May 1918 1S Cents

LIBERATOR» MAY 1918 1S CENTS

HYGO. GELLERr

THE DRAMATIC WORKS OF Under the Cloak of GERHART HAUPTMANN Patriotism [AUTHORIZED EDITION] In the sinister intere re advantage of the war to crush the movements for Ia ib Heart of Russia erty among the orkers and MARK the people The menace of these attacks BOOKS to the liberty in Alone! America is not generally recog- eatest living nized, because the truth is not amatist is now available in a trans- 1 Civil Liberties of which the London Si Seen ow Si pamphle ran strong in her veins. full set will be sent on receipt aby jeft_ the land of moonflowers of 30c, single copies 3c and handle cherry blossoms, and travele omplicat of Silesian an¢ Civil Liberties Berlin dialects ir gradations, i seross the dreary, trackl judgment and war-torn s just and. fitting in steppes—into the grim and heart of Russia, And there she found— the remarkable thing: found—the amazi riences Const Rights in War inad—you ean read about in a Free Speech ‘and Free Pr (extracts from th W. Huebsch is like the incense burning in a 233 FIFTH AVENUE NEW YORK ‘The Outrage on Rev. Herbert S. Bigelow of Cincinnati (Oct: Miss Amerikanka Mob. Okla, (Nov. 6, 1917). An interpretation, at once By Olive Gilbreath Tulsa, the Christian Pac eles, by Not scientific and eloquent, of poetry in life, and its relation to the But you would never poetry in literature stance. Olive Gilby of Kate Rich to China North Dal ENJOYMENT OF POETRY Siberia and Russia. And ow War's Hereties By MAX EASTMAN trip grew this romance that started d M. T jentious Objector in Editor of The Liberator the Chinese Express whirled the United St igh th ate wilds of Siberia Formerly in. Philosoph tells of Russian aristocracy from caer ie inside—of a German intrigue and d of the Amazons” and Other tragedy that wed—of Poems, ete assionate love of an Amer National Civil Liberties Bureau a simple-souled Russiai 70 Fifth Ave., New York City $1.25 Postpaid full set at your bookselle Send to U those checked Offered by Charles Scribner's d lose yourself in the spell s fascinating story Su Name Sons through The Liberator Book Shop. Address HARPER & BROTHERS, Established 1817 J

CONTRIBUTING EDITORS THE LIBERATOR Cornelia Barns Ellen La Motte Eprror, Max Eastman Howard Brubaker Robert Minor Mawaomo Eprror, Crystal Eastman K. R. Chamberlain John Reed Dell Hugo Gellert Boardman Robinson Associate Epiror, Floyd Arturo Giovannitti Louis Untermeyer Published Monthly by the Charles T. Hallinan Charles W. Wood Liperator Puarisni1nc Co., Inc Helen Keller Art Young 34 Union Square East, New York City Subscription Rates: Copytieht, 19:8, by, the Liberator Publishing Co, Ine $1.50aYear. Half Yearly, 75 cents. Foreign, $2.00. o sf Ulion ‘Square, New York entry as second lass matter at the post offce to Newadealers on Application. “Application 2 for oP New "York Gity pending Rates on Bundle Orders and

Editorial Announcements :

@ After two months of suspense, we- have through the courtesy of the State Department succeeded in locating John Reed. This assures the continuation of his vivid first-hand accounts of Russian developments. His next article will’contain a character-portrait of Leon Trotzky. @ Morris Hillquit has asked us to give him another month for his article on The International Situation. Is Doing @ The article by James Weldon Johnson on What the Negro for Himself has unavoidably been postponed to the June number.

The High Cost of Living Other Books by Frederic C. Howe Why War? fact. $1.50 net. FREDERIC C. HOWE ‘A mine of political at the Port of New York. The Modern City and Its Problems issioncr of Immigration and ideals, $1.50 net. The high cost of living is not a war product, but the Perspective, information result of a change in the economic foundations of European Cities at Work fces will continue to rise after ‘An authoritative st al steps are taken to prevent it Europe. ‘What these needed secured—how Privilege and Democracy in America problem—is to y of our unfinished struggle $1.50 net, Published by Charles Scribner's Sons The Hope of Democracy Orde The Liberator Book Shop ‘on municipal problems.” $1.50 net.

| THE LIBERATOR

Vol. 1, No. 3 May, 1918 randum,” although the theoretic principles of Social- Editorials ism contributed the intellectual frame-work, the language is practical, active, and of immediate applica- CARL s. BURG sends me this quotation from tion. It shows that judgment is being used about con- the letters of Thomas Jefferson. It voices an ideal- crete problems, and not merely deductions made from ism that is the brightest thing in our political history, abstract ideas. Combined with the Program of the and that shone hard through times of trial for those British Labor Party, upon which we commented last who put their faith in revolutionary liberty. month, this memorandum outlines a future for the “The liberty of the whole earth was depending on world to which every man and woman of revolutionary the issue of the contest (the French Revolution) and hope must e hand and voice and effort. was ever such a prize won with so little innocent blood? My own affections have been deeply wounded The New Solidarity by some of the martyrs to this cause, but rather than have seen half the earth NOT only aid icialists and labor men unite in the it should have failed I would socialists desolated; were there but an Adam and an Eve left Inter-Allied Conference at London, but country, and left free, it would be better than who have been anti-war united with those who have in ever been pro-war, in this final fight for international and as it now is.” The thing we have most to be thankful for is that a industrial democracy today in Wash- he basis of this renewed solidarity is clear enough reflection of this ardent spirit shines revo- ington. A great revolution looks to us again across ‘The hypothesis of international working-class the seas for sympathy. We have given it. And for lution against war was tried out by Lenine and Trot- recognition. Shall we not give that? sky, and it failed. Whether it failed entirely because of the backwardness of German and Austrian working classes, or partly also because of the attitude of The Labor and Socialist Conference Allied governments, has become an historic question. JS the “Memorandum on War-Aims” of the inter- It failed. As a result of this example, however, the allied Jabor and Socialist conference at London* British Labor Party gathered strength of revolu- there is not only more wisdom than in any document tionary conviction, and now promises a new drive in yet issued on the war, but there is also a practicality the same direction modified by the lesson of that ex- and a tone of confidence that are the expression of ac- periment. And moreover Woodrow Wilson, with mes- tive strength. Two astonishing reflections came to me sages to Congress that have shocked the Allied im- after I read that memorandum. First that the war has perialists and astonished the world, has practically almost completely identified organised labor in the taken the leadership in international diplomacy of the allied countries of Europe with the Socialist movement. British Labor Party. It was inevitablé that these de- And second that the war has compelled the Socialists velopments should draw together those socialists who to think. In this meeting at London the distinction were sincere in believing that the revolutionaries of between “Labor Men” and Socialists was lost and for- Germany would act if given an opportunit: and those gotten entirely; and in the wisdom of its “memo- socialists who were sincere in not believing it. in Europe, there is evidence “Published in full by The New Republi In America, as well as

6 THE LIBERATOR of such a drawing togeth: r of socialists. Indeed I can —the Proletarian Revolution—was not a fact when see no important obstacle to it except the attitude of the St. Louis Convention met. Joha Spargo, who unfortunately occupies a strategic ‘The President’s statements are more definite and Position at the present juncture, having gotten rstride direct than they were last spring and summer, and if of a newly and hastily created political party. Spargo Spargo doesn’t know it, the Allied imperialists do is evidently afraid that he will lose his seat if he does know it to their woeful astonishment. Also Spargo not perpetuate the division and stir up all the per- does know it. sonal rancor out of it that he can. I impute such The British Labor Party has changed its way of ignoble motives to him, only because I can think of backing the war from that of a confused patriotic re- no other human motive adequate to explain the willful form body to that of an active internationalistic social slander and falsification of fact in the interviews revolutionary power, since a year ago. Spargo knows which he is feeding to capitalist papers. that too. “Of course,” he says, “‘the socialists who are now ‘The anti-war socialists have not “come to recognize recanting their position have to find some excuse, and that the American people repudiate their stupidity.” they are saying that the change is justified by the As Spargo is well aware, the “American people” know changed conditions in Russia, by the President's in- nothing about the science of society and history which sistence on democratic principles and by the action underlay the hypothesis upon which they decided to of the British Labor party in supporting the war. act. A shallow heart may crow over the failure of the This is the veriest camouflage. It is a form of intel- Bolshevik experiment to succeed; every steadfast lectual cowardice of the most craven kind. The Rus- mind will give thanks that some man among those who sian revolution was a fact when the St. Louis conven- have so long preached it, had the scientific courage to tion met. Russia's needs were discussed at the con- carry it through. vention and by the committee which formulated the The Socialists are sincere, and there is nothing in policy that was adopted.” the remainder of Spargo’s article, which I do not “The statements of our war aims by the President quote, to prove their insincerity. It is a sophistical in recent addresses are no more definite and direct in attempt by speaking of them all as a single individual their democratic assurances than were the addresses to make them look false because one does not agree which had already been made before the St. Louis with another. convention met.” If anyone can explain this spitefully untruthful “Finally, the British Labor party was backing the attack by John Spargo upon men whose integrity of war a year ago, just as it is today. There is, therefore, mind and heart he knows and has trusted for years, not an atom of justification in fact for the excuses in a more under \ding way than T have, I hope he offered by these socialists for their change of heart will write to me. Ihave to think Spargo is afraid that and mind, The truth is that they have come at length the solidarity of social-r volutionary forces, which is bound to come in Ameri to recognize that the American people repudiate th as it has come in England, stupidity. ‘Through their dense ignorance of America will not yield so much pleasure for his personal ego- and American principles a glimmering ray of under tism as the present situation which plays him up as the puller-in for a new political side-show. standing has at last penetrated.” “The repentance is, so far as I can judge, as insin- cere as it is belated.” Flavors of Sedition These sentences are printed in quotation marks on AT the time when this editorial is read some of my the editorial page of The Ne York Tribune. Every best friends and I will be on trial for sedition and statement contained in them is false, and every emo- disloyalty to the republic. The specific charge against tion conveyed by them is petty. us is that, in publishing our opinions in a magazine The Russian Revolution that has affected our minds called The Masses, we did feloniously and maliciously

May, 1918 7 and not respectably conspire to discourage enlist- and heinous and nefarious but respectable article, ment in the armed forces of the United States. The which would be more likely to discourage enlistment extreme penalty for this crime under the espionage than all the articles and pictures ever published in The

law is 20 years and $10,000 fine. Some of us have 20 Masses put together, promptly issued a mandate to the years, but none of us has ten thousand dolla: and so New York Postmaster ordering its exclusion from the ‘we do not expect the extreme penalty even if we are mails He was acting of course upon a very stupid convicted, but it is worth while to note that we stand and literal deduction from the exact words that were in jeopardy to this extent, because it demonstrates used in the exclusion and indictment of The Masses very lucidly the importance of being respectable. and other socialistic publications. I am compelled to Indictments are almost always drawn up by people think that his brains must be made out of machinery, with a limited understanding of the nature of crime, for I do not know of any case in which anybody but a and although they gather together all the words they professor of formal logic ever condueted his reasoning can think of which mean bad and terrible, they rarely in so ineptly consistent a manner. He was, to my hit upon the combination which exactly expresses infinite relief, and the r f of every person of culti- that in an act which brings it within the con- vated feeling, promptly over-ridden by his superiors, demnation of the cour Thus I think that in adding and a second mandate dispatched to the New York

the words not respectably to our indictment I have Postmaster explaining that although the first c made a discrimination that is really. essential to munication might have been “so unfortunately worded

the conduct of the case. I am sure that Mr. as to fully warrant” such action, neverthele there Barnes, in pondering the prosecution, is dismayed by was of course no intention of the Post Office depart- any residual atomic shreds of respectability that may ment to exclude the Metropolitan from the mails. crop up in the personal history of any of the defend- Thus it became evident that however stupid the sub- ants, And Mr. Hillquit on the other hand, if he takes ordinates may’ be, who draw up indictments and dis- my advice, will diligently collate all the circumstances patch automatic communications from the capital, the tending to show that whatever the defendants did, and proprieties of justice aré understood by the adminis- however feloniously and maliciously and heinously and trative officers of the republic. And the respectable nefariously, was done in a very bath and atmospheric felonies, that enliven the pages of The Metropolitan, associations and connections. and the Kansas City Star, and Collier's, nd the news- presst re of respectable Only in this manner can he get the case elevated to papers of William R. Hearst, may that plane where the indictment will seem to have been punity, as they should do of course in a society whose to ultimate and really admired ideal is respectability a mistake—as it would be a mistake, for instance, indict under the same statute the Editor and certain Max Eastman.

heady contributors of the Metropolitan Magazine. DISTINGUO I was sincerely dismayed the other day when our fREEDOM, yes, but a Freedom combed and curled, most esteemed and accepted journalist, William Hard, A safe, tame Freedom, eating from the hand, published in the Metropolitan an article showing that A Freedom which will lie down at command, in her profession of anti-im- Not this wild wench whose scarlet flag unfurled ‘America is not honest ‘Threatens our cozy, comfortable world perial war-aims, that she is in fact imperialistic, and With voice like thunder echoing through the land, so diabolically imperialistic that the German Kaiser Who tramps the highway with her ragged band and admire, and that he might Of va-nu-pieds from the depths upwhirled. would be moved to eavy God save us from her—We've no use for kings, express his admiration, as at least he does in the fancy Crowns are obnoxious, scepters are taboo, of this article, by pinning a “double-headed eagle” upon But lawyers, plutocrats, are sacred things. President Wilson’s bre st—I was dismayed, I say, to Touch not the Black Coat, lest you should undo

The very woof of life and fling destroyed, see that some perfect automaton in the Post Office Our spinning earth to chaos and the void. department, after reading this malicious and felonious Lizinka Campbell Turner.

This and That T takes all kinds of people to make New York, including POKER winnings are taxable, the Internal Revenue Bureau those who are calm under the perils of democracy but rales, but losses may not be deducted from incomes. Per- draw the line at spoiling the grass in Central Park to make with no military tastes may patriotically devote their Liberty Loan trenches, evenings to increasing the public revenues. QUE best wishes to Wall Street in its new campaign against COLLECTOR EDWARDS of the Wall Street revenue the wildcat concerns. Among the speculator’s inalienable office says the war tax hits the rich hard; John D. rights is that of losing his money to ‘egular, respectable Rockefeller may have to pay 38 million dollars on an annual people income of sixty millions. How is John D. expected to make ‘HAT movement to curb luxuries for the duration of the ends meet with only $413,000 in the envelope on Saturday war might be called “The Deelight Saving Act.” night? JN pinning some new tinware upon the Crown Prince, the (CHARLES E. HUGHES is president of a new society to * Kaiser telegraphed: promote closer relations between this country and Italy “I am convinced that the brave and war-proved regiment Well; maybe he will have better luck as a harmonizer than will always be worthy of its princely Chief.” he had in Californi The headline man missed his chance ‘aiser Damns Army with Faint Praise.” ‘HE Prussian government has broken its promise of universal secret stiffrage and is substituting a crooked scheme OST of the German papers have been quoting with of plural voting. Obviously any people who would continue cynical glee from a writer in the New York Times who to put up with that kind of government deserves to have it. said we must take Mexico for reasons of military necessity ‘Thus the Times, denouncing democratic-minded people as unpatriotic, sticks a knife into its Uncle Samuel's floatin PRESIDENT LOWELL of Harvard says that professors ribs, should be allowed to tell the truth as they see it, without restraint, on any subject, in the class-room and out, in books and in periodicals—in short, that institutions of learning ‘HE Tageblatt says the New York Times “represents in some way are public opinion in Ameri What hope is there for a related to the diffusion of knowledge. people who ai as superstitious as that? ‘HE alacrity with which politicians of both parties are RUSSIA'S sentiments on German and Japan seem to be, climbing upon the suffrage bandwagon suggests that we “T could be unhappy with ther, were the other dear will have a new slogan for the coming camp: charmer away.” Votes From Women | Howarp Brupaxen, NELSON MORRIS, the meat packer, testifies that $800 a year (with two pairs of shoes apiece), is plenty for a workingman’s family of five. His employees, he says, think more of the present than of the future—a touch of gayety INTO GREEN PASTURES that is needed in this all too sombre world, FIELDS where sunshine warms green grass, [HE House investigation shows that the navy has done its And the careless breezes pass— duty with great efficiency and skill. This is sad news for Here, out of the crowded slum, the Navy League, which is carrying on a private little war with Secretary Daniels. Women, men, and children, come! But their steps are halted then A JAPANESE has discovered that America’s secret am- By the jeers of Business Men: bition is the annexation of Kamchatka; (Business of “Enter not—we paid the price. digging up the old geography to discover where, if any place, Kamchatka is, or are.) Do not taint our Paradise!” ‘THE Supreme Court of Indiana has declared the state- Is this all our boasting’s worth wide prohibition law unconstitutional. The same court Of a brotherhood on earth? recently saved the people from a woman’s suffrage law. In- Are green field and forest glen dianians might put in an order for a little of th self. Made by God for Business Men? determination everybody is talking about. Clement Wood. May, 1918

‘Arthur Young “Will you tell me what time the train that starts for Louisville reaches Glenside, and where I can change cars for Caldwell?” “Madam, I just told you all that.” “Yes, but I have a friend who wants to know.” Just Before the Drive Pages from An Italian Diary, by Inez Haynes Irwin Udine, Wednesday, October 17, 1917. the Austrians. But it has come back to Italy again. A very JE left Rome for our ten days in the Italian war zone last short while ago, it was in Italia Irredenta, but now it is in evening in a pouring rain, The station was filled with Italia Redenta, It is about thirty miles irom Udine. soldiers going back to the war zone, and their womenfolk We rode in one of the military cars and at the military were taking gay or despairing leave of them according to speed. We passed all the signs of the war, except the actual their temperament. How often in France, in England and in fighting or the return of the wounded, so many soldiers in Italy, we have pushed our way through these knots of won- fact that had I been told I had seen a hundred thousand, I en. Some are silent and stark and others are weeping agon- would have believed it. We passed hospitals with great red izedly, but all trying to control themselves—at least until the crosses painted on their roofs—for the information of hostile car is out of sight aviators, of course. We passed transport of all kind, mar- ‘When we woke in the morning we had passed Padua. Then tial and civilian; indignant cows who had been pressed into came Mestre. We went past the familiar marshes and the alien service of carrying heavy loads; strings of the huge lagoons—stopped. It w: jous sensation to know that velvety oxen, wide-horned and mouse-colored, of the coun- Venice with all her faded luscious loveliness lay there right try; mules, horses, camions, carts bearing all kinds of mys- at our hand and we could not get out even to look at her terious loads that were covered snugly both from the rain In that high screening station, we might have been in and from our prying eyes. And three times we passed rest- Chielsea, Massachusetts, or Hoboken, New Jersey, or Oa stations, where all the men seemed to be washing. They and, California. washed everywhere. Groups of them knelt at troughs, foun- And soon now, turning north towards Udine, the Headquar- tains, rivulets, employing the immemorial cleaning process ters town, we were passing all the definite evidence of war of the country, beating the soiled clothes with stones. And soldiers and soldiers and soldiers in the picturesque long every bush, every wall, every door, every window, every roof capes of Italy, of the magically vanishing green-grey color; held drying masculine garments of some sort, war-carabinieri with their big, three-cornered hats; troop- trains; hospital trains with huge red crosses painted on their roofs and small ones painted on their sides; some of them Aguilea, We went first to the church, where, at Christmas with shutters down and moving fast, full of their bloody last ear, General Cadorna and all his staff went to mass; burdens; others with windows open, cots all ready, the bed- on that day, according to old-time rites, the priest preached clothes turned nicely aside, waiting to welcome their respon- his sermon with a drawn sword across the book...In this sibility of torn flesh. chureh there stands on a pillar a bust of the dead Christ, done A little after twelve we arrived at Udine...You could by a wounded eighteen-year-old soldier during his convale hardly see the town for the soldiers. ‘They poured—arriving cence in the hospital. In his illness there appeared to him a —from the station into the square and flooded—departing— vision of a brother who had been killed in the war, and this from the square to the station; shouldering their little trunks is a translation of that vision into marble. It is an extraor- ‘or dragging them or followed by porters, who carried them, dinarily striking, haunting performanee—the head of the soldiers in capes of dun green-grey;; soldiers in coats of dun Christ set at a droop, the tossed long fiir, still stiff with pain green-grey; soldiers in mackintoshes of a brilliant poisonous sweat, tears oozing between the tangled lashes. The face is green. A few civilians moving about their perfectly lawful unmistakably the face of the dead and yet in the expression errands looked somehow as though they had no right to be is set all the harrowing spiritual agony of life. theres We visited the graveyard, a patch of ground set in the ‘At lunch the big dining room was crowded with soldiers, shade of the cathedral, guarded by a high campanile, and he place rang with talk, sharply accented, staccato ; laugh- screened here and there with towering night-black eypresses. ter, ringing and happy. Great wefts of smoke floated over There were many fresh graves; some with the humble little the scene, Nearby sat a group of officers. All boys; young, crosses which mark the grave of the undistinguished private debonair, comely. They laughed; they joked each other; no- everywhere, Others—those of the men who had been deco- body could have been more happy or care-free. ..One hears rated—bore crosses, all of iron, wreathed with branches of a great deal of talk of the Great War putting an end to war the oak, signifying strength, and of the laurel, signifying forever. But whenever I look at a tableful of young officers glory I wonder if war will not always represent the greatest of all gambles—the supreme adventure—to male youth, Coming home the ear was held up by troops going forward to the trenches. They marched close to the car—hundreds Friday, October 19th. The authorities gave me a little trip ofyoung boys in their war-faded grey-green uniforms, car- to Aquilea this afternoon, Few towns in Italy have had a rying guns. I shall not soon forget that procession of faces; more bloody history. Once, centuries ago, it was a Roman pale, smileless, but resolute and flashing-eyed, I feel as town. Between that time and this almost every European though T had caught a glimpse of the eternal Young Ttaly— race with the conquering instinct has tried to take it. Some the Ttaly of Ceasar, the Italy of Garibaldi, the Italy of the hhave succeeded, The last to wrest it from the Italians were Great War, May, 1918 u Sunday, October aist, 1917. Udine again. Narrow streets Ten years from now—if they are still alive—they will not be curving past old palaces, tiny shops and across the toy-bridges half ‘so fastidious. on the canals, spiral into the inevitable Italian tangle. But sooner or later, they all seem to come out on the spacious Tuesday, October 23. Last night 1 woke from the sound: principal piazza. Back and to the left—and surely, this is est of sleep to the noise of guns. I lay for a long time listen the very irony of propinquity—a wreath-crowned statue of ing to them and marvelling at the strange world where one Peace, studies the picture of war below her. ‘That Peace is could lie warm and safe, with loud death booming not far

not a great bit of sculpture, But somehow she intrigues the away. I prided myself on my serenity. The guns died down, imagination as she sits in her chair, relaxed, reposeful, serene And then suddenly a rat began to gnaw his way through the waiting. .. walls. My heart turned to water.. We dine at the table with the correspondents; English, Not far away is the town-market, An Italian market in American, Italian representatives of the American press. nornial conditions is the despair of painters; but a market These war-time talks! People who have once had garlic in the war zone is even more colorful than in times of pea‘ in their salad can never again eat it plain. Will peace-time For there are the uniforms of half a dozen allies to add to its talks be spoiled for us forever, I wonder! I do not want to rainbow quality. believe that, And yet—and yet—there is an enormous thrill, (Of course the place is full of soldiers buying for mess. The horrible someti n the war atmos- Italian soldiers are invariably young, almost invariably hand- phere. some. Perhaps the Latin is better adapted physically to be- ‘One of a group of newly-arrived American Red Cross ‘come a uniform than any other race. Or perhaps the Italians men, who have been lunching in state with Italian officials, have been unconsciously clever in suiting cut and color to the comes over to our table to offer us some of the butter which

national type. Certainly always they make pictures. Mainly has been presented to them. He cuts off a generous third of of course, they wear the war green-grey, but occasionally an a big roll, Butter in butterless Italy! It is weeks since we « apple-cheeked lad sports one of the long military capes, blue have tasted butter. We fell on it ravenously almost sky-blue—of pre-war days. A. scene like this has the effect of translating much mediaeval Latin art. ‘hursday, October 25 We left Udine early this morn But they are not always Italians. Here come to rest is for Venice. of French poilus in War! Venice! What an anomaly! There she stands a big grey army camion with a group though in all her ‘colorful beauty, sophisticated and wistful, their refreshing horizon blue. Here a solitary Serbian in the black gondolas shooting like arrows of mourning over straight pale tan-colored blouse and his high black shoes, in ‘one hand a lustrous copper tea-kettle. There an English the tangle of multi-colored reflections in her green canals, ‘Tommy comes pelting round the corner on a motor-cycle, the red, lateen sails trailing a shadow of blood over her sil- very lagoons. But ob, what a difference from that gay, glad stops and immediately disappears into a shop. At once, the by a group of Italians, making keen Venice of peace! cycle is: surrounded comments on its mechanism. Yonder, a group of Americans As you pass along the canals, you see through the iron grill- sleeves and with work of the lower windows of the palaces enormous piles in long brown coats, braid-trimmed on the the wide, cord-encircled hat, create a wave of turned heads of sand bags. This is everywhere. You come to the Piazza as they pass through the ocean of grey-green; for they are of San Marco to find the great square entirely metamor- recently come to Udine and the uniform is new. hosed. The little shops which sold such charming frivolities are mostly closed, St. Mark's itself is no longer itself. It Girls, And such girls. Most of them softly, roundedly has been shorn of its golden horses. Sandbags, inside and out, and a surprising both here and about the base of the Campanile and around brown in the expected Italian way; others, number of them, with the bushy brilliant red-gold hair so the Doge's palace, conceal all their greatest treasures of earv- loved by 1 id Veronese, parted in the middle and ing and color. Packed marvellously, these sandbags mount sun-kissed waves to their ears. They wear in serried ranks over a framework of wood to which they bunching in great and black pattens. Some of them carry bas- seem to give a curious structural value. One wonders i black shawls they may not result—these war-protectives—in a new im- kets that hang from hooks at the end of a curved pole, which A group of gir] eto architecture. But the saddest thing of all is that the rests, Chinese fashion, across the shoulders. car-conductors come into the piazza ready to go on daty. old beautiful, colorful life of the square seems to be entirely They wear belted grey uniforms, their numbers in silver sticked out of it, Soldiers—and here in great numbers, sail- and they are very ors—form the bulk of the passers-by. There is but a trickle pinned on the crowns of their grey caps taut and effcient-looking except where, in lace collars, ear: of the old-time, care-free strolling and sauntering. Every- chains and charms, they break into inevitable femin- where young gitl-mothers with babies in their arms accost rings, you—begging. All the gondoliers are old men. A group of officers very young, very gay, very handsome and, alas—but T said they were young—very haughty and Venice, Friday, October 26. Up early and out alone in the supercilious—eye the pretty bare-headed girls as they pass. vapory Venetian morning, I saw in the Piazza San Marco They are just below me and T can almost hear their com- a really touching ceremony—the municipal feeding of the ments. ‘They are so young that they are very cynical indeed, droves of St. Mark’s. Poor creatures! How they must yearn and very dificult to please in the matter of female beauty. for peace and the well-flled purses of the tourists which Indeed, itis quite obvious that no one of them hids ever met kept them fat as butter-balls. About nine came along an old that ideal of feminine pulchritude which he holds up to him- man with a big sack of—what do you suppose? Macaroni! self, They shrug and deprecate as the fair creatures pass. He spilled it out of the nearly-closed end of the bag in a great

2 THE LIBERATOR circle. Doves flocked from everywhere by twos and trios, n then, Had we known what the true situation was, we by dozens and scores—by hundreds. Following that circle of should have been even more worried. When we left Udine scattered manna, eating so close that heads were concealed it was as calm and securely serene as at any time since the and tails uplifted, they looked like an enormous wreath of beginning of the war. That was Thursday morning. The next fluttering, irridescent-petalled, gray orchids. People gath- day, Friday, in the afternoon, came the order to evacuate ered about in a sympathetic circle. And when it was found, the town, Saturday afternoon the Austrian advance scouts after the frantic feeding stopped, that much macaroni was rode into Udine. Sunday morning they took the town. Had Ieft uneaten because the sticks were too big for the doves we stayed out the last of our ten days of permission to the to handle, everybody knelt down and broke them carefully front there instead of in Venice, as we were much tempted to into practicable portions. do, we should have had to walk over a hundred miles to safety in frigid, pouring, torrential rains, eating af rare i Moments when we actually forgot the war...But we re- tervals and sleeping under hedges or, if we were lucky, in membered quickly enough a little later when a group of the barns. It would have been the great experience of a life- few Americans left in Venice sat in Piazza San Marco at time—if one survived it. Some of the correspondents, who tea, We were talking with something of an old-time vivacity. formed those delightful luncheon and dinner groups in Udine After all it was Venice. And—constant air raids to the con- stayed until the Austrians were almost in sight. ‘They had a trary—what could the soul of Venice have to do with war? horrible experience getting out, though. ‘They had to re- Near us, the daily communique was put out. A group treat at a pace so stiff that sometimes they threw themselves gathered about it. That group grew swiftly to a crowd, exhausted on the ground. They slept on billiard tables or in almost a mob. People emerging from the mass went about the gutter. One walked many miles with feet that pumped spreading the news. Suddenly—and how quickly it came blood at every step. He went to a hospital the instant he about—it was as though somebody had thrown a constrict- reached safety ing gas into that human blend. ‘The square which, a few moments ago, had been a normal scene full of supple, easily- ‘The last day in Venice was wonderful. It was beautiful, flowing streams of people, had changed, had crystallized into sunny and with a still warmth in the air, In the morning we tight groups. Little knots of men. stood all about talking low gondolaed the length of the Grand Canal, then through a oF loud, but quickly, earnestly, with furrowed faces and a et-work of the little canals. Curving streets which open at strange air of bewilderment. ry dip of the paddle on a new vista; scene after scene of “Something doing!” one of our men Said. And the males, crumbled-stone palace beauty or shadow-haunted garden hastened to th communique “The Bainsizza plateau is be- beauty; tiny bridges set on a slant; broken, faded loveliness of ing abandoned!” they explained on their return. “Why all deseription—all made more bewildering by reflections in that’s serious! Something has happened!” the magic waters of the canals. The Bainsizza plateau! A position of great importance and gained by the pluckiest kind of fighting. Abandoned! That evening we packed and got off in a light rain that We looked at each other and suddenly we too, were a very trailed the sunset. ...The first sign of trouble was at Mestre, serious group. But there was nothing to be learned to- where we were to change. ‘The train was late. But it would night. Perhaps to-morrov rive, according to the Station-Master, in twenty minutes. ‘wenty minutes went by and it was still late—and later—and When we left the restaurant somewhere between nine and later. It would be here in another fifteen minutes, the Sta- ten, we came upon a picture of war which for dazzling beauty tion-Master promised, in a half hour, in another hour. Final I shall not ever see equalled. Everybody had been saying ly he admitted that he did not know when it would come, that we might expect an air raid to-night. And the Venetians In the meantime the station was the scene of the wildest were evidently preparing for it. The air was full of the hub-bub. Every minute troop-trains were arriving; di flashing blades of searchlights—hundreds of them. The orging close-packed grey-green contents which immediately played back and forth, crossing and re-crossing, tearing and piled into other trains and whizzed off. Officers were giving rending the moonlight, stabbing the zenith. It was as though quick, sharp low-voiced orders or excited impatient louder the surface of the earth were a sieve, through the holes of ones. Civilians, men and women and children, all with big which shot the white fire of a colossal cosmic blaze. One bundles, began to choke up the waiting-rooms. I was or- night last June when an air raid threatened Paris T saw some dered to stay inside; perhaps because I was obviously a for- such similar exhibition over the Seine from the Pont Royale, cigner, they could take no chaces with what might be a spy and to that extraordinary effect was added the flashing this beginning of the rush of troops forward and an evacu- twinkle of swarms of aeroplanes rushing like rockets to the fated population backward. I went into the waiting-room zenith, That was beautiful enough, but here, with the and sat there until midnight. spacious openness of the canals and the lagoons, with that Near me, a little slender woman, delicate to the point of imperial group, St. Mark’s, the Doge's palace, the Cam- sness, with night-black hair and eyes, and a strange grey- panile turned to bits of frosted lace-work by the moon, it fe skin, sat surrounded with bundles and babies. One was like the titanic pyrotechnics of the gods of Olympus child of nearly two, well-covered against the searching damp, lay in her arms—asleep. Beside her on the settee, under a n days later. Those guns I heard in the night in Udine cape, lay a boy of about three—asleep too. On the other side, were the artillery preparation of the great Austro-German under a shawl, lay a boy of about five—asleep also. On an ad- offensive. And that day we watched the square of San Marco jacent bench lay a fourth child—a boy of about seven—he, too grow tense with anxiety was the beginning of the great drive slept. She was all alone, nobody to help her with those heavy that took them through the Italian front. We were worried bundles and those heavier sleep-logged babies when her train May, 1918

eat Cornelia Baras

i —that crowds stops, rived her still should 4 wide Mestre, as tions, women swaying never tion, shake made had that lously-conceived which government Rome in future of the evacuated.’ they got Udine the little ers ready. with ing Of asked. jaws; ly treating seen one surveyed Udine terrible ing of ‘The ‘The We T “Oh “And the But Many I women—five blown those babies. had sitting to course, order out met tired of listened, made took s station took their eyes anywhere—it a the boys don’t of destroyed little that that were of brought in their when rout correspondents next come. be world Peace ” story and greatest pouring yes,” in And her thoughts T gone, many as later through men times the are silence. Italy course next away a from taken evening the fixed asked. of babies face, and unity. finally into and there, along know,” from due surveys trip a The far tongues They to few as we little Austrians he which I they helplessness. knows still with certain crowd When another one night a since jaw thought girls house the Austrians onto the on by hospitals inadequate in by hundred to Italia set answered, as were stores German next be weeks, unit in which the many that with the her She sits stood cloaks But brood Rome their in the of the an shells. Treviso. cases—men was Italians their he Red has the wholly on were then, at under the now our of road them. day, so number there. driving great on the the described—some enemy knows must distance replied train front ahedd them.” of Redenta—a ten, know of a hotels crowd not the there—those they were Cross trains—the faces at Italians. solid and propaganda the sleeping train her for hanging revelation all I've ten. Red that every hands however, and from Some arms, food least—and told. all after come “there yet eyes distance—and “‘At came the plastic next traditionally left, There Germans her of chair He how the to half of had men rain; that waked of silent the satin arrived Cross little whose and all Udine,” at very Udine: that They kind, pour gleaming of day of a physicans told at wasn't story they morning Austrians down disembarking tranquilly gone to to Quiet, Italia slippers; waited, been nothing eccentric at drive, nightmare the first those to surgery came they mother such and mothers the five drive up be must take Friday far men the faces me broken in all on all at evacuated, with found lying future. of old on he requisitioned of in quiet, told Irredenta time mothers hundred into such a Austrians a midnight, felt their serene, top cruel; advices men of nevertheless, care after who like come. the at sped the the their’ time. had said, shall wave and men in perhaps as that destroyed streaming intervals, that about us. and with there of a nine, bridges. Italy—a of to safe. composed the numbers night evacués calmly had still story. Great of great had been hundreds nurses the thinking those and the chests.” I move “we cold, . ever you of secure, Udine which They to with mothers have station those that children and her, no now?” pools she evacua- marvel- been We pillar go. to on Indeed, women partial- by , visited see, crowd muni- Drive as moth- again many great drive lower nurs- They them. tears who, wait- think they were were And that was ever into was can and her the jaw the ar- she she the At at in of in in in T

a0) and

7k ‘And And A Yet And Ignorant At His Pitt, Cinly ‘The She But And At While Till Accomplishes This And For Easing He Into She

LOVE

“The SAW By Fearful ‘Who She His Her Has Willing ‘She He stir, Pressing And Eats While Waking Wins He sight

length, ie most shivers driven holds she long Semorselesey and His a now he reckless lingering stiffens timid

climbs 932s, stretches then, is some clenches eyes twists sleepily

female munches legs a

grasped hfe he cradle what inched all has his the

suddenly

has him voracious, front the tremor, of he of he antennae

in if writhes him, to her progress, oy when bore fed-up, on around in body sharp, his the with moment slaked to death the flung turns clings completion her itch is himself

(mantis scuttle surge

Ward's and legs her to hours herself, spouse, with occupied upon her, whispering THE headless crunching left the female

Ties, now male on surprising sharp a hunger

of “devoured his dare with

the herself lurked wishing a painful, an look,—she ever she twitching, ever him, his her, stretched of of hindmost the a he his sated her, that fearful or off she unabated into

“Pure male,

and who answering him the whose love again love; stops leg, passion-thirst does front mantis ached

praying amorously and feebler, murderess the biting to body of clutch comes does in

he her: to 1. I, oni a brittle sleep. dangerous T:

DEVOURER he inevitable ached Sociotog in leaves, has loveless the his shakes close the of branch grew

not “Ouoted. the has to his claws her sin to making sees on leg; had desire, and not

to swazeeds he fire,

her insect) head, out its deadly again laze on a prize ever wish her attack, body been cruel her was scales, lusty above, embrace, must

stiff even move held full he her where an brittle clutch, grasp, on him, the for peace; below,

then

from and

he his breast. his weaker} clasp Clement “must.” but of upon to being to seeks eye; waiting; im taut, her, will, prey, and chase. task, the back, thrill mating, love. sought,

advances, and and her, or lust, bask.

aang

chest, fly "Sciences she to twig; in | fray. big stir,

the her.

he release. seek winds blinds; slow can Wood.

freguently strongest

er has her. creep

Vok

10 On the Inside By William D. Haywood LANG! clang! a bell rang out, big ifon doors slid back, the Wing of the “old” jail these hours are spent in diverse the auto patrol wheeled up to the rear entrance of the ways. Here there are none but members of the I. W. W. Cook County Jail; and here we are. Every day there is a physical culture class—breathing and We are in the wing of the “old jail,” a room about 60 exercise—to help keep the boys in good health in spite of the y 60 with a double row of cells four tiers high; our cells dismal damp and cold of the jail, The afternoons are de- face the alley to the west. Cells are six by eight, about eight voted to discussion, gossip and song. Business meetings are féct high with ceiling slightly sloping to the rear. held at regular intervals and a big entertainment is held ‘This cell is parlor, bedroom, dining room and lavatory all each Sunday with recitations, dramatic sketches and songs. in one, Decorations black and white—that is, the interior e 48 men confined in this part of the jail. is painted solid black on two walls, black half way on the ig tank,” or main portion of the “old jail,” there are about s8 membérs incarcerated. These men are locked other two walls. The ceiling is mottled white. Wash bowl, criminals of toilet, water-pipe, small bench, a narrow iron bunk, flat up and must exercise with about five hundred all walks of rime. springs, corn husk mattress, sheet and pillow case of rough all executions take place. There are ‘material, blanket, tin cups and spoons, constitute the fittings Tt is on this side that of our temporary homes where we spend twenty hours out three black holes on the corner wall into which the beams of the gallows are not in use the gallows are adjusted. When of every twenty-four, involuntary parasites, doing no more an old piano takes their place and this grewsome spot is service to society than the swell guys who loll around clubs and religious hymns. sanctified each Sunday by sermons or attend the functions at fashionable resorts. ‘The reveille of this detention camp is the sharp voice of Tt was in this corner that the martyrs of the eight he the “runner,” “Cups out! Cups out!” movement of '87 danced upon the air, and that Parson: Tt is the beginning of a new day. The light streams over thirty years ago, delivered his unforgetable prophecy through the grated door and falls in a checkered pattern “The day will come when our silence will be more eloquent ‘across tlie cell floor. than the voices you istrangle to-day.” One stretches his body on the narrow cot and awakens to Of course it is impossible for the I. W. W. men on this the fact that he is still in jail, accepting the situation philo- side of the jail to hold business meetings and entertainments sophically, wondering, some of us perhaps, what manner as they do in the “wing,” but, nevertheless, the spirit of all of independence and freedom it was that our Forefathers is characterized by the cheery bouyancy and unbreakable fought for in this country. determination of the One Big Union. ‘The class-war prisoners have a prison library that is re- ‘A prison cell is the heritage we gain for the blood and of the finest respects. It contains many lives our forefathers gave; they fought for religious free- markable in many dom and left us with minds free from superstitious cant and works on Sociotoy nomics, History and poetry that are dogma; they waged war for political justice; they car obtainable, as.well as novels by the best modern novelists. A on the struggle against chattel-slavery—these were the titanic new book is always welcomed with great enthusiasm. These battles that were fought, bringing us to the threshold of the books were nearly all donated by members or sympathizers greatest of all wars—the class war—in which we are enlisted ‘on the outside. One is safe in saying that more books have read in this gloomy old institution since the 1. W. W. as workers, against all kinds of exploiters. been there than were ever read in the place is our batile cry. With an idea boys have been held Abolish the wage system, is, imperishable, Organization and Education as our before. that tueapons, we are invulnerable. ‘The prison fare, never too plentiful, has, on account of becomes a period war conservation, almost reached the point of starvation. With thoughts of this kind imprisonment improvement. It may be remarked that members of the Only one piece of coarse prison bread is now served with of Workers of the World have had many opportu- each “meal.” In the morning the menu consists of a dry Industrial a cupful of a libelous decoction of | nities to take advantage of these enforced vacations. piece of “punk” and Many thousands of members of the T. W. W. have in the “coffee,” at noon, stew, fish or sausage—usually of a quality past years wakened in cells similar to this, to the that is fairly nauseating. For supper, “coffee” and dry bread cupful of suspicious “soup.” reveille of “Cups out! Cups out!" until the jails have be- again with an occasional food and ventilation, overcrowding detention camp of ‘Aside from the poor come recognized as a temporary home—a ‘Three, and the Master Class—where we are confined or interned as it is the chief cause of discomfort and illness. of the class sometimes four, men are locked up twenty hours out of every were, not as criminals, but as victims—prisoners war. Over 400 members of the I. W. W. are in jail in twenty-four in a cell about as large as the average bathroom different parts of this country at present. in a city dwelling. Sunlight seldom filters through the grimy, So we roll out, wash and dress to snatches of I. W. W gray, and iron-barred window panes—nothing but the sickly make the beds, sweep out and are glare of electric lights, day and night. ‘The cell doors are unlocked by the In spite of the brave efforts the men are making against e the range of the narrow corridor this unwlolesome environment, the poor food, foul air and guard at 9.30; we ha at 1.30 until 3.30. In the prison chill have made awful inroads upon their health tuntil 11.30; dinner at 12 M.; out again

oe ee

being ting

growth, wounds tures who One

either lungs” deal Kimball, forced worker 16

at until ‘weight them among secretive tion workers former Bisbee

hhangs the ing were He Like looking love Her given quite ated bered ‘corner, ‘Helen's, only hhe love a it ‘was worked transfiguring his

Then

This strange ‘There

Kankakee—his to

jail had tightness

blood—and clay in made

was

crony, of young

was

cost for

at wild, a

as captured

when brother, of brought murdered

"AUSE had Ellen, her plain on

upon

herself November,

of the as effort.

fast young

in frightened and

there self.

second while

he have probably taking girls before terribly singled

Neal. an

hell

and that he and had

worry the

him

rugged the first place, told his

undergo especially

talked Russian Decker.

hundreds

July,

he the who

member

Arizona to but of

happiness lost because

she morose. is MacDonald, in thing

to fellow

forms sick

been who in death

to by fellow

glimpse He

his glancing

might Big, he on him other little

just

wall

a the

beaten

her and the

out Chicago, painted without

had the

health, to him vitality has caused

reason the

lover's 1916.

came the animal

bed

reason.

fellow-worker,

had for case an

a handsome, in

that

the of

miner of worker

factory, of now of the masks fear She out, with part

workers

guards.

been people: Cook of

have been unquestionably,

time of Saturday With

of up

prisoners

“Verona,” had

mystery, operation the

Neal the other noticed.

to the been

It of

has

face

was embrace, lack his he that by

a remembered Neal—as she dimming

in he

near women.

Ashleigh

and

there, her was

physical

in to Chicago of

released

had wrapt Henry General

County I

well

Day in

the would

furtive the

sensitive

the fled. that

the ran

taken do can

of girls, who

to that of die.

say; fine

town, one

that

his it,

our

Springfield,

wild night so and

not known in

foul hospital

heartiest, fearless sitting Clinton, jollification. by proper

never it

because

she Jancharick, itself

Neal is and

he Meyers. was

the martyred

their deft

Nigra, be the of

out making He a wreck—“spitting many

jail.

Recruiting glance and

was Executive

on believe

had day

now heard

entered fateful artist

mere air watching did joyously,

those

around

party hung.

steady many

to came who

so picture be

about bail fingers quiet Surrender

treatment

Lossieff love

for suffering

singled Frank “bull

he and not

Miller,

others—the where an in

the regained.

quiet, he

them mind

there IIL,

shadow ever

hospital—spit- His deported had

pen.”

after Sunday

her. members the

at became the back other

Italian see By

as who

sulked

was her the Beneath

glow rotten an gayest.

She Board, Union.

that

jail, him unashamed.

her Little come

incarcera- her committed gave laugh, room usual

madhouse shrinking,

that Neal are

what a

Joe

ulcerous

the galleries and with

She a

entered

S. for not

One

remem- fellow-

before

textile shaped of

of up

miner fascin-

cousin morn- out

about great

more food.

from

way. each

Hill. best- from Neal

was tor-

with who

that in told was

had had the his and But his his her the the N.

of to a

jails tem cinder. life ditions re all and off tries. of terest where a recorded stories prisoners round, dors they nine songs. nailed amble, Workers workers, I, Democracy that savored me? true? could asked but snatcher,” evening then chatter making “talented” then

to to slight have when her Behrman

‘The

That

les many

look play they the

he new under as are

he and months, hands

Neal, in have

that

his

singled from so

Why... to not they ‘They a

and her, 106 of like that knew; the dauntless

Can This fa the They job

only and

into

with undergoing

question manage

to he now

clean human prisons society, plainly He keep different the of going group in he

all. which been

and

who class-war

understand chief angle and

shrinking. very and

her over covertly the worth it moved did to could

too-frequent the are had

her the is united

looked masthead most

her have that

be his

out

hope

hearted,

there him,

but cradle

was walking

of not of thrown to Cook played

set shadow being

eyes to seen strong, such we Now

that count

and World, where as

pale never worms strong be we

for why. going of been men nationalities

the

the stand another his and make

leave hardships forth more but are

so ever. his

! was prisoners written

he her them are

which over as

County to

hair

love

it. will

miraculous, strength

big chairs in

And clear one

courage they the injustice

answered in into mind round rugged, living.

really of he this body which. in to laughter the

a and

near pledged

her. the

. the closely in

and

She

which again, laugh—she During

the the for enjoy indictment is seemed

herself,

.?” jail piano.

yet the jail, prison. eyed; grave. will of

lay

sat jail. gloomy has indictment and

away proud is

likes and in

Elizabeth

gallows.

strong six

said Someone bottom some and

kept with proclaims alive this to open-air THE

Preamble as

it beside will

be to the

folded into

he and lapsed; a

itself suffering,

And

the all months, advocate—and round the

was But

me, to useless

and

were who from things

Elizabeth to friendly others frightful

asking this

said dance of They in walls Cook not new

and

her fighting moved

,not-to-be-understood, was of

tire of be

her. long

wants the

spite them

so. to

started in he LIBERATOR against whispered Murphy, Always

types, is

was the the

as was be

the associated a nearly

method

masterful, eyes of

only of as but have to

her, suddenly County members only ring

with her

. tin

herself: but

The winter

blue known, is

of communal

away. narrow the frightful for improve

to the place. a

. only

like so for

was

their burned-out dead

and can, taken

seventeen— all

lap.

dancing in one us—is with

dance round undergone

rest

him. all

as eight

small Industrial

Always past,

He this of

who the

gold

spite jail kind

“cradle- months

frankly

pressed

flowers with-

of go of to of spirits where

It indys-

should living corri-

“Is

Later right

loved rebel prin- con-

Pre-

with sys- and and

was still and the

was are the

and and She

her the the

the in-

he of

it it 7 May, 1918

‘one saw in the fields. In a crowd he made no effort to con- afraid lest th anger him, It was in vain that they told ceal the fact that he preferred her above all the others. hher that Neal did not love her; that he had only “played” ‘And when they were alone to gether he would crush her in with her. All these insinuations she flouted. Neal did love his arms and run his fingers through her hair and turn up her. He had told her so lots of times. Besides it was no her face to kiss... . one’s business but her's—and Neal's. He would marry her Life, which up to the time of Neal’s coming had edged by in his own good time. Couldn’t they leave him alone? Yet all the time she knew serenely that Neal was stronger than her a vague, misted stream, in which sights and sounds and events were blurred and slightly unreal, became suddenly her brothers and would do as he wished, and that she was vivid, sharpened, tense. It was like a gray canvas splashed the strongest of them all and could wait. . . . suddenly with color by a capricious artist, like a darkened Neal was evasive. With half-promises he put the brothers room flooded with light. Ellen was the youngest of seven off, Yes, he loved Ellen. But it was not convenient for him children. The three eldest were married; her three un- to marry her now. He had no money saved. In six months. married brothers worked in the great wire factory, in the But it must, they insisted, be before the baby was born or shadow of whose towering smoke-stacks the town sprawled, they would make it hot for Neal. Neal asked for a little shapeless. Her mother was dead and her father, a hopeless time. He would see. As for the baby, perhaps, he sug- invalid, stayed at home under her care. He was a raticous, gested, something could be done... . evil-minded man, with a high-pitched, exasperated voice who ‘But Ellen would not hear of anything being “done.” Her did what he could to make those about him miserable. It father screeched and called her bad names, the brothers was the only revenge he could take on life for leaving him scolded, the married sisters were scandalized. Yet Ellen stranded, helpless. . . < It was Ellen’s duty to tend him and remained firm, Neal loved her, he would marry her in his make the meals for her brothers when they came home from ‘own good time. That was all that could be got out of the factory. ‘Thus even the larger life of the town was shut her. off from Ellen; she was the only one among her girl friends “She's only a child,” said the more tolerant of the brothers who did not work in the factory. The rivalries, the gossip, helplessly. the flirtations of the factory girls were things alien to her} “Child! Child!” screeched the father. “She's a she grew accustomed to thinking herself an automaton, ‘That's what she is. Nothing else!” destined to work at solitary, unrewarded tasks. Her father's ‘And in the midst of this Ellen continued to make things for rasping voice, the piles of dishes to be washed twice a day, her baby, smiling in a tranquil, far-off manner. Neither the sweeping and monotony came to seem to her as facts of her brother's tales of Neal's wickedness in Clinton, the town nature, as little to be altered or railed against as the cold from which he had come, nor the fact that he was unwilling of January or the heat of August. Life was a thing to be at once to marry her, nor the vilifications of her father, endured... shook her deep faith in her lover, her gratitude, her worship. ‘Anid then’ Neal noticed her. Neal thought her beautiful. ‘On Neal, Ellen's attitude began to have a curious effect. Neal loved her. It was like emerging from nonentity into It made him nervous, uncomfortable. As he told his boon consciousness. Life took on contour, things became beauti- companion Decker, he would much rather she reproached ful to see, lovely to touch, good to taste. Suddenly the aim- hhim, burst into anger, flew at him. Her eternal, tnques- of life focussed into meaning. The sun and tioning belief was disquieting. What a child she was! Could less complexity the stars, the factory and meals and the kitchen—even her she not see? father—became co-ordinated into harmony. Discords even Tt was what one got, commented the sage Decker, for had their place, were part of a scheme. And the core of “sobbing the cradle!” that scheme was that things were good, that life was fine. Neal’s position had grown worse than uncomfortable, it Tt was Neal who had brought the change. It was as though, had become slightly ludicrous. ‘The whole town knew of his before his coming, she had not been born. Was it any adventure. The worst of it all was that Ellen, with entire wonder that she was proud and grateful for his love of her? disregard of smirking looks, went calmly about telling: people She would have thought no more of hiding her love for that she could not go to this place or that because she must Neal than she would have thought of trying to hide the stay home, rest, be careful... . Fllen was no more re sun. That her brothers should be surly, that her father cent than if she had been married. Neal didn’t at all like should shriek anathema, when they found out that she was it, Tt took away, somehow, from his seduction, all going to bear a child to Neal, was incomprehensible to her. glamour... . But she accepted it, as she now accepted her drudgery and ‘Neal found the situation increasingly unbearable. Re~ her father’s outbursts of lascivious rage, with the sunny calm crimination and violent anger he could endure—they were of those who have achieved an inner happiness which no quite in the tradition; not a complete trustfulness, content, external encroachments can break, or even enter. She knew uunasking. Many times he had made up his mind to tell that all these things people said were outside, irrelevant Ellen that she must not talk as she did because he meant compared to the one fact that she was now sentient where never to marry her, But she never allowed their talk to she had been dulled, living, when she had been, as it were, drift at all close to such a subject. She never broached it dead. She went about happy, humming snatches of tunes, She left everything to him, she asked nothing but his pres- making things for her-unborn child, while her father called ence, glad of his embrace and his kiss. She was tremendously her foul names and her brothers, having given up admoni- proud of him, of his looks, of his height, of his strength. tions, excused her because she was a “child” who did not She was like a child, It was impossible, Neal found, to be understand the enormity of her crime. Only on one point rough or unkind with her. were they determined: that their sister must be married to He even knew a wavering temptation to yield and marry Neal, Ellen begged them not to “bother” Neal. She was her, But no! He could not give up his youth, his freedom

16 THE LIBERATOR —to this baby. He was not yet twenty-five. He could not He had answered to her knock with a surly “Come in,” and find it in his heart to marry and settle down, not for a long wwas greatly surprised when he saw her standing in the door- time to come. He would not be happy that way. He must way. He uttered a silent curse when he saw her. So she be free, to go whither he liked, to make love as much as he knew, then, and had come to throw it up to him!

put her arms about him and stood up on tip-toe to liked, to be as always. She nF Yet this temptation, pugnacious though it was, frightened kiss him, “You big brave boy,” she whispered. “You big, him. He was afraid, lest, in an impulsive moment, he would brave boy! It was just like you to do it. I’m proud of you, succumb to it. Ellen's laughing eyes, her fair, golden hair, Neal, boy, proud of you, but I'ma little bit afraid, too. Yes, her lips up-turned to his, might make him forget. He knew Tam, Neal—” her beauty could not last. She would become like the wives He stared at her, incredulous.

of his friends, stolid, slattern. He must be careful, he must “Afraid of what?” he said gruffly. emcee

0 away, or he would be lost. Ellen’s brothers were becom- “You're so brave, Neal. You'll rush in where it’s danger- ing insistent. The town was no longer comfortable. Yes, ous. You'll be hurt! aba her. He was he must go away... + “They can't hurt me,” he said to reassure And then there came over the land the call to arms, and embarrassed, he did not know what to do. He was taken Neal saw his chance. It was almost providential. To merge completely off his guard. a

his destiny with that of a force infinitely greater than his, She stood off from him, looking at him, love and admira~ HE in the mighty vortex of which his little peccadillos would be tion shining from her eyes. swamped, forgotten, was the ideal solution for his problem. “My won't you look great, Neal! In your uniform. I'll With the relief of a rich mediaeval sinner purchasing a heap be the happiest girl in town. I'll just walk you about the of indulgences, he went to the recruiting station on the streets till you're tired. Yes. When are you going to get second day and volunteered. it? And your gun? You'll be all brown—!” Though he had told only Decker, the news spread rapidly He turned away. through the town. It reached the ears of Ellen’s brothers, “You'll be a hero, Neal,” he heard her whisper. “My big, eran who whispered about it among themselves and then went to brave boy!” Neal to find if it were true. He denied, then admitted, his He turned fiercely and caught her in his arms. enlistment. ‘There were sharp words and threats. At length “Ain't you got any sense at all!” he exclaimed. “Keep

the brothers withdrew. There was nothing to be done. The quiet with your silly talk’ abate scoundrel, Neal, had ruined the good name of their sister “Baa—baa—baa—!” she mocked in her familiar way, not and outwitted them besides. listening to him. “Big Neal don’t like to be called hero. But ‘The most Neal would do was to promise to leave Ellen he is, just the same. He is, just the same—big hero. Big his insurance money if he was killed... . boy hero. I hope,” she whispered, “he'll be as brave as you

eae —just like you.” The brothers tried their best to keep the news from Ellen. ‘They feared its effect on her. But the dying old man at tho?”

home, who had an uncanny, rat-like scent for whatever un- “You know. I hope he’s as big and as brave as you.” toward was stirring in the house, pried it cit of them. They She nestled in his arms. He felt his cheeks burning with begged him to say nothing to Ellen, but he took a malicious shame, It was intolerable. It was a long time before he i joy in torturing her. As soon as she came into the house could utter a word. Then he bent low over her. he screeched at her: “Listen Ellen,” he whispered. “I want you and me to be “T suppose you know your man is a hero now, eh?” married, Before I go away.’ Right away. You hear? And to Ellen's inquiring look: “He's gone and enlisted. Right away... .” Brave man! So he'll be rid of you and your brat for good. He's going soldiering, your man is. You'll have to be look- etanmanits ing for someone else... .” ‘When her father’s voice died down through sheer feeble- ANNIVERSARY ness she turned to her brothers. She was a bit-pale. They ‘HE flowers we planted in the tender spring, were afraid she would faint. ieee “What does he mean?” she asked quietly And through the summer watched their blossom- ‘They tried to put her off. ing, “What does he mean?” she insisted. Died with our love in autumn’s thoughtful weather, “It’s true then,” said one of them. “Neal’s enlisted.” Died and dropped downward altogether. “In the army? He's volunteered?” “Yes.” Today in April in the vivid grass ‘She was silent a moment. They wondered what would ‘They flash again their laughter, pink and yellow, happen. But she only turned to them with shining eyes and They wake before the misty sunbeams pass, clasped hands: Gay bold to leave their chilly pillow. “Isn't that like him! Isn't that just like my Neal! My big, brave Neal! To be among the first! Tell me—has he got But love sleeps longer in his wintry bed, his uniform?” oman She insisted on going at once to see him. On the way over He sleeps as though the lifting light were dead, she met four people to whom she told the news: that Neal And spring poured not her colors on the meadow, hhad enlisted, the first in town, Wasn't that wonderful? He sleeps in his cold sober shadow. She found him sitting in his room in his shirt-sleeves. ‘Max Eastman.

priniananipes

Wilson and the World's Future By Max Eastman PRESIDENT WILSON conducts his own thinking with A terrible indictment for old-fashioned ears, but for those a large freedom and interior democracy that is not usual who understand how large a part facts play in the forma- either among professors or politicians. He gives a voice to tion of true principles, not a fundamental indictment at all. every new fact and every new suggestion that the current Principles are, and they ought to be, things of times and of events and meditation throws out. He seems to me to places. And a man can not be attacked—speaking now bring into statesmanship some of the same thing that Bergson analytically and ultimately—for changing his principles with and William James and John Dewey have brought into changing facts. He can be attacked only on the ground of philosophy—a ‘sense of the reality of time, and the creative the motive for which he changes his principles. If for in- character of change. He is a president in the original sense stance he was for revolutions where they furthered his own that he presides over, rather than trying to create, a politi- or his nationalistic interest, and against them where they cal development. He is not impatient or meddlesome. H opposed it, then he would be reprehensible. And I am not is not high-strung. He does not have to be busy. He does saying this was not the case in the Carribean. I only say not have to be sure. He knows how to use doubt. that it would need to be proven in order to show that knows how to cooperate with evolution, Wilson was actually unwise in that matter as well as intel- ‘This is a rare gift and requires an exceedingly healthy lectually inconsistent. In simply pointing to the amazing state of the nerves—a state which is immediately apparent pliancy and free play with which the president holds abstract in President Wilson’s bearing. He is one of the few men ideas in his mind, Hard is paying him the best tribute he of high cerebral organization who can go to hed and to sleep could pay to a man who has suffered and come through the while a problem is actually unsolved. When I saw him last misfortune of being a professor. March in the days of “armed neutrality,” after two years - No doubt this talent is a danger as well as a boon. Some- of continuous international suspense and a responsibility times we feel that the President's ability to sit relaxed and that can only be described as planetary, he held balanced in meditating while dramatic opportunity arrives and pauses his hand the whole future history of his country; and I saw and passes by, is a terrible thing. It is one of the faults of in him no sign of neural fatigue, or restiveness, or the weak- his virtue. And perhaps another fault is that ineffic ness of extreme anxiety business executive which is being so cried up by the Re- It was typical of what is best in the power of his character, publicans in Congress. I should think it would be hard for L think, that when every other brain in the nation was fran- ‘a man trained to this sort of wisdom in literature and politics, tically striving to formulate a dogmatic resting-ground as to find in himself the dynamic head of the most colossal in- to our relations with Germany, he was able to leave them in dustrial enterprise of history. And if it is true, as an in- a completely fluid and undetermined condition. He had de- sidious phillippic in Collier's Magazine asserts, that he is clared that he would resist any “overt act” of the submarines unwilling to delegate real power to strong men, then his great against the sovereignty of our ships, and while it seemed to talent may act to the detriment of important interests. About the conventional mind supremely urgent to decide exactly this I do not know. But I do know that in the light of what an “overt act” would be, his attitude was that he did not modern wisdom his mere logical inconsistencies can not be know, but he thought he would recognize one when he dismissed in the off-hand manner of the old-fashioned de- saw it! bating society This poise and fluency of mind is more extraordinary than That new conditions create new truths, is the chief affirma- is perceived even by those whom it exasperates the most, It tion of the intellectual culture of our age. It is an affirma- is the expression of a wisdom which is new and peculiar to tion that intellectual people are usually the least able to act, our age. upon, for intellect is somehow absolute and dogmatic. in William Hard’s Attack its very nature. But President Wilson combines a very high William Hard, in his brilliant attack upon Wilson in the intellectuality with the rarer power of holding it in suspense, Metropolitan Magasine for March, scores a great hit for and though that makes him easy for logical people (like old-fashioned ears.when he makes Evangelista, the Santo William Hard and me), to attack, it makes him difficult for Domingan bandit, reproach the president with being for anybody to overthrow, He can move with the utmost revolutions at one time and place and against them at agility from one position to another, and yet offer an in- other. flexible resistance in any position that he occupies. He is President Wilson replies: “Evangelista, one fact must be strong as water is strong, being fluid but inelastic. enough for you. In the year 1916, in the month of May, in that part of the Western Hemisphere which is comprised The League of Nations within the boundaries of Santo Domingo, I was against I remember another example of that instinct for co-oper- revolutions.” ating with evolution, which is the essence of the President's says the German Kaiser (who also is a party to strength. In his first great speech to the Senate the speech this conversation), ‘Now, we are getting on. Principles are advocating a League of Nations—he avoided the advertised things of times and places T have always felt it. You will xpression, “League to Enforce Peace,” and spoke rather admit that.” of a “League to Ensure Peace.” And this caught my atten- 2 THE LIBERATOR reality when it tempers a sufficiently venture- tion because I have always considered the idea Of a “League A sense of though I to Enforce Peace” a little utopian. The nations comprising some imagination, is most impressive. And this league are supposed to pledge themselves to make war could not help recalling our own league of nations, the (on any nation which disturbs the peace. That is, in case a United States, how it was manufactured and put together in country is the an off-hand manner quite disrespectful to evolution, still 1 state of war arises, they are to decide which then join arms to defeat that country. This knew that I had learned something, I recurred to the only aggressor and involves two things that in my view of human nature appear question that remained—the question of the exact nature of impossible, that first small step that must be taken. And President Wil- First, that nations will go to war in remote parts of the son emphatically assented to the opinion that such a league ‘earth, and merely in the interest of an abstract principle or or conference as might be instituted after the war, would promise, be of little value even as a beginning, if it did not immediately Second, that in cases where they will go to war, they will arrange the terms of a reduction and limitation of national be capable of making or acting upon a dispassionate decision armaments, I felt here again that occasional rigor and positiveness of concrete assertion which is so striking against the as to who is the aggressor. ‘The League to Enforce Peace seems to me a somewhat background of abstract fluidity which characterizes his in- naive scheme, based upon an incorrect view of human tellectual temperament. psychology, and of the motives that are dominant in history. ‘The distinction between this scheme, and the plan proposed He Has Done by the British Labor Party of establishing an international Four Things congress and standing tribunal with executive power, such President Wilson has done things during the last five as will constitute a world-government, is very important. weeks, the scope and positiveness of whose impact upon For the latter plan rests upon a fact already well established history can not be denied. And they were done in the single in history, that states in political federation do actually lose interest of human freedom. He held up the Empire of occa- with the the continual motive, as well as avoid the principal Japan in her proposal to invade Russian Siberia, sions, of war. applause of the allies, upon the hypocritical plea that Ger~ When I asked the president to be specific upon this point, many, 6,000 miles away, was endangering democracy (or his answer was altogether characteristic. He spoke with something) in that quarter. And in this act he stood before that grave patience of the sympathetic and interested teacher the public practically alone. The allied governments were —the one who knows—and he spoke of the error of trying for the invasion of free Russia by feudal Japan, largely no to impose any artificial and formalized organization upon a doubt for the reason that Russia is not paying interest on world in which the things that endure come into being the-millions of ambition dollars they invested in her bonds through a process of natural growth. under the czar, and is even threatening to repudiate that He said in effect that if you set out to manufacture a gov- debt—or such part of it at least as was loaned to the czar ‘ernment of the seas with an international police, you run into for the express purpose of putting down revolution. The ‘one insuperable difficulty at once. A police force must. be capitalist newspapers of the allied countries were for this subject to command, and what individual is there in the Japanese invasion for the same reason. The capitalistic world to whom such a command could now be given? That pers of this country were for it—because they have no is but the first of many difficulties that occur to mind as reason. They are in a state of ignorant military frenzy soon as you think of the problem actively. And yet these which if placed at the head of affairs would destroy the pur- difficulties of setting up a ready-made arrangement do not poses of this war and wreck the future of the civilized world. make it impossible that some such arrangement might gradu- nst this suicidal mania President Wilson stood up alone, ally grow into being as a result of a series of more simple because he had both knowledge and.coolness of nerve. practical steps. If a conference of the nations is called, for Japan is an hereditary autocracy whose emperor is des- ‘example, and draws a plan for action to eliminate war, and cended in a direct line through exactly 121 generations from then dissolves, it will doubtless be necessary when exigen- the Son of Heaven. The dynasty of the Mikado is cies arise, to call it again in order to put the plan in execu- the only dynasty on earth that has never been changed or tion, or to extend or alter it. Other questions than war, overthrown. It is supported by a superstitious patriotism, too, might arise that would demand such a conference. And as well as a feudal system of polities, that makes the rest of institution might the allied nations look like a loose union of temperamental so in the course of time an international ‘come into being that would have some of the attributes im- anarchists. ‘The Japanese Emperor has the power to declare plied in using the word government. It is thus that political war and make peace, conclude treaties, appoint and dismiss institutions come into being. The important thing for us to all officials, approve and promulgate Jaws, and issue ordin- do is not to fill in the details of such an institution in our ances to take the place of laws. Up to the year 1890 he ruled imaginations, but to take the first step with our minds very without even a constitution, and in that year a constitution ‘open and free as to what may develop out of them. was adopted modelled in its features of “democratic partici- to Ensure pation” upon the constitution of Prussia, but in its reserva- ‘The president had used the words “League ministers upon no other Peace,” it seemed, because they implied Jess and yet left room tion of power to the prince and his to Enforce Peace.” He civilized constitution on earth. Last month in Tokio a group for more, than the words “League recalled that one of the newspaper men had asked him, after of students calling themselves the “Young Radicals” tried to that address to the Senate, whether he meant to imply that distribute among the members of the Japenese diet leaflets the nations should pledge themselves to the armed enforce- demanding universal suffrage and protesting against the in- ment of peace. His answer had been—We really ought to fluence of the clans (junker families). They were arrested ig for the nations to decide! and imprisoned for making this eighteenth century demand.

May, 1918 a The Japanese are a great people with a beautiful future. on March 2oth. He echoes a bit of the language of the iergetic, delicate, friendly, liberal of instinct—they are on report on reconstruction of the British Labor Party—a re- their way. And they will move fast. But if we mean any- port that marked the birth of a new and revolutionary dem- thing by democracy we do not mean the present state of ccracy in England. I quote two sentences their institutions oF social or political ideas. time of grave crisis has come in the life of the Demo- Jn standing up against this Great Siberian Hypocrisy cratic Party in New Jersey... . . Every sign of these ter- President Wilson did the biggest thing—of a negative na- rible days of war and revolutionary change, when economic ture—that could be done to comfort the soldiers of the world and social forces are being released upon the world whose that they are fighting for some principle higher than national effect no political seer dare venture to conjecture, bids us prestige. And in the process of doing this, he enunciated a search our hearts through and through and make them ready doctrine—if the New York Times correspondent was correct for the birth of a new day—a day, we hope and believe, of ly informed—that ought to be incorporated as a new and greater opportunity and greater prosperity for the average vital article in The Program of the World’s Peace. mass of struggling men and women, and of greater safety “President Wilson’s declared attitude,” said this corre- and opportunity for children. . . .. spondent, “toward Mexico and the perturbed Latin-American “The men in the trenches, who have been freed from the countries was that while this Government would send troops economic serfdom to which’ some of them had been accus- into foreign territory to defend its honor and safeguard the tomed, will, it is likely, return to their homes with a new lives of Americans and other foreigners, it would not use its view and a new impatience of all mere political phrases, and land and naval forces to protect investments and other ma- will demand real thinking and sincere action.” terial interests which were threatened by political disturb- Being a man of letters, President Wilson never takes a ances. The present position of the government concerning. phrase from the other man’s lip; but his “economic serfdom” the Japanese desire to place troops in Siberia is understood need not divert us from the fact that the scholar in the White to be practically the same.” House, as well as the agitator on the soap-box, is now com- If all the nations would cease to use their land and naval pelled to talk about wage slavery. I am not saying that the forces to protect investments—they would go a long way to- President is becoming a Bolshevik, or that he could lead an wards ceasing to use their land and naval forces. American labor movement, if a living one were born. I only say that the fluency of his intelligence is phenomenal, The Note to Russia and is a strength rather than a weakness, and, while the ‘A second signal thing that the president did for liberty this world runs this way, a boon to us who believe in industrial month was to send an entirely generous message of friend- and ultimate freedom and democracy. ship and good luck to the “Republic of Labor Unions” in To acknowledge this fact is not to endorse the proposal of Russia. His utterance was as significant as the silence of Upton Sinclair, so generously disseminated by the capitalist his allies. It has put the American government in a different papers, that the Socialist Party of the United States should attitude from any other government toward that class strug- call a convention and formally declare that it has come round gle for industrial democracy which is gradually displacing to the support of the President. It might be more indicative the blinder struggle that engages the world. Arthur Hen- of the state of the facts and the chronologies of the matter, derson, the leader of the British Labor Party and coming if President Wilson should call a convention of his new ideas man of power in Great Britain, had sent a message of more and come round and join the Socialist Party. I should be unqualified endorsement to the Bolsheviki: willing to take the risk of accepting him as a member. In “In this moment of total crisis in the fortune of the revo- the meantime I only mean to endorse the sagacious oppor- lution, British labor proclaims to the Socialist and working tunism of Leon Trotsky, who said (in an interview on class parties of Russia its undiminished faith in revolutionary March sth): “America and Russia [meaning Wilson and the principles and its confidence in their eventual triumph. International Socialists] may have different aims, but if we “We have accepted those principles. We have urged our have common stations on the same route, I see no reason government to adopt them. In pursuit of a policy of con- why we could not travel together in the same car, each hay- certed action on the part of the international democracy, we ing the right to alight when it is desired.” have embodied the revolutionary principles of ‘no anne: tions or punitive indemnities and the right of self-determin- The Conscientious Objectors ation for all peoples’ in the memorandum of war aims adopted by the conference of labor and Socialist parties in the A thing that makes me especially willing to travel in this allied countries, and we are taking immediate steps to seek car is that President Wilson has at last turned his attention Similar agreement with the organized democracy of the cen- to those violations of liberty and constitutional right in our tral empires.” domestic affairs which have been making his great words Tt is this lead—the lead of insurgent labor—and not the before the world sound so hollow. On March 2rst he issued lead of the suicidal bankrupt bourgeois diplomacy in the al- an executive order which will liberate several hundred young. fied countries—that President Wilson is disposed to follow. men who have been violently condemned to long terms in ‘And this shows that he is able to entertain an idea, and prison under a military invasion of civil rights that I can the existence of a force, as new to his ways hardly believe was intended by Congress. I quote the crucial ‘acknowledge come down from another planet. sentences of this order, because it is a fourth important of thinking as though it had thing that the president has done for liberty in the past The Letter to New Jersey month, He follows the same force, I think, in his letter to the ‘2. Persons ordered to report for military service under conference of New Jersey Democrats that met at Newark the above act who... . object to participation in war be-

2 THE LIBERATOR failed to receive ‘as members of religious sects, in all the cantonments of the cause of conscientious Seruples, but have as members of a religious sect or organization United States. Is it not another example of his extraor~ certificates from their local board, will be assigned to non-combatant dinary ability to suspend judgment that the president should service as defined in paragraph 1 to the extent that such hiave made no move towards solving this problem until its persons are able to accept service as aforesaid without viola- ‘exact nature and proportions had developed? He always lets tion of the religious or other conscientious scruples by them time make the first move. And it is an example of his occa- and his leaning toward genuine liberty, in good faith entertained. sional positiveness that finding it to be practical from a military point-of-view to “3, On the first day of April, and thereafter monthly, do so, he shouldesolve it in a completely humane and libertar- each division, camp, or post commander shall report to the ian way. adjutant general of the army, for the information of chief court martial and mili- of staff. and the secretary of war, the names of all persons His order reserves a possibility of under their respective commands who profess religious or tary imprisonment if the conscientious objection takes a form other conscientious scruples as above described and who that can be identified with ordinary insubordination and have been unwilling to accept by reason of such scruples tends to destroy the discipline of the army. But assuming a assignment to nopecombatant military service as above de- sincere cooperation of the secretary-of war, and officers not fined, and as to éach such person so reported a brief, com- wholly devoid of conscience themselves, one of the funda- prehensive statement as to the nature of the objection to mental rights of our civilization, the liberty of conscience— more acetirately described as a liberty of moral volition—has the acceptance of such non-combatant military service en- been by this order secured and defended. stained, ‘The secretary of war will from time to time classify the persons so reported and give further directions as to the disposition of them, Pending such directions from Four Things He Might Do the secretary of war, all such persons not accepting assign- from, and beyond the base and contempt ment to a non-combatant service shall be segregated as far ‘So utterly aw as practicable and placed under the command of a specially ible range of opini mn propagated by the American press, are ‘qualified officer of tact and judgment, who will be instructed these acts and utterances of the president, that inevitably to impose no punitive hardship of any kind upon them, but we hope he really is «with the quict people, and that not to allow their objections to be made the basis of any all these other things they discuss as possibilities over their

favor or consideration beyond exemption from actual mil- dinner tables at home are in his mind too. He has compelted itary service which is not extended to any other soldier in the allies to acknowledge his leadership in the matter of the service of the United States.... Japan, He has compelled them to unify their military command. Is it not possible to compel them to a unified, defi ‘The secretary of war will revise the sentences and findings of courts-martial heretofore held of persons who and intelligible statement of their war-aims? ‘come within any of the classes herein described, and bring There is some ground, no doubt, for the opinion that it to the attention of the president for remedy, if any be needed, is bad tactics to prolong a discussion of peace terms while sentences and judgments found at variance with the pro- war is on—though I notice there are more Christian visions hereof.* ministers than military experts who expound this opinion. (Signed) “WOODROW WILSON. When Dr. Manning, for instance, of Trinity Church, and other oratorically Napoleonic successors of the Prince of “The White House, March 20, 1918. Peace, go about shouting that it is treason to mention the In Prussia, at the beginning of the war, 31 conscientious subject of ‘peace terms, though hard-working and str objectors with religious scruples were shot. In Saxony and thinking members of the army and navy privately state that Bavaria about 120 were committed to insane asylums for ‘a unification of the war aims of the allies is very much to be several months, but subsequently released with certificates desired, I take my side with the army and navy. I do not stating that they were “harmlessly insane”—the uniform be- want to believe that good fighting requires bad thinking, ing sufficient evidence, T suppose, that the generality were And if one is going to think at all about the diplomacy of harmfully sane. In France, according to the murderous this war, he will have to begin by acknowledging that the accounts of Gertrude Atherton, all the objectors were allies have bungled it. shot, and according to better authority some were shot—at

‘There are two ways in which a “World's Peace” might be Teast of those who lacked the influence to get a soft job in the arrived at. One is to conquer and reduce the military party rear, In England they were systematically brutally. be- in control of Germany to the point of accepting such a peace; labored, tortured and intimidated. the other is to oppose that military party long enough and There are not many conscientious objectors in any coun- strongly enough so that its control is weakened, and peace try. On December 2th there were only s6r not exempted can be made with the other parties in Germany. The president has made it clear that the latter is his purpose; he has ‘Some sentences of this kind are as follows made it clear enough so that it is known and acknowledged itp Camp Devens, Dodger lowa--otto Mass—Tony Wasgerin, Petri, 15 20 yearsy years. Harold Bruber, 15 year. in Germany. But the rest of the allies have not behaved in Camp Gorda, Ceorgle Ott Brennan, ro years a way to give anyone, SEB Grands "Minole “Gust. Wittrock, 3 years; Abraham Bieber, 1 year, either in Germany or elsewhere, such Ginp Lewis, Washington=Eno Larech,'¢ years; Alfred Bloss, 0 years, an impression. In July of last summer the anti-imperialists and: 'Gamnp Watlferd Taslor, . Kentscky~ Maher; 10 Earl yeas Hucklebury, 3 years of Germany, with the social democrats, were in sufficient yan, Atins Rhode Inland—Joha 1. Duss, e2,"Her and Adoph 7. control to pass a resolution through the Reichstag demanding EIN Analews, Mass—Frite Stepanoviteh, 25. years “peace without annexations or indemnities.” ‘This resolution Fort MeAtiar, Texas-—Vane VieDath, so! yeard was not responded Joferton Barratka, Moi Hy Franke, 10 years to until the following January, and then

May, 1918 23 only by President Wilson. For six months it was absolutely of our purposes, could easily be devised by the allied states- and coldly ignored by all the allies; and in Germany in that men if their minds were bent, as in the interest of essential six months the heart went out of it; the moderates who victory they should be bent, upon giving such a guarantee, yoted for it became convinced that they were wrong, that the allies did not want a just peace; the military party regained its hold. That resolution should have been responded Recognize New Russia to when it was passed. If it was sincere, it should have been Another step in the certification of President Wilson's fostered. If it was a bluff, the bluff should have been called. democracy for which many Americans wait, is a formal rec- The liberal party in Germany should have been encouraged ognition of the Republic of Labor Unions in Russia. This to believe in us. would add seal and substance to his message of good-will, Again at Brest-Litovsk the German foreign secretary pro- and go far towards placing in his hand, for the purposes of posed to the Russians that they should bring all their allies war and peace, the leadership of the labor parties of the to the table and discuss a peace “without annexations or in- world. demnities,” This may have been a bluff, too, and if it was, then by ignoring it we played the game well with the military Endorse the Interbelligerent Conference party. But the-effect of our ignoring it upon the ant itary parties was absolutely disastrous. For the bluff was ‘That leadership bids fair to meat the leadership of the primarily intended to deceive them, not us, and by failing world. At the Inter-Allied Labor and Socialist Conference to call the bluff we contributed to their deception. We con- at London in February it was resolved that an Inter-Bellig- firmed the opinion in their minds that the allies do not want erent Conference of Socialist and Labor Delegates ought to a just peace. be called, who should seek to reach an agreement upon the It is probable that President Wilson’s sudden and abstract general outlines of a “peace without annexations,” and having enunciation of moderate peace-terms in January was not reached such an agreement, return home and seek to secure, enough to offset the effect upon German liberals of these ‘each from his respective government, a declaration of readi- blunders. It was too lonely and too different from what had ness for such a peace. This interbelligerent conference has preceded, to revive their faith in the purposes of the allied been prevented in the past by the allied governments upon governments, But even supposing it had revived them, the + the ground that no special class in the nation is entitled to immediate contradictory enunciation of a bitter-end policy enter into discussion with the national enemy. But it was by the supreme war council at Versailles, must have knocked President Wilson's policy from the beginning to draw a line them down again. And after that, I do not see how the between classes in the enemy nation. He has declared that president's second speech, (February 11th) earnestly: just wwe are not at war with the German people. And as there is and conciliatory though it zoas, could entirely reassure them, a class of the German people who have continually resisted And it appears that it did not reassure them, except as to and pressed against the policy of those military rulers who the President's own attitude. An evidence of this is the are the enemy, it would not be unreasonable to permit a con- statement (March 22nd) of Herr Evert, a Socialist member ference and understanding between representatives of this of the Reichstag, in explaining his vote for the war credits class and those whom they know and whose motives they that “unfortunately there were no prospects of peace in the trust in our own countries. It is the step which moves most west, as neither President Wilson or the Belgian Govern- directly to a democratic peace as opposed to a peace doctored ment had responded to the chancellor's assent to President together by the imperialists, Wilson’s four principles, while England, France and Italy had pronounced for a continuance of the war, and voted Curb the American Prussians the necessary credits. Thus Germany was still in a position Finally, since the president has evidently turned his atten- of defence in the west against a numerically superior enemy, tion to the domestic violation of those human rights for which who was threatening Germany's vital interests.” wwe have declared that we are fighting abroad, the hope arises I cling to the opinion, therefore, in the face of these Chris- that he will issue some order, or make some public statement, tian ministers, that something ought to be done by the allied or otherwise bring his influence to bear against the general governments to assure those Germans who do want an anti- suppression of publications and the persecution of organ- imperialist peace that the controlling powers among the allies izers and agitators with radical opinions, which is disgrac- want it too. The assertions of the Inter-Allied Labor Con- ing this country and lowering its power to take part in the ference that France “ean properly agree to a fresh consulta reconstruction gf the world. The indictment in February tion of the population of Alsace-Lorraine as to its own of the general officers of the Socialist party, and the holding sires,” and that “the return of colonies to those who possessed uup of this indictment, apparently until its effect upon the them before the war ought not to be an obstacle to the mak- Russian government need no longer be feared, has sickened ing of peace,” seem to me to contain the meat of such an the hearts of a full million of people who desire to believe assurance. It is impossible, of course, for a layman not in in the democratic and liberative purposes of the adminis- touch with all the facts to suggest the nature of a diplomatic tration. action. But besides being unanimous, I think it ought to be This unwise and unwarranted act of the federal officials, very direct, so that it could not be ignored or evaded by technically plausible perhaps under the espionage act because the party of power in Germany, and it ought to be very of the extreme language of the St. Louis program, has brief, so that it could not be misquoted, or half quoted, or emboldened the capitalists of Minnesota to cause a Gubiously interpreted by those who publish or repeat it. similar indictment and arrest of A. C. Townley, the head of ‘A diplomatic action which would give this simple and Partisan League, who never had anything to do with direct guarantee to the liberals of Germany of the sincerity such a program, and whose words and activities since the 2 THE LIBERATOR ‘war began have been solely dévoted to the liberation from Tt will seem strange in history that the American Presi- “economic serfdom” of the farmers of the Northwest. dent, cight months after his declaration of war, and before handful of his soldiers were baptized with battle, A principal point in the indictment against most of the fa single phalanx of Allied 166 members of the I. W. W.,who have lain so long under was strong enough to dictate to the entire exorbitant bail in a Chicago prison that one of them has nations what should be their terms of peace. It will need sxplanation. And the explanation will be that he spoke the died, one of them gone crazy, and three of them per- of the peoples of those nations manently lost their health, is that they published the word that was in the mouth as against those who would thwart them. He has ventured yt “Preamble” to the I. W./W.; a document which sets a position of almost militant leadership of those peoples forth in dignified and almost academic language the basic into he will but for the purposes of war and peace. And if —— principles of scientific socialism—principles more militantly move firmly into that position, with all clarity and definition, expressed in the Communist manifesto, which was issued in he can do more than one man has ever done since Napoleon 1848, and for seventy years circulated all over the world to constitute and create a future of the world. It is so by the hundreds of millions, and which is now incorporated much vaster a world, so much more organized with nerves in every significant library of political or social science in ‘and arteries of communication. ‘The opportunity is pro- existence. For the United States to rely upon cooperation digious. from socialists and labor bodies in Europe, while its citizens President Wilson Has the openness of vision and pliancy of are imprisoned on such charges by the jailful, is dangerous will requisite to see and grasp such an opportunity. Whether in the extreme. he cares passionately enough, and whether he has the grain A systematic persecution of I. W. W's and alleged I. W. of resolution, and whether his new knowledge of the differ- W/'s is now employing the money and energy of those patriots cence between the interests of men and the interests of money to capital who framed up the Mooney case in California. and prestige, has sufficient emotional depth to stand against The president’s own mediation commission established the him, are questions that time still fact of these attacks upon labor agitators by their employers the forces that will oppose under pretense of patriotism. It is a scandal about which, asks of his character. * if nothing at Washington can be done, at least something to restore faith can be said. Anti and Pro ‘The mobbing of innocent citizens the complexion of whose HE New York State Association “Opposed to Woman ns, or whose industrial activities, are not agreeable to Suffrage held a meeting on April second to open their ir neighbors is apparently not visited with arrest and in- {$50,000 campaign to have the suffrage law repealed. They niece used to say that if the suffrage law was passed they would

gaged, in_a more legal fashion, in the same pursuit. On March have to vote, and that was why they objected to it. But now

“th, in Benton, Illinois, a woman of Bohemian birth, Mrs: they say they won't vote. They have got into a state of con- ete ances Bergen, was ridden on a rail through the main street stitutional_ antitude which bids fair to become a regular of the town waving an American flag, an exhibition which crusade of negation. I would advise anybody who is pro ‘ought to arouse the indignation of every patriot either to the anything to look out for their president, Mrs. James W. United States or to the cause of civilization, but which passed Wadsworth. as nothing in the American press, and will no doubt so pass “May God fill our hearts,” she cried, “with righteous the officers of justice. Following that, a Socialist agitator dignation and touch our tongues with a divine fire of elo- was lynched by a mob in Collinsville, Illinois, for alleged quence so that we may carry the gospel of anti-suffrage, anti- “disloyal utterances,” although no intimation of the nature socialism, anti-feminism, anti-demoralization into every cor- of stich utterances is given in any press report of the ner of the land with such an inspiring trumpet call that a atrocity mighty army of believers will rise and follow our flag to I do not believe there is a disposition upon the part of victory. lovers of liberty in this country to any Socialists or radical On the same evening’ that this conflagration started, a a relaxation of vigilance against spies, or those who advocate dinner was tendered by the National Woman's Party in

would seek the collapse of our machinery of war. But there are Washirigton to Anne Martin in honor of her candidacy to millions who are appalled at the spirit of barbarism and. feudal the United States Senate from Utah. Her remarks furnish reaction and internal autocratic militarism which, though a contrast to those of Mrs. Wadsworth. She seems to have natural to spring up in war time, has been actively fostered got in the habit of being for something: by the persecutory attitude of certain officials, until it “I am running as an independent, because I believe that seems unsafe to be an agitator of any hope for humanity be- issues are more important than party machines or party yond what is comprehended by the policeman on the next organization, and that principles are more vital than either. eat. All these things could be effectually put a stop to in I am making: this present fight for the principle that it is half a day by one imperative public declaration, accompanied necessary as well as just for women to participate directly with a certain few private orders, from the president and in the government. I stand for government ownership of

commander-in-chief of the armies. And in proportion as public utilities, and for economic reorganization of our this war is a war of right and democracy, the stoppage of country and the world on the basis not of competition but these things, and the restoration of elementary liberties and of fraternity, insuring all who labor by hand or brain a fair justice to men without capitalistic influence, would strengthen stake in industries, and a just share of the fruit of their the government in its waging of the war, and strengthen it labor. On these issues I hope to win the support of all immeasurably in that democratic world-reconstruction which parties, and open the way for women in the United States it has declared to be the irreducible term of peace. Senate.”

NIGHT IN PRISON Hard cut by work, unpraised— JN my call at night A forest of battle signals; ‘The blare of the electric bulb outside my door of bars; And my voice ‘The walls of naked plaster scales, black halfway up and Lifting my soul from me then dirty white ‘And flinging it to the faces and hands Asa banner . Our three beds, one above the other on the sagging iron frame. My two mates sleeping—out of jail for a while And you, My friends, And I alone in my cell . - . Alone in the gigantic Warriors with me in war profundity of the night, in my special little cham, And worshippers with me before beauty, ber in this hive of restraint . . \ Sensitive, ‘The toilet is a running sore punctuating the Swaying to humor or to tears, minutes with perpetual leakage, puffing sewer gas But strong in rejection of the shining mess maliciously. That is called success . . . ‘My muscles are stunned with the twenty hours’ en- ‘Those who with me have joyed in a fragrant peal of closing every day. words, Desires spring half strangled against the walls and Or journeyed in the cellars of the world with laughing bars and then fall back into dull defeat. poise. It is all black and grey and close and unclean . Far down in me, flickering, Allis with me tonight Little one, do I know you,— In this cell. Stamped down and closed in, battened and battered? ‘The battle And beauty A light! And the hills and cities Spring up, flame of my soul! And the triumphant road Burn, somber flowers of my hopes! ‘And my friends. the bars, strong thoughts in me! Cleave music of remem- Slowly expanding, I hear the urgent ©, you creaking corpses, brance Billowed with pompous gasses, ‘The cities I have made court to and which I have won, Who have placed me here,— Carrying loot of love and struggle from them. ‘These things you cannot take from me! ‘The roads — Outside, , sacred roads !— ‘The night is laying muted hands ‘The thousand ways of the world, Upon the tossed angles of the city, Leading everywhere Swathing the world in hush and moon-wrapped ‘And seducing me to the unforseen. shadow. ‘The city lights ring bells of white ‘There is a play of light upon a patch Against the city’s mantle. Of shrinking grass, so young for the roaming of young It made me wish to father it ‘And the streets are prepared ‘The day I saw it first, ‘men, drunken with dreams and causes. Coming down the path that twined Around the placid hill . Wine of the world, — O, laughing pain ‘The ship breaks obstinately In the petals of the world, — ‘Through the elusive ramparts Here— Of the mottled waves; As before, on the hills, And the wind Or the seas, Sweeps through me Or in the eruptive streets— Carrying sharp cleanliness Iknow you. . Faces. . Charles Ashleigh, I. W. W. ‘Mouths clenched in fight; Cook County Jail. Hands, THE LIBERATOR

LOTS WIFE Boardman Robinson THEN Boardman Robinson shows me a drawing or a ‘a woman, and the little inconsiderable round hills that pile painting that he loves, he always moves a big hand over up so plump. in the background and the firm and fortified the surface of it in some generous symmetrical gesture, as shape of nature beside her. They all relate to one another though to convince me that the picture is flowing as well —no word can say how But the picture is one. It is one as poised, and to make sure that I experience the balance gesture in space, even as it is one instant in time, Sculp-

nd motion, as well as the color and. passion, which are more tural and energetic and heavy with emotion, easily caught. Like the ancient Chinese painters, his great ‘The other picture is more difficult to think of as a design preoccupation, and the value that he loves most in art, is because of the absorbing personal conflict that it por- ‘hythm.” trays. There is ingenious human understanding in this Boardman Robinson is composing a series of drawings out artist who re-persons the tempter of idealists, not sly and of incidents related in the Bible, choosing those incidents sinister, not itchingly demonic, but broad and strong and for their amazing concentration of dramatic feeling, and comfortable—"established” as we say—and able to be almost

yet demanding—with some perversity—that we consider grufily kind and fatherly toward the poor, beautiful crank them “designs” and not dramas. They are designs of pas. who is throwing away his great gifts on some utopian sion as well as position. There is a relation, half spatia notion about mankind. “Come, come, my boy!” he might and_ half spiritual, between the mad breathless neurotic say. To portray this conflict, and contain and carry it all ina fright of this figure of Lot's wife, turning and yet trying single rhythmic gesture of the hand and eye, as inevitably to go, wishing to turn and yet wishing she. had not, warm and grandly as nature herself carries all conflicting things with infantile curiosity and yet already cooling into ageless in her current—that is, I think, the purpose of the artist cerystal—between this tall spoiled child that might have been who made it Max Eastman,

May, 1918 27

af THE TEMPTATION 28 R ED: RUS) S:1 Aq A Visit to the Army — II cobbles, but pitted and torn [ln his article last month John Reed described the new dem- chaussee, orginally paved with and cratic organizations which sprang up to take charge of, the by the passage of armies, and deep in mud, Straight Russian army under the Reyolution. In this article he tells of powerful it plunged directly southwest, to the lines—and ‘the workings of democracy in the rank and filed beyond to Riga—over the rolling country. Peasants, mostly painted war-gray, we slipped Kerchiefed women who grinned cheerfully as we passed, N the Iskosol automobile, the broken places. down the hill out of Venden, through its German-look- were carelessly dumping stones and dirt on thronged with masses of soldiers, past An endless succession of trucks and wagon-trains went by, ing medieval streets, the di- ‘avalry with long lances and rifles slung cross-wise on their empty from a long train of bullock-carts coming back of infantry straggling along, single soldiers. rection of the front. At.the edge of the village a regiment cks, squads a sack was swinging up, headed by its band playing the Russian One drove a cow, on which he had hung his rifle and a great flag all red, with gold letters, of carrots. There were wounded men, with arms tied in “Marseillaise,” and “Peace and Liberty.” The soldiers were coming out of the bloody rags. Man} were barefoot in the cold ooze. Almost bloody trenches. They had marched thirty miles through all bore upon their uniforms somewhere a spot of red; and the revolutionary music they everyone seemed to have a newspaper in his pocket or his mud. To the great sweep of tramped stiffly, arms swinging with the peculiar motion of hand. Russian infantry, heads thrown up and back, grey, gaunt We turned south off the main highway for a few miles the corduroy, faces strained and stern. A forest of tall bayonets swayed over a road built of tree-trunks laid side by. side, above them, and they choked the narrow street—a torrent of through deep pine forests to the little village where the Stab mud-colored humanity. ‘The coats of several were in rags— Corpue has its headquarters. In the datchia of some long- in bare feet. The window in a house wall vanished land-owner the officers of the staff welcomed us, some were walking Socialist credentials, they cooled leaned out, but after glancing at our high-up swung open, and a yellow-haired girl Taughed and waved... perceptibly, and did not even offer a glass of tea—which is for days; about as near an insult as a Russian can get. However, the Tt rained, as it had rained steadily, monotonously, twenty-two year old captain who went with us soon began go on raining for weeks. . . . The as it would probably to talk with Russian expansiveness, telling many things he Jewish lientenant who went with us was pouring out scraps, ‘odds and ends of interesting information. He told how the doubtless should not have told Jews had always been forced to serve in the ranks, but that “Between ourselves,” he said,” “‘we all think that there Since the Revolution thousands had become officers was treason in the fall of Riga. Of course we were terribly although many preferred to stay in the ranks because shoul- overweighted by the German heavy artillery and the army der-straps are distrusted by the soldiers. Before the Revo- was torn by all sorts of bad feeling between men and officers, lution the soldiers only received 65 kopeks (now about thir- But even then. . . . You remember at the Moscow Con- teen cents), per month—but now they got seven and a half ference when General Kornilov said: ‘Must we lose Riga roubles (a dollar and a half), every thirty days; and out of to awaken the country to a sense of its peril?” Well, the re- that they often had to buy food ‘Then there was the treat from Riga began at the same time as the Kornilov question of decorations, the various degrees of the Orders of attempt St. Ann, St. Vladimir, and St. George, the last of which carry “After the first withdrawal of the 186th Division beyond with them certain small money payments. Before the Revo- the Dvina, all the army received general orders to retreat— lution these crosses were bestowed by a council of superior not to any particular point, but simply to retreat. Then the officers, as emanating from the Emperor; now they were staff disappeared for days.’ There was a panic. ‘The Iskosol given by acclamation by an assembly of the soldiers. These was trying to stop the flight. On the Pskov chausee just slight details indicating the profound change that north of here T came upon disorganized fragments of the were only Seventh Division taken place in all the relations of military life. in disorder. An officer showed me the hhad He also spoke of the retreat from Riga, adding to the written orders from the staff—simply this~Go north and “In the turn to the left?” sinister story the events he himself had witnessed. rout,” he said, “the army hadn't the least idea what to do. | In the deep woods muddy soldiers were digging pits and ‘The staff completely lost its head, as it did at Tarnopol. building tog huts half-underground, covering the roofs with For three days it disappeared, leaving only general orders to dirt and branches—for winter quarters. All through this retreat, and seattéred along the roads, each officer for him- back country soldiers swarmed. Each patch of forest was self. It was the Iskosol which decided to defend our main full of artillery-limbers and horses, squadrons of cavalry positions, and we set up headquarters here in Venden and bivouacked under the trees, and in the sullen downpour thin organized the military resistance on our own responsibility curls of blue smoke mounted straight up into the cold, quiet

Tt was bad enough before,” he went on, “but since Riga the air. Again we were speeding along the great Pskov road, soldiers refuse to obey any general staff orders unless coun- through the rich, fertile country of the Estland barons— ter-signed by us... - But it works not badly.” those powerful German landowners, the most reactionary Now we were bumping along the wide, bleak Pskov in all Russia. Great estates extended on both sides of the

29 By JOHN’ REED road, solid miles of fields lately plowed’or yellow-green with grunted the other, and turned slowly to us. “If these are abandoned crops; forests, deep green. pines or flaming Americans,” he went on, “ask them why their country re- Birches; lakes, pools, rivers; and the ample farmhouses of fused to endorse the Russian peace terms. Tell them that rich peasants, @r chateaux of the local lords, - Occasional this is prolonging the war; that thousands of Russian men soldiers would be working in the fields, The Association of are dying because of it.” Zemstovs had plowed and planted all the Baltic provinces Half a mile further along we stood in front of the’ com- $0 that this year’s harvest would feed the army and leave a pany commander’s dug-out while he spoke to the captain in on poods over—now almost fallen into German hands. low tones of the desperate situation, The soldiers had been Whole acres of eabbages were rotting yellow, untouched, saying that soon they would go home; regiments of four and fields of beets and carrots were washed out by the rain, thousand men had been reduced to one thousand; there was ‘The ostentatious. country houses stood roofess, burnt; the not enough food, clothes, boots; they had been in the trenches peasant homesteads had their windows smashed, and tra for months, without relief; they did not trust their officers. OF Toot fed in all directions, And over the silent country, “Tell them in America,” cried a soldier, “that we are not cowards! We did not run away from Riga without fighting. Waste and empty, only immense flocks of rooks wheeled Screaming in the fain, the throbbing mutter of far-off battle Three-quarters of us are dead... .” founded, and the only human life was the hysterical life of “True! True!” muttered others, crowding around. A an army in battle, « voice shouted, “Riga was betrayed!” There was silence. Now the rain had at last ceased, in the western sky the Off to the right a quarter-mile across the plain, the village towering clouds moved and broke through to blue gold. The of Ziegewald was being bombarded. Unseen, unheralded rich green land steamed. Birds sang. A group of soldiers except by the mufled boom of canons miles away, the shells stood looking up to heaven with haggard and apprehensive ame whining down out of the gray sky, and house after faces; for with good weather the firing begins. Indeed, al- house heaved up and burst apart in splinters and black smoke, most immediately came the faint high drone of an aeroplane, Our automobile turned in and entered the village., Only a like a wasp, and we saw it slowly circling up above th Block away some unseen thing roared suddenly and tore a trees. All around us the soldiers began scattering to their building apart—the air was full of bricks, Down the street trenches. Rifles cracked. Behind us the Russian batteries

Some peasants stood at the door of their hut, a bearded man and a woman with a baby in her arms, quietly watching. A ‘gave tongue, and on the pale sunny sky flowered shrapnel.

“Useless!” The captain” shrugged. “We have no anti few soldiers went nonchalantly across the fields, hands in aircraft guns, no aeroplanes. The Twelfth Army is blind.’ pockets, more interested in us than the shelling. Almost Overhead the thing soared low, running along the lines, into it we drove, and Right then behind turned us, off where to the we left. had The passed, cap- ‘and on its painted armor the sun glanced dully. Guns roared tain was laughing. to now all over the country; shells burst before and behind it, a jagged pit opened in the road. Shrapnel began but it glided on lightly, contemptuously. From the woods » burst. they shouted hoarse insults and fired. ‘Along a deserted road, only used at night—for it was in sight of the enemy—we crept beside a cedar hedge, while ‘Come on,” said the captain. “Let’s get out of here, They over our heads the hurtling shells went whistling, high up. are going to shell this place... .” Half a mile behind, over to the right, a Russian six-inch We had got up the hill behind the gutted farmhouse when

unseen target, so far away it began—the far thud-thud-thud of German three-inch guns, battery fired methodically at some followed by sharp explosions in groups of three, over the were barely audible. Through a farm that the explosions barn, both roof- place where we had stood. Rifle fire began pricking along a big house and a stone wwe went, between soldiers and field-kitchens; and along the nervous miles. Batteries far and near, concealed in Jess and peopled with above the river At, copses, behind old walls, spoke to each other and replied. an open field to the wooded heights Invisible missiles wove in the sky a tapestry of deadly sound. where lay the Russian first-line trenches. Tike grotesque, mud-colored monsters the Russian soldiers The aeroplane swooped and circled alone, humming. from their bomb-proofs to, look us over—gaunt, Behind us as we went, all the west turned swiftly golden- crawled’ combinations of pouring sunset up the sky, and the clouds piled up in Grab-faced creatures, dressed in outlandish red, clothes, eet) feet ruins like a city on fire. In the clear yellow-green between ‘odds Wrapped and in ends rags, of military Since we and were civilian with officers they were a star began to burn, and below it a sausage-shaped German Tullenly suspicious, and demanded papers. Through the trees observation balloon crawled slowly up and hung there, sinister, We could ave the’ opposite bluffs, where the Germans lay like an eye... . Night fell. ‘The fire freshened, pricking hidden—but it was stil raining steadily, drearily, and there and crashing everywhere. Birds sang sleepy songs. A flock feemed to be a tacit agreement between both sides not to of rooks wheeled around a windmill wrecked by artillery. Shoot From far-off came the feverish stutter of a machine-gun. the red arm-band of Back through Ziegewald, in the quiet dusk filled again A bearded soldier © fame up, wearing with vague human shapes which moved among the ruins, the soldiers’ committee peat blasted country, 50 he asked the captain, with- and along the Pskov road through the out “An salting, ws from All the Petrograd?” others crowded around. The captain empty and yet so full of unnatural life. The stars were out. answered that he himself had not seen the papers. “Huh It was cold, Behind us the battle fell away. Fires twinkled

30 THE LIBERATOR over the plain, in the woods-fires of soldiers, fires of refugees inal elements that every army has, and then there were bun- who camped there, many of them without blankets, because gry men, Considering the general disorganization it is re- z the towns were crowded. Echoes of great choruses floated markable they looted so little. ‘Then you must understand i to us, of songs about home, and love, and peace, and harvest that the Russian soldiers have always been taught that on a j —and Revolution. Our headlights picked out details of the retreat it is a patriotic duty to drive out the civilian popula~ miserable interminable procession — the homeless, the tion and destroy everything to prevent it falling into the hands. But the most important reason is that the wounded, the weary, those with naked feet, patrols, re- enemy's were suspicious of the Lettish population, which lies Russians The captain was giving concise details about the state of they thought were Germanophile, and the reactionary officers things. Every regiment had lost at least 60 per cent of its encouraged this resentment. Hideous things have been done strength. Companies normally of 250 men had now less by counter-revolutionary provocateurs.” than too. Battalion commanders now were at the head of regiments; regimental commanders of div he himself, nominally the captain of a company, now commanded a bat War As Class Issue talion. He had been gravely wounded four times. ‘The Russian soldiers really consider the Baltic provinces ‘As for politics, the captain laughingly protested that “he alien territory and do not see why they should defend it. had none. He was just an amused onlooker, he said. “What ‘And they have looted, robbed. But in spite /of all, it is only the German overlords who want the Germans to come will come will come. To me, a philosopher, life is always in, and the bourgeoisie which depends upon them; the rest the same. Nitchevo. After all, external events do not of the population has had a belly-full of German civilization, matter @ and the workers, soldiers and landless laborers have long tack in Venden ‘The day betore we had seen a been Social-Democrats, thoroughly in sympathy with the Rev- olution, That is why the.war against Germany was so uni notice of a bolshevik meeting. Tavaristch Peters was to yersally popular in Livonia—it was a class issue. speak, ‘The commandant had forbidden it. But we learned that it had taken place after all. The Iskosol sent word that it must not be held, but the Iskosol was disregarded. The A Working Class Army ‘commandant of the town sent dragoons—but the dragoons This was corroborated at the office of the Tskolostreel—the stayed to the meeting. Executive Committee of the Lettish Sharp-shooters, of which The open market-place was thronged with soldiers, and with the few peasants who still remained in the surrounding nine regiments, some 15,000 men, belonged to the Twelfth country. The peasants had cabbages, apples, cheese and Army. The Letts are almost all bolsheviks and relied almost some rare belts of home-made cloth to sell; and the soldiers altogether upon their own organization, a really revolutionary had loot—chiefly worn silver watches such as the peasants crowd of fine young fighters. Originally a volunteer corps of carry, with here and there a ring. The wide cobbled place the bourgeoisie, the sharp-shooters had finally been reorgan- was thick with moving masses of dun-colored soldiers, often ized to include ‘all the Letts drafted into the Russian Army, in rags, sometimes without boots. Bits of leather capable until it was overwhelmingly a working-class body. ‘of being made into a shoe-sole brought fifty roubles; aluminum shaving dishes were highly prized, and accordions. Visitors ‘

T saw a broken suspender bid in for ten roubles. Word had gone about that Americans were in town—the first within the memory of local mankind—and we had visi The “Death March” tors. First was a school-teacher, who spoke French, a little man with a carefully-trimmed beard and gold-rimmed glasses, ‘A squadron of Cossacks, rifles on backs, rode up the stre with their peaked caps over one ear, and their ‘love-locks’ who declared he was a member of the Intelligentsia and ap- very prominent. The leader was playing an accordion; proved of revolutions, but not of the class struggle. He averred the he had been deputed by the peasants of his village every few minutes all the voices crashed together in a chorus. ‘Then a Lettish regiment came marching along down, swing- to come and ask us how to end the war ‘Then there ing their arms and singing the slow Lettish Death March, wwas a fat German-American baker by the name of Witt, who so solemn and courageous. As they went along comrades had an American passport and had lived in Cincinnati. He them farewell. They were professed himself to be a great admirer of President Wilson, ran out from the sidewalk to kiss had a very hazy idea of the Russian revolution, and came for bound for the line of fire. In the town-hall sat the Refugee Committee, almost advice as to where 0 emigrate; was the bakery business swamped by the thousands of people who had fled before the very profitable in Siberia? Finally a sleek, oily prosperous- advance of the Germans or the retreat of the Russians— looking peasant, who represented the Lettish Independence homeless, helpless. The committee had originally been cre- Movement, and deluged us with bad history and shady ated by the Imperial government, but since the revolution all statistics to prove the yearning desire of every Lett that members are elected by the refugees themselves. The secre- Livonia should be an independent country—a desire which tary took us down into the foul, flooded cellar where every we already knew was almost non-existent. and old men, day were fed seven hundred women, children The Iskolostreel Investigates Loot Bright and carly next morning thundered at our door “Why did the Russian soldiers loot?” he repeated, thought- Dodparouchik Peterson, secretary of the Iskolostreel. The fully, He himself was a Lett. “Well, there were the crim- soldiers’ committee of the Second Lettish Brigade had sent

May, 1918 31 in a complaint about the inefficiency of sixteen officers; a dele- He shrugged disdainfully ‘A few. But we call them the gate of the Iskosol and the Iskolostzeel was going down to ‘demagogue’ off rs, and naturally don't associate with them, the lines to see about it; did we want to come along? ‘This time it was an ambulance which carried us, together Pity the Officer! with Dr. Nahumsen, the delegate army surgeon, holder of The others volunteered further interesting information. several German university degrees, veteran evolutionist In the first place, according to them, there were no bolshe- and prominent member of the Bolshevik faction. We had viks in the army—except the committees. The Lettish aboard also about half a ton of bolshevik papers—Soldat and troops are ignorant and illiterate. ‘The committees inter- Rabotchie Poot—to distribute along the front. No passes fere seriously with military operations. And the masses of were necessary, for nobody dared stop such a powerful personage. soldiers are bitterly jealous of the workmen in the towns, he condition of the army?” the doctor shrugged hi: who get phenomenal wages and only work eight hours, while

“we are on duty here twenty-four hours a day.” shoulders and smiled unpleasantly. “What do you want By this time we had sat at the table two long hours, drink- Our French, English and American comrades do not send ing tea and smoking, during which time the entire staff did us the supplies they promised. Is it possible that they are absolutely nothing but talk. One tall boy, with a smell of trying to starve the Revolution?” brillantine floating around his shining hair, went over to the

piano and began idly fingering waltzes. "Occasionally two The Death Penalty bent and aged peasants, man and woman, she with bare fect, We asked about the death penalty in the army, over which crept through the room to the tiny closet they had been such a bitter controversy was raging between the radicals allowed to keep for themselves, An hour later, and reactionaries. when we left to go to the soldiers’ committee, the staff of the “Consider,” he replied, “what the death penalty in this Second Lettish Brigade was still “working twenty-four hours army signified. Today I will show you regiments, entirely a day,” and expressing its honest resentment against the Bolshevik, who have been reduced from four thousand meh factory workers of Moscow and Petrograd. to seven—in this last month's fighting. In all the Twelfth

Army there have only been sixty men officially proclaimed deserters since the fall of Riga. No, my friend, Mr. Ke Fraternization ensky’s death penalty has not been applied to cowards, The way to the Committee led down across a little brook, deserters and mutineers. ‘The death penalty in the Russian up a winding path through a wood all blazoned yellow and Army is for Bolsheviks, for ‘agitators’, who can be shot down red, and out upon lush meadows where the view plunged without trial by the revolver of an officer. Luckily they westward forever across the rich, rolling country. A gaunt, have not tried it here—they do not dare R silent youth on horseback led the way, and as we got further and further away from the staff he began to smile, and Whenever we passed a group of soldiers, Peterson threw offered his horse to ride. And he talked, telling of the May ‘out a bundle of papers; he held a pile on his lap, and doled them out one by one to passersby. Thousands of papers with days when the Russian troops fraternized with the Germans the reactionary program of the new coalition government— all along this front suppression of the Soviets, iron discipline in the army, war to The Germans sent spies,” he said, “but then, so did our the uttermost officers. ‘There is always somebody around to betray: the people, no matter what nation you belong to. Many times

Reactionary Officers they tried to make us attack our German comrades, but we

refused. And they also refused; I know of one regiment, Brigade staff headquarters were in a brick farm-house, where [had many friends, which was condemned for mutiny, on a little hill amid wooded meadows. In the living room reorganized, and twelve men were shot. And still they the officers sat at a long table, a polkovnik, his Tieutenant- would not fight the Russians. So they were sent to the coionel and a group of smart youths wearing the cords of Western front. As it was, they finally had to tell us Ties to staff duty, eating stchi, mountains of meat, and drinking interminable tea in a cloud of cigarette smoke. They wel- make us advance. comed us with great cordiality and a torrent of Moscow French—which is very like that of Stratford; and in fifteen A Soviet Committee minutes Dr. Nahumsen and the Colonel were bitterly dis- It was about half a mile to where the low, wide, thatch- puting: polities. covered farm house and its great barn stood baldly on a little ‘The Colonel was a frank reactionary—out to crush Ger- rise of ground. Artillery limbers stood parked there, horses many, still loyal to Nicholas the Second, convinced that the were being led to watér, there were little cook-fires, and country was ruined by the Revolution, and utterly opposed many soldiers. A huge brick stove divided the interior of to the soldiers’ committees. the house. On one side lived the peasant and his wife and

“The trouble with the army,” he said, “is that it is con- children, all their belongings heaped in the corners;.the cerned about politics. Soldiers have no business to think.” other half was bare except for two home-made benches and All the rest followed their superior’s lead. The podpol- a rough table, heaped high with papers, reports, pamphlets— koonik, a round, merry person with twinkling eyes, informed ‘among which I noticed Lenine’s “Imperialism As a New me confidentially that “no officer of any character or dignity Stage in Capitalism.” Around this sat six men, one of them would have any dealings with the soldiers’ committees.” a non-commissioned officer, the rest privates—the presidium “Are there no officers who work with the committees?” the Soviet of the Second Lettish Brigade. Without any Tasked, place to sleep except the hay-loft, without winter clothes or

32 THE LIBERATOR If the soldiers were enough to eat, the committee sat permanently, and had been of minor offenses—such as stealing. the officers, they appealed first to sitting for a month, doing the work the staff should have dissatisfied with their to the Central done. ‘Commissar of the Army, and if he did nothing, ‘This is no unsupported assertion on my part. One had Executive Army Committee. ; “We know,” said the chairman, “which officers are for us only to ask any soldier where he got his food, his clothing— us. We know that Riga was be- what he did get—who found and assigned his quarters, rep- and which are against heavy resented him politically, defended his interests; he would trayed. On the first of August we had aeroplanes, artillery; but when the Germans attacked, all those things always say, “The Committee.” If the Commander-in-Chief He shrugged. “But what can we do? of the Russian Armies gave an order for the Second Lettish had been sent away.” We must Brigade to attack, or to retreat, not a single man would move We must defend the Revolution, and Petrograd. Committee. This resulted watch them, and make them fight... .” without the endorsement of the us copies of all orders of the staff, kept from two fears; one that they would be sent to Petrograd “They showed of all troops of to suppress the Revolution, the other that they would be carefully on file here; the chart of location as they were tricked in June. the brigade, which had been quartered by the committees tricked into an offensive and purchases of food, clothing, shells, guns; and ‘They welcomed us with great friendliness, wiping off the requisitions soldier party- bench where we were to sit, fetching cigarettes, taking our the record of the political transactions of the coats; other soldiers crowded in and stood about the door, groups with the Soviets and with the Government. silently watching. “We'ré'the Ministry of War!” said one member, jocularly, , “The Ministry of War? We're the whole govern- “Good Training” ment @ ‘A youth with a bright, happy face and towsled hair was regiments had the chairman, He told us how the Lettish “Nobody Left in Siberia been in the front ranks for six months without rest, and outside were quartered several bat they had sent word to the Ministry of War in Petrograd In the loft of the barn which that if they were not relieved by October first, they would teries of light artillery, part of a Siberian regiment simply leave the trenches. One regiment had been reduced had just arrived from Irkutsk. With their enormous grey were without ade- wool shapkis, boots made from wild beast hides with the fur from four thousand men to seven, and all outside, new blouses and ruddy faces, they looked like an- quate food or clothing. ‘They complained bitterly about their food. low ca the men stand it? Tasked. other race. say it is good training,” he answered, and My companion picked out a boy who looked about thirteen “The officers “You Aren't you too young to be a soldier? Why, you're only everybody laughed. A soldier near the door cried, And again they just big enough to have a girl” don't see many officers going barefoot!” “Tf I'm old enough to be in love, I'm old enough to fight,” laughed, war broke out, I was only answered the boy. “When the ‘The Committee seemed highly amused at the officers’ ac- fifteen, but now I'm a man.” cusations. are jealous of the workmen in the cities. “Aren't you afraid somebody will steal your girl while “They say we But we are ourselves workmen, and we will share the short ou are away?” hours and high wages they have won for us, when we return ‘The boy shrugged. “There's nobody left in Siberia to steal her,” he said simply. to the cities after the war. Most of us are union men : losses in the war are already more than seven mil- ‘There are no bolsheviks in the army? Well, this committee Russia's every member of every com- lions at the front—twice that in the rear. Four years. was only elected last month, and mittee in this brigade is bolshevik We are not illiter- Children have grown up to manhood, put on uniform, gone per cent. cannot read to the trenches. “There is nobody left in Si- fate; on the contrary, less than two and write. The Letts all go to school. As for interfering beria. se with military matters, we have nothing to do with them whatever, except in the case of mass movement of troops, which are always arranged beforehand.” A Market for Loot Sunday in Venden. A gusty heaven overhead, thin clouds Tribunals opening in a washed blue sky, with a watery sun riding there, Revolutionary Underfoot, black mud, trampled by thousands of boots ‘There had been no killing of reactionary officers in this Brigade, even in the Korniloy days—although Colonel townspeople and peasants, who had driven in for miles Kruskin went around at that time openly praying for the around, thronging the Lutheran church, with mingled Rus- success of the counter-revolution, Several brutal officers sian soldiers, very curious but respectful. In the open market had, however, been forced to retire, and one was brought place the bartering of odds and ends of loot was before a revolutionary tribunal for beating a soldier; but going full blast. Immensely high above the town an aero- he died in battle before the judgment. plane drifted southwest, and all about it the firmament was Courts martial in the Twelfth Army had been replaced by splotched with white and black smoke-bursts. ‘The sound of a petty explosions and the hum of the motor came faintly. People revolutionary military courts. Each company had and said, “Niemtssy!” (German.) court of five elected members—soldiers or officers; above looked up carelessly that was the full regimental court, composed of 28 soldiers ‘Along about midday tables appeared in two corners of the ‘and 14 officers, elected by the full regiment; and a presidium square. Then the banners—the revolutionary banners, in of six chosen by this assembly sat permanently for the trial every shade of red, with gold, silver and white letters on

May, 1918 33 them, moving bright and splendid through the great crowd, side. Spontaneous roars of applause, scattered angry cries Speakers mounted the tables. It was a double mass-mecting, burst from it. Almost all the speakers were boisheviks, Russian in one corner, Lettish in another, forbidden by the and their unbroken refrain was, “All the power to the Soviets, Commandant and frowned upon by the Iskosol. All the town land for the peasants, an immediate democratic peace.” had turned out for it, and most of the fifteen thousand Toward the last, someone undertook to deliver an old- troops. And there was no doubt of the sentiments of that fashioned “patriotic” oration—but the fierce blasts of dis- audience—from the great flags behind the tables, one in- approval .quickly drove him from the platform. Then a

scribed, “Power to the People! Long live Peace!” and the little professor with gold-rimmed spectacles tried to deliver other, “Bread, Peace and Freedom!” to the thunderous roars on the Lettish national movement; but no one paid the least that met the hot words of the speakers, denouncing the gov- attention to him. ernment for not forcing the peace conference, daring it to suppress the Soviets, and dwelling much upon the Imperial- A Relic of the Dead Past istic designs of the Allies in the war. On a knoll over the water was a black marble tomb, let: tered as follows: A Peace Meeting “Dedicated tothe memory of the creator of this Surely never since history began has a fighting army held park, Count Carl Sievers, by his tenderly-loving and such a peace meeting in the midst of battle. The Russian high-regarding son, Oberhofmeister’ Senator Count soldiers have won freedom from the tsar, they do not be- Emanuel Sievers, this memorial is erected on this little lieve that there is any reason for continuing a war which hill, which was named Carlsberg after his own name they consider to have been imperialistic from the first, they Carl. On this spot he, at that time the last-surviving yet are they strongly fight impregnated on... . with . international Socialism—and lord of Castle-Wenden, together with the Duckernschen Under the wintry sun the banners moved in a little wind, Peasants’ Council and their wives, ate lunch, while the alive and glittering, and in thousands the dun-colored sol- peasants’ children danced on the nearby flat place. dier-masses stood listening, motionless, to any man who “Thereby had he, with his own artistic sense, with his ‘wanted to speak. ‘The chairman of the Iskolostreel managed own creative talents, an idea to dig a large pit in the the meeting with tiny white flag. Overhead always the midst of a stream from the rich springs of Duckern- aeroplanes passed and passed, sometimes circling nearby schen, and to place here a great pool, by himself beaut From far rumbled the thunder of heavy artillery—it was fully imagined, in which the noble ruins of the old good weather for battle. A flock of rooks wheeled in hoarse Ordens-Schloss could reflect themselves” agitation around the church spire. And past the end of the A. couple of soldiers came lounging up. One slowly square went unceasingly long trains of trucks and wagons. spelled out the frst words, “Graf! Count!” he exclaimed, and spat. “Well, he's dead, There was too much noise. ~The speakers could not be heard. And every time a German aeroplane came near, like so many comrades. He was probably a good guy. there was an uneasy craning of necks—for the village had Around the monument, the “great pool,” across the rustic been bombed three times, and many people killed. The bridges and in and out of the artificial grottoes of the aris- chairman of the two meetings signalled with their little tocratic old park, roamed hundreds of gaunt men in filthy flags, the speakers leaped down, tables rose upon shoulders, uniforms. The ancient turf was torn to mud. Rags, papers, the great red banners dipped and moved... ~ First cigarette stubs littered the ground. Up the hillsides were went the Letts, headed by a band of women singing the banked the masses of the proletariat, under red banners of

the social revolution. Surely in all its stirring history the ‘mournful, stark revolutionary songs of the country; then Ordens-Schloss the banners with Lettish inscriptions; then the Russian ban- never looked down on any scene as strange ners, and after them all the thousands and thousands, pour- as this! ing like a muddy river in flood along the narrow street. In Beyond the park music was going down the road toward at a great gate we went, and past the baronial manor of the the little Lutheran cemetery. They were burying three Sievers family, liege-lords of Venden. Here on a spur of Lettish sharp-shooters, killed in action yesterday. First rock rose the tremendous ruins of the medieval castle of the came two carts, each with a soldier who strewed the road Teutonic Knights, and below the ground fell steeply down, with evergreen boughs. At the gate of the cemetery one of through ancient trees all yellow and crimson with autumn the soldiers brushed off his hands, heaved a sigh, took out a Teaves, to a pond with lilies. From the window of the high cigarette and lighted it, and began to weep. The whole town was now streaming down along the road, peasant keep one coiild see miles across the fertile, smiling country ‘woods, lakes, chateaux, fields all chocolate brown, or vivid women in their Sunday Kerchiefs, old men in rusty black, green, foliage all shades from gold to blood-red, gorgeous. soldiers. In their midst moved the military band, slowly Rushing down torrent-like through the trees the Lettish playing that extraordinary Lettish death-march, which has banners moved with wailing song to the hill under the castle, such a triumphant, happy note. Then the white coffins, with while the Russians paused midway down a steep slope and aluminum plaques saying: “Eternal Peace.” set their table under a great oak tree. Around the two tr Peace, peace—how many times you hear that word at the bunes the people packed themselves, hung in the trees, heaped front. ‘The Revolution means peace, popular government fon the roofs of some old sheds... . Speaker followed means peace, and last of all, bitterly, death means peace. No all through the long afternoon. Five hours the im- funeral has the poignant solemnity of a funeral at the front. speaker, its ears, Almost all these men and women have lost some men in the mense crowd stood there, intent, listening with all with all its soul. Like a glacier, patient, slow-moving, a war; they know what it means, death. And these hundreds mass of dun caps and brown faces carpeting the steep hill- of soldiers, with stiff, drawn faces; they knew these three

34 THE LIBERATOR of an ever- dead—perhaps some of them even spoke with them, heard aloof, and soon Williams sat alone in the mid: shell fell out widening circle. The soldiers were gatheres in groups, them laugh, joke, before the unseen whining of the sky and tore them to bloody pieces. They realize well talking in low tones. that perhaps next time it will be their turn Suddenly he saw coming toward him a committee of three the quiet deepness of the pastor's voice and muffled privates, carrying rifles with fixed bayonets, and looking To down, and thud, “Who are you?” the leader asked. “Why are sobbing everywhere, the coffins are lowered dangerous. German spy, trying thud, drops the heavy wet earth, with a sound like cannon you giving away cigarettes? Are you a far away. The chairman of the Iskolostreel is making a to bribe the Russian revolutionary army?” revolutionary speech over the graves. ‘The band plays, and Ail over the platform the crowd followed, slowly packing 4 quavering hymn goes up. Nine times the rifles of the itself around Williams and the committee, muttering angrily ; i —ready to tear him to pieces. firing squad erash on the still air. Overhead is the venomous buzz of an aeroplane. From the woods comes a faint roar of applause. Here death— there life, And as we slowly disperse comes a committee to We were packed into the train too tight to move. In ‘get the band, excited and eager. Tn the park they are compartments meant for six people twelve were jammed, and there was such a crowd in the aisles that no one could still speaking, and the temporary chairman asks, “Is there stamped anyone here ‘who wants to say anything against the bol- pass. On the roof of the car a hundred soldiers sheviks?” Silence. There appears to be no one. “The their feet and sang shrill songs in the freezing band will be here in a minute”—a great shout—“and then Inside all the windows were shut, everybody smoked, there ‘we'll make a demonstration through the town was universal conversation. One People—For 2 Moment Meanwhile Life Goes on As Usual At Valk some gay Red Cross nurses and young officers ‘And now the band is coming down through the trees, still climbed in at the windows, with candy, bottles of vodka, playing the death march. On the flat place near the pool it a feast. By some All the dun- cheese, sausages, and all the materials for the Marseillaise. forms, strikes up suddenly wedged themselves among us and began to colored thousands are singing now, a thunderous great make merry. They grew amorous, kissing and fondling each chorus that shakes the trees. The banners are coming to- other. In our compartment two couples fell to embracing, gether in front. The chairman waves his white flag. We half lying upon the seats. Somebody pulled the black shade start—at first slowly, feet rustling over the fallen leaves, over the lights; another shut the door. It was a debauch, then gathering volume, pouring swifter and swifter up with the rest of us looking on. through the trees, a wild flood roaring up, unstoppable. coughing inces- In the upper birth lay a young captain, ‘The band tries to play—there are snatches and rags of music, santly and terribly. Every little while he lifted his wasted confused singing. Everybody is exalted; faces are alight— face and spat blood into a handkerchief. And over and over arm and arm we go. It is like what the first days of he cried: “The Russians are animals!” the Revolution must have been. It is the Revolution born bacchic cries, again, as it is without ceasing born again, braver, wiser Above the roaring of the train, coughing, after much suffering. ~ Through all the streets and al- * quarrels, all through the night one could hear the, feet of leys of the town we tush impetuous, and the town is one ged soldiers pounding on the roof, rhythmically, and the moment, as Russia will again be one their nasal singing... - people again for people—for a moment. the moment. It is Monday, and the Little But only for Soviet is in closed session. When the doors are closed, TO AN AVIATOR lights are thrown into the faces of the crowds and outsiders expelled, protesting. One by one the delegates add to the F they should tell me you were dead gloomy picture of disaster. The scouts are in open revolt I would know only that one starry dawn Because their bread allowance has been eut; in another regi- You climbed beyond the shadows, faced the red tment the officers insist on carrying the full amount of the baggage, and had to leave the field telephones behind; in ‘Sweet flush before the morning and were gon another part of the front the men refuse to build winter One swift and shining moment high above quarters, saying it is easier to seize the peasants! houses; The little peoples and the smoke of wars— the Soviet of the Fifth Division has passed a resolution Winged and triumphant, hot with youth and love, favoring peace at any cost; here the soldiers have become there they say, You played along the pathways of the stars. apathetic, and even indifferent to politics; “Why should we defend the country? The country has forgotten us!” ‘You reached great, empty mysteries of space, Where the forgotten worlds hang stark and gray, As we Sat on the platform waiting for the Petrograd ‘And even dreams grow cold and far away: train, it occurred to Williams that we might as well give Only the moaning winds live in that place. away our superfluous cigarettes. Accordingly he sat down And so, too eager, weary winged, you fell on a trunk and held out a big box, making generous sounds, ‘There must have been several hundred soldiers around. A Back to the dusty earth you loved so well. few came hesitantly and helped themselves, but the rest held Beulah Amidon

May, 1918 35

Hugo Gellert PLAY

Is there none in the wing WHEN: THE SONG IS DONE And none in the breast of the shivering thing song is done WHEN the Could we bring back the notes—make them over in ‘And the notes all heard, red, Who can find the thrill in a plain brown bird Color the dingy throat, breast and the head, A beggar bird shivering out in the snow Would the rapture be there Dingy and starved? Must beauty go And all that was fair

When the song is done? When the song was begun? Annette WYNNE. 36 INTERNATIONAL LABOR By Alexander Trachtenberg Anguiano from Valencia and Saborite from Oviedo. It is Dr. Trachtenberg, Editor of the American Labor believed that the present government, though very reaction- Year Book, and Lecturer on the International Labor ary, will be forced to free them. Movement ‘at the Rand School of Social Science, is probably in closer touch with working-class news than ‘anyone else in the United States. In these “Notes,” Holland which are to appear each month in The Liberator, he of food and similar ‘will not attempt any general review of the international ‘The high cost of living, the scarcity situation, but will rather call to our attention events war are causing rest- hhere and there of special interest ond significance. conditions arising out of the European workers. At a recent conference The Editors wish to state that such actions as ma lessness among the Dutch be recorded here from time to time do not necessaril of 36 labor organizations in Amsterdam it was decided to have our editorial endorsem: declare a general strike as a protest against the exportation, and the unequal distribution, of the necessaries of life. Argentina Tealy To the railroad strike, which has been in progress for Constantino Lazzari, National Secretary of the Socialist some time there, has recently been added a strike of en- Party and his assistant, Bombasci, were tried recently for gineers and stokers, which has paralyzed the entire coast anti-war propaganda and condemned to 35 and 28 months of and river shipping trade. imprisonment and the payment of fines of $750 and $400, A report of the recent elections to the Argentine parlia- respectively. Secretary Lazzari was especially accused of ment seems to indicate that the Socialists polled 60,000 votes, sending last year a circular letter to all the Socialist mayors, and increased their representation to 17 seats. The party has asking them to resign on a certain day as a protest against a splendid daily paper—Vanguardia, which is published in the continuation of the war, as well as to show to the people Buenos-Aires, and ten weeklies published in seven different that the Socialist officials were powerless to do anything to languages, relieve their sufferings, while the war lasted. The Socialist

deputy Bentine, who defended Lazzari and Bombasci, remarked to the Court in concluding his argument for the defense: “If you free them, you will give us joy; if you con- Porto Rico viet them, you will do us honor.” Secretary Lazzari, upon A strike of about 8,000 peons and mill workers has been receiving sentence, turned to the crowded courtroom and em in progress for the last three months on the sugar planta- shouted “Long live Socialism!” tions of the Fajordo district, where wages average fifty-five to seventy cents a day. Governor Arthur Yager has prohib- ited meetings or demonstrations of strikers. Santiago Russia Iglesias, veteran socialist and A. F. of L. organizer, and By far the most encouraging proof we have of the vitality member of the Territorial House of Delegates from the of the revolutionary proletariat was the cryptic message sent Workers Party, has beén trying to secure redress from the on March 14 by the All-Russian Soviet to the President of governor, but with no avail the United States in reply to his greetings “The All-Russian Congress of Soviets expresses its appreciation to the American people and frst of all the laboring and exploited classes in the United Spain States for the message sent by President Wilson to the Congress of Soviets, at this time when the ‘The recent parliamentary. elections, following the labor rurbances which have by no means altogether subsided, most Russian-Socialist difficult trials, Soviet republic is living through have brought victory to the Socialist and labor forces. From “The Russian republic uses the occasion of the message from President Wilson to express to all peoples incomplete reports it is known that the combined Socialist, who are dying and suffering from the horrors of this Republican and Reformist forces which apparently formed imperialistic war, its warm sympathy and firm con- a “bloc” and which were supported by the General Workers’ viction that the happy time is near when the laboring Union, have elected six deputies. Four of these, members masses in all bourgeois countries will throw off the capitalistic yoke and establish a Socialist state of of the General Committee which was in charge of the last

Society, which ig the only one capable of assuring strike, are serving a term of imprisonment at Cartagena. a permanent and just peace, as well as the culture and, ‘They are Besteiro from Madrid, Caballero from Barcelona, well-being of all who toil.”

£1 ET 10: i TT BT ETT

2 AND SOCIALIST NOTES

Ireland Germany Pursuant to a resolution adopted by the Irish Trade Union Proof is now at hand that demand for peace negotiations,

Congress, a Labor Party is now being formed, in which, it not dissatisfaction with food distribution, was at the bottom is reported, membership will be open not only to labor orga of the great strikes of January and The following zations, but also to individual members of trade unions. quotations from a leaflet distributed in Berlin during the Canada trike days shows the temper of the strikers: ‘When will peace come?” is the question asked and At its recent annual convention the British Columbia Federation of Labor voted to organize a Labor Party and the following answer is given: “It will come when engage in independent political activity. The convention Germany will be ready for it~and the time is coming Tt will come when the German people will also went on record denouncing industrial conscription, and e lessons of the war, when they. will learn as every nation will have to learn, that the voice of advocating the substitution of the industrial for the prev- Europe cannot be disregarded with impunity alent craft form of labor union, whe hotir of peace will strike when the Germans will no longer listen to those who brought about the

far. When they will treat the apostles of militarism United States and chauvinism with mockery and contempt. | Peace ‘The Socialist Party and the radical sections of the orga- will come when the Germans will say to their Kaiser: nized labor movement are anxiously awaiting the delegation You, whom we have followed and obeyed; you, to headed by Camille Huysmans, which the recent Inter-Allied whom we have offered ourselves}, you, who even dis-

Fegarded our ideals, our beliefs and our traditions— Conference voted to send to the United States. we have given up everything for you and what have Meanwhile, apparently to checkmate the visit of this dele- We received in return? Nothing but hunger, and gation consisting of Socialists, the A. F. of L. has sent a dele- cold, and nakedness; sickness and death; ruin and gation to Europe which, it is announced, will not confer with destruction Minority Socialists, in and out of the Reichstag, continue the Labor Party while in England, but with the General Federation of Trade Unions—an organization, which de- to discredit the German Government every time they have spite its title, is small and unimportant compared with the an opportunity. Deputy Hugo Haase, now leader of the forces united in the British Labor Party. Independent Socialists, recently made public a secret understanding between the German and Austrian governments France for the forcible annexation of the Baltic provinces. At a recent meeting of the National Socialist Council, it Dr. Cohn, Independent Socialist, condemned in the Reich- war credits, but a decided by a small majority to vote stag the Ukrainian treaty of peace, closing his speech, amid was threat was addressed to the Government to rescind this action applause from his colleagues and shouts of “traitor” from if passports are refused delegates to the proposed Interna- the other seats, with these words: “I see the day coming tional Conference. when the revolution will reach Germany and the people will ‘At the last annual convention of the Confederation of take the fate of their rulers into their own hands.” Labor, the resolution on war omitted reference to the Alsace- The Leipziger Volkszeitung, organ of the Independent Lorraine question, declared for the Russian peace formula, Socialists, carried this comment on the conclusion of peace ‘against an economic war after the war, for the freedom of with the Ukraine the seas, demanded a restatement by the government of war aims and urged an early international Socialist and labor conference. ing away ‘wrenching away even more of Alsace-Lorraine forcibly effected from than France, In this latter case the vanquished at least gave their consent, even Austria though with gnashing of teeth. Today the wrench- There has been a strong movement among the workers ing away of the Ukraine from federated Great Rus- by Austrian troops. of Russia sia is being effected against the decided protest of the against the invasion Russian Government, Any conclusions of peace that "The Socialists have attempted to hold meetings to demand bring the end of the world war nearer will be wel- thatithe government open peace negotiations with the United comed by the class-conscious German working-class, In this conclusion of peace, however, it rather sees States. an obstacle to an ending of the war than a further- ‘The minority Socialists have recently issued a manifesto ance of peace, an obstacle even to the conclusion of bitterly attacking the Austrian prototypes of Scheidemann, peace with Russia.” David and Ebert—Victor Adler, Renner, and Seitz—speaking of them as the tools of German and Austrian imperial- ‘Those who are watching the growth of revolutionary ists. “We cannot forgive their offenses and there can be no spirit among the German Socialists are looking forward to conciliation with them,” declares the mai May first. mney oA, EMU TH

From Washington

have been voting all my life for Russian-Jewish lawyers and The Irish Question Russian-Jewish dentists who never, by any chance, get elected LL my life long I have found it a pleasant thing to be an to anything, “Don’t join the Clan-na-Gael,” said my father. Irishman. It has cost me nothing—thus far—and it has “In the secret societies the ‘professional Irishman’ has it all dowered me with goods. Intangible goods. I wish I could his own way.” I have never joined an Irish society, secret or hold your attention long enough to tell you about them, for otherwise; there are hundreds of thousands like me. “Tell they seem curiously necessary to my argument. me," I said to the Sinn Fein lady on the street car (who was But I am afraid you won't like a Washington “political born and reared in New Hampshire and never saw Ireland letter” that has to go back to an American boy's discovery of until she was forty !) “do you think the Trish-Americans will his aunt's pleasant Limerick accent, to his realization that ever throw off the leadership of the time-serving politicians?” Trish bosoms were-deep and Irish laps were broad and com- “The Irish in America have been made over since the Easter fortable, to his discovery that the Irish adoration of child- uprising,” said the lady positively. “I find proof of that hood was something warmer and different from the Ameri- everywhere.” can system of sparing and spoiling. You won't like it if I detain you with, an account of my oration on “Home Rule I think she is right and that the present status of the for Ireland,” delivered on Ladies’ Night before the Royal Irish question in Washington politics tends to bear that out. Arcanum in our suburb when, at the age of fifteen, I di For example, there are now some ten resolutions in Con- covered—not merely that my views electrified the Irish gress on the Trish question. Almost every congressman who grocer, but that among my middle-western neighbors the has a big Irish vote in his district has introduced a resolu= Trish cause had won a curious prestige. Merely by being an tion embodying some pious expressions on that subject Irishman I had inherited a great and gallant tradition. It McLaughlin of Philadelphia and Morin of Pittsburgh have was mine; astounding fact, it was mine! Introduced such resolutions. So have Medill McCormick, ent Wilson, Senator Chamberlain and I all belong to. Thomas Gallagher and William E. Mason of Chicago; so the same college fraternity, a fact which amuses me hugely, has Ambrose Kennedy of Rhode Island, But the Irish so- for unless the fraternal tie bores them as much as it bores cieties all over the country are, as by common consent, ig- ‘me, we remain with practically nothing in common. Quite noting these familiar political offerings and are heartily otherwise was the electric summons I responded to the other endorsing a short and simple resolution, introduced. by day T was in a Washington street car, reading a copy 0 whom?—by the Hon. Jeannette Rankin of Montana. the Irish World, when a gray-haired woman crossed over, sat down beside me and in a clear voice that carried through the “She's got the point of view,” they say. uurthermore, car said abruptly “Rxcuse me, you are reading the Irish she’s on the square.” World,—are you a Sinn Feiner?” “Indeed, I am!” I ejac ‘The old clannishness is passing; this is the new clannish- lated, with the emphasis of a quiet man thorough! and i ness, Nothing could be simpler or shorter than Miss Ran- stantly aroused. kin’s resolution: Everybody turned around and stared. T remember Sena- “Resolved by the Senate and the House of Representatives tor Shafroth of Colorado in particular, He glared at me as of the United States of America in Congress assembled, that though he thought I ought to be put off. Being, after all, an this Government recognize the right of Ireland to political ‘American male, I remembered secretly wishing that the lady’ independence, and that we count Ireland among those coun- voice didn’t carry so clearly, and yet—and this is the point tries for whose freedom and democracy we are fighting.” Tam trying to make—and yet there were queer fumes in- That's all! But pick up any issue of the Congressional side of me, rising up and putting out my reason, making me Record and note the memorials and petitions bearing. on look around and wish fervently that somebody would “start House Joint Resolution 204. Dificult? Of course it is. something” so that the Irish lady and I could clean out the But to put it all down, as the New York Sun does, as “pro- car! German” is such damned nonsense as only a New York ‘Now please don't stop reading at this point! ‘If you knew newspaper can indulge in. The fact of the matter is that sme and my pacific habits you would realize that I am giving the Irish in America are utterly and absolutely through with you, in this, a political document of the very highest impor- the idea of dependence for Ireland. Every statement tance! Really, I am trying to tell you something for the which the president makes about the rights of small nation- good of the country, for the success of the war. I am trying alities, about self-determination, about “the voices of human- to tell you how it is that the Irish question exercises such a ity in the air,” are all applied patiently, definitely, by the spell even over generations that have never seen Ireland and Irish in America to the status of Ireland. Once the Trish know her history only at second-hand here would have been content with Home Rule. Unless 1 am away off in my estimates, they have set their hearts upon ‘When I was a boy some aspects of the Irish-American si f full ventilation of Ireland's ease at the peace conference, uation had a certain disrepute in my household. “Never vote land the erection, with international guarantees, of an Irish for a man just because he is an Irishman,” said my father, Republic. “there is far too much of that.” I took him at his word and T think that President Wilson realizes this better than May, 1918 many of his political advisers. He went out of his way to receive Mrs, Hanna Sheehy-Skeffington, the ablest represen- fative that Ireland has had here in my time, and the most Books radical. When a delegation of prominent Irishmen, headed by Senator Phelan of California, recently presented the A Yankee in the Trenches, by Corporal R. Derby President with a bust of Robert Emmet, the President Holmes. $1.35 net. Little, Brown & Co. listened rather grimly to a Sinn Fein speech from Phelan “Over the Top,” by An American Soldier Who that would have set the British embassy on fire! I don't Went, Arthur Guy Empey. Illustrated, $1.50 net. suggest he has been convinced that Ireland can ever become G. P. Putnam's Sons a Republic, I think it is quite unlikely that he has reached any such conclusion, But he seems—irom all I can learn— ‘HESE books have for me—as no doubt for many of the to have savored the new Irish sentiment better than any of readers of this magazine—a distinctly personal interest. his fieutenants—better than Chairman Flood, for example, ‘They are descriptions of what is presently going to happen of the House Committee on Foreign Affairs, who has stub- to me bornly refused a public hearing on the Irish resolutions. It is sufficiently strange to think of myself as a soldier. But the President will have to educate his lieutenants, and You see, I had always considered myself a detached person that right speedily. Of the numerous resolutions in Congress —an observer, a critic. I belonged to that class of whom on the Irish question, only one is by a Democrat. All the the poet might have written rest have been introduced by Republicans. And only the “Theirs not to do and die— other day Senator Gallinger of New Hampshire, the Republi- ‘Theirs but to question why; can floor leader in the Senate, softly called a page and sent ‘Theirs but to make reply!” up to the chair a resolution on “‘self-determination” for Ire- In fact, ever since this war began I have been busy ques- and which will never set the Thames on fire but which did tioning why; and I have not failed to make reply to most disturb Democratic composure. By the time this article of the rhetoric of belligereney emitted by the official rhap- reaches you, look for a squib in the paper announcing that sodists of militarism in all countries, until Mr. Burleson, who Chairman Flood has called a hearing on the Irish question. seemed to dislike such remarks, effectively discouraged them, And I don’t know why there shouldn't be. I don't know why and reduced me as it were to a thinking part. Even then T we should all be so well posted on the rights of Bohemia and did not complain of the obscurity or ingloriousness of my of Poland and so chary of justice to Ireland, a country that position. I was content to be a bystander. I felt, itis true, has never, never consented to the yoke. capable of telling the government what to do about Prussian This being an Irishman, as I remarked at the start, has nillitarism; but the idea of being sent in person to France always been a very pleasant matter and has never cost me to help do it, was beyond the scope of my modest imaginings. anything. To-day it is beginning to. ‘The metropolitan press Picture, then, my embarrassed surprise at being flung. abruptly into the thick of military events! I confess that it calls me and my kind “pro-German.” I disdain to reply still seems to me a fantastic notion, violating as it does all You don't argue with a New York newspaper; you read it my theories as to my inherent capacities. A member of that and throw it away and go along. There are thousands critical and detached class to which I have referred would of Irish men and women getting ready for the soap-boxes naturally develop to a high degree most of the unsoldierly fn the fall and, believe me, what they will have to say will qualities. As Kipling said about the ‘Eathen, he don’t obey carry conviction! no orders unless they is “is own; and he has, I regret to Cuartes T. Hatuivan. say, a similar constitutional incapacity for certain forms of Washington, D. C., April 3, 1918. order. In addition, he has the habit, when addressed upon any subject, of reflecting thoroughly upon it with meantime a complete temporary paralysis of his motor-feactions. In IN A FACTORY civil life this amiably comic trait leads generally to no worse than a reputation for absent-mindedness; but T hate to think TF you made your picture what a drill-sergeant would say about it! But I forbear to And I made my song, descant further upon my natural shortcomings, for I do not ‘Think you they would give us bread wish to discourage the government in its happy ambition of All the year long? making a soldier out of me. That plan, by its very boldness, commands my respect, and if it proves suecessfui will have my hearty applause. Perhaps there is some way, short of ‘The great wheels of the city justifiable homicide, for dealing with people like me: I Grind clothing and grind bread, trust so. And what if we offered But my feelings, as I think of becoming a soldier, are not Songs, pictures, instead? wholly of commiseration for the government: some of my feelings acutely concern myself, ‘There is a saying, “Old So, I'll make the petticoat, men for counsel, young men for war.” The fact is, I had You make the shoe— unconsciously considered myself too grown-up for the fri- ‘That’s what the world wants volities of battle. The discovery that Iam, in the eyes of (Of me and you. the government, one of those incredibly young persons who Annette Wynne. could be expected to enter with zest into the boyish pastime 40 THE LIBERATOR of slaughter, secretly pleases me. Beckoned thus (in the half dead with weariness, but not with any sense of strange- phraseology of a bye-gone generation) by the bright eyes of ness, in such an imagination... Danger, I feel rather as I imagine a very elderly gentleman ‘That, to my curious, adult, and as yet civilian and civilized ‘must feel when he realizes that the young harlot across the mind, is the final and inevitable horror of war—that one café is smiling at him. I feel young again. I throw off the ceases to realize its horror. When the author of one of heavy weight of thought that has chained and bowed my these books tells us that his friend beside him had his head spirit, Exultant in my new-found youthfulness, I look with blown off, and that he felt sorry, he is telling all there is for scorn upon the senile decrepitude of friends who. happen him to tell. What we find missing here is not so much the to be a few years or months or weeks older than myself, and gift of profound expression as the gift of profound feeling. hence beyond the age-limit. I am content to leave the task And yet it is fairly inevitable. Doubtless that was all he of thinking out the problems of the new age to. tottering had time to feel. Doubtless that is the ordinary limit of cap- greybeards like Walter Lippman. acity for feeling under such circumstances. At another time To be precise, I feel exactly twelve years. old. Ihave the same man is capable of noting the beauty of a field of gone back to the time when I enacted select battles from the poppies—and of arguing their beauty to another soldier Civil and the Spanish-American wars in my back yard; my whose simple agricultural experience makes him regard them father, a veteran of the one war, and my brother, just back ‘as mere ugly weeds! But the insensitiveness is pervasive. from the other all gnarled and twisted with rheumatism, be- The deepest emotion recorded in either book is thankfulness ing my tutors in these military enterprises. My psychology at getting a “blighty one,” a wound which will send one of that period was untainted by any of the critical inde- home—or disappointment when it turns out not to be quite pendence which has since infected my whole life. Indeed, so serious! Simple, raw, brief comments on landscape, T am inclined to think that for me to have become as good a pleasure, pain, indicate the emotional range generally pos- soldier as the government would wish, it would have been sible under such conditions, and the frame of mind best desirable to interrupt certain of the processes of my mental fitted to cope with them. It is interesting to reflect that the development at that stage. I am encouraged in this hypo- sort of man who would have been most likely to yolunteer thesis by finding so many of the virtues which I remember on a journey into Hell would not have been Dante; he would, possessing at that age, in the authors of these two war books. have been a boy who, on his return, would have dictated just ‘They are less romantic about war than I was; but that such a dry, mildly humorous, slightly dall record of this ex- discrepancy is, I feel, sufficiently explained by the fact that periences as we have before us in these two books. And, I they wrote these books after they had been in the war and have no doubt, full of helpful advice to others. These two found out what it is like. But the impulse which led them historians of our modern hell have succeeded in imprinting into it is the impulse which led me to play war-games, They indelibly upon my memory, as the deepest lesson of their ex: did not go for any of the complicated intellectual reasons perience, the name of a certain brand of insect-powder, the which the newspapers address to our presumably mature in- fone and only kind which will not actually stimulate the telligences; they went for the fun of it. I can quite under- appetite of the ubiquitous and hungry louse. For this much stand that. I was that way at twelve; and—shall T emulate thanks ! their candor and confess it?—I feel the same boyish in- Tt was the boast of Pericles, in his famous Funeral Ora pulses stirring in me now. tion, that Athenians could fight no less well while main- How else could I read these books and not be—shall I taining as the prime things of life their love of beauty. and say, annoyed—at the prospect? For I take it that respect wisdom, One cannot help wishing that this were quite liter- for personality, and the perception of the infinitely rich ally true of America in her war. But I fear that at best values of life, are among the products of a mature intelli- some division of labor is necessary. ‘The fighters will have gence: and who that has an adult imagination and adult to confine themselves pretty exclusively to the business sympathies could fail to be annoyed at the idea—to leave immediately in hand. The golden-hearted young painters out of question one’s own personal fate—of sticking a ba; and poets whom I see preparing to leave for France will have net into the bowels of an unknown German youth? It will seant time to dream their dreams over there. But they can hardly suffice, at the critical moment, to reflect upon all the take such comfort as they may in the thought that, back at excellent reasons which may exist (for I am among those home, Beauty will be looked after by; let us say, the New who sincerely think such reasons do exist) for so horrible a York’ Times’ Literary Supplement, and Truth upheld by necessity. The exigencies of the case require a boyish insen- Nicholas Murray Butler: sitiveness, It is perhaps possible for some delicate and subtle FD. minds to steel themselves against the terribleness of war, and to endure their situation with apparent serenity. But such na. Greenwich Village tures must be rare. For practical purposes, such delicacy Greenwich Village, by Anna Alice Chapin. $2.50 and subtlety of mind, however cherished in the more humane intervals of the game of war, must yield to a more primitive net. Dodd, Mead & Co. and callous’stuff. Armies are made of boys and of men with GO fast does time fiy, and so quickly do times change, that the boy mind. I who was but yesterday, as it seems, the youngest new- When, as my more accustomed adult self, I read again in comer to our Village, am now among ‘its elders, a patriarch these books the familiar tale of mud and blood and “coo- among the flock of lambs who frisk joyously in the sunlight ties,” and try to project myself into such a future, the pic- of their newly attained Village freedom. Oh, I have no ture is fantastic and incredible. I do not fit in such a pic- doubt that there are still in existence austere relics of the ture. But there is in me a ridiculous child, my father’s son, antediluvian period before I came, ancient ones who look who moves, half stunned with noise, half sick with fez upon me, if they look at all, as a late intruder—who are as

May, 1918 a scornful of my claims to Village citizenship as I am of the sttade him he need not hope to find here the materialization pretensions of the latest generation. Nevertheless, if I am of his pitiful erotic day-dream. But neither am 1 precisely not among the aborigines, I am at least of those who came tolerant toward the female Uptowner, whose expectations over, so to speak, in the Mayflower. I was among those of the Village, if less obtrusively offensive, are scarcely less present at the opening of the original (and how different!) annoying. She hopes to be shocked. One can imagine her Polly's restaurant on Macdougal street. I helped get up the “buying Miss Chapin's book on Greenwich Village and turn- first Village dance ever given at Webster hall. I was a Vile ing its pages in the vague expectation of being scandalized. lager, that is to say, in the time before the invasion of the She will be disappointed. For once I am grateful to the barbarians from Uptown, before Pepe raised the rents—the puritanism of the American publisher! I can see no good Golden Age. reason why her curiosity should be satisfied at the expense Tn those old, forgotten, far-off days, the Village was of my neighbors. truly a village. Artists and writers lived there because the In fact—I had intended to, take advantage of this occasion rents were low, and one could get a floor of great rooms to relate some reminiscences of the old, the true Village, with high ceilings and tall deep-embrasured windows (gi which glow pleasantly in my memory. But now it occurs to ing a true north-light) for I dare not say how little mone} me—though under other circumstances the fact would be because the tangle of crooked little streets shut out the tide irrelevant—that these reminiscences are, as it were, im- of trafic, and left a quiet island where the houses were as proper. And—who knows, this magazine might fall into the it seemed they had always been, where the pace of life hands of just such a person, eager to be shocked. I'm blessed slowed down a bit and left time for dreams and friendship if I will give her that satisfaction! But I will tell her one and art and love. There were two or three restaurants thing, lest finally, in the desperation of her curiosity, and where the cuisine was good and the prices modest, and where ‘one knew everyone else. Because sotial life was so casual aiter many qualms (and despite the grave dissuasion of all and easy, it was possible to spend most of one’s time work- her male relatives), she should decide rashly to come and ing. And the play was the play of artists, simple and in- live here in one of those thousand-dollar a year garrets, ‘genuous; the talk was golden, and the loves were frank and so as to see Village life for herself: I will teli her that the candid, first rule (for Villagers have their strict conventions) —the Buf, alas! some rumor of this peace being spread among first rule of life for a woman in Greenwich Village, if she the barbarians to the north, they descended upon the place, does not wish to be shut out utterly from its graces, is that ‘They were as a plague of locusts, that left not one green she must work and earn her own living; just as the first rule thing. ‘They destroyed the place utterly. The Greenwich for a man in the Village is that he must be interesting. Village that was, is no more. Let me recount the tragic de- FD. tails of its debacle. In the first place (doubtless the whole thing was a plot of the real-estate agents), the rents were raised. Fabulous prices were charged for anything with a roof over it, so that only a few holes and corners, desper- On Reading the Poems of Edna ately clung to, were left to the original inhabitants. Then, as the invaders came to stare, the Villagers fled from one St. Vincent Millay” restaurant to another, leaving each new one in rage and despair as it was discovered by the enemy. ‘Then the show- nite This setae sonnet sa may syropatetle be explained daquisition after the on Petrarchian the tubject of manner, Youth, as which, follows: as with imbecile names, began to be opened—“pictur- ie'Gut‘too well aoway seeke after the imposable.” The seste ie an, efor places, Nicaea ‘hum’ om ulessame the Sonnet subjest thus from has the the meri standpoint 90 mush of prized sober" by and the experienced fudiefous, esque” (i. e., insanitary) places where the Uptowners pa two dollars for a bad sandwich and a thimbleful of coffee, 1 presenting bots ndes of the subject} and look at each other and think they are seeing life, Ah! how many honest bootblack stands and coal-holes have been HILD of the lightning, alien to our dust, displaced to make room for these new Coney Island side- We seek you in the tempest: you are there, shows! A new one yawns at one’s feet every day. Thither, Drenched with the storm of beauty, gust on gust ER allured by the hope of finding something truly bohemian Of poignant sweetness only you can bear. (i.e, naughty), the sad Uptowner repairs, bringing his vul- Startled, you vanish in the darkness, fleeing garity, his bad manners, and his money. And as in a looking ‘The too-close human handclasp; you are fain glass he sees himself, for that is all there is to see. The Of the caresses native fo your being— the Christian sect RR Village is not there. It still exists, as Strange joys that wound intolerably with pain. existed in the Catacombs during the darkest days of the Roman persecuition. But his search for it is in vain, Let him will But all in vain your hands to touch the sky go back to One-Hundred-and-Eighty-Sixth street. He Reach up; in vain your bosom to the thunders SS never find it. Bared—there is oniy you and mayhap I It will be perceived that my attitude toward the Uptowner somewhat unsympathetic. It is most of all uncordial to And the old, commonplace, authentic wonders is the male Uptowner, whose inclination is to regard any Of food and fire and bed. There’s no use trying. woman he meets in the Village as an indefinite kind of So back you come, and yet—Why, you are crying! prostitute; his naive concupiscence betrays itself too crudely F.D. in his speech and manner for me to be at all tolerant of his ETE “tRenascence end Other Poems, by Edna St. Vincent Mila. $50 met existence. If I had the patience I would endeavor to per- Mitchell Renserley

2 THE LIBERATOR ‘That intention was first officially intimated in President That Far-off Divine Event Wilson's “Peace Note” of December 18, 1916, in which he suggested the necessity of a League of Nations to guarantee Approaches to the Great Settlement, by Emily and maintain a just peace. In his Senate Address that in- Greene Balch. Introduction by Norman Angi tention was formulated in historically memorable terms, and Bibliography, map and illustrations. $1.50 net. the United States formally committed to the task of Published for the American Union Against Mili- ing it into effect. Prophetic words, these, in a world tarism by B. W. Huebsch. desert of militarism—or so they seemed. But the overthrow T the present moment the subject of peace may appear to Czarism and the repudiation by the new Russia of im- have only ani academic interest; yet for us who are not of perialistic plans brought new pressure upon the governments on the firing line, and whose anxieties are after all as legiti- concerned, which produced at least formal official mately concerned with the ultimate objects of the war as of the democratic formula. And meantime the Us swith its immediate fortunes, this is as proper a time as any had entered the war upon explicitly democratic terms. It to consider where we now stand with respect to that final is interesting to note, from this distance, that the radical settlement. Recent events in Russia have immensely com- effort in America, which under pressure ot political eireum- plicated the situation, and the nature of the peace ultimately stances took the form of opposition to the entrance of this to be achieved may seem to be more questionable than at any country into the war, was one of the prime factors in in- time in the past. But a historical survey, such as is afforded suring the non-imperialistic character of American war- by this book, of the diplomatic aspects of the war, reduces the the historian of the future looking down the long problem to simpler and more encouraging terms. | Miss Balch polity’

perspective of events, will find it difficult to understand just has performed a task at once extremely difficult and highly ‘what President Wilson and Senator La Follette were at odds useful; she has presented and analyzed’ the whole official bout, since both of them, as he will find, said the same and unofficial statement and discussion of war-aims, by the kind of peace things, in almost the same words, about statesmen, by legislative bodies, by labor and socialist groups, America desired. (Balch, p. 98, and footnote page 99) and by significant organs of public opinion, from the beginning of the war down to a recent period; and together Such an historian will discover moreover the substance of President Wilson's Senate Address as well as of the Russian with this, which is given in the most succinct way so as to be peace-formula, in hundreds of Socialist documents of prior readily available even for hasty examination, there is pre- date, some of which are printed in this book. sented for our more extended consideration a valuable col- Ftovn Deut lection of interesting and important documents, including many labor and socialist formulations of war-aims and peace terms. The student will find here, also, an extensive bibliography of books, articles and pamphlets bearing on the The Newest Weapon problems of peace; and there is an introduction by Norman The Air-Line to Liberty: A Prospectus for All ‘Angell which no one who wishes “to help and not hinder the Nations, by Gerald Stanley Lee. $1.25 cents net great international effort to destroy German militarism” can afford to neglect. Mitchell Kennerley, Many significant aspects of the present situation are “THIS book is devoted to the exposition and exploitation thrown clearly into relief by this survey. Especially this— of three things—an idea, an illusion, and a personality, that the democratic forces in the Allied nations have achieved the personality is that of Gerald Stanley Lee; and the less remarkable and unprecedented results in their efforts to said about that, by one so temperamentally unsympathetic shape the diplomatic policy of the Allied governments. It is as the present reviewer, the better. And since there are in some quarters regarded as treason to recognize the “ex- some millions of Americans who do not mind being addressed in the tone of voice habitual to Mr. Lee, let it pass. The istence of imperialistic forces of a kind most menacing to illusion which this book fosters is of more consequence. The the future of civilization, in any country but Germany. In American businessman and salesman is all too ready to be- these quarters it would doubtless be considered criminal lieve himself the most wonderful creature that eyer walked bad taste to allude to the secret treaties engineered by these upon God's green earth. Hundreds of magazines/flatter him, imperialistic forces. It may, however, be stated without fear Of offense that in general there are in most nations cynical tickle him, butter him to the ears with praise, month after and reactionary forces which hasten to take advantage of month, until he fairly oozes with fatuous self-conceit. He the opportunity afforded by war to bargain among them- is quite prepared to believe that if he were running this selves with shameless rapacity for territorial spoils. Such war of real busines lines, it would feally be a go. Mr. forces would use the generous democratic enthusiasms of Lee encourages him in this infantile vanity by page after their peoples merely asa fortunate cloak for their own sinister page of rhetorical adulation of his virtues, until it com- mences to sound like an address by the president of a busi- designs. But what we have to observe in the case of the ness college to its departing pupils. Doubtless Mr. Lee’s Allied nations, is the spectacle of these democratic enthusi asms growing from what might at first have appeared to an idea will gain more attention and respect when it comes ‘observer as mere ironic illusions into powerful political with all these bowings and rubbing of palms and kissings realities. The desire to free the world from the terror of of the earth before the feet of the American business-world: militarism, which might at one time have seemed merely a but in so far as it tends to make its readers snug in their happy catch-phrase, has been organized into a definite in- grandiose self-delusions, its influence is to be deplored. But it does contain an idea, and a good one—good at least tention, and one which more and more controls the actual zonduct of the war. when stripped of the sentimental trimmings with which it

May, 1918 4B is most lavishly adorned. Briefly, itis the idea that Germans persuade us daily that we need a biscuit, to get busy on the will not fight so loyally for German imperialism if they can job of alienating the affections of the German people from be reached with the real truth about the war—with advei their war-lord, well and good; but it is a job about which tisements of the Allied cause, as Mr. Lee would put it, or, they still have something to learn, and the sooner they get in Jess sentimental phraseology, with Allied propaganda. over their commercial cockiness, the better will they learn it. When uch money Mr. Creel was asked the. other day how FD. ception of what he wanted his Publicity a year to carry out his con- in this and other countries, he Committee said twenty-five should male do, Hons would do,” For such a World ‘Depariment as The College Muse

have in mind, if it were properly backed by. the The Poets of the Future. A College Anthology People, different the scale President of expenditure would have to plan for avery for 1916-1917. Edited by Henry T. Schnittkind, “T would want ten dollars apiece a Ph.D. Stratford Company, Boston. inhabitant of America, to mobilize the year vision from and every will HME! Pan is dead. And it’s hard to know from this of the people. Mr. Creel wants twenty-five all the President cents anthology whether the collector of the poems killed him apiece. feels warranted “Tweniy-five in cents apiece is ‘or whether our college education. I must say I doubt the having taken from the pockets of ability of anyone to detect pure song who says in a preface the people, for vision, for mobilizing and throwing upon the fate of the world and the massing prayers that he has picked the poems “which have most forcibly wills of the people, brought home to me the truth that we continually meet God Mo not believe that this will be true very pointed long. face to face’—and, to gild the lily, puts a glorified star of 1 believe that the moment the people have out 10 them WwhatAmerica could do at just this Bethlehem on the cover board. juncture toward winning the war and ending all war, I hope it is the fault of the anthologist. I should hate With 4 billion dollars worth of listening in Germany, to believe that our American undergraduates are these gen- the listening President as he will alone feel in backed the world up could in taking—for arfange for— such teel imitators who take a decorous delight in nature, have a all the money he wants,” mild pity for the lowly, and trust in an amiable God—and ‘The idea of spending money on ideas is certainly one to express these sentiments in bad Stevensonian, Elizabethan, be applauded. and Kiplingish meters. Mr. Lee, however, is apparently unaware that the Ger- ‘They so modestly avoid singing of themselves. There's mans have preceded the Allies in the use of propaganda as scareely a trace of revolt, never the flavor of passion. Pos- a military weapon, which he regards as still untried and as sibly the war offers them their best subject. They did seem peculiarly American. But in Italy and in Russia and even to feel that. But one mustn't despair too much. These aren't the poets of the future. Edna St. Vincent Millay was in France it has been used with convincing effect by the writing at Vassar last year and there’s no verse of hers in Germans. It was used in return by the Bolsheviki upon the the book. No verse from Vassar whatsoever! Perhaps the

German army during the Brest-Litovsk conferences with such results as to constitute a menace recognized as ex- girls hadn’t the fear of God sufficiently. And there’s no tremely dangerous by the German command. It is, indeed verse of Morris Gilbert, who was writing at Union College all that Mr. Lee says of it as a military factor; and it is true last year. Maybe these two scorned the literature of the that the Allies have not yet waked up to its value. It may campus and wrote for the outside world. Even “Morrie,” I be, as Mr. Lee hopes, the great contribution of America to suppose, sent his best stuff to F. P. A. At any rate I begin winning the war against Germany. Its use even now would to believe that what someone said is right—all the unknown be instrumental in gaining the confidence of the Russian poets can be found in Who's Who. people in the fairness of American intentions, and might Rurm Prcxerinc. very well be the decisive influence in keeping Russia in the war—supposing that to be in all respects a practicable A Preface to—

desideratum. But it is unfortunately easier to point out examples.of German than of Allied enterprise in this matter A Book of Prefaces, by H. L. Mencken (Opus 13). astute Imperial Government has within the last few Publishd by Alfred A. Knopf. $1.50 net. The s with no little trepidation that I undertake to furnish a weeks turned to immense account an article published by the dear, innocent old New York Times, in which it was pro- fatory note to H. L. Mencken's latest offense; an out- neutrality in case of war with one rage upon the soft susceptibilities and the softer skins of our posed to violate Mexican of our present allies. ‘The publicity department of the Ger: professional lovers of (dead) American literature. This man Empire did not fail to point out the analogy to their fresh attack upon the professional venerators of the past, the genial as- those who recline so gracefully in the bosom of let us say violation of Belgian neutrality; and, on own William Dean Howells, this assault on the literary necro- sumption that the Times represents American public opinion, and that it is the same thing for one anonymous journalist philes who regard a living native author with a mixture of to write about such a crime as for a government to commit fear and ferocity that Dr. Freud would delight in—this at- acquiesce in it, the German commentators are tack, as I started to say, is fraught with grave danger to and a nation to the blonde and bellicose Baltimorean, Having dared.to chal= able in the same breath to denounce us for our horrid treachery and to exculpate themselves from blame, Be sure lenge the inhibiting Comstockery of our broad (in area) no German will fail to hear of our hypothetical wickedness, country, and having had the even greater temerity to cham- and score one to the Times for so much strengthening of pion a person like Theodore Dreiser (who, along with Har- the German morale. If to offset these feats Mr. Lee can dy, Forel, Havelock Ellis and the wildly revolutionary arouse those geniuses who made the dollar famous, and who George di Maurier, has been righteously blacklisted by the

44 ADVERTISING SECTION THE LIBERATOR Society for the Suppréssion of Vice). Me. Mencken wil come tea swift sud vanguinary Contemporary end, He will jurisprudence, if 1 understand be indicted the nature ‘under of tharge the Food of giving Conservation. aid and Bil,” comfort tried to Wis “on pub: the fishers, tinder’ the seaionced Defense to of seven the years Realm hard. Act, labor and Of ipnched the editorial by an exasperated. rooms of the citizenry N.Y. in Tribune front eleven crits. who. have ‘been wounded by KL Of His them seaip has on already purely ited patriotic a few grounds,” of his back One fairs in a rear attack—an effort to dispose and of Mencken's immoral Puritanisoa incisive study by the of out brilliant mawkish implica~ SHORTHAND tion that by Mencken a delegation was employed sent over to, fgom write Wil te Felmstrasse" volume One of Professor Sherman's Learn in 5 Tore pend, thie tO 8 Write ost damaging proofs of Mencken's eriminal- together, ant you hereNo Be ity is his (Sherman's) discovery of the fact Evenings ene two taeMencken public admits he cares. more and for the music of Haydn, suspiciously Brahms, Strauss Teutonic) ‘Then Acquire Speed Rapidly Rhoeaberg for the inspiring (eames, and autocthonous strains pty write) end with these tro e2ey ian Neving Henry, Hadley and you hare Gf Carri eelbert Jacobs Bond’ But posibly the most Try This 000 esc your omen poncit, YOU can learn the les- |nsverente.xhen writteh sn long hans, -F ‘son (at the right) with Slannvoter, Kultur, SBlavenmoral, Biertiche, Jn 6 minutes, you should sete in Mencken's poisonous. papers. learn the principles Sof Ke L tenn spare ere time—after RES las which OCA ae- 1 | s,-ssay at, A tap you one nave loorged Ppa four © To quire ‘This speed is the rapidly. perfected, Se |i tne ster Seatt siens end eereaOe eney &= QUICK AND EASY METH. rections you can leern to tsttcete fw fast it Wy possible to [ST*"L rts trertitn of tho tinmtter write by K. 1. Shorthand, oe ‘Azlrep ised terete whole ask somebody verthement to read epi thi ae ‘toto #25 weekly. jy within a few minutes by your watch. us you'll realize the speed ‘Hindrances with which of old you systems should write eliminated; after no pletsant shading; practice, bo bother about positions on, or ovet years, or under ‘Hence ruled K, linesand 1. Shorthand you can is valuable read your for own private notes notes, readily messages, after months ete You May Send ONLY $1 Now! K. I, Shorthand can be learned so quickly and easily that it is like a pastime. SCORE OF DIFFERENT USES. Use it for taking dictation, telephone messages, A notes, sermons, lectures, speeches, conferences, lessons, evidence. For making rapid hhotations while working problems, confidenti ormemoranda, ete. Let KGL. Shorthand prepare you to wall: with Opportunity through the Door to Success! We give you'a complete correspondence, course, Yelatively worth fifty dollars, for only $5.."One tenth the usual cost, ten times easier to learn. You'll be surprised ‘We guarantee and delighted you can learn with or K. Zour I. money Shorthand. refunded: ne mon Ebola pec taiize of Horthand your ie wilaa to span enrain

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46 ADVERTISING SECTION THE LIBERATOR LIBERATOR BOOK SHOP War and Peace New Books ‘These pages will be a guide to cur- Old Worlds for New, by Arthur J. Penty. rent literature—a guide that can be Approaches to the Great Settlement, by [Sunwise Turn, N.Y. $i.60 net Every book recommended ‘Emily Greene Balch. ‘The old world which the author offers us trusted. $1.50 net, [Huebsch]. is the world of living arts and crafts which here has the personal approval of one See review in this issue capitalism has destroyed. A criticism of or more of the editors of this mag- modern industtialism and an outline of ngland’s Debt to India, by Lajpat Rai. Guild Socialism. {All books listed are on sale by the mae $2 net.” [Huebsch]. Philosophy and the Social Problem, by Liberator, and we will be glad to get mee ‘An. analysis and ‘arraigament of the Will Durant, Ph.D. ‘you any book you want, old or new. British fiscal policy in India. ‘Send orders to A [Macmillan fascinating and Co.) profitable little volume which we have been intending to review LIBERATOR BOOK SHOP, Politeal Ideals, by Bertrand Russel, following Te ought particularly to be read by those ‘34 Union Square, New York. ontGetich of the new society, forth ia, Why who ha cotten, if they ever knew, the the reconsteycive Attention ideals set is also, called to ultimate intention of philosophic inquiry Mew Men Russel’s Fight" “Justice in War-Time” Tt Under Fire, by Henri Barbusse. Hinese ideas and. the personal force bes ‘The Irish Issue in its American Aspect, by ‘The soul of all the armies of France finds ind them which have made Bertrand Rus: a great and terrible voice in this, book. Ta today one of the leaders of the militant tread this, but the $1.25 table net, of [Dutton] $1.50 net. ‘working-class in England onvineing—"The Bthies icentaey). $1 net. Killing of Kettle,” ete, The Rise of David Levin, by Abreham and World-Peace, by Leon ‘Phe Bolsheviki [Boni]. $1.50 net. ‘The Record of a Quaker Conscience: Cyrus Stark “Convincing realism—a groping ‘Trotzky. Pringle's Diary. Edited by R. M. Jones, youn Jewish idealfst becomes an American [Macmillan]. 60 cents net Bisiness Man. [Harpers]. $1.00 net ‘An Inquiry Into the Nature of Peace, by ‘To be reviewed next month, The story ‘Thorstein Veblen. juable book, by one ‘of a Conscientious Objector in the Civil of A. the tremendously foremost ikers in America—the War. Plays and The Theatre author of “The Theory of the Leisure Mysticism and Logic, and Other Essays, by « ranny Maumee; The Rider of Dreams; Class.” [Macmillan]. $2 net, Bertrand Russell, M.A., F.RS,, late Fel- Simon the Cyrenian: P low of Trinity College, y Ridgely T [Longman's]. Militarism, by Karl Liebknecht. Ten collected ¢ssa ice's three plays make ul A voice from the uncorrupted and une ence in a Liberal, Education,” doubtedly the most important American compromising heart of the German revoluz Man's Worship,” “The Study contribution to drama for many a long tionary working-class movement. _ Sups matics,” “Mathematics and the Metaphysi- year."—Chicago Post pressed by the Kaiser. [Huebsch]. $1 net. cians," “On Scientific Method in Philoso- phy," ete, ‘The Art Theatre, by Sheldon Cheney. ‘The Doctor in War, by Dr. Woods Hutch- ‘An analysis of the “little theatre” Miscellaneous ment—with pictures, [Knopf] ‘The American Labor Year Book, 1917-18. Dr. [Houghton Woods Hutchinson Mifflin). common $2 net. Edited. by Alexander Trachtenberg. sense, knowledge, and a style which make ‘Suppressed Desires, by George Cram Cook Cloth $1.25 net; paper covers, 60 cents it pleasant to learn from him. He is just ‘and Susan Glaspell net, [Rand School of Social Science, returned from ten months abroad, where he A“Freudian comedy of marriage. One New York], has—it is not dificult to. believe—seen does not need to be @ Freudian to see the A work of the greatest value and the everything. umor—in fact the laugh is on Freud this keenest interest time! 35 cents net. Martial Adventures of Henry and Me, ‘The ‘by William Allen White. ‘The Sexual Crisis, by Grete Meisel-Hess [Macmillan], $1.50 net Trifles, by Susan Glaspell. sonnet. (Critic and Guide, New York). An account, much more Ronest than ustal, A poignant little drama of American farm nist A Valuable ‘on the book paychology by a wise of and the sane situation fem of war as seen. It “gets by,” doubtless be- life 35 cents net. Which has arisen under the influence of cause it is a humorous narrative in the Mark Twain tradition Niu, by Ossip Dymow. modern ideas. and modern economic condi= ‘ne of the oddest and most convincing tons. An illuminating. commentary on examples of the new experimental drama, contemporary love, marriage and, fami Fiction A tragedy of every-day Russian life, relationships, and a discussion of future Where Bonds Are Loosed, by E. L. Grant $i net, prospects. ‘Watson. $1.50 net. [Knopf]. A remarkable novel, and a splendid start ‘The Angel Intrudes, by Floyd Dell, A Shore History of England, hy 6. K. for the year’s fiction. See notice in book ygton Square Book Shop]. Chesterton. [Lane] - $1 review section of this issue. tw 25 cents net. what: Written they for have’ werkingnien, fost’ and’ must to show regain them ‘The Wife and Other Stories, by Anton land, liberty and happiness [Macmillan]. $1.50 net. Chekhov. New Poetry the Dog and Other Stories, The Psychology of Insanity, by Bernard ‘Phe by Lady Anton With Chekhov. From the Russian ‘The Chinese Nightingale, by Vachel Lind- Hart. [Putnam]. 0 cents net, by. Constance Garnett. [Macmillan]. say. [Macmillan $1.25 net, The clearest explanation yet written of $1.50 net. ag the psycho-analytic theory of thinking. ‘The Party and_ Other Stories, by Anton Renascence and Other Poems, by Edna Chektiov. From the Russian by Con- ‘St, Vincent Millay. [Kennerley]. $1.50 ‘The Backwash of War, by Ellen N. La stance Garnett. [Macmillan]. $1.50 Motte. net. See book review pages. A masterpiece, [Putnam] SI net. May, 1918 ADVERTISING SECTION a7

(Continued from page 45) swiftly to its close. Nurse Desmond falls in fove with the doctor. In the calm which fol- But lows his a work devastating reclaims hurricane him she soon seduces and him. she fs herself at him again and again to no to avail, Sherwin’s To rid island, himself but of her she he shamelessly: tries to escape puts Hone time |

sues, ‘Then Sherwin wants her-cand this primitive force of Sherwin's lust at length sands Fouses they the doctor chase cach to fight. other. Over Sherwin the desert with Ked like you’ the ower aid of of his his will, black wins. slave, With and blood the upon greater him e returns to Nurse Desmond, forgetful now ‘The PHYSICAL PRE- of his passion, thinking only ‘that she is the PAREDNESS COURSE one witness against him for his c points the way simply and fe. But the woman, ‘by mysterious wile, turns the clearly to those who want to murderer of het former lover Yrom a prospec: be “physically fit” tive murderer of herself into a second lover This Course consists of ‘And so this woman and this man remain as four cloth-bound books with the only two whites to survive suffering. and a total number of 1,000 isolation. As Adam and Bye they are mated ages, dealing with every and ate leit content in the hot wilderness subject appertaining to cui- at the end of the book. ture of the body. ‘There are ‘There is a restraint and lucidity in the tell- twelve Lessons, with repro- But fing which the characters keeps the are tale s0 from very being’ objective too lurid, that dductions from’ phot sometimes. they become mere automatons fxercses that are a the rapidity of events. ‘And in this fact, is Apollo, at one ‘There are. twelve Lectures the wealmess of the book. For I found that given by some of the world’s time my figure re though with intensity, for three nothing hours T lived sucked on in in my the memory story sembled yours. T was an fost prominent physical cult fore experts» The ‘Course Except the Vision of Sherwin, when, on a athlete. "The boys all SS 'complete in every dea walle over the island, he sees a sheep ona admired me. Ie wl guikly supply you edge of rock over the sea, a destined victim ‘And the girls, too, for wit the tportant hnfornar either to the beating waves below, of to. the that matter. ton necessary to strengthen Inungry eagle watching him above.’ That per- “Twas the hero of many athletic meets. I hhaps 16 the allegorical import of the book. your body throughout its every part. ei Nature is indifferent to living and dying. and could wrestle rin like and the box. wind, was and a T man could supreme jump Te wll make you fed like squaring your jlfers te will stifen in those days. Where I got my strength, I beghte Your ee, inereate your: pour backbone deer RP. never knew. I was raised on a farm, and I Ajo, suse in giving Your mind thestemas suppose hard work developed my muscles. of energy and enthgtasm. It -wil help 19

“Anyway, as a young man I was like a make you alive and potest factor in tes From Vachel Lindsay fiery, untamed steed, strong, resourceful, reat bate determined, enthusiastic. No man“or woman who desires to, im- N OPEN LETTER TO MR. FLOYD “T_ went into the business world with an prove, advance suoceed shoul be without DELL indomitable determination to succeed, 10 {his Course ie will raise you out of the First let me congratulate the Masses-Liber- achieve. mire of physic Wealess and mental tn ator for at last catching sight of Woodrow “And I did succeed. At thirty T was in certainty It wil and you squarely on your Wilson. I hope it does not sound boastful 2 FAIl position these of years great [had responsibility been too ambitious, fect, Tewil introduce jou to-our Real Sel fo say T voted for Wilson and have never too much impressed with the importance of just resourceful at you capable, ought fo be with wien al your You are powers strong of regretted it. succeeding, to assume the responsibilities of mind and “body fllyand. completly de yas, (0 matics of literary chronicle, Mr marriage. I'had turned aside from many veloped feats gave the prize money to Mr. Ezra feminine friends who would no doubt have Tf sou possess one 0 1 of patriotism, Pound. made admirable wives. As to matters of debt I am greatly indebted “But at thirty I met my match. She was strengthenygnr body in every pare To make to you for this very kind review, and for beautiful, clever beyond all description—too youreet "Py @ wartime duty. muuch early encouragement in the columns of clever for me, for she deceived me, played expense We want and fo at send our fe you this Course without the Chicago Evening Post when I was fighting with me. T married her, but it was the be Springfield and the Universe. As for actual ginning of my downfall. ote our great offer in attached coupon, ® suggestions as to style in shouting, etc, long “Soon thereafter it began to be ‘wine, Send your order today ‘ago Miss Zoe Akins accused me of a” thing women and song.” Due sere in the St. Louis Mirror. She accused me of “I knew nothing of my body. Thavenever imitating William Rose Benét’s “Merchants given the slightest attention to physical Puysicat. Cuurune Pumisuine Co, ‘of Cathay.” I hope she was-right. ‘That poem building, to the rules of health. My mind FLatitow’ BUILDING, ‘was shouting written down musically. I quote became unsettled. I lost my quickness and New Yori Cir. that poem whenever I have a decent chance. Keenness. Gentlemen —Please send me without ob- Mr. Clement Wood has been accused in print ‘And now—well, what's the use? _T am ligation to myself copy of your Course in ‘by our good friend Louis Untermeyer of imi- now forty-five, and a nondescript has-been.” 4s given in the Phys. fating this same style on occasion. If there The story of this old-time athlete is re- ee to return the 4s anything in this, let it all go back to that peated with some variations in the life of Course after five days’ examination, if itis contagious poem by Benét. Very sincerely, theaverage strong man, He starts with great atisfgctory,. If it i satisfactory Iv vitality, and he does not know how to retain "y you $11.00 in cash, oF $1.00 down and Mrioate signature this vitality, nor recognize the need for such $00 2 month until $1200 is paid, the price neta cnouas. acta LINDSAY knowledge. He makes mistakes that drag to include a vearly subseription to PHYS- (Book signature) Vacuen Lrxpsay down to the lowest depths of physical ICAL CULTURE and also THE LIBER- fe. He gets to the place where his spirit ATOR Springfield, 1M. is crushed, his enthusiasm gone. The fire in {t would appear that my habitual inaceu- his soul goes out, and thereafter he is Facy in matters of mere fact has betrayed me. mere automaton, breathing, eating, sleeping Tam as surprised as grieved to learn that, it “Zamere husk of a man, Address ‘Was not Mr. Lindsay who received that prize ‘from Mr, Yeats; though my point, such as it (Continued on page 50)

48 ADVERTISING SECTION THE LIBERATOR

A Suggestion to Congress WE were sitting in the smoking compartment of a. Pall- “That's just what Gerould of The Bellman, William Marion man, hitched to a broken down, coughy engine that was ing?’ Reedy, f answered. ‘and Mencken “Cliford and Kerfoot Smyth and of the all the New erties York are Times, saY- St, jerking Croix ‘its River. way along I'had been the uneven up the tracks Grand that Lake paralleled Streams ‘the for tne Knows books, says: eo 4 few weeks" loaf,—fishing, smoking, reading, thinking. AS “uf real merit typography, binding, convenience, and-— the engine labored along,='the bleak stubby: remains of fine best of all-subject anatter, fine counts measure for anything, of success. these ‘They books fl 8k spruce pulp forests wood on on the one other, side of I half it and closed the turgid, my eyes little and river dream- full bre seed cortainly tha is deserving not aute of covered & sofa an pave observed ily layed & monstrous trout on & gossamer line, “Just as I iy'any other publication in the feld just nove was about to land my catch, the chap sitting opposite me re- ‘exclaimed, “Great heavens, man, I'm a Modern marked in the same matter of fact tone in which he might Library: Preston fan myself, but you seem to remember word for have said Good Evening! “How can they do it for sixty Word what people say about it. They ought 40 haye you on cents!” He seemed perfectly sane, his gray eyes were steady their pay roll” “Well to tell you truth, they have," I replied of the dnd calm, so my first impulse to plead an engagement devel: wiih Sohewhat ole shcepist grin, “in fact I'm one

Oped into the conventional “I heg your pardon?” Preston Publishers of the Modern Library.” I woulda’ have started continued, “When T answered their first advertisement in the Biking about itt you hasn't wound me up 80 owl Nave fo New Republic, 1 cheerully anticipated getting sixty cents’ printed worth, if in eye-straining that—some cheap, type on abridged, butcher's poorly. manila, edited But when book Act = of Congress you nothing,” obliging said everyone Preston, 0 read “there ‘The ought ‘Modern to be a those two books came!Just think=a_ 380 page copy. of trary.’ Tit'eal ie square, though, { you give me one.of your Thus Spake Zarathustra”—I had tried for months to get that New lists and have breakiast with me atthe Parker Hove i with last word an introduction of “Kultur” by —translated Fran Nietzsche, by Thomas and Common @ volume and of the So'we morning.” shook hands and a few minutes later, as I pulled the Seen, the finest and I collection think T know of 13 my De De Maupassaiit Maupassant, stories 1 felt that I've. Thad ever tan fi colored gave an blanket extra cough over my oF two, legs, and the dhe poor tage old. that spavined Y remem en= heated the publishers” Preston. paused. for breath 1 er of that night is the vision of a gigantic trout, reading {earned afterwards that he is an unustally taciturn man—and The Red Lily® in a barn with two cat before he could resume, I had opened my bag and. fished Qu two, charming Timp Groft feather volumes, the Way of Here is the Boni gave Preston: Ail Plesk and "fne Mayor of Castrbridge” with Joyce Ke 1 Owar Wilde, Dorian Gray nee's introduction, Pemeaest Ay Migeried T thought you were a bit queer—at frst,” I said, “but 3 Kipling Steven CLI ‘aeeasure Saidieta Island Thee they say people are judged by the books they read, So. we

HG Wen 000. ‘Tig War ta the Ale Gontt need any other introduction.” 1. should say not,” Preston exclaimed, “collectors of the & Menrite Ibsen. hint lays! A Doire Hou, Ghosts, Modern Library don't, Arent hey the most satisfying com Anatole. Prance “An Enemy a “nie of the ‘Red People Eity anion volumes ever De. Maupassant iademolselle Fis, ete Just then the crazy engine Rrunted and pulled up at Ma- Dostoyeraky Rieasche: E : Shake, or Saatieg Beaple chias Junction, where Preston and I got out, stretehed our fegs and passed the time of night with a group of State of Sehopentater Mactertined 10070 A hileasig‘of Shuies Se io, "Antony, Peaseion, ee Maine lumber jacks, ‘Preston told them the yarn about Tsaac Simtel utter: ‘The Way af All Flesh Newton eutting & big hole and a small hole in the side of his Geonge Meredith Diana of che Crossways barn so that both his big eat and her kittens could get out at Gis co Moore. Shaw ‘Goniessiige' trAn of Unsocal =. Young’ Socatot Man night, and we could heat their appreciative guffaws as we Settled down again to our pipes and. out chat 18 Thos ‘Themag’ Seltzer Hardy sssvs ss alt "The Ruslan’ Mayor of Short. Casterbridge Stories T told Preston a lot about the Modern Library that he 28 19 Qsear Nictsshe. Wilde Beyond Good sid Poem Evil didn't know. He had gotten only the frst twelve titles. He Torgener Fathers and. Sone {et his pipe xo out several times when I told him there were Srisburne Anois Fiance: ime’ off Sylvester Bogard that thirty almost volumes every to be one had of the for new the same titles sixty had_an cent introduction price and Wan Dean’ iiowlle i Giasard ‘of’ New by sach men as Padraic Colum, Alexander Harvey, Willard HG, W'S. Gilbert Wells ‘he Miuado' and ‘Rom Other Veronica Plays Huntington Wright, ete, which some people thought alone Gastave Fiauber Biodame: Bovary ‘worth the sixty cents, : James Stephens Stary, Bary T waxed eloquent and, before we thought of turning in for ‘ftir ‘Kston Chekhor ‘Senntsier: i ‘Anatol Rothachiihs and other Ft “plays ee fed the with night, the had idea explained of giving how the The American Modern Public Library the had very start- best Stdermann i Bame ‘Care fn modern thought at as low a price as possible, and ina ‘the” Man’ Who Was ‘Thursday simple, attractive, convenient form. Tt included books that Biaye’ Hedda Gebler, ‘The Pilars Master of Builder Society, had never ‘been, published in this. country before, such as 37 Haeckel, Thompson, Weismann, ete...... Evolution In Modern Thought “Married” and “A Miracle of St Antony"? and out of print 35 Krancis Thompson. i Complete: Boers books; that it bought from other publishers the right to re- 3p Arthur’ Schniler: 2. : Hertha, Carian 40 Bales aS Stories rey bac, worthwhile og of ontemporapeods iateren Bs Wells’ “War in the Airy” James Stephens’ "Mary, Mary.” $3 4 The The Art Art of of Rodin Aubrey ‘Beafdsicy.ss.-.Gy i Black Hiaek and’ and: White Reproductions ‘Reprodueione

$3 Lord. Dynsanyse ores Books. of Wonder and “"Rest Schniteler’s sellers don’t Plays mican entrée to The, Modern Library,” $2 We, Weatee oo gids Baley'Snd Pole Tales 48 Leonid Andreyev. .: The Seven ‘That Were Hanged and the Red Laugh I Ail said, Flesh’ “though and ‘Dorian "The Best Gray’ Russian and. several Stories’ others and "The have Way Deen of 4 de Volare George Ginsing. Private Papets aegis of Henry anita Ryceroft canaide

2 Manin ‘corig. ie ies iat’ Once ‘Were ‘fen snd Other Stories reprinted several times in this edition’ Sp Mae Semmens 22 ‘The’ Tigo and His Own ing "Do something vou realize,” big? said Only Preston, one or two “that foreign those fellows publishers are have do- 38 bs Beatin sche Batis Boban attempted anything as fine as that Modern Library’ Auyest Sinesbere. “hiss Tae snd ofber phase ‘These books bound in limp croftleather may be obtained at all book stores or direct from the publishers BONI & LIVERIGHT, 103 West 40th Street, New York City.

a May, 1918

LETTERS FROM OUR READERS Seeing Is Believing From a Negro Paper “J hope it's as good as it sounds.” ‘On Lincoln's birthday a new magazine called The Liberator Hexorer Maveniay, made. its appearance in this city. ‘The name and the date are San Francisco, Cal significant...The new Liberator is not published especially in the re interest of the Negro, but is a radical magazine that will defend P.S. T've seen it. It is as good as it sound all oppressed classes and attack wrong and hypocrisy wher HM. found...We gladly welcome a new friend in ‘Te New York Aci Needed AO Cotesia “Of course I've seen the first number. It is a wonderful pleasure, Everybody is enthusiastic. John Reed's article makes Tt_makes me think of the difference between Eastman’s everybody happy, and gives us all courage. From cover fo cover, Liberator and Garrison's Liberat ‘One difference is—Garri very word, one reads and ecreadh many ‘ines guess we son believed in God, and in regeneration for the individual and the race. His was a hopeful and a happy spirit. No one need heed all the’ courage we can get—with all our friends in prison ever pity the man with a Cause.....Fastman is as fearless as and Tom Mooney’s case still so serious, and the I. W. W- trial Garrison, but he thinks he doesn't love God. Some day he will coming off—so The Liberator is a godsend.” have the vision, and learn that love is more powerful than Aewrs Tous. Ann Acbor, Mich, justice. e out-of-doors When that or illuminating read the New day comes, Testament I shall as not an antidote have to Liberator. And more people will read The Liberator.

But this is not critica very humble aside, I realize that God's Own Reporter the blind must have their eyes slashed open and the lame their crutches flung away and the sick-at-heart made sicker before

eee “The Liberator is ne! When the Masses was murdered left a gap—a wide and urtful one. Now you come up stronge well do even the next thing. Iam grateful for The Liberator.” than ever—bless you! 2 Frances Lucas, stuff. He is God's own m looking forward to all Reed's Russian Providence, R. I. eporter—guts and imagination.”

Cuanues Asueicn Bad Wishes ap Cook County Jail, Chicago. “I was glad to receive the announcement of The Liberator because it gives me an opportunity to tell you that under no cir-

cumstances would T permit a copy of.it to come into my house Perhaps! An acquaintance of mine once forced a copy of the Masses pon

The saleswoman in the bookshop sought to fasten my browsing ime, and after looking it over I heartily rejoiced when the gov attention to a particular fodder. She opened a copy emment suppressed it. Hoping that the new publication will Republic for March 16th of the New Share the same fate, and assuring you that so far.as I have “It’s surprising,” at the article about Mooney. any influence it shall be used against you” she volunteered, “to see such a conservative

‘magazine as this giving all that space to the Mooney x4 N. Goopxow. But” I protested, shocked case.” Highland Park, Ti “that is a radical paper.” (for T “take” the New Republi), ape: “You may think 50,” she retorted, “but only conservative people Oh, Yes, We Dare buy it—people who wouldn’t for anything buy The Liberator.” is it true, Mr. Editor, that there is any difference between your “The conclusions of an exhaustive study of li yy a former radicalism and that of Mr. Croly's? Cook County Jail Sus Bext. “(1) The world goes round and round and round, New York City. And thither gleams the sun, ‘The human race goes round and round lies ‘To where it first begun A Visitor to the Jail i and round and round. “Came to us, thirty of us, horny: handed crude, us of the Cause ‘Who knows? ‘Not I! He was young, clean of mind, powe He goes on round and round and round able of spirit, ful of physique and untam- Somewhere beyond our eye, On his youthful shoulders he carried a man’s burden— '3) So round,and round and round and round Responsibility, thought, old yet new, inspiration For ever and for ayes All this he carried—oodles of it ‘The Universe goes round and round, His visit was lengiby : Just one long night and day. Each one of us he took out for a breath of fresh air. “If you are capable of casting off your assumed cloak of op- Each one he took for a glimpse of the outside world timism, and facing facts, you may use this. Do you dare? He fulfilled his mission to us. Heroeer Russet Count We As much wanted as to possible, hold him, we because belaied his so much departure was he liked of us. He said he was one of us, and we believed him—the untamed at ne oa oa He Walked ut he left, claiming other appointments, “Yesterday I, stood on the corner waiting for the car. I saw On his promise of return, we accepted his departure in a window ‘The Liberator, Max Eastman, Editor’ I said We already await him and his burden, heavy yet ably borne ‘Oh? ‘Thad sixteen cents, I walked home. Tf a number misses We ienow he'll come, for he is the Liberator—of men me, I shall sue you for defrauding me.” Waurer Pasewa Eooar B, Westy Douglas County Jail, Omaha, Neb, Mo.

THE LIBERATOR

THREE POEMS i Conventions, Hearings, 1 PICNIC ON THE GRASS Mass Meetings, Etc. q THE NEW ART YOU with your face to the sky, OF DRESS Here, but still out of my reach, ‘An intelligent system of Listening gravely while 1 REPRODUCED VERBATIM . dress, as at fas Been per Burst into passionate speech, York State ee vou wil at is many new Begging you not to delay Winners of New 1 Stiprived Shvuntages Booklet on re ‘While youth is a jubilant strife, Championship Cup for 1918 Till your hair turns a virtuous gray for Speed and Accuracy J 2 a) > ‘And your grandchildren, mock you ‘with life, Translations in All Languages, Saying you must not deny, Multigraphing, Addressing, Mim- jut burn yourself out with the flame; eographing, ae ‘Stenography, ‘This placidly living a lie Ts ten times as shameful as shame. i Oh, ‘rouse yourself; kindle and burn REPORTING | ‘With April before it slips... CONVENTION ‘You move your head slightly and turn COMPANY DECORATION | ‘Your whimsical eyes to my lips. 32 UNION SQUARE, NEW YORK, N.Y. INTERIOR in: ANTON HELLMANN a will "small continue class his at. Bin Your eyes seem to lift with a queer Stuyvesant 1965-5296 aistival snstruction the to summer. Every clement Light, as of battle half-won; (Room 810) Sai ofthe Ramon taroughowt eg is Seed ve ‘They challenge me “Come make it clear, ‘O wise man.” And I—I talk on. fhe acetal oa neney of Rethall'Gome and Spartment.. THe course FRE k 00 Nac oe a 7: Af sddpted to: mect individual requirements. HABIT MSS. Successfully Placed ANTON HELLMANN WHATEVER may be false, let us agree CCRITICIZED, REVISED: TYPED. | ji Decorator ‘This much is true: Send for leaflet Established 1890 Seventeen New West Fork Eighth Gity Street You have no magic left for me, Markham and others T wake no thrill in you. References: Edwin Telephone —Stayoeaont 4085 United Literary Press, 123°5th Ave,N-Y. —— You never speak of it, and yet I know ‘The tale is told; Plaza 5096 “Tel: Mad, Sa. 6928 Your kiss is plainer than a blow, “Poo casual and cold. |S HALPERN | The cong | Passe cecil Well, let our yawning passion end unmarred ESPERANTO ‘sca ee ae » neutral world-wide lan- ‘By what thing is mean; so base and hard Democracy demands between ‘There is no, routine. fquage fora permanent understanding « ‘As love's enforced Fee, And we have it—-not a theory, but why not Fact! If you are a real democrat, inveigate?” N.Y. ESPERANTO | SO- 17 (Continued from page 47) A DERELICT CIETY, 2633 CRESTON AVE. N. Y. C. better established was, would have been. et. even Monroe's preface to (GEE rifts by under the lights, Ha by. quoting Miss of Mr. Yeats’ i Flaunting her tattered sails; "ne Congo” on the subject ‘Wreck of a thousand nights terest in Mr, Lindsay’s poetry. But my mi “And a thousand gales. Statement puts me at a loss. Tt is clear that RED HOT i2nie"S poner tat], no one could believe a story in, which money- matters were carelessly dealt with; and I sup- A derelict, yet she trades pose I had better take refuge in Freud at once, With an ensign that’s never furled; Bhd admit that the whole anecdote must have ‘An outcast, though ‘The flags she of parades the world. ris: AGNOSTIC Sows een a wish-fulfillment!—F. D.] Washed by the tides of unrest, “THe CRUGBLE,"V PAPER SHADOWS ON BEDFORD HILL Chartless, but never free, 1830 Ist Ave,, Seattle, Wash. the passionate breast A LITTLE old man passed up with a She floats on’ OF a passionless sea. LA ~ basket of leeks Among a hundred he passed; Louis Untermeyer. Among a hundred I saw him sharply etched. The Truth About The Bolsheviki ‘And I climbed past the limousines and the Tamps, By Emma Goldman ‘The ringing heels on cobbles, ‘A. compelling analysis of the histori, bask ‘The stone facade of many buildings ound and Sepiratons last contribution Bolahevisi. before Ber Against the smoky, sunset UR readers who wish to con- Sits pasture Goldman's for Jeflerson Brin to serve to ear Tdimbed with him past’ these shadowy tribute c some friends Price 10 cents things. in trouble, Books ond pomp by the fre Our way was through clear light of the labor movement From the sly and by mail order Upon a country hill should send books and reading mat- ‘The branches stirred above our heads; MOTHER EARTH BOOK SHOP All the bright sky was pricked with tree- ter to James H. Manning, Cook Jones Street ‘New York tops, County Jail, Chicago. 4 Sie off Fourth Street star. the road, a cottage like a ‘And up Fronexce Ripuey Masti.

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Only two precious weeks! How will you spend them? In two weeks of regular, daily, intensive work, you can cover our regular three month once-a-week courses in SOCIALISM Public Speaking, Party and Union Organizing, Economics, History, Art, Music, Drama, Cir . Naturalization and English. THE INSTRUCTORS pi sheshanrt Scott Nearing Algernon Lee Prof. Dana Joshua Wanhope Alexander Trachtenberg August Claessens Samuel Beardsley 5 ° ts and and others TORCH BACh The Rand Schual oF Social peace 7 East 15th Street In the heart of New York City’s wonderful Socialist East Side Here is the $5.00 Library Socialism Broughtbythe Post Mam! yi, “rinses and Engels 1, “Communist scemise soi Study Socialism in your own home under the world’s ‘Origin ok the amie jeaders in radical though - Meyer, "Making le tice ofthe Worn nd Boat” The Correspondence Department glass Strugele of Hee The Rand School of Social Science i ooo

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