sympathomimetics such as epinephrine, oph ethanol or trifluoroethanol and simultaneously or in the edrine, phenylephrine; presence thereof with the preferred drug, cosmetic or (11) Sedatives and hypnotics such as pentobarbital beneficial agent. sodium, phenobarbital, secobarbital sodium, codeine, (o- The substances referred to herein as stable, topically bromoisovaleryl) urea, carbromal; active compounds are drugs or other beneficial chemical 5 (12) Psychic energizers such as 3 - (2 - aminopropyl) compounds which can be applied topically to the skin indole acetate and 3 - (2 - aminobutyl) indole acetate; for the purpose of beautifying surface conditions, medi (13) Tranquilizers such as reserpine, chlorpromazline, cating surface conditions or diseases, sub-surface diseases, and thiopropazate; or systemic disturbances, or creating skin conditions help 10 (14) Androgenic steroids such as methyltestosterone ful in alleviating harmful or annoying external factors. and fluoxymesterone; Thus, topically active compounds include those eliciting (15) Estrogens such as estrone, 17 - estradiol, ethinyl a pharmacological or physiological response either at or estradiol, and diethyl stilbesterol; near the site of application, as well as at a site remote (16) Progestational agents such as progesterone, me therefrom. Drugs, cosmetics and compounds utilized ac gestrol, melengestrol, chlormadinone, ethisterone, nor cording to this invention possess the ability to be solubi ethynodrel, 19 - nor - progesterone, norethindrone, me lized or minutely dispersed in trichloroethanol, or tri droxprogesterone and 17 oz-hydroxy-progesterone; fluoroethanol or in a mixture thereof, thus forming a (17) Humoral agents such as the prostaglandins, for formulation for administering to the skin for percutaneous example PGE1, PGE2, and PGFao; absorption or retention of the administered drug, cosmetic (18) Antipyretics such as aspirin, sodium salicylate, or compound. By the terms solubilize or dispersing is and salicylamide; meant that the drug, cosmetic or chemical compound used (19) Antispasmodics such as atropine, methantheline, herein is dissolved or held in suspension by normal mix papaverine, and methscopolamine bromide; ing or shaking operations in trichloroethanol, or trifluoro (20) Anti-malarials such as the 4-aminoquinolines, 8 ethanol, or a mixture thereof, to the extent of at least aminoquinolines, chloroquine, and pyrimethamine; about 0.01% by weight to about 30% by weight of the (21) Antihistamines such as diphenhydramine, dimen drug, cosmetic or compound in the promoter of choice. hydrinate, tripelennamine, perphenazine, and chloro Generally speaking, many drugs are useful in treating phenazine; surface, sub-surface and systemic conditions by topical (22) Cardioactive agents such as hydroflumethiazide, application, and the same can be made more effective if 30 flumethiazide, chlorothiazide, and trianterene; their percutaneous absorption rate or retention rate is (23) Nutritional agents such as vitamins, minerals and increased such that preferred concentrations thereof will other compounds, essential amino acids and essential penetrate through the horny layer of the skin, or be fats; retained therein, or both. Any of the standard drugs. (24) Anhidrotic agents such as atropine, aluminum, cosmetics or the like used to treat the body or skin can Zinc, Zirconium, and other metal salts and complexes; be
Load more

Recommended publications
  • DRUGS and DRIVING: January 1978 a SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 6
    Technical Report Pocumtotim Pago 1. Rmrr He I. krrmmt Acce#r~mMe. (<izi19 ----- -- J. Ropott Oete DRUGS AND DRIVING: January 1978 A SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 6. Pr~orn~ng~~gan~gotion code ----- . 8. Pmrfomrng Organctat~onUrnport NO. Alan C. Donelson UM-HSRI-78-3 10 Woh Un~tNo (TRAIS) I I. Conttect or Grant No. DOT-HS-7-01530 13. Type of Repoft and Petlod Covmrd ---------- '1 dministration , July 1975 - November 1976 14. Sponsoring Agency Codr This report presents a first supplement to Drugs and Driving: A Selected Bibliography (HS - 802 188), a bibliography of literature dealing with the relationship between drug use (other than alcohol alone) and highway safety. This supplement both updates the parent volume and expands coverage in certafn research areas related to the field of drugs and highway safety. In particular, 1i terature pertaining to drug usage patterns and drug analytical methodology has been included. A detailed description of the 1i terature scope and document selection process is provided. I I The bi bliography consists of four appendices, including a Topical Index, an Author Index, a Title Index, and Abstracts of nearly 400 i articles. A revised topical index was developed to improve user access to document abstracts. Within the topical index are cross-referenced lists of drugs by name and by usage. - ----&* 17. KO? Words 18. Dimhhtion Stotrmmnt Drugs, Drug Impaired Driving, Drug Avai labil ity is unlimited. Document Effect\, Drug Analytical Method01 ogy, may be re1eased to PIational Technical Drug Concentration-Effect Relation- 1 Information Service, Springfield, VA ships, Countermeasures 22161 for sale to public.
    [Show full text]
  • Georgia State Crime Lab Sample Library Georgia State Forensic Drugs
    Georgia State Crime Lab Sample Library Library Listing – 200 spectra This library contains a sampling of spectra from the Georgia State Forensic Drug library. It is only available as an example library with OMNIC spectroscopy software. The description for the complete Georgia State library is shown below. Georgia State Forensic Drugs Library Listing – 1,940 spectra This definitive forensic library is one of the most extensively used collections for the identification of drug substances. The Georgia State Crime Lab Drug Library contains FT-IR spectra of illegal and legal drugs as well as diluents, precursors and other drug-related compounds. The library consists of spectra that were acquired by the Georgia Bureau of Investigation. The samples were secured as pure drug standards from the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), Applied Science Laboratories, U.S. Pharmacopoeial Conventions, Inc., and various pharmaceutical companies. For the majority of samples the material purity is 95% or better and in many cases is greater than 99%. Unless otherwise stated, the samples were prepared for spectral analysis using KBr pellets. Georgia State Crime Lab Sample Library Index Compound Name Index Compound Name 195 (1- 110 CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE IN KBR PHENYLCYCLOHEXYL)ETHYLAMI 93 CHLORO-METHAQUALONE IN NE KBR 106 (1- 187 CHLOROQUINE IN KBR PHENYLCYCLOHEXYL)ETHYLAMI 174 CHLOROQUINE PO4 IN KBR NE 186 CHLORPHENIRAMINE IN KBR 10 1(1,2- 185 CHLORPHENIRAMINE MALEATE THIENYL)CYCLOHEXYLPIPERIDIN IN KBR 9 1-(1-(2- 72 CHLORPROMAZINE IN KBR THIENYL)CYCLOHEXYL)MORPHO
    [Show full text]
  • On the Approximation of the Laws of the Member States Relating to Cosmetic Products (76/768/EEC )
    27 . 9 . 76 Official Journal of the European Communities No L 262/169 COUNCIL DIRECTIVE of 27 July 1976 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to cosmetic products (76/768/EEC ) THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, regards the composition, labelling and packaging of cosmetic products ; Having regard to the Treaty establishing the Euro­ pean Economic Community, and in particular Whereas this Directive relates only to cosmetic prod­ Article 100 thereof, ucts and not to pharmaceutical specialities and medicinal products ; whereas for this purpose it is necessary to define the scope of the Directive by Having regard to the proposal from the Commission, delimiting the field of cosmetics from that of phar­ maceuticals ; whereas this delimitation follows in particular from the detailed definition of cosmetic Having regard to the opinion of the European Parlia­ products, which refers both to their areas of appli­ ment ( 1 ), cation and to the purposes of their use; whereas this Directive is not applicable to the products that fall Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and under the definition of cosmetic product but are Social Committee (2 ), exclusively intended to protect from disease; whereas, moreover, it is advisable to specify that certain prod­ ucts come under this definition, whilst products Whereas the provisions laid down by law, regulation containing substances or preparations intended to be or administrative action in force in the Member ingested, inhaled, injected or implanted in the human States
    [Show full text]
  • The Organic Chemistry of Drug Synthesis
    THE ORGANIC CHEMISTRY OF DRUG SYNTHESIS VOLUME 3 DANIEL LEDNICER Analytical Bio-Chemistry Laboratories, Inc. Columbia, Missouri LESTER A. MITSCHER The University of Kansas School of Pharmacy Department of Medicinal Chemistry Lawrence, Kansas A WILEY-INTERSCIENCE PUBLICATION JOHN WILEY AND SONS New York • Chlchester • Brisbane * Toronto • Singapore Copyright © 1984 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Published simultaneously in Canada. Reproduction or translation of any part of this work beyond that permitted by Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful. Requests for permission or further information should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging In Publication Data: (Revised for volume 3) Lednicer, Daniel, 1929- The organic chemistry of drug synthesis. "A Wiley-lnterscience publication." Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Chemistry, Pharmaceutical. 2. Drugs. 3. Chemistry, Organic—Synthesis. I. Mitscher, Lester A., joint author. II. Title. [DNLM 1. Chemistry, Organic. 2. Chemistry, Pharmaceutical. 3. Drugs—Chemical synthesis. QV 744 L473o 1977] RS403.L38 615M9 76-28387 ISBN 0-471-09250-9 (v. 3) Printed in the United States of America 10 907654321 With great pleasure we dedicate this book, too, to our wives, Beryle and Betty. The great tragedy of Science is the slaying of a beautiful hypothesis by an ugly fact. Thomas H. Huxley, "Biogenesis and Abiogenisis" Preface Ihe first volume in this series represented the launching of a trial balloon on the part of the authors. In the first place, wo were not entirely convinced that contemporary medicinal (hemistry could in fact be organized coherently on the basis of organic chemistry.
    [Show full text]
  • Basic Analytical Toxicology
    The World Health Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations with primary responsibility for international health matters and public health. Through this organization, which was created in 1948, the health professions of some 190 countries exchange their knowledge and experience with the aim of making possible the attainment by all citizens of the world by the year 2000 of a level of health that will permit them to lead a socially and economically productive life. By means of direct technical cooperation with its Member States, and by stimulating such coopera­ tion among them, WHO promotes the development of comprehensive health services, the prevention and control of diseases, the improvement of environmental conditions, the development of human resources for health, the coordination and development of biomedical and health services research, and the planning and implementation of health programmes. These broad fields of endeavour encompass a wide variety of activities, such as developing systems of primary health care that reach the whole population of Member countries; promoting the health of mothers and children; combating malnutrition, controlling malaria and other communicable diseases including tuberculosis and leprosy; coordinating the global strategy for the prevention and control of AIDS; having achieved the eradication of smallpox, promoting mass immunization against a number of other preventable diseases; improving mental health; providing safe water supplies; and training health personnel of all categories. Progress towards better health throughout the world also demands international cooperation in such matters as establishing international standards for biological substances, pesticides and pharma­ ceuticals; formulating environmental health criteria; recommending international nonproprietary names for drugs; administering the International Health Regulations; revising the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems and collecting and disseminating healih statistical information.
    [Show full text]
  • Bromisoval | Medchemexpress
    Inhibitors Product Data Sheet Bromisoval • Agonists Cat. No.: HY-B2113 CAS No.: 496-67-3 Molecular Formula: C₆H₁₁BrN₂O₂ • Molecular Weight: 223.07 Screening Libraries Target: Others Pathway: Others Storage: Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month SOLVENT & SOLUBILITY In Vitro DMSO : 300 mg/mL (1344.87 mM; Need ultrasonic and warming) Mass Solvent 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg Concentration Preparing 1 mM 4.4829 mL 22.4145 mL 44.8290 mL Stock Solutions 5 mM 0.8966 mL 4.4829 mL 8.9658 mL 10 mM 0.4483 mL 2.2414 mL 4.4829 mL Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY Description Bromisoval has anti-inflammatory effects and has been used as an old sedative and hypnotic. In Vitro Bromisoval (BU) suppresses nitric oxide (NO) releasing and proinflammatory cytokine expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treat BV2 cells, a murine microglial cell line. Bromisoval suppresses LPS-inducing phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and expression of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1). The Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) inhibitor filgotinib suppresses the NO release much more weakly than that of Bromisoval, although filgotinib almost completely prevents LPS-inducing STAT1 phosphorylation. Knockdown of JAK1, STAT1, or IRF1 does not affect the suppressive effects of Bromisoval on LPS-inducing NO. A combination of Bromisoval and filgotinib synergistically suppress the NO releasing. The mitochondrial complex I inhibitor rotenone, which does not prevent STAT1 phosphorylation or IRF1 expression, suppresses proinflammatory mediator expression less significantly than Bromisoval.
    [Show full text]
  • 126.10 Drugs and Devices — Misbranding — Labeling. 1. a Drug Or Device Is Misbranded Under Any of the Following Circumstances: A
    1 DRUGS, DEVICES, AND COSMETICS, §126.10 126.10 Drugs and devices — misbranding — labeling. 1. A drug or device is misbranded under any of the following circumstances: a. If its labeling is false or misleading in any particular. b. (1) If in a package form unless it bears a label containing both of the following: (a) The name and place of business of the manufacturer, packer, or distributor. (b) An accurate statement of the quantity of the contents in terms of weight, measure, or numerical count. (2) However, under subparagraph (1), subparagraph division (a), reasonable variations shall be permitted, and exemptions as to small packages shall be allowed, in accordance with rules adopted by the board. c. If any word, statement, or other information required by or under the authority of this chapter to appear on the label or labeling is not prominently placed thereon with such conspicuousness, as compared with other words, statements, designs, or devices, in the labeling, and in such terms as to render it likely to be read and understood by the ordinary individual under customary conditions of purchase and use. d. If it is for use by humans and contains any quantity of the narcotic or hypnotic substance alpha-eucaine, barbituric acid, beta-eucaine, bromal, cannabis, carbromal, chloral, coca, cocaine, codeine, heroin, marijuana, morphine, opium, paraldehyde, peyote, or sulphonmethane; or any chemical derivative of such a substance, which derivative, after investigation, has been designated as habit forming, by rules adopted by the board under this chapter or by regulations adopted by the secretary pursuant to section 502(d) of the federal Act; unless its label bears the name and quantity or proportion of such substance or derivative and in juxtaposition therewith the statement “Warning — May Be Habit Forming”.
    [Show full text]
  • 201 PART 329—HABIT-FORMING DRUGS Subpart A—Derivatives
    Food and Drug Administration, HHS § 329.1 section 502(e) of the Federal Food, PART 329ÐHABIT-FORMING DRUGS Drug, and Cosmetic Act. (d) The statement expressing the Subpart AÐDerivatives Designated as amount (percentage) of alcohol present Habit Forming in the product shall be in a size reason- ably related to the most prominent Sec. printed matter on the panel or label on 329.1 Habit-forming drugs which are chem- which it appears, and shall be in lines ical derivatives of substances specified in generally parallel to the base on which section 502(d) of the Federal Food, Drug, the package rests as it is designed to be and Cosmetic Act. displayed. (e) For a product to state in its label- Subpart BÐLabeling ing that it is ``alcohol free,'' it must 329.10 Labeling requirements for habit- contain no alcohol (0 percent). forming drugs. (f) For any OTC drug product in- tended for oral ingestion containing Subpart CÐExemptions over 5 percent alcohol and labeled for use by adults and children 12 years of 329.20 Exemption of certain habit-forming age and over, the labeling shall contain drugs from prescription requirements. the following statement in the direc- AUTHORITY: 21 U.S.C. 352, 353, 355, 371. tions section: ``Consult a physician for use in children under 12 years of age.'' SOURCE: 39 FR 11736, Mar. 29, 1974, unless (g) For any OTC drug product in- otherwise noted. tended for oral ingestion containing over 0.5 percent alcohol and labeled for Subpart AÐDerivatives use by children ages 6 to under 12 years Designated as Habit Forming of age, the labeling shall contain the following statement in the directions § 329.1 Habit-forming drugs which are section: ``Consult a physician for use in chemical derivatives of substances children under 6 years of age.'' specified in section 502(d) of the (h) When the direction regarding age Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic in paragraph (e) or (f) of this section Act.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent (11) 3,598,122 72 Inventor Alejandro Zafaroni Atherton, Calif
    United States Patent (11) 3,598,122 72 Inventor Alejandro Zafaroni Atherton, Calif. 3,249,109 511966 Maeth et al................... 128/268 2l Appl. No. 812,116 3,339,546 9, 1967 Chen............................ 1281 156 22 Filed Apr. 1, 1969 3,444,858 5/1969 Russell ......................... 128/268 X 45 Patented Aug. 10, 1971 3,464,413 9/1969 Goldfarb et al............... 28/268 (73) Assignee Alza Corporation 3,518,340 6, 1970 Raper........................... 424/19 3,520,949 7/1970 Shepherd et al.............. 1281 156 UX Primary Examiner-Charles F. Rosenbaum 54) BANDAGE FOR ADMINISTERING DRUGS Attorney-Steven D. Goldby 15 Clains, 3 Drawing Figs. (52) U.S.C....................................................... 128/268, 424/20, 424/28 ABSTRACT: Bandage for use in the continuous administra 5 int. Cli........................................................ A61f 7702 tion of systemically active drugs by absorption through the 50 Field of Search............................................ skin or oral mucosa comprising a backing member having on 1281 155 one surface thereof a reservoir containing a systemically ac - 156,268,296; 424/19-20, 28 tive drug. The reservoir has a wall distant from the backing 56 References Cited member and permeable to passage of the drug. A pressure UNITED STATES PATENTS sensitive adhesive layer, also permeable to passage of the drug, is carried by the reservoir. The drug is in a form accepta 2,629,378 21 1953 Barton.......................... 128/268 ble for absorption through the skin or the mucosa of the 3,053,255 91.962 Meyer.......................... 128/268 mouth. AO /4 YZ222222222222A46583&A2%.2% s /2 Af // r’AENTF AUG O 197, 3.598 l 22 A.
    [Show full text]
  • Drug/Substance Trade Name(S)
    A B C D E F G H I J K 1 Drug/Substance Trade Name(s) Drug Class Existing Penalty Class Special Notation T1:Doping/Endangerment Level T2: Mismanagement Level Comments Methylenedioxypyrovalerone is a stimulant of the cathinone class which acts as a 3,4-methylenedioxypyprovaleroneMDPV, “bath salts” norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor. It was first developed in the 1960s by a team at 1 A Yes A A 2 Boehringer Ingelheim. No 3 Alfentanil Alfenta Narcotic used to control pain and keep patients asleep during surgery. 1 A Yes A No A Aminoxafen, Aminorex is a weight loss stimulant drug. It was withdrawn from the market after it was found Aminorex Aminoxaphen, Apiquel, to cause pulmonary hypertension. 1 A Yes A A 4 McN-742, Menocil No Amphetamine is a potent central nervous system stimulant that is used in the treatment of Amphetamine Speed, Upper 1 A Yes A A 5 attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, narcolepsy, and obesity. No Anileridine is a synthetic analgesic drug and is a member of the piperidine class of analgesic Anileridine Leritine 1 A Yes A A 6 agents developed by Merck & Co. in the 1950s. No Dopamine promoter used to treat loss of muscle movement control caused by Parkinson's Apomorphine Apokyn, Ixense 1 A Yes A A 7 disease. No Recreational drug with euphoriant and stimulant properties. The effects produced by BZP are comparable to those produced by amphetamine. It is often claimed that BZP was originally Benzylpiperazine BZP 1 A Yes A A synthesized as a potential antihelminthic (anti-parasitic) agent for use in farm animals.
    [Show full text]
  • Mr Brian Almand Pharmacist Hutt Hospital Pharmacy
    Mr Brian Almand Pharmacist Hutt Hospital Pharmacy Managing Anxiety With Medication Presented by Brian Almand Mental Health Pharmacist HVDHB Hutt Hospital Pharmacy [email protected] “But know also, man has an inborn craving for medicine ...the desire to take medicine is one feature which distinguishes man the animal, from his fellow creatures. It is really one of the most serious difficulties with which we have to contend.” William Osler 1894 Sir William Osler (1st Baronet 1849 – 1919) The Father of Modern Medicine, he was one of the Big Four founding professors at the Johns Hopkins Hospital as the first Professor of Medicine and founder of the Medical Service there. Osler was a multifaceted physician and individual, functioning as a pathologist, internist, educator, bibliophile, historian, author, and renowned practical joker. Non-Pharmacological Basics Psychotherapy Engaging in activity, something stimulating or interesting, employment is good Physical exercise, start with physical activity and increase range Sunlight exposure Social connection, meaningful social engagement Simple balanced diet, including hydration Enhanced sleep Combinations of the above work well, e.g.; volunteer groups, clubs of any sort, etc. Granted, it is not easy. When Someone Presents With Symptoms Are they self medicating? . Alcohol Anxiety management compromised . Cannabis Alcohol & Other Drug referral soonest . Other drugs . Caffeine Discontinue slowly Suicidal ideation or self harm? Anxiety can be associated with medical conditions and other primary psychiatric disorders – treat the primary illness Anxiolytics: A to Z Alcohol 8000 yrs Opium 4000+ yrs Bromides 1870 Chloral hydrate, paraldehyde Barbiturates 1903-12 Carbromal, glutethimide, methaqualone, meprobamate Benzodiazepines 1960 Z drugs, eg;zopiclone 1998 Anxiolytics in Current Usage Antidepressants .
    [Show full text]
  • Proquest Dissertations
    Aqueous solubility prediction of organic compounds Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Yang, Gang Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 01/10/2021 15:23:34 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/298795 AQUEOUS SOLUBILITY PREDICTION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS by Gang Yang A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2005 UMI Number: 3158221 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI UMI Microform 3158221 Copyright 2005 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 2 The University of Arizona ® Graduate College As members of the Final Examination Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Gang Yang entitled Aqueous Solubility Prediction of Organic Compounds and recommend that it be acceptable as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophv Samuel HTy alkowsky, Ph.D.
    [Show full text]