U3A Clitheroe ~ Architecture Group Victorian People’s Palaces (BBC 4) Architectural historian Dr Jonathan Foyle explores some of the best Georgian and Victorian neo-classical civic buildings in the north of England. He visits town halls, concert halls, libraries, schools and galleries in Liverpool, Leeds, Bradford, Manchester and Todmorden in an unlikely story. [This is a 2 programme short series. The first one is available as a complete entity. The second programme is split into 4 x 15 minute sections. Revisit many of the sites the group has visited over the past few years.] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vgKpw-vAL88&t=9s People’s Palaces: Neo Classical (59 min) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sg9e-KAyLmg People’s Palaces 1 (The Gothic Revival) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bYp10cCFdNo People’s Palaces 2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UP5Tt3E1k7s People’s Palaces 3 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Jc05vcN3uo People’s Palaces 4

Richard Taylor: Pugin God’s Own Architect In this programme, Richard Taylor restores Pugin to his rightful place as one of the giants of the Victorian age by taking us into his Gothic fantasy land. From the Houses of Parliament to Alton Towers, from thousands of churches throughout the country to the details and furnishings of suburban family houses, Pugin changed the face of Britain with his visionary Gothic architecture. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WevOim4F3dk Pugin God’s Own Architect 1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sWchXRp4E7Q Pugin God’s Own Architect 2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m60TGUjrGmE Pugin God’s Own Architect 3 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K5F1zYJTq9c Pugin God’s Own Architect 4

Pugin the God of Gothic (Ramsgate, Kent) Time Team Special 25 (2007) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pHoh2cW6SDg

Tony Robinson, with the help of experts like Grand Designs' Kevin McCloud, discovers how in just 20 working years, architect Augustus Pugin changed the face of Britain.

George Gilbert Scott: the family that built Gothic Britain (1hr 16 min) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ViJgigV6lLM

Historian and TV presenter Dan Cruickshank presents The Churches Conservation Trust’s 2015 Annual Lecture, exploring the triumphant and tragic story of the greatest architectural dynasty of the 19th century – Sir George Gilbert Scott, his son George Junior and grandson Giles. Following on from the 2014 BBC documentary, Dan Cruickshank and the Family That Built Gothic Britain, this lecture explores the impact of the Gilbert Scott family on our nation’s architecture, with a particular focus on the churches in the care of The Churches Conservation Trust, the national charity protecting historic churches at risk.

Medieval Architects of the Divine: The First Gothic Age (59:02min) deo unavailable https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x3ybrf9

Medieval historian Dr Janina Ramirez looks back to a time when British craftsmen and their patrons created a new form of architecture. The art and architecture of France would dominate England for much of the medieval age. Yet British stone masons and builders would make Gothic architecture their own, inventing a national style for the first time - Perpendicular Gothic - and giving Britain a patriotic backdrop to suit its new ambitions of chivalry and power. From a grand debut at Gloucester Cathedral to commemorate a murdered king to its final glorious flowering at King's College Chapel in Cambridge, the Perpendicular age was Britain's finest.

1 U3A Clitheroe ~ Architecture Group Georgian What defines Georgian architecture? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yZz8zQe-zKU Architect Alex Oliver highlights the features one would expect on a Georgian-style property and discusses the subtle nuances that really make a difference when it comes to a successful design

Classical The Classical Orders A conversation with Dr. Steven Zucker & Dr. Beth Harris https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nrRJkzXl4a4 In classical architecture, the Orders consist of variations of an assembly of parts made up of a column (usually with a base), a capital, and an entablature. These structural units may be repeated and combined to form the elevation of a building and its architectural vocabulary. There are eight Orders in total: Doric (Greek and Roman versions), Tuscan, Ionic (Greek and Roman), Corinthian (Greek and Roman), and Composite. The simplest is the Tuscan, supposedly derived from the Etruscan-type temple. It has a base and capital and a plain column. The Doric is probably earlier, however, its Greek version having no base, as on the Parthenon. The Ionic Order, with its twin volute capitals, originated in Asia Minor in the mid-6th century B.C.E. The Corinthian Order was an Athenian invention of the 5th century B.C.E. and was later developed by the Romans. The Composite Order is a late Roman combination of elements from the Ionic and Corinthian Orders.

Classical Architecture: Three Fallacies Article in the Architects Journal, 7 May 2010 Classicism has been wronged, argues Architect, Professor Robert Adam. Although its longevity proves people still want classical buildings, three fallacies about style, relevance and authenticity are used to justify the hostility it receives from the profession. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=azM0MzgjvnM

Classical City Guide: New York https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CbZhyQ0op-w The ICAA is pleased to introduce the Classical City Guide, a new series of videos showcasing architecture in cities and regions across the United States and around the world. Join ICAA Instructor and Architectural Historian Francis Morrone for the first film, exploring classical buildings and sites across the New York City boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn.

Modern ARTiculations When did Modern Architecture really begin (6:57) https://youtu.be/Ym2CGp69oBQ

The Case for Brutalist Architecture https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VGwVAxRHxgM

Why Do People Hate Modern Architecture? (10.15) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CgseG3VTGsM

TED Why glass towers are bad for city life -- and what we need instead – TED talk Justin Davidson https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=48x_00Iy0ac

The emotional impact of architecture TED talk Michael Murphy) 15:38) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MvXZzKZ3JYQ&list=PLOGi5-fAu8bGdg9T2ky9bz1KKcTwTmfZD

2 U3A Clitheroe ~ Architecture Group Architecture is more than a clever arrangement of bricks. In this eloquent talk, Michael Murphy shows how he and his team look far beyond the blueprint when they're designing. Considering factors from airflow to light, theirs is a holistic approach that produces community as well as (beautiful) buildings. He takes us on a tour of projects in countries such as Rwanda and Haiti, and reveals a moving, ambitious plan for The Memorial to Peace and Justice, which he hopes will heal hearts in the American South.

Professor Simon Thurley, Chief Executive of English Heritage (Gresham College Lectures) Making England in the Shadow of Rome, 410-1130 (56:42) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsHl48Wnudc&t=76s When the English nation rose out of the ruins of the Roman Province of Britannia, people remained obsessed with their Roman past. Seismic social and political change in 1066 barely upset the vision of patrons and architects and Rome remained England's cultural capital driving the imagination of its architects.

Reaching for Heaven 1130 – 1300 (56:16) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b8zPMIzw08Y During the thirteenth century Jerusalem surplanted Rome as the inspiration for English architecture. Huge national wealth led to an outburst of building of great creativity and individuality. The new gothic style which emerged by the 1220s was a national style for England creating some of the most remarkable buildings in European history.

How the Middle Ages were built: Exuberance to Crisis 1300 – 1408 (59:33) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0KaPCPIAMek England's economic success peaked in 1300 amidst a riot of architectural excess and was followed by a series of disasters which lasted much of the fourteenth century. Yet against a catastrophic background English architectural individualism flourished and out of radically changed social structures an architectural consensus emerged.

How the Middle Ages were built: Coming of Age 1408 – 1530 (63:34) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4rwjWmt5768 Against a background of political instability architectural initiative was captured by a new class of patrons who built in a style that expressed confidence in their worldly position and fear of the afterlife. On the eve of the Reformation English architecture reached a perfection to be destroyed by Henry VIII and new world order.

The End of the Old World Order 1530 – 1650 (59:27) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OBSmYzoHNXc The Reformation and the Civil War, two events a century apart, created an astonishing originality and independence in English Building.

The Rise of Consensus: 1650 to 1760 (56:08) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tBhx98WIM5w Opened up to the world once more England drank in influences and ideas from abroad which were to infuse English building with widely held ideas and values.

English Architecture, 1760 to 1830: Engine House (59:09) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mioyh9rHcvk England's take off as the first industrial nation created a whole new language of building underpinned by technology and by an emerging view of the rest of the world.

English Architecture, 1830 to 1914: On Top of The World (58:42) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4hp47G--ZbU&t=429s Economic dominance brings cultural dominance and the architecture of Empire was, in part, a template for the world. But as the century turned there were already signs of big changes which were to go on to shape the England we now live in.

3 U3A Clitheroe ~ Architecture Group

Building the Victorian City: Splendour and Squalor (56:08) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eJ2djqrdyj8 By 1900 Britain had produced the world's largest cities and the first industrial cities. These phenomena led to vast technical, social and architectural challenges. Victorian architects and engineers met these with some of the most impressive feats of construction since the cathedrals of the middle ages.

English Architecture and the First World War (52:15) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0PIdQj_yV1A&t=30s The First World War had a devastating effect on Britain. Human and economic loss was accompanied by a loss of confidence and direction. This lecture looks at both the cultural effects of the War and its architectural impact. Both saw a struggle to reconcile a rejection of the pre-war world and a longing for it.

Forwards and Backwards: Architecture in inter-war England - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8wiP8yrM0fE&t=6s The First World War brought far reaching changes to England. These included a huge expansion of the suburbs, the massive growth of motoring and a debate about how England should look in the future. This was not a simple battle between conservationists and developers; it was a search for the soul of England.

Coming to Terms with Modern Times: English architecture in the post-war era (49:43) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a2FfaUM7Hdk The Second World War intensified and magnified debates that had been current amongst architects since 1914. It also marks a fault line in English architectural history. Architects, supported by politicians, decisively moved away from tradition and sought to create a new language of architecture. Some loved it, but unfortunately the public grew to hate it.

The Building of England: Retrospect and Prospect 410 AD to 2000 (48:56) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nLvsD6qS030 In this the final lecture in his series on the history of English building Simon Thurley looks back. What can be concluded from a survey of 1,400 years of English architecture and social life? How English is English building and how are Saxon halls and modern skyscrapers intimately related?

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