4. Affected Environment

Consistent with FAA Order 5050.4B, Paragraph 706 e, this chapter “…describes only those environmental resources the proposed action and its reasonable alternatives, if any, are likely to affect” (FAA Order 1050.1E, Change 1, paragraph 405e). Two resource categories identified in Appendix A of FAA Order 1050.1E, Change 1, Coastal Resources and Wild and Scenic Rivers, are not present in the project area and thus would not be affected by the Proposed Action and its alternatives. Therefore, these resources are not discussed in this chapter.

4.1 Project Location Hillsboro Airport is located in the city of Hillsboro in Washington County, Oregon, approximately 2 ¼ miles from Hillsboro city center and 12 miles west of downtown Portland (Exhibit 4-1). The Airport and surrounding Port-owned property occupy approximately 965 acres of land. The Airport is generally bound by NE Brookwood Parkway to the east, NE 25th Avenue to the west, NW Evergreen Road to the north, and NE Cornell Road to the south. The Airport is owned and operated by the Port of Portland. While the Airport is located almost entirely within the city of Hillsboro, it is located on the northern boundary of the city, and Port- owned lands north of NW Evergreen Road are within unincorporated Washington County.

4.2 Noise Exhibit 4-2 shows the existing (2007) day-night average sound level (DNL) contours used by the federal government to assess the significance of noise impacts and to establish land use compatibility guidelines. According to FAA guidelines (see Section 5.2) most land uses are compatible with sound levels of DNL 65 A-weighted decibels (DNL 65 dBA, herein referred to as DNL 65) or less. The State of Oregon also requires the disclosure of noise levels down to DNL 55. The noise contours shown in Exhibit 4-2 reflect the typical patterns of runway and flight track use for fixed wing and helicopters at HIO. Runway 12/30 accommodates over 90 percent of the aircraft takeoffs and landings at HIO, as indicated by the extent of the noise contours along its northwest to southeast runway alignment. Appendix C.1 shows the runway use and flight track assumptions used to develop these contours. The shape of these contours, wider to the northwest and longer and thinner to the southeast, is consistent with the most common direction of runway operations; landings from the southeast and takeoffs to the northwest.

4.3 Compatible Land Use This section provides an overview of existing and planned land use in the vicinity of the Airport; generally the area in or near the Airport’s aircraft traffic pattern.

4-1 HILLSBORO AIRPORT PARALLEL RUNWAY 12L/30R ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT NW WEST UN URCH RD IO NW H CH N SCO TC D R R D

N A W I S T UN E S V E L N T W HW E M Y H E E W K N D RD R L L O O H

N N

D 26

W W

E E N

W W

D N

E E N

O W EV 12R ERGREENR D

N NW EVER GRE E E L N

G P K W W W Y N

L L

O 20

E E

N N

E E

N 2 30L NE CORNELL RD

A N

T T E

S E

B 1

A R E

N N

O V

H H

A O

5 K T

W S

E E

1 O N

O 2 D

W W

P N E M K AI W SE BASELINE ST N ST

E SW OA Y K S V T SE OAK ST E RD A W BASELIN

H H V

T A

D D T T 1

S O

E E

S S

219 8 W

VICINITY MAP LEGEND Columbia 26 County Washington WASHINGTON Port Property County Multnomah Clark County County 30 OREGON 405 84 84 Hillsboro Hillsboro Portland Airport 5 205

Yamhill 205 County 5 Clackamas County Source: EXHIBIT 4-1 1. AEX and ESRI (2006) 2. ODOT (2007) Vicinity Map 3. Metro RLIS (2008) 00.125 0.25 0.5 Hillsboro Airport Parallel Runway Miles 12L/30R Environmental Assessment

\\ROSA\PROJ\PORTLANDORPORTOF\376585\GIS\MAPFILES\EFFECTED_ENVIRONMENT\HIO_VICINITYMAP.MXD MSULLIV4 5/26/2009 11:23:20 RUR IND RUR Me ek

R RUR d LEGEND Schools and Childcare Facilities RUR

R Library

l l 26

o h Arterial Roads c RUR S Gordon Faber

n n RUR o Recreation Historic Site s

k RUR Complex c MUE a J Evergreen Special Port Property Industrial IND Evergreen Special District Industrial District RUR Park

RUR Evergreen Rd Evergreen Rd Evergreen RUR OKHA Estates Evergreen Pkwy Open Space MUE 55 Noise Level Emma Jones COM SFR Natural 75 DNL 60 and below Contour Hillsboro Evergreen MS MFR 75 ES Area SFR DNL 65 and above Contour SFR Glencoe at Lori 60 Glencoe at Lori 1 Glencoe at Lori 2 Glencoe Creek Park Zoning Class Glencoe at Aurora Jones Farm Property IND 65 Industrial (IND) Glencoe at Estate Drive 70 Commercial (COM) Glencoe MUE Jackson ES High Mixed Use Employment (MUE) School Jones Farm Open Space y Mixed Use Residential (MUR) w

k MUE 70 P Dawson Creek Park Multi Family (MFR) Sundown d o Dawson Creek Apartments Creek 1 o Single Family (SFR) w k Sundown Griffin Oaks Park o Rural (RUR) o Creek 2 Jackson r SFR d B School R 55 l l IND Open Space o SFR

S 75

n n

o MUE

Chardonnay 1 k c Central Park Rosebay

a SFR J Park PF Chardonnay 2 SFR Mooberry ES UJ Hamby Park MFR MUR SFR Cornell Rd d Cornell Place Open Space Cornell R MFR Dawson at Cornell IND MFR SFR Cornell Rd Hillsboro y w MUE High School Washington COM k MUE P e JW Poynter MS COM Orenco

Field County d A Eastman Garden Park Hare Field o Gardens 1

o t t Fairgrounds s Boscow ES

w 1 SFR

o Orenco Gardens 2

o MFR r

B e IND v MUR A SFR Shadywood Park 28th Ave Sports Complex Orenco Gardens 3

MUR Bagley Park h

Dolezal 231st Ave 5 Sewell Orenco Gardens 4 JB Thomas MS Hillwood 1 Station IND Open Space SFR Soloflex Hidden Creek North 000.25 .5 Hillwood 2 MFR PF North Orenco Meadows Miles Hillsboro Main St MUR 53rd Hidden Creek North MFR Civic SFR Ave Ackerman Park Center Bicentennial Park Park Hidden Creek South

e Tuality v Main SFR Deer Run EXHIBIT 4-2 A St Baseline S COM Existing Noise and Land Use t Senior Park h Candlewood t MUR MUR COM MUR 0 MFR Stonebriar Hillsboro Airport Parallel Runway 1 MUR Soloflex South SFR - Tract F 12L/30R Environmental Assessment

\\ROSA\PROJ\PORTLANDORPORTOF\376585\GIS\MAPFILES\EFFECTED_ENVIRONMENT\HIO_EXISTINGNOISEANDLANDUSE.MXD PGRONLI 9/29/2009 06:47:03

4.3.1 Existing Land Use and Development Exhibit 4-2 shows that HIO lies along the northern edge of Hillsboro’s urbanized area near the southwestern end of a broad corridor of industrial development extending to the northeast along the Brookwood Parkway. Areas to the west and south of this corridor are generally developed in residential uses with commercial development at the intersections of major roadways. Areas to the north and west of this corridor remain in generally agricultural uses. Areas to the north and east include the 534-acre Evergreen Special Industrial District, which has been added to the Urban Growth Boundary to provide industrial land capacity. Exhibit 4-2 also shows schools, libraries, parks and recreational areas, and known historic sites within this area. 4.3.2 Land Use Plans and Regulations Zoning is the means by which municipalities define the specific type of uses that are permitted on a given piece of land. These uses are identified and governed by the enacting of local zoning ordinances. The City of Hillsboro and Washington County are the two municipalities that have jurisdiction on the lands in the immediate areas surrounding HIO. A discussion of zoning patterns around HIO follows. Currently, the land to the north of the airfield is mostly zoned as rural. The rural zoning classification is comprised of a combination of permitted uses including exclusive farm use, with an 80-acre minimum lot size; agriculture and forestry, with an 80-acre minimum lot size; and future development, with a 20-acre minimum lot size. The land to the east of the Airport is mostly zoned as mixed-use employment. The mixed-use employment zoning is an employment district that generally allows for offices, retail stores, warehouse distribution, and light industrial activities. The land immediately south of the Airport is zoned as commercial. Residential zoning is located further south and southwest of the commercial area. The residential zoning closest to the Airport contains established medium-density neighborhoods with limited available space for future residential infill. A second large area zoned mixed-use employment is located to the southeast. The land west of the Airport is similar to the land east of the Airport and consists of mixed-use employment and residential. The residential zoning closest to the Airport contains established medium-density neighborhoods with limited available space for future residential infill. The area of mixed use employment lies directly along the western edge of the Airport property, while the residential areas are farther to the west and consist mostly of single and multi-family homes. In 1993, the Port prepared the Hillsboro Airport Compatibility Study which identified a series of noise abatement and land use planning measures intended to ensure that the land uses surrounding HIO remain compatible with Airport operations. In 2005, the Port conducted an update to this study. The update provided additional recommendations, including the establishment of an Airport Noise Overlay Zone. Subsequent to the 2005 study update, the Hillsboro Airport Issues Roundtable (HAIR) developed a subcommittee to study the land-use recommendations of the Compatibility Study. In 2007 and 2008, this sub-committee held approximately 20 public planning meetings as well as

4-5 HILLSBORO AIRPORT PARALLEL RUNWAY 12L/30R ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 3 public open houses to solicit input and comments on draft language for an Airport Use Zone and an Airport Safety and Compatibility Overlay Zone. These two zone change recommendations were developed in accordance with the Oregon Airport Planning rule (OAR 660-13), as well as inputs from the states of Washington and California airport land use planning handbooks. Currently, the recommendations of the HAIR land use subcommittee are being considered by the Hillsboro Planning Commission who will then forward these on to the Hillsboro City Council for adoption. It is anticipated that the City process will be complete by the end of 2009. The County plans to review this issue during their next hearings season in the spring of 2010. It will be the responsibility of the City of Hillsboro and Washington County to implement any changes to the local zoning codes.

4.4 Historical, Architectural, Archeological, and Cultural Resources No properties on or potentially eligible for the National Register of Historic Places are located within the project Area of Potential Effect (APE). The APE is defined as the area of significant noise impact which is within the 2015 DNL 65 contour for the proposed project because historic buildings could be adversely affected by increases in noise levels. Pedestrian surveys were also conducted in the area that would be disturbed by construction associated with the proposed project described in Chapter 3. These pedestrian surveys, conducted in August and September 2008, found no prehistoric or historical archaeological artifacts, features, or sites (see Appendix C.2).

4.5 DOT Act Section 4(f) Resources Section 4(f) of the Department of Transportation (DOT) Act of 1966 provides for the protection of certain publicly owned resources. DOT Section 4(f) resources include public parks; recreational areas; wildlife and waterfowl refuges of federal, state, or local significance; and any land from a historic site of federal, state, or local significance. The study area used for this analysis is the same as the noise study area, which encompasses the existing and future DNL 65 noise contours, and is large enough to include any areas potentially affected directly or indirectly by any of the alternatives. Exhibit 4-2 identifies the nearest parks and historic site, none of which are within the DNL 65 noise contour.

4.6 Socioeconomic Impacts, Environmental Justice, and Children’s Environmental Health and Safety Risks This section identifies regional and local population and employment trends and demographics. The description of the economic conditions in the project area was derived from historical and projected population, household, and employment data provided by Portland Metropolitan Transportation Organization (METRO), economic data reported by state and federal agencies, and economic data developed by local organizations involved in the economic development of the area. The study area for these analyses included the Census Tract Block Groups within approximately one-half mile of the HIO boundaries and was developed to include all Census Tract Block Groups adjacent to airport and to include areas that are most likely to be affected by

4-6 HILLSBORO AIRPORT PARALLEL RUNWAY 12L/30R ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT changes in noise, air quality, water quality and surface transportation. Most of the study area is located within the city limits of Hillsboro, and a small portion is located in unincorporated Washington County. The population within the study area in 2000 was 24,643, based on U.S. Census data. 4.6.1 Population and Demographics Table 4-1 presents historical and forecast population and household data and growth rates for the city of Hillsboro, Washington County, and the Portland-Vancouver Metropolitan Area. Population and household growth is expected to increase at similar rates.

TABLE 4-1 Historical and Forecast Population and Household Estimates Population Households

Average Average Annual Annual Area 2005 2030 Growth Rate 2005 2030 Growth Rate

Hillsboro 80,928 102,310 0.9% 29,880 37,069 0.9%

Washington County 474,800 682,500 1.5% 189,925 272,998 1.5%

Portland-Vancouver Metropolitan Area a 1,945,452 2,857,631 1.5% 766,990 1,134,582 1.6%

a Includes Multnomah, Washington, and Clackamas counties in Oregon and Clark County in Washington. Source: Portland Metro, 2006.

4.6.2 Minority and Low-Income Populations U.S. Census data from 2000 showed that the block groups within one half mile of the Airport have minority population concentrations ranging from 12.5 to 37.5 percent. The minority population represents 22.3 percent of the total population within this area. The minority population in Washington County is also 22.3 percent. Low-income populations represent 0 to 12.5 percent of the total population in the census block groups within one half mile of the Airport. The low-income population represents 7.6 percent of the total population in the study area. There is only one U.S. Census block group in this area where the percent of low-income population is greater than 25 percent. The low income population in Washington County is 7.4 percent, slightly lower than in the study area.

4.6.3 Housing The median housing value in the city of Hillsboro was $246,900 in 2006 (U.S. Census, 2008). This is lower than the county median housing value of $284,200 but higher than the state median housing value of $236,600.

4.6.4 Household Income Median household income in the city of Hillsboro is lower than the county median but higher than the state median. Median household income for the city was approximately $54,705 in 2006. Median household income was $59,481 in Washington County and $46,230 state-wide in

4-7 HILLSBORO AIRPORT PARALLEL RUNWAY 12L/30R ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 2006. Income levels in the city, county, and state have increased by 2.4, 5.7, and 13 percent, respectively, when compared to levels reported in the 2000 census (U.S. Census, 2008).

4.6.5 Local Economic Trends Hillsboro, located in the Tualatin Valley (also known as the Silicon Forest), is home to a number of technology companies, including microprocessor chip manufacturers and related suppliers. As a result, manufacturing is the largest industry in the city with the majority of users located at the west side of the city within the high-tech cluster, in close proximity to HIO.

4.6.6 Employment Exhibits 4-3 and 4-4 show historical and forecast employment by sector, in total, and on a percentage basis for the city of Hillsboro and Washington County in 2005 and 2030. As shown, Portland Metro estimates that total jobs in the city will increase from 239,344 jobs in 2005 to 375,274 jobs in 2030. The sector with the largest share of total employees in the city and county is the “other” sector, which is composed of manufacturing, finance, insurance, real estate, trade, construction and mining, and government. Since 2003, the city’s unemployment rate has been similar to the county, state, and nation.

4.6.7 Municipal Revenue Sources Property taxes account for 52 percent of all revenue collected for Hillsboro’s 2008 General Fund. Other taxes, which account for 23 percent of the City’s 2008 budget, include local option, metro excise, hotel/motel, and other taxes. City non-tax revenue sources account for the remaining 25 percent of total revenue.

4.7 Secondary (Induced) Impacts Secondary (induced) impacts include1 “… shifts in patterns of population movement and growth; public service demands; and changes in business and economic activity to the extent influenced by the airport development.” Population, demographic, and economic information for the project area is provided in Section 4.6, Socioeconomic Impacts, Environmental Justice, and Children’s Environmental Health and Safety Risks.

4.8 Air Quality The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for criteria pollutants including carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), particulate matter less than 10 micrometers in aerodynamic diameter (PM10), particulate matter less than 2.5 micrometers in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5), and lead (Pb). The Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) has established similar standards; in some cases these are more restrictive than EPA standards.

1 FAA Order 1050.1E, Change 1, Appendix A, Section 15.

4-8 HILLSBORO AIRPORT PARALLEL RUNWAY 12L/30R ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 70.0% 58.8% 60.0%

50.0% 46.1% 41.1% 2005: 40.0% 239,344 Total Jobs 30.0% 24.5% 2030: 16.7% 375,274

Percent Total of 20.0% Total Jobs 12.8% 10.0%

0.0% RETA IL SERV ICES OTHER Sector

EXHIBIT 4-3 Percent of Total Employment by Industry—City of Hillsboro Source: Portland Metro, 2006.

60.0% 53.3%

50.0% 43.0% 39.7% 40.0% 2005: 29.3% 1,196,043 30.0% Total Jobs 17.4% 2030: 20.0% 17.3% 1,664,780

Percent of Total of Percent Total Jobs

10.0%

0.0% RETA IL SERV ICES OTHER Sector

EXHIBIT 4-4 Percent of Total Employment by Industry—Washington County Source: Portland Metro, 2006.

HIO is located in the Portland-Vancouver Air Quality Maintenance Area (AQMA), which is in attainment for all pollutants but is subject to maintenance plans developed to ensure continued compliance with the carbon monoxide standard and the 1-hour ozone standard.2 DEQ operates

2 While a maintenance plan is in place for ozone, the area is in attainment for the 8-hour ozone standard. The maintenance plan was enacted due to the prior 1-hour standard, which has since been rescinded.

4-9 HILLSBORO AIRPORT PARALLEL RUNWAY 12L/30R ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT a network of ambient air monitoring stations throughout the Portland-Vancouver AQMA; the monitoring station nearest to HIO is about 16 miles away. Of growing concern is the impact of proposed projects on climate change. Greenhouse gases are those that trap heat in the earth's atmosphere. Both naturally occurring and anthropogenic

(man-made) greenhouse gases include water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2),3 methane

(CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and ozone (O3).4 Research has shown that there is a direct link between fuel combustion and greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, sources that require power/fuel at an airport are the primary sources that would generate greenhouse gases. Aircraft are probably the most often cited air pollutant source, but they produce the same types of emissions as cars. Aircraft jet engines, like many other vehicle engines, produce carbon dioxide (CO2), water vapor (H2O), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of sulfur (SOx), unburned or partially combusted hydrocarbons (also known as volatile organic compounds [VOCs]), particulates, and other trace compounds. According to most international reviews, aviation emissions comprise a small but potentially important percentage of anthropogenic (human-made) greenhouse gases and other emissions that contribute to global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimates that global aircraft emissions account for about 3.5 percent of the total quantity of greenhouse gas from human activities.5 In terms of U.S. contribution, the U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO) reports that aviation accounts “for about 3 percent of total U.S. greenhouse gas emissions from human sources” compared with other industrial sources, including the remainder of the transportation sector (23 percent) and industry (41 percent).6 The scientific community is developing areas of further study to enable them to more precisely estimate aviation's effects on the global atmosphere. The FAA is currently leading or participating in several efforts intended to clarify the role that commercial aviation plays in greenhouse gases and climate change. The most comprehensive and multi-year program geared towards quantifying climate change effects of aviation is the Aviation Climate Change Research Initiative (ACCRI) funded by FAA and NASA. ACCRI will reduce key scientific uncertainties in quantifying aviation-related climate impacts and provide timely scientific input to inform policy-making decisions. FAA also funds Project 12 of the Partnership for Air Transportation Noise & Emissions Reduction (PARTNER) Center of Excellence research initiative to quantify the effects of aircraft exhaust and contrails on global and U.S. climate and atmospheric composition. Finally, the Transportation Research Board’s (TRB) Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) project 02-06 developed a guidebook on preparing airport greenhouse gas emission inventories.

3 All greenhouse gas inventories measure carbon dioxide emissions, but beyond carbon dioxide different inventories include different greenhouse gases. 4 Several classes of halogenated substances that contain fluorine, chlorine, or bromine are also greenhouse gases, but they are, for the most part, solely a product of industrial activities. For example, chlorofluorocarbons and hydrochlorofluorocarbons are halocarbons that contain chlorine, while halocarbons that contain bromine are referred to as bromofluorocarbons (i.e., halons) or sulfur (sulfur hexafluoride). 5 IPCC Report as referenced in the GAO Environment: Aviation’s Effects on the Global Atmosphere Are Potentially Significant and Expected to Grow; GAO/RCED-00-57, February 2000, p. 4. 6 Ibid, p. 14; GAO cites available EPA data from 1997.

4-10 HILLSBORO AIRPORT PARALLEL RUNWAY 12L/30R ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 4.9 Water Quality This section describes existing stormwater runoff and floodplain conditions. HIO lies on higher ground between two watersheds (Exhibit 4-5): the McKay Creek watershed, which includes Glencoe Swale, which drains the northern portion of the Airport; and the Dawson Creek watershed, which drains the southern portion of the Airport. Both watersheds are sub-basins of the Tualatin River watershed. All creeks in the Airport area are shown on Exhibit 4-6. Glencoe Swale originates north of NW Evergreen Road and east of HIO. The swale flows under NW Evergreen Road and onto the Airport through a box culvert. The swale leaves the Airport on the west side through two 4-foot-diameter culverts under NE 25th Avenue, and water backs up in Glencoe Swale upstream of NE 25th Avenue on Airport property. This small tributary of McKay Creek joins McKay Creek approximately 2.75 miles downstream of HIO. Dawson Creek lies outside the southeasterly limits of the Airport and is separated from HIO by NE Brookwood Parkway. Dawson Creek flows south to a confluence with Rock Creek. Because Dawson Creek is at a lower elevation than the Airport, it is able to accommodate the drainage from this section of the Airport without flooding occurring at the Airport. The Port of Portland conducts stormwater sampling at Hillsboro Airport under its NPDES 1200- Z stormwater discharge permit. Sampling data were available for the period from November 15, 2004, through February 8, 2008. Table 4-2 reports the resulting median values from the sampling that were used in the analysis for this EA along with the criteria for these pollutants as established by DEQ.

TABLE 4-2 Hillsboro Airport Stormwater Runoff Median Sample Values and Criteria for Parameters of Concern Number of Criteriona Sample Median Water Quality Parameter Values Concentration Acute Chronic

Total suspended solids (TSS) 19 11.0 mg/L None None

Total copper 18 5.0 µg/L 18.0 µg/L 12.0 µg/L

Total lead 18 1.4 µg/L 82.0 µg/L 3.2 µg/L

Total zinc 18 90.9 µg/L 120.0 µg/L 110.0 µg/L

Notes: mg/L = milligrams per liter; µg/L = micrograms per liter Acute = Average concentration for one (1) hour Chronic = Average concentration for 96 hours (4 days) aSource: OAR 340, Division 41, Table 20.

4.10 Fish, Wildlife, and Plants The following subsections describe the fish, wildlife, and plants species and the types of habitat present in the Airport vicinity.

4-11 HILLSBORO AIRPORT PARALLEL RUNWAY 12L/30R ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Glencoe Swale (Tributary of McKay Creek)

NW Ev 12 ergreen Rd

McKay Creek Basin

w 20 k

d d

e Dawson Creek w v k

A o

h h o

t Basin r

5 B 2 E

E E N

N E B r o 30 o k 2 w o o d P k w

y d R ll ne Dawson Creek or NE C

Data Sources: Port of Portland, 2008 FEMA, 2001 PNW Hydrography Framework, 2003

LEGEND EXHIBIT 4-5 0250 500 1,000 Port Property Floodplain Water Resources Feet Hillsboro Airport Parallel Runway 12L/30R Environmental Assessment Basin Boundary Stream

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NW Evergreen Rd NW Everg le re wa e Glencoe S n P k w y y Pkw d o o w

e k

v o

A o r

h h B

5 E 2 N eek E E Cr N n so w a k N D e E e r B rnell Rd r NE Co o C

o k

y w

a o

K o

c d

P M k

eek Rock Cr h ug lo S n o s

D c

ai a

ry Cr J ee

d d

o o

m E o S tt o B n o s k c River a in J lat ua T

Data Sources: Port of Portland, 2009 PNW Hydrography Framework, 2003

LEGEND EXHIBIT 4-6 Port Property Watershed Features 000.25 .51 Hillsboro Airport Parallel Runway 12L/30R Environmental Assessment Stream Miles

\\ROSA\PROJ\PORTLANDORPORTOF\376585\GIS\MAPFILES\WATER\HIO_WATERSHEDFEATURES.MXD MSULLIV4 5/29/2009 11:45:50 4.10.1 Fish HIO and other Port-owned lands in the vicinity encompass 965 acres. Of this area, 1.59 acres have been identified as stream habitat. This habitat consists of Glencoe Swale, an intermittent stream that is a tributary of McKay Creek. Glencoe Swale crosses the north end of the Airport and enters McKay Creek approximately 2.75 miles from the Airport. Another 1.5 miles downstream, McKay Creek enters Dairy Creek, which is in turn a tributary to the Tualatin River, which joins the Willamette River at approximately river mile 28.5, south of Portland. Fish species composition and distribution in Glencoe Swale are undocumented. Dairy Creek (above the confluence with McKay Creek) provides habitat for several fish species, including torrent sculpin (Cottus rhotheus), reticulate sculpin (Cottus perplexus), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki), Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentate), and Western brook lamprey (Lampetra richardsoni) (Ward, 1995). An Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) study identified steelhead in the Tualatin system, but did not sample the McKay Creek system (Leader, 2002). A similar study that did sample the McKay system did not identify Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) or steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss), but did have eleven unidentified salmonids in the upper reach of McKay Creek (Leader, 2001). A more recent study that included spring and fall sampling on three reaches of McKay Creek identified no salmon (Cole et al., 2006). Fish species listed as threatened or endangered under the federal Endangered Species Act in the project vicinity include the Upper Willamette River Distinct Population Segment (DPS) steelhead and the Upper Willamette River Evolutionarily Significant Unit (ESU) Chinook salmon. Upper Willamette River DPS steelhead are believed to have been present historically in the McKay Creek watershed. There are no records of Upper Willamette River ESU Chinook salmon occupying the McKay and Dairy creeks systems (Oregon Natural Heritage Information Center [ORNHIC], 2008). During the August 2008 site visits, most of the streambed of Glencoe Swale was dry, and no fish were observed.

4.10.2 Wildlife Twenty-nine habitat types have been identified at the Airport and nearby Port-owned property as part of the Port of Portland’s Natural Resource Inventory Program (Port of Portland, 2007). The most common habitat types are grass/forb mowed, improved pasture, and developed- impervious areas. These habitats represent 537 acres, or 56 percent of the 965 acres owned by the Port (Exhibit 4-7). The open habitats at the Airport attract a variety of wildlife species throughout the year that are seeking foraging, roosting, loafing, nesting, and migratory stop-over sites. Birds are the most abundant wildlife at the Airport and vicinity. Approximately 61 different bird species and 6 mammal species have been observed in the vicinity of the Airport from 2002 to 2004 (Port of Portland, 2007). Birds accounted for 99.7 percent of the 22,248 observations reported during this monitoring period. The most commonly observed birds at the Airport are Canada geese and European starlings (Port of Portland, 2007). Canada geese are present onsite in large numbers during the fall and spring migration season and are most commonly observed at the north end of Runway 12/30 in emergent wetlands and adjacent upland grassland (Port of Portland, 2007).

4-14 HILLSBORO AIRPORT PARALLEL RUNWAY 12L/30R ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT LL

KSON SCHOOL

EWE

JAC 12

EVERGREEN

15TH

281ST

264TH

AIRPORT

0 2

15TH

AIRPORT LEGEND Port Property SUNRISE Habitat Classes Blackberry Scrub-Shrub Channel Conifer Conifer (Planted)

Cottonwood, Willow Scrub-Shrub 30 Cottonwood, Willow, Ash Forest 2 SS Cultivated - Bareground/Irrigated CE AIRPORT AC Developed - Cultivated Developed - Impervious Developed - Pervious Ditch

Ditch - Roadside ROOKWOOD

Grass/Forb - Mowed B Hardwood Herbaceous Upland Herbaceous Upland (Planted) Hydrophytic Vegetation Improved Pasture - Perrenial Grass Seed/Hay Mixed Conifer-Hardwood Mixed Conifer-Hardwood (Planted) Pervious Wasteland/Barren/Weedy Fill Pond Railroad - Crushed Rock Road - Dirt Road - Gravel Road - Paved MAIN Scrub-Shrub 28TH Stream

Data Sources: EXHIBIT 4-7 ESA Analysis, 2008 Habitat Port of Portland, 2008 Metro RLIS, 2008 0 500 1,000 2,000 Hillsboro Airport Parallel Runway 12L/30R Environmental Assessment Feet

\\ROSA\PROJ\PORTLANDORPORTOF\376585\GIS\MAPFILES\EFFECTED_ENVIRONMENT\HIO_HABITAT.MXD MSULLIV4 5/28/2009 17:57:08 Canada geese also breed onsite in the grass/forb areas and upland herbaceous fields. Ducks and shorebirds also congregate at the north end of Runway 12/30 in the wetlands and along Glencoe Swale. Mallards, the most common duck onsite, nest in the wetlands and grassy areas. Killdeer are abundant in the spring and lay eggs in a modest “scrape” or depression on barren land, graveled surfaces, and pavement at the Airport. Large mammals (such as deer) are seldom observed at HIO due to a lack of suitable cover and an 8-foot-high security fence around the airfield. Only one deer has been reported near Airport buildings (Port of Portland, 2007). Medium sized mammals (primarily coyotes) can and occasionally do access the airfield at HIO because there is no coyote exclusion barrier on the perimeter fence. (Dana Green, Port of Portland, personal communication, 2009). Reptiles and amphibians are either absent or present in low numbers due to the highly disturbed habitats onsite and the lack of year-round surface water (Nick Atwell, Port of Portland, personal communication, 2008). According to the Oregon Natural Heritage Information Center, no rare, threatened, or endangered terrestrial species are documented at HIO (ORNHIC, 2008).

4.10.3 Plants Existing vegetation classes at the Airport as shown on Exhibit 4-7 are from the Hillsboro Airport Wildlife Hazard Management Plan (Port of Portland, 2007). Vegetative communities on the Airport are classified in four general types: Emergent and Herbaceous Wetlands, Improved Pasture (areas where Perennial Grass Seed/Hay are purposefully grown), Herbaceous Upland, and Mixed Conifer-Hardwood Forest. All of the vegetative communities have been disturbed by mowing, planting, and clearing, or by the presence of roads and access ways. The Improved Pasture, encompassing most of the Airport, is located along the proposed and existing runway corridor and along the tributary to McKay Creek (north of the proposed runway). These areas are seeded and harvested yearly with rotating crops, according to Airport staff, and were mowed at the time of the investigation (see Vegetation Technical Memorandum, Appendix C.5).Small pockets of wetland were identified in some of these grassy portions of the Airport. In addition, a small section of forest is located in the southern portion of the Airport. According to the Oregon Natural Heritage Information Center (2008) database search, no threatened or endangered plant species have been documented on the Airport or in the surrounding area. Based on the background research, the state list of threatened and endangered plant species potentially occurring on or near the Airport includes the following: Kincaid’s lupine (Lupinus sulphureus var. kincaidii), golden Indian paintbrush (Castelleja levisecta), Willamette daisy (Erigeron decumbens), howellia (Howellia aquatilis), Bradshaw’s lomatium (Lomatium bradshawii), and Nelson’s checker-mallow (Sidalcea nelsoniana).

4.11 Wetlands There are approximately 51 acres of wetlands on HIO (Exhibit 4-8). Airport land and surrounding land on which wetlands have been identified have been developed for public and commercial uses, and consequently, wetlands that are present are managed for purposes other than maintenance of high-quality wetland functions and provide minimal functional value.

4-16 HILLSBORO AIRPORT PARALLEL RUNWAY 12L/30R ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 253RD

273R

SEWELL

253RD

EVERGREEN 12

BEACON

ZACHARY

14TH

H T

KINNEY 264TH

PRAHL ALEX

4 9 T

J CARLABY H O AIRPORT N E 15T S

FARM MOON RISE 20

14TH

H GRIFFIN OAKS 25T

13TH PENN

KATHRYN Y KATHRYN D O O W

4TH K 2 O AIRPORT O THOMAS R B SUNRISE

4 LILAC

7TH

1 KENNEDY 21ST

48TH

30 BAR 2 BER RY ARRI SS CE C NGTON A OLEANDER INDEN T L R L O L A P E IR N OR H C

TH I L L 34 BELKNAP AI RE

20TH

28TH

24 R

LAUR O A 41ST 19TH

H 40TH K

E OLYMPIC W H HYD OLYMPIC

IL 17T 18TH O L H O

16TH W T D

3RD 49TH TH

5 3 3

O JACK 4

1 SON R O 37TH

D 20 34TH D

LEGEND EXHIBIT 4-8 05001,000250 Port Property Stream Wetlands Feet Hillsboro Airport Parallel Runway Data Source: 12L/30R Environmental Assessment Wetlands Port of Portland, 2009

\\ROSA\PROJ\PORTLANDORPORTOF\376585\GIS\MAPFILES\WETLANDS\HIO_WETLANDS.MXD MSULLIV4 7/9/2009 14:46:42 Wetlands are subject to tilling, seeding, and/or mowing on a frequent or regular basis. Very little native vegetation remains in the wetlands. There are three types of wetland resources within the Airport boundary:

 Palustrine emergent, depressional, isolated wetlands

 Palustrine emergent wetlands in or associated with drainages

 Unvegetated stormwater ditches All of the palustrine emergent wetlands are vegetated with non-native agricultural or weedy species, with the possible exception of one drainage that was reported to be planted with native grasses (see Appendix C.6, Wetlands Technical Memorandum).

4.12 Floodplains The Hillsboro Airport lies on high ground spanning two watersheds. Glencoe Swale drains the northern section of HIO, and Dawson Creek drains the southern section (see Exhibit 4-5). The existing regulatory FEMA mapping for the area surrounding the Airport is based on Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs) from 1982. These are the currently approved FEMA maps for the area. They indicate both Glencoe Swale and Dawson Creek are designated as “Zone A” floodplain. Zone A is an area without specified base flood elevations that has not received detailed study, where floodplain limits are approximate. The Watershed 2000 models, created for a re-evaluation of local floodplains, include a detailed analysis of both Glencoe Swale and Dawson Creek. These models represent the latest available information on floodplains in the area. The approximate floodplain water surface elevation for Glencoe Swale at the Airport is 183 feet ft above mean sea level. The approximate floodplain water surface elevation for Dawson Creek at the Airport is 160 feet above mean sea level.

4.13 Hazardous Materials, Pollution Prevention, and Solid Waste The following subsections describe the known sites of potentially contaminated soil and/or groundwater in the vicinity of the Airport, and summarize the sources and volumes of solid waste generated at HIO.

4.13.1 Hazardous Materials In the past few years, the Port has conducted several environmental site assessments for real properties directly adjacent to current Port property, which are summarized in Appendix C.7, Hazardous Materials and Solid Waste. As a result of these investigations the environmental conditions of some of the immediately surrounding real properties are well characterized. No known sites of contaminated soil and/or groundwater fall within the areas that would be affected by the alternatives under consideration.

4-18 HILLSBORO AIRPORT PARALLEL RUNWAY 12L/30R ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 4.13.2 Solid Waste Table 4-3 provides a summary of the wastes generated from operations at the Airport over the last 3 years. The Port of Portland collects and transports the fluorescent light tubes, batteries, and aerosol cans to a central collection point at Portland International Airport due to the small volume of these waste streams in order to facilitate proper handling and disposal.

4.13.3 Pollution Prevention The Airport currently uses a variety of hazardous or potentially toxic materials, such as vehicle and aviation fuels and solvents, which could be released to the environment as a result of a spill, airplane crash, or ground support equipment accident. The Port of Portland addresses pollution prevention through stormwater management, proper storage and handling of hazardous materials, monitoring and control of air emissions, and best management practices for maintenance activities. These policies and procedures are further described in Appendix C.7.

TABLE 4-3 Summary of Waste Streams at Hillsboro Airport Approximate Amount Generated Waste Stream 2006-2008 Disposal Facility Source of Waste Notes

Storm drain 26 pounds/year Hillsboro Maintenance Landfill disposal filters/catch basin cleanout

Municipal solid 3,000 pounds/month Hillsboro Maintenance and Landfill disposal waste tenants

Spent absorbents 83 pounds/year ORRCO Spill cleanup Picked up for energy recovery

Used oil Unknown used for shop heater Maintenance and AST inside maintenance tenants shop feeds burner

Light tubes 82 lamps/year (weight EPS Oregon Maintenance Brought to PDX for pickup unknown) operations

Used batteries 33 pounds/year EPS Oregon Maintenance Brought to PDX for pickup operations

Aerosol cans 61 cans/year (weight Schnitzer (can) Maintenance Cans punctured for unknown) operations recycle at PDX Veolia (contents)

Oily sludge 100 pounds/year ORRCO Used oil AST Picked up for energy clean-outs recovery

ORRCO = Oil Re-Refining Co., Portland, Oregon AST = aboveground storage tank EPS Oregon = Environmental Protective Services, Brooks, Oregon PDX = Portland International Airport Schnitzer = Schnitzer Metal Recycling, Portland, Oregon Veolia = Veolia Environment, Vancouver, Washington Source: Roy Weedman, Port of Portland, personal communication, 2008.

4-19 HILLSBORO AIRPORT PARALLEL RUNWAY 12L/30R ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 4.14 Farmlands Farmlands classified as prime, unique, or of statewide or local significance are monitored under the Farmland Protection Policy Act of 1981 (FPPA). The purpose of the FPPA is to minimize the extent to which federal programs contribute to the unnecessary and irreversible conversion of farmland to non-agricultural uses, and to establish a threshold of significance.7 Projects affecting classified farmlands require notification of the U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS). As directed by the FAA as the lead federal agency, the Port entered into consultation with the NRCS as described in Section 5.13. Table 4-4 provides a summary of farmland as classified by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resource Conservation Service for Port property at Hillsboro Airport.

TABLE 4-4 Existing Farmland at HIO as Classified by NRCS Farmland Classification Acres

Prime farmland if drained 360.9

All areas of prime farmland 90.5

Farmland of statewide importance 182.9

Not prime farmland 330.9

Total Airport land (farmland and non-farmland) 965.2

Source: CH2M HILL analysis of USDA Natural Resource Conservation Service Farmland Classification Map for Washington County, Oregon 2008.

4.15 Natural Resources and Energy Supply The consideration of natural resources, sustainable development, and energy supply is not limited to a specific geographic area. Natural resources that could be affected by proposed development include water supplies, stormwater conveyance systems, and wastewater treatment facilities in the region. The context for the consideration of energy consumption, including use of aviation fuel, is the regional, national, and global availability of fuel and other energy sources. A description of existing conditions follows. Natural resources. Water and sanitary sewer services are provided by City of Hillsboro Public Works. The stormwater system on the Airport is maintained by the Port, and off-airport, by Washington County and Clean Water Services. Electrical service is provided by Portland General Electric. Sustainable development. By implementing sustainable development practices, which are described in Section 5.14, the Port reduces the overall demand for natural resources. Energy supply. Three fixed-base operators (FBOs) at HIO provide jet fuel and low-lead aviation gasoline. In 2007, aircraft at HIO consumed about 2,000 tons (640,000 gallons) of fuel annually.8

7 FAA Order 1050.1E, Change 1, Section 7, Farmlands. 8 CH2M HILL EDMS analysis of 2007 operations.

4-20 HILLSBORO AIRPORT PARALLEL RUNWAY 12L/30R ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Portland General Electric (PGE) provides electrical power to HIO and the surrounding area. As noted in Section 4.17, population in Washington County and the region is forecast to grow at an annual rate 1.5 percent. In addition, a 534-acre tract of primarily agricultural land immediately to the north of the Airport has been added to the Portland Metro Urban Growth Boundary to help provide a 20-year industrial land supply for the Portland region. PGE will continue to increase the capacity of its facilities to accommodate increased demand, including the growth of demand at HIO. 4.16 Light Emissions and Visual Impacts The Airport and its surrounding land uses are shown in Exhibit 4-2. HIO has been a part of this area since 1925 and is an integral part of the visual environment, although Airport lighting is designed to reduce glare and thus rarely intrudes into surrounding areas. Approach lighting systems are an exception to the general character of airport lighting because such systems extend beyond the runway ends and may have flashing lights to guide pilots during periods of low visibility. The existing medium-intensity approach lighting system with indicator lights (MALSR) for Runway 12R extends about 1,400 feet to the northwest of the runway end, crossing Evergreen Road.

4.17 Past, Present, and Reasonably Foreseeable Future Actions Hillsboro is currently on the northwestern edge of urban development extending from the center of Portland; a distance of about 14 air miles. Areas to the north of the Airport are generally agricultural, while areas to the south and east are generally developed in a mixture of urban uses. The area surrounding the Airport has experienced increasing urban development through the conversion of farmland in the recent past, a trend which is planned to continue. An overview of off-Airport and on-Airport development follows. Chapter 6, Cumulative Impacts, provides more detailed information on the potential cumulative impacts of these developments considered in combination with the proposed project. Off-Airport Development Trends. Off-airport development is projected to continue as population in Washington County and the region is forecast to grow at an annual rate 1.5 percent. As shown in Exhibit 4-2, since 2004, a 534-acre tract of primarily agricultural land immediately to the north and east of the Airport, known as the Evergreen Special Industrial District, has been added to the Portland Metro Urban Growth Boundary to help provide a 20- year industrial land supply for the Portland region (see Exhibit 4-2). Over the next 20 years, it is reasonable to assume that this area on the Airport’s northern boundary will be converted from farmland to industrial uses similar to those found elsewhere in the local area. Airport Development Projects. Recent and ongoing Airport development projects include acquisition of areas to the north and east of the current Airport boundaries to accommodate future aviation related development such as GA hangars. The Port plans to extend Taxiway C to the northeast (see Exhibit 3-3).

4-21 HILLSBORO AIRPORT PARALLEL RUNWAY 12L/30R ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT