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The Roads They We: Women in Illinois History. These Roles To

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The Roads They We: Women in Illinois History. These Roles To DOCUMENT RESUME ED 135 699 SO 009 810 AUTHOR Wheeler, Adade Mitchell; Wortman, Marlene Stein TITLE The Roads They We: Women in Illinois History. PUB DATE Jan 77 NOTE 209p. AVAILABLE FROMCharles H. Kerr Publishing Co., 431 South Dearborn, Suite 829, Chicago, Illinois 60605 ($3.95 paper, $10.00 cloth) EDRS PRICE ME-$0.83 Plus Postage. HC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS Adult Education; American Indians; Bibliographies; Civil War (United States) ; Colonial History (United States); *Females; *Feminism; Health Programs; Labor Unions; Life Style; Secondary Education; Social Change; Social Values; *Womens Studies IDENTIFIERS Equal Rights Amendment; *Illinois; *State History ABSTRACT This book discusses women's roles in Illinois history from the Indian period and the frontier throngh the Civil War, the Progressive Era, world wars and depressions to the 1970's. It relates these roles to the larger process of historical development. The authors wrote the book for all those seeking to enlarge their understanding cf Illinois history. Chapters one through five describe (1) the varied work and the status of American Indian women and the marriage customs of these early times;(2) the hardships and harsh hazards faced by frontier women in Illinois;(3) women's efforts during the Civil War; (4) the period from 1870 to 1920 when women actively sought to improve their legal, economic, and social position; and (5) the women's movement from the 1920s to the present. The last chapter describes and provides information on the,Carbondale Women's Center, the Institute of Women Today, the Illinois-Women's Agenda, women's health care, the Coalition of Labor Union Women, and the Equal Rights Amendment in Illinois. A bibliography of books which treat the activities of Illinois women is also included. (Author/RM) a *********************************************************************** Documents acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublished * materials nct available from other sources. ERIC makes every effort * * to obtain the best copy available. Nevertheless, items of marginal * * reproducibilityarE often encountered and this affects the quality * * of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC makes available * * via the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDRS). EDRS is not * responsible for the quality of the original document. Reproductions * * supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made frcm the original. *****.,***************************************************************** Cr CY %.0 a--1 THE ROADS THEYMADE: Women in Illinois History by Adade Mitchell Wheeler with Marlene Stein Wortman OF HEALTH, U 5 DEPARTMENT EDUCATION &WELFARE PERMOSION 10 REPRODUCETHIS OF BY MICRO. NATIONAL INSTITUTE COPYRIGHTED MATER:Al EDUCATION FICHI: ONLY BEEN GRANTED By Whe.eltr HAS BEENREPRO. (lade THIS DOCUMENTAS RECEIVEDFROM DUCED EXACTLYORGANIZATION ORIGIN ORGANIZATIONS OPERAT THE PERSON OR OPINIONS TO ERIC AND WITH THE NA OF VIEW OR (NG UNDER AGREEMENT'. ATING IT POINTSNECESSARILY REPRE. EDUCATION STATED DO NOT OF TIONAL INSTITUTE Or 00 TSIDE NATIONAL INSTITUTE IJRTHER RE PRODUC ION SENT OFFICIAL OR POLICY THE ERIC SYSTEMREQUIRES PERM'S EDUCATION POSITION SION OP THE COPYRIGHTONNER 1977 Chicago CHARLES H. KERR PUBLISHING COMPANY ,.47-'774.0 6 Li 4 Copyright © 1977 Adade Mitchell Wheeler Printed in the United States of America LC 76-42591 ISBN 0-88286-019-4 paper ISBN 0-88286-020-8 cloth Deborah Bright, Design 3 TO WOMEN OF THE PAST: Rizpah de Laittre Mitchell Elizabeth Ann Mitchell Bacon and TO WOMEN OF THE FUTURE: Megan Rachel Wheeler Leonie Wortman 'We shall not travel by the roads we make.' We may not. but someone elsewill, and someone made roads for me." Agnes Nestor 7 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS In writing this narrative and analysis of women's experiencein Illinoisthe roads they have taken and aretaking and making the assistance of many people has been welcome andinvaluable. There are many with whom I talked as I traveled aroundIllinois and who gave me more leads than I was able to use. Wethank them all, but there are_some whose assistance we mustacknowledge. First, acknowledgement and thanks must go to Bruce Thomas and his Center f or Illinois Studies, Inc., without whom this manuscript would-never have been written. The idea of "Essays in Practice to complete the picture is his; we think the repder will find thatthey add immeasurably indescribingtheeffc 3 of some of today's roadmakers. When the Center brings out its studies, excerptsfrom this book will be part of them. I am also particularly indebted to those goodfriends who not only encouraged me to dig farther, but who helped me to do so:Joyce Breiseth of Wheaton who combed literally dozens of books,culling any mention of an Illinois woman;historian Terry Allen of College of DuPage; and Edith Fejer and Ma ttie Choice whomade editing suggestions. In my travels around the state in the fallof 1975 I met many who helped then and later: Billie and Frank Brown and librarianVera Millhouse of Galena; Margaret Allen of Western IllinoisUniversity; Katy Fiene, president of the State Historical Society; AdeleHahn and Jessie Lee Huffstutler of Chester; historians CharlesHosmer and Paul 0. Williams of Principia College, Elsah;Annetta Cronin long time resident of Jersey County; Tom andVirginia Beadle, Jack and Jerran Beadle and Halley N. Thistlewood of Cairo;Margaret Logsdon of Shawneetown; Mary Burtschi ofVandalia; The Carbondale Women's Center; Gerti ude Brainard of BellevilleArea College, Librarian Margaret Meyer of Decatur; MarilynBlaze of Knoxville and Marilyn Millard Harper of theGalesburg Library. In Springfield, I want to thank Roger Bridges of theIllinois Historical Library and Gloria Craven, member ofthe Sta te Board of the League of Women Voters. In the Chicago area are many scholars and organization women who have suggested resources or who have given meinformation: Jacquelyn Peterson, Perry Duis and RichardJensen of the Circle Campus of the University of Illinois and VirginiaStewart of its library; Lorraine Passovoy on Indian history;Corey Venning of Loyola; Marcie Love, member of the Boardof Directors of Planned Parenthood; Zola Groves, former state presidentof the Business and Professional Woman's Club; Nan Wood, Mary JeanCollins and Mary Ann Lupa of the National Organizationof Women; Donna Schiller, state president of the Leagueof Women Voters; Marget Hamilton, former mayor of Wheaton; RebeccaAnne Sive-Tomashetsky of the Institute on Pluralism and GroupIdentity; Heather Booth of the 5 8 Midwest Academy; Margaret Cowden of Macomb, executive director of the Illinois Commission on the Status of Women. We would also like to acknowledge all those who filled out the forms we sent them which gave us so much material on their organizations. We wished we were writing a book just about today's women's groups! Advice and sources of information came from Betty Ziegler of Illinois College, Jacksonville; Reverend Landry Genovsky of Quincy College; John Simon of Southern Illinois University and Ruth Strand, formerly of the Elmhurst Library. Among ;hose active in politics who located valuable information for us were Giddy Dyer, member of the General Assembly, and Joanne Maxwell of Rep. John M. Erlenborn's office, who obtained census statistics on Illinois women. Cody Hofmann of Wheaton gave us permission to use the artist:s sketch of her mother, Dr. Ellen Flower Hancock. Probably the most essential assistance has been that of Ann Foley, editor, who has spent countless hours making sense of my rhetoric. Marlene Stein Wortman, who co-authored the last tw.o chapters, would like to thank Illinois Ins.titute. of Technology: for a' junior Research Fellowship to study the issue of governing nineteenth century cities. Adade Mitchell Wheeler September1976 6 9 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments 7 Introduction 11 1 INDIAN WOMEN 13 2 WOMEN ON THE ILLINOIS FRONTIER 21 3 WOMEN THROUGH THE CIVIL WAR 35 4WOMEN AND CHANGE TO 1920 51 5 FROM FLAPPER TO LIBBER 111 6ESSAYS IN PRACTICE The Carbondale Women's Center by Rita Lovell Moss 146 The Inslitute of Women Today by Sister Margaret Ellen Traxler, SSND 153 The Illinois Women's Agenda by Rebecca Anne Sive-Tomashefsky 159 Women's Health Care by Abby Pariser 164 The Coalition of Labor Union Women Interview with Barbara Merrill 172 The ERA in Illinois by Charlotte Hunter Waters 180 Chapter Notes 189 Bibliography 204 Index 208 7 10 - WISCONSIN Galena Freeport South Beloi t Waukegan Bel vedere Rockford Savanna Evanston Elgi Whea ton itrO Chicago Ful ton _!J Dixon Sterl ig Aurora 11- ock Isl and Joliet o Mol ine Bishop Hill Streator Kankake Gal esburg oe. Peoria Bl oomington Danvi 1 1 e Champai gn Urbana Quincy Springfie1 ;i11. Decatur* V i I la Grove Jacksonvi l le Mattoon%Charleston atlinvil lee Effingham* Vandal i a Al ton Lawrencevi 1 le East St. Louis Central la Bellevil le Al bion ! t. Carmel Fai rfield Wayne Ci ty ( I -e DuQuoi n Kaskaskia Carbo daleHarri sburg. hawnee town Cave In Rock Rosiclare Elizabethtown Metr polis Golconda Brookport ouncThit; Cai o (Artist, Deborah Bright) Illinois 8 11 Introduction In the Capitol Building in Springfield, there are thirteen sta tues of famous men, with six more on the grounds.Until last fall, the only statue of a woman was the anonymous figure who welcomed visitors to the Women's Building of the 1893 Columbian World Exposition in Chicago, moved to Springfield to serve the same function. Due to the growing awareness of women's participation in Illinois life, a statue of Lottie Holman O'Neill, Illinois' first woman legislator, has at last been added to the group in the rotunda. Another statue, an 18 foot marble monument of the "Madonna of the Trail," a child in her arms and another tugging at her skirts, was designed to commemorate the sacrifices of pioneer mothers. The Daughters of the American Revolution donated the statue to mark the end of the National Old Trails Road in Vandalia. "The Madonna" stands on her pedestal while the two inscriptions on the base commemorate Abraham Lincoln and the Cumberland Road.
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