Vol. 45, No. 2 SPRING 2019 a Look Forward
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The Library of Robert Morris, Civil Rights Lawyer & Activist
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School Boston College Law School Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School Boston College Law School Faculty Papers 6-21-2018 The Library of Robert Morris, Civil Rights Lawyer & Activist Laurel Davis Boston College Law School, [email protected] Mary Sarah Bilder Boston College Law School, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/lsfp Part of the Civil Rights and Discrimination Commons, Legal Biography Commons, Legal History Commons, Legal Profession Commons, Political History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Laurel Davis and Mary Sarah Bilder. "The Library of Robert Morris, Civil Rights Lawyer & Activist." (2018). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in Boston College Law School Faculty Papers by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Library of Robert Morris, Antebellum Civil Rights Lawyer & Activist∗ Laurel Davis** and Mary Sarah Bilder*** Contact information: Boston College Law Library Attn: Laurel Davis 885 Centre St. Newton, MA 02459 Abstract (50 words or less): This article analyzes the Robert Morris library, the only known extant, antebellum African American-owned library. The seventy-five titles, including two unique pamphlet compilations, reveal Morris’s intellectual commitment to full citizenship, equality, and participation for people of color. The library also demonstrates the importance of book and pamphlet publication as means of community building among antebellum civil rights activists. -
Macon Bolling Allen Became the First Licensed African-American Lawyer in the United States
M A C O N B O L L I N G A L L E N Macon Bolling Allen became the first licensed African-American lawyer in the United States. He began practicing law in Massachusetts after being admitted to the Suffolk County bar in 1845. To supplement his career as an attorney, Allen became a justice of the peace in Massachusetts, making him the first African- American judicial official. He relocated to Charleston, South Carolina, and helped form Whipper, Elliot, and Allen, the first known African-American law firm in the United States. C H A R L O T T E E . R A Y Charlotte E. Ray was the first African-American female lawyer in the United States. Born in 1850 to an abolitionist father who owned the newspaper Colored American, Ray grew up around civil rights activism. At age 19, she began teaching at Howard University, with a goal of joining the school’s law program. She applied under the name “C.E. Ray” to disguise her gender. After being admitted, she took classes and taught at the same time, until she graduated as the first black woman to receive a law degree. That same year, she was admitted to the District of Columbia Bar, becoming the first woman to do so. While she opened her own law firm, it was unsuccessful because of prejudice in the community, leading her to move to New York and become a school teacher instead. Ray also was active in the women’s suffrage movement, through her involvement with the National Woman Suffrage Association and the National Association of Colored Women. -
Justice and Jurisprudence and the Black Lawyer J
Notre Dame Law Review Volume 69 Issue 5 Notre Dame Law School 125th Anniversary Article 10 Issue March 2014 Justice and Jurisprudence and the Black Lawyer J. Clay Smith Jr. Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ndlr Recommended Citation J. C. Smith Jr., Justice and Jurisprudence and the Black Lawyer, 69 Notre Dame L. Rev. 1077 (1994). Available at: http://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ndlr/vol69/iss5/10 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by NDLScholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Notre Dame Law Review by an authorized administrator of NDLScholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Justice and Jurisprudence and the Black Lawyer j Clay Smith, Jr.* In 1841, three years before the first African American lawyer was admitted to the bar in the United States, Ralph Waldo Emer- son asked: What is a man born for but to be a Reformer, a Re-maker of what man has made; a renouncer of lies; a restorer of truth and good, imitating that great Nature which embosoms us all, and which sleeps no moment on an old past, but every hour repairs herself, yielding us every morning a new day, and with every pulsation a new life? Emerson answered his inquiry as follows: "Let him renounce every- thing which is not true to him, and put all his practices back on their first thoughts, and do nothing for which he has not the whole world for his reason."' In 1844, Macon Bolling Allen became the first black American to complete a course of study in law and the first black lawyer for- mally introduced to jurisprudence,2 at a time when black people in the nation were considered "far less esteemed than the veriest stranger and sojourner."' Allen's study of law and his admission to the bar must have rocked the ages past, as well as the American experiment of law and equality. -
Guide to the Stephen A. Douglas Papers 1764-1908
University of Chicago Library Guide to the Stephen A. Douglas Papers 1764-1908 © 2014 University of Chicago Library Table of Contents Descriptive Summary 3 Information on Use 3 Access 3 Citation 3 Biographical Note 3 Scope Note 7 Related Resources 9 Subject Headings 9 INVENTORY 9 Series I: Senate and Constituent Correspondence 9 Series II: Political 484 Subseries 1: Correspondence 484 Subseries 2: Campaigns 487 Subseries 3: Commerce and Internal Improvements 490 Subseries 4: Foreign Affairs 494 Subseries 5: Military Affairs 497 Subseries 6: Secession 499 Subseries 7: Slavery 500 Subseries 8: Territories 503 Subseries 9: General 514 Series III: Personal 516 Subseries 1: Autobiography 516 Subseries 2: Correspondence 517 Subseries 3: Travel 523 Subseries 4: Death and Estate 526 Subseries 5: General 529 Series IV: Financial and Legal 532 Subseries 1: Correspondence 532 Subseries 2: Financial 536 Subseries 3: Legal 553 Series V: Artifacts and Ephemera 555 Series VI: Oversize 556 Series VII: Books 569 Descriptive Summary Identifier ICU.SPCL.DOUGLASSA Title Douglas, Stephen A. Papers Date 1764-1908 Size 42.5 linear ft. (65 boxes) Repository Special Collections Research Center University of Chicago Library 1100 East 57th Street Chicago, Illinois 60637 U.S.A. Abstract Stephen A. Douglas, lawyer, judge, politician. The Stephen A. Douglas papers document his professional and personal life from 1764-1908. The collection includes correspondence, speeches, reports, memoranda, notes, financial and legal documents, portraits, maps, ephemera, newspaper clippings, and artifacts. The largest portion of the collection consists of Senate and Constituent correspondence. Information on Use Access This collection is open for research. Citation When quoting material from this collection, the preferred citation is: Stephen A. -
A Monumental Journey a Monumental Journey
A MONUMENTAL JOURNEY A MONUMENTAL JOURNEY PURPOSE A MONUMENTAL JOURNEY, SCULPTURE TO PRESERVE THE LEGACY OF AFRICAN-AMERICAN LAWYERS WHO, IN 1925, FOUNDED THE NATIONAL BAR ASSOCIATION (NBA), FULLY DEDICATED TO CIVIL RIGHTS, JUSTICE, AND EQUALITY IN THE LEGAL SYSTEM. ARTIST KERRY JAMES MARSHALL, MACARTHUR FOUNDATION “GENIUS GRANTEE”. THE ARTIST HAS REACHED INTERNATIONAL FAME FOR PAINTINGS, SCULPTURE, COLLAGE, VIDEO AND PHOTOGRAPHY THAT COMMENT ON THE HISTORY OF BLACK IDENTITY BOTH IN THE UNITED STATES AND IN WESTERN ART. PUBLIC ART FOUNDATION GREATER DES MOINES PUBLIC ART FOUNDATION IS A PRIVATE NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATION. IT RECOGNIZES THAT ART BELONGS NOT JUST IN GALLERIES AND MUSEUM, BUT IN STREETSCAPES, PARKS, BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURES OF A THRINVING COMMUNITY. COLLABORATION SUBSTANCE ARCHITECTURE COLLABORATED WITH THE GREATER DES MOINES PUBLIC ART FOUNDATION (GDMPAF) AND THE ARTIST, KERRY JAMES MARSHALL, TO REALIZE A COLOSSAL, GEOMETRIC SCULPTURE INSPIRED BY THE SHAPE OF AFRICAN TALKING DRUMS. substance architecture a monumental journey A MONUMENTAL JOURNEY Before the Civil War The education of African-American in the North was scattered. Only 1.7% of African-American population of school age attended school. It was a crime to educate slaves in most Southern states. A few black slaves were secretly educated before and after the war, with the knowledge of their slave masters. In the North and the West, some blacks, born free or granted their freedom, received some form of education. At least twenty-eight blacks received college degrees prior to the America’s first black lawyer 1844 Civil War. In 1844, Macon Bolling Allen became the first African-American lawyer in the United States. -
Black History Month
This Black History Month the National Center for State Courts recognizes some of the brave individuals who fought to break barriers and open the judicial system up to the Black community. These early accomplishments proved important to maintaining the legitimacy of the judicial branch and continuing buy-in of the court’s authority from the communities the courts serve. Representation on the bench remains an issue for some jurisdictions. With societal events of 2020 creating a renewed commitment to racial diversity, including the court system, the National Center explores tried and tested methods for establishing a more inclusive bench. An Indiana native, Macon Bolling Allen moved to Maine in 1835 to study law, becoming the first black lawyer in the United States when he was admitted to the 1 Maine Bar in 1844. Allen moved to Boston to practice but found the locals 2 unwilling to welcome an unknown. Allen served as a justice of the peace for two 3 appointments before moving to South Carolina. Image Source: Blackhistory.com A delegate to the 1868 South Carolina Constitutional Convention, Jonathan Jasper Wright was instrumental in shaping the judiciary provisions of the state’s constitution.4 A popular South Carolina lawyer and senator, in 1869 the state senate nominated Wright to the South Carolina Supreme Court, filling an unexpired term and making Justice Wright the first Black lawyer to sit on a state court of last resort.5 Justice Wright was one of three justices on the South Carolina Supreme Court until his opinion in Ex parte Norris was used to force him from the bench as the Reconstruction Era ended.6 Justice Wright’s reputation was finally restored over a hundred years after his unfair ouster from the court.7 Image Source Wright: Wikipedia Image Source S.C. -
Slavery on Trial Studies in Legal History
slavery on trial studies in legal history Published by the University of North Carolina Press in association with the American Society for Legal History Thomas A. Green, Hendrik Hartog, and Daniel Ernst, editors © 2007 The University of North Carolina Press All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America Designed by Kimberly Bryant Set in Quadraat and Quadraat Sans by Tseng Information Systems, Inc. This book was published with the assistance of the Z. Smith Reynolds Fund of the University of North Carolina Press. Parts of this book have been reprinted with permission in revised form from Jeannine DeLombard, ‘‘‘Eye-Witness to the Cruelty’: Southern Violence and Northern Testimony in Frederick Douglass’s 1845 Narrative,’’ American Literature 73:2 (2001): 245–75, © 2001 Duke University Press, all rights reserved, used by permission of the publisher; ‘‘Advocacy ‘in the Name of Charity’? Or Barratry, Champerty, and Maintenance? Legal Rhetoric and the Debate over Slavery in Antebellum Print Culture,’’ REAL: Yearbook of Research in English and American Literature 18 (2002): 259–87; and ‘‘Representing the Slave: White Advocacy and Black Testimony in Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Dred,’’ New England Quarterly 75:1 (March 2002): 80–106. The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data DeLombard, Jeannine Marie. Slavery on trial : law, abolitionism, and print culture / Jeannine Marie DeLombard. p. cm. — (Studies in legal history) Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 978-0-8078-3086-4 (cloth : alk. -
The Evolution of Black Lawyers in Corporate America: from the Road Less Traveled to Managing the Major Highways
\\server05\productn\H\HOW\53-3\HOW308.txt unknown Seq: 1 8-NOV-10 9:06 The Evolution of Black Lawyers in Corporate America: From the Road Less Traveled to Managing the Major Highways MONICA R. HARGROVE* INTRODUCTION ............................................. 750 R I. THE EARLY HISTORY OF AFRICAN-AMERICAN LAWYERS IN THE UNITED STATES ............... 751 R A. African-American Lawyers in the 1800s ............ 751 R 1. Macon Bolling Allen ........................... 752 R 2. Robert Morris .................................. 753 R 3. William Cooper Nell & John S. Rock .......... 754 R 4. Archibald Henry Grimke....................... ´ 756 R 5. Charlotte E. Ray ............................... 758 R 6. William H. Lewis ............................... 759 R 7. James Weldon Johnson ......................... 759 R B. African-American Lawyers in the Early 1900s ...... 762 R 1. Sadie Tanner Mossell Alexander................ 762 R 2. Charles Hamilton Houston ..................... 763 R 3. William H. Hastie .............................. 764 R II. NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR AFRICAN- AMERICAN LAWYERS IN THE MID-1900S ........ 765 R * Monica R. Hargrove began her position as General Counsel of Airports Council Inter- national-North America “ACI-NA” in February 2008. She serves as ACI-NA’s Senior In-House Counsel and directs ACI-NA’s participation in airport-related litigation and policy related to legal matters. Prior to joining ACI-NA, Hargrove served as Associate General Counsel of US Airways and was generally responsible for the legal management of the company’s regulatory matters, including compliance with the Department of Transportation’s domestic and interna- tional regulations, antitrust compliance and counseling, as well as litigation management, envi- ronmental compliance and counseling, and intellectual property management. Hargrove served as a trial attorney for the Antitrust Division of the United States Department of Justice follow- ing her law school graduation. -
Is It Time to Redefine the Negro Lawyer?
Journal of Civil Rights and Economic Development Volume 25 Issue 1 Volume 25, Fall 2010, Issue 1 Article 4 Is it Time to Redefine the Negro Lawyer? Victoria L. Brown-Douglas Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.stjohns.edu/jcred Part of the Race and Ethnicity Commons This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at St. John's Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Civil Rights and Economic Development by an authorized editor of St. John's Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. IS IT TIME TO REDEFINE THE NEGRO LAWYER? VICTORIA L. BROwN-DOUGLAS* In 1928, a young High School student wrote to W.E.B. DuBois about the use of the word "Negro."I DuBois wrote back to him: Do not at the outset of your career make the all too common error of mistaking names for things. Names are only conventional signs for indentifying things. Things are the reality that counts. If a thing is despised ... you will not alter matters by changing its name. If men despise Negroes, they will not despise them less if Negroes are called 'colored' or 'Afro-Americans' . The name merely evokes what is already there ... And then too, without the word that mans us, where are all those spiritual ideals, those inner bonds, those group ideals and forward strivings of this might army of 12 millions? ... Your real work, my dear young man, does not lie with names. 2 It is not a name - 3 it's the Thing that counts. -
The Library of Robert Morris, Antebellum Civil Rights Lawyer & Activist
Boston College Law School Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School Boston College Law School Faculty Papers 9-1-2019 The Library of Robert Morris, Antebellum Civil Rights Lawyer & Activist Laurel Davis Boston College Law School, [email protected] Mary Sarah Bilder Boston College Law School, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/lsfp Part of the Civil Rights and Discrimination Commons, Legal Biography Commons, Legal History Commons, Legal Profession Commons, Political History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Laurel Davis and Mary Sarah Bilder. "The Library of Robert Morris, Antebellum Civil Rights Lawyer & Activist." Law Library Journal 111, no.4 (2019): 461-508. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in Boston College Law School Faculty Papers by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LAW LIBRARY JOURNAL Vol. 111:4 [2019-17] The Library of Robert Morris, Antebellum Civil Rights Lawyer and Activist* Laurel Davis** and Mary Sarah Bilder*** The Robert Morris library, the only known extant, antebellum African American– owned library, reveals its owner’s intellectual commitment to full citizenship and equality for people of color. Although studies of lawyers’ libraries have focused on large collections, this article provides a model for interpreting small libraries, par- ticularly where few personal papers remain extant. Introduction .........................................................462 The Library ..........................................................465 Massachusetts Self-Made Man ..........................................468 Legal Apprenticeship ..................................................471 African American Identity and the Politics of Poetry ......................473 Early Civil Rights: Roberts v. -
The Historical Journey of Black Women to the Nation's Highest Courts
Black Women Judges: The Historical Journey of Black Women to the Nation’s Highest Courts THE H ON . A NNA B LACKBURNE -R IGSBY * INTRODUCTION . 646 I. BENEFITS TO HAVING A DIVERSE APPELLATE JUDICIARY . 649 II. PLACING THE FIRST BLACK MALE JUDGES AND FIRST WHITE WOMEN JUDGES INTO HISTORICAL CONTEXT . 652 A. Reconstruction: 1865-1877 . 653 B. End of Reconstruction: 1877 . 654 C. The Women’s Suffrage Movement: 1800-1920. 655 D. World War I: 1914-1918 (America entered the war in 1917) . 656 E. Great Migration: 1910-1930 . 657 F. World War II: 1939-1945 (America entered the war in 1941) . 658 * The Hon. Anna Blackburne-Rigsby is an Associate Judge on the District of Columbia Court of Appeals. She was nominated to the court by President George W. Bush in 2006. Prior to that, she served for six years on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia, nominated in 2000 by President William Jefferson Clinton. Prior to that appointment, she served for five years as a Magistrate Judge on the District of Columbia Superior Court. Judge Blackburne-Rigsby is married to Judge Robert R. Rigsby, Associate Judge of the District of Columbia Superior Court and a Colonel and Military Judge in the United States Army Reserves. They have one son, Julian. Judge Blackburne-Rigsby is the daughter of Justice Laura D. Blackburne, retired, New York State Supreme Court. Judge Blackburne-Rigsby acknowledges with gratitude the assistance of her research assis- tant, Precious Boone, Esq., a graduate of Cornell Law School. Judge Blackburne-Rigsby also acknowledges the assistance of Dr. -
Elba Rose Galvan
NYLJ.COM | WEDNESDAY, MAY 1, 2013 | 9 ‘Realizing the Dream: Equality for All’ Explore the movement for civil and human rights; reflect on the work that remains. Marking 50 Years of ‘Gideon’ The Pursuit of Justice: A Constant Striving right to a lawyer to represent trial unless counsel is provided them, regardless of their ability for him,” id., had the humblest of to pay. The court wrote: beginnings. Clarence Earl Gideon From the very beginning, was a drifter and a gambler with Jonathan Lippman our state and national con- an 8th-grade education and a stitutions and laws have laid string of burglary convictions. He A. Gail Prudenti had been charged with committing Chief Judge great emphasis on procedural Chief Administrative Judge State of New York and substantive safeguards a felony by breaking and entering a designed to assure fair trials pool hall with the intent to commit New York State before impartial tribunals in petit larceny. His request to have Unified Court System his year on Law Day we cel- on Washington and Dr. Martin which every defendant stands a lawyer appointed to represent Tebrate the principle of equality Luther King Jr.’s world-changing equal before the law. This him at trial was denied, and he uman progress is neither King’s memorable words reso- under the law with the Law Day “I Have a Dream” speech. These noble ideal cannot be realized proceeded to represent himself. ‘Hautomatic nor inevitable…. nate more powerfully than ever theme of “Realizing the Dream: transforming words of two great if the poor man charged with He was convicted and sentenced Every step toward the goal of jus- and reinvigorate the judiciary’s Equality for All.” Equality and American heros continue to reso- crime has to face his accusers to five years in prison.