DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Landslides in Alaska: a bibliography of the literature describing landslides and other forms of slope instability

John P. Galloway

Open-File Report 86-329

This report is preliminary and has not been edited or reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards.

1 Menlo Park, California 94025

1986 Table of Contents

Page

Introduction...... i

References...... 1

Appendix A. Selected Canadian references ...... 42

Appendix B. References indexed by quadrangle...... 44

Appendix C. References by selected topic...... 52 Alaska general...... 52 Offshore...... 52 Trans-Alaska pipe!ine...... 52 Southeast...... 53 1958 earthquake...... 53 1964 earthquake...... 53 Landslides in Alaska: a bibliography of the literature describing landslides and other forms of slope instability

John P. Galloway

Introduction Landslides are a major geologic hazard in many parts of Alaska. The Alaskan Government spent approximately 10 million dollars between 1973 and 1983 to repair roads damaged by landslides (Brabb, 1984). To understand landslide processes it is important to know the character and distribution of landslides and their topographic, geologic, and hydrologic settings. This bibliography contains over 450 references published from 1910 thru 1985 on landslides, river-bank bluff erosion, earth flows, debris flows, solifluction, slope stability, submarine landslides, snow and ice avalanches, and rock glaciers in Alaska and selected references relative to adjacent parts of Canada. In addition to several bibliographies on landslides (Alger and Brabb, 1985; Coates, 1977; and Keefer and Tannaci, 1981); U.S. Geological Survey and Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Survey maps and publications located in the Branch of Alaskan Geology Technical Data Unit and U.S. Geological Survey Library, Menlo Park, were examined for landslide and slope stability information. All publications listed in, Reports and maps issued by the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys r Information Circular 11 (revised June, 1985) were also checked. The following journals were also checked: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (v. 1, 1964, - v. 22, 1985); Canadian Geotechnical Journal (v. 1, 1963, - v. 22, 1985); Arctic and Alpine Research (v. 1, 1969, - v. 17, 1985); and Quaternary Research (v. 1, 1970, - v. 22, 1985). Additional references could be made available by a careful search of the engineering literature. Many report and map titles do not mention landslides or slope processes. In order to guide the reader to pertinent sections, applicable page or figure numbers are listed following some of the references. In addition, all map references are followed with map-unit descriptions for the units mapped, i.e., landslide deposits, solifluction deposits, rock glaciers. Appendix A - provides an introduction to the Canadian literature, with special emphasis on areas along the United States-Canadian border. References are listed by applicable 1:250,000-scale quadrangles in Appendix B. Appendix C lists references related to selected topics: Alaska general; Offshore; Landslides caused by the 1958 and 1964 earthquakes; Southeast Alaska (mostly references related to timber harvesting); and slope-stability problems along the Trans-Alaskan Pipeline. References Adams, P.W., 1984, Soil physical and chemical characteristics in mass movement areas in southeast Alaska: U.S. Department of Agriculture,_Forest Service, Project Completion Report, Supplement No. PNW-82-317 (unpublished). Adams, P.W., and Sidle, R.C., 1984, Soil fertility and rooting sites in mass movement areas in southeast Alaska, in Symposium on Effects of Forest Land Uses on Erosion and Slope Stability, Honolulu, Hawaii, 1984, Proceedings. Alaska Department of Highways, 1971, Engineering geology report of Dietrich Pass route: Alaska Department of Highways study project no. E-85252, 44 p. Alger, C.S., and Brabb, E.E., 1985, Bibliography of United States landslide maps and reports: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-585, 119 p. (Alaska, p. 9-13) Anderson, D.M., Reynolds, R.C., and Brown, Jerry, 1975, Bentonite debris flows in northern Alaska: Science, v. 164, no. 3876, p. 173-174. Bailey, P.K., 1983, Periglacial geomorphology in the Kokrines-Hodzana Highlands of Alaska, in Permafrost, International Conference, 4th, Fairbanks, Alaska, 1983, Proceedings: Washington, D.C., National Academy Press, p. 34-39. , 1985, Periglacial landforms and processes in the southern Kenai Mountains, Alaska: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Hanover, N.H., Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL Special Report 85-3, 60 p. Barnes, F.F., 1962, Geologic map of lower Matanuska valley, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map 1-359, scale 1:63,360. (map units(s): landslide debris) Barnes, F.F., and Payne, T.G., 1956, The Wishbone Hill district, Matanuska coal field, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1016, 88 p., scale 1:12,000 and 1:3,000. (see pages 21-23, 46) Barr, D.J., and Swanston, D.J., 1970, Measurement of creep in a shallow, slide-prone till soil: American Journal of Science, v. 269, p. 467-480. Benedict, J.B., 1976, Frost creep and gelifluction features: a review: Quaternary Research, v. 6, no. 1, p. 55-76. (Alaska, p. 71) Berg, G.V., and Stratta, J.L., 1964, Anchorage and the Alaska earthquake of March 27, 1964: New York, American Iron and Steel Institute, 63 p. Bishop, D.M., and Stevens, M.E., 1964, Landslides on logged areas in southeast Alaska: Juneau, Alaska, Northern Forest Experiment Station, U.S. Forest Service Research Paper NOI-1, 18 p. Black, R.F., 1951, Permafrost: The Smithsonian Report for 1950: Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, p. 273-301. (plates: 6, 10, 11, 12) , 1969, Thaw depressions and thaw lakes - a review: Biuletyn Peryglacjalny, no. 19, p. 131-150. (see pages 139-144) Boothroyd, J.C., Cable, M.S., and Levey, R.A., 1976, Geological hazards and processes in the vicinity of Icy Bay, Alaska (abs.): Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 8, no. 6, p. 786. Brabb, E.E., 1984, Minimum landslide damage in the United States, 1973-1983: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-486, 4 p. Brabb, E.E., and Miller, D.J., 1962, Reconnaissance traverse across the eastern Chugach Mountains, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map 1-341, scale 1:96,000. (comment: landslide symbol showing direction of movement) Brazee, R.J., and Cloud, W.K., 1960, United States earthquakes 1958: Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of Commerce, Coast and Geodetic Survey, 76 p. Brazee, R.J., and Jordan, J.N., 1958, Preliminary notes on the southeastern Alaska earthquake: Earthquake Notes, v. 29, no. 3, p. 36-40. Brew, D.A., 1974, Environmental impact analysis; the example of the proposed trans-Alaska pipeline: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 695, 16 p. Brosge, W.P., Reiser, H.N., and Yeend, Warren, 1973, Reconnaissance geologic map of the Beaver quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-525, scale 1:250,000. (map units(s): solifluction mantle on bedrock) Brown, Jerry, and Berg, R.L., eds., 1980, Environmental engineering and ecological baseline investigations along the Yukon River - Prudhoe Bay haul road: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Hanover, N.H., Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL Report 80-19, 186 p. Bruen, M.P., and Gill, D.G., 1984, Slope processes of the proposed Watana resevoir area, south-central Alaska (abs.): Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 16, no. 5, p. 273. Buffler, R.T., 1976, Geologic map of south Augustine Island, lower Cook Inlet: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Open File Report 96, 3 p., scale 1:24,000. (map units(s): ash flows, mud flows, rubble flows) Bull, Colin, and Marangunic, C.D., 1966, The earthquake-induced slide on the Sherman Glacier, southcentral Alaska, and its glaciological effects, in Physics of Snow and Ice: Institute on Low Temperature Science, International Conference on Low Temperature Science, Proceedings, 1966, Sapporo, Japan, v. 1, no. 1, p. 395-408. Bull, Colin, and Marangunic, C.D., 1968, Glaciological effects of debris slide on Sherman Glacier, in National Research Council, The great Alaska earthquake of 1964 - hydrology, Part A: Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences, p. 309-317. Bundtzen, T.K., Kline, J.T., and Clough, J.G., 1982, Preliminary geologic map of the McGrath B-2 quadrangle: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Open File Report 149, 22 p., scale 1:63,360. (map units(s): major landslide deposits; rock glaciers) Bundtzen, T.K., and Laird, G.M., 1980, Preliminary geology of the McGrath - Upper Innoko River area, western interior Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Open File Report 134, 36 p., scale 1:63,360, 2 sheets, (map units(s): rock glaciers) , 1982, Geologic map of the Iditarod D-2 and eastern D-3 quadrangles: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Geologic Report 72, scale 1:63,360. (map units(s): landslide deposits; rocks-glacier and protalus-rampart deposits) Burns, I.E., Little, T.A., Newberry, R.J., Decker, John, and Pessell, G.H., 1983, Preliminary geologic map of parts of the Anchorage C-2, C-3, D-2, and D-3 quadrangles: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Report of Investigations 83-10, scale 1:25,000, 3 sheets, (map units(s): landslide deposits; rock glaciers) Cairnes, D.D., 1912a, Differential erosion and equiplanation in portions of Yukon and Alaska: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 23, p. 333-348. Cairnes, D.D., 1912b, Some suggested new physiographic terms (equiplanation, deplanation, and aplanation): American Journal of Science, v. 34, p. 75-87. Capps, S.R., Jr., 1910, Rock glaciers in Alaska: Journal of Geology, v. 18, p. 359-375. Carlson, P.R., 1976, Submarine faults and slides that disrupt surficial sedimentary units, northern Gulf of Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open- File Report 76-294, 27 p. Carter, L.D., 1983, Engineering-geologic maps of northern Alaska, Teshekpuk quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-634, scale 1:250,000. (comments: tabular text with suitability for construction description) Carter, L.D., and Galloway, J.P., 1978, Preliminary engineering geologic maps of the proposed natural gas pipeline route in the Tanana River Valley, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-794, 26 p., scale 1:125,000, 3 sheets, (map units(s): landslide deposits) Carter, L.D., and Galloway, J.P., 1981, Earth flows along Henry Creek, northern Alaska: Arctic, v. 34, no. 4, p. 325-328. , 1985, Engineering-geologic map of northern Alaska, Harrison Bay quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-256, 48 p., scale 1:250,000, 2 sheets. (comments: tabular text with suitability for construction description) Chapman, R.M., 1958, Formation and development of Bergh Lake, Mount McKinkley Park, Alaska (abs.): Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 69, no. 12, pt. 2, p. 1751. Chapman, R.M., and Patton, W.W., Jr., 1978, Landslides near Melozitna River canyon (abs.) in Geological Survey Research 1978: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1100, p. 83. Chapman, R.M., and Yeend, W.E., 1972, Preliminary geologic map of the northeastern part of the Tanana quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-342, scale 1:250,000. (map units(s): older landslide deposits; recent landslide and slump deposits; solifluction mantle) Chapman, R.M., Yeend, W.E., Brosge, W.P., and Reiser, H.N., 1975, Preliminary geologic map of the Tanana and northeastern part of the Kantishna River quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-337, scale 1:250,000. (map units(s): older landslide deposits, recent landslide deposits) , 1982, Reconnaissance geologic map of the Tanana quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-734, scale 1:250,000. (map units(s): older landslide deposits; recent landslide deposits) Childers, J.M., Meckel, J.P., and Anderson, G.S., 1972, Floods of August 1967 in east-central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1880-A, 77 p. (see pages 25-26, photographs) Clark, S.H.B., Foster, H.L., and Bartsch, S.B., 1972, Growth of a talus cone in western Chugach Mountains: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 83, p. 227-230. Coates, D.R., 1977, Landslide perspective, _[n_ Coates, D.R., ed., Reviews in engineering geology: Geological Society of America, v. 3, p. 3-28. (see page 10) Combellick, R.A., 1984a, Surficial geologic map of the Seward D-6 quadrangle: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Report of Investigations 84-15, scale 1:63,360. (map units(s): landslide deposits, active rock-glacier and protalus-lobe deposits) Combellick, R.A., 1984b, Surficial geologic map of the Seward D-7 quadrangle: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Report of Investigations 84-22, scale 1:63,360. (map units(s): inactive rock-glacier and protalus-lobe deposits) , 1984c, A proposal for an Alaska Natural Hazards Safety Commission (abs.): Science and Policy, Arctic Science Conference, Anchorage, Alaska, 1984, American Association for the Advancement of Science (Arctic Division), p. 57. , 1984d, Potential for earthquake-induced liquefaction in the Fairbanks- Nenana area, Alaska (abs.): Geological Society of America Program with Abstracts, v. 16, no. 5, p. 276. -, 1984e, Potential for earthquake - induced liquefaction in the Fairbanks - Nenana area: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Report of Investigations 84-5, 10 p., scale 1:250,000. , 1985, Geologic-hazards mitigation in Alaska: A review of Federal, State, and local policies: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Special Report 35, 71 p. Combellick, R.A., and Long, W.E., 1983, Geologic hazards in southeastern Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Report of Investigations 83-17, 17 p. Condon, W.H., 1965, Map of eastern Prince William Sound area, Alaska, showing fracture traces inferred from aerial photographs: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map 1-453, scale 1:125,000. (comment: map symbol - landslides pre-1964 earthquake) Coulter, H.W., and Migliaccio, R.R., 1966, Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964 at Valdez, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 542-C, p. 1-36. (see pages 14-16) , 1971, Effects at Valdez, in National Research Council, The great Alaska earthquake of 1964 - geology, Part A: Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences, p. 359-394. Daniel, Mann, Johnson, and Mendenhall Consultants, 1972, Geophysical hazards investigation for the City and Borough of Juneau - a summary report: Daniel, Mann, Johnson, and Mendenhall Consultants, Portland, Oregon, 92 p. Davidson, G.D., and Hackett, S.W., 1979a, Provisional snow-avalanche potential, Juneau quadrangle: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Open File Report 132, scale 1:250,000, 2 sheets. -, 1979b, Provisional snow-avalanche potential, Seward quadrangle: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Open File Report 131, scale 1:250,000, 2 sheets. Davidson, G.D., and Hackett, S.W., 1980, Provisional snow-avalanche potential, Anchorage quadrangle: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Open File Report 130, scale 1:250,000, 2 sheets. Davis, T.N., 1958, Yakutat and Huslia earthquakes of 1958 (abs.): Alaskan Science Conference, 9th, Anchorage, Alaska, 1958, Proceedings, p. 94-95. (sand flows) Davis, T.N., and Sanders, N.K., 1960, Alaska earthquake of July 10, 1958: intensity distribution and field investigations of the northern epicentral region: Seismological Society of America Bulletin v. 50, no. 2, p. 221-252. Dearborn, L.L., Anderson, G.S., and Zenone, Chester, 1979, Water resources of the Seward area, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations WRI 79-11, 45 p. (see pages 11, 18) Detterman, R.L., 1968, Recent volcanic activity on Augustine Island, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 600-C, p. 126-129. Detterman, R.L., Hudson, T.L., Plafker, George, Tysdal, R.G., and Hoare, J.M., 1976, Reconnaissance geologic map along Bruin Bay and Lake Clark faults in Kenai and Tyonek quadrangles, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-477, 4 p., scale 1:250,000. (map units(s): landslide deposits) Detterman, R.L., Miller, T.P., Yount, M.E., and Wilson, F.H., 1981, Quaternary geologic map of the Chignik and Sutwik Island quadrangles, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map 1-1292, scale 1:250,000. (map units(s): landslide deposits) Detterman, R.L., Plafker, George, Tysdal, R.G., and Hudson, T.L., 1976, Geology and surface features along part of the Talkeetna segments of the Castle Mountain - Caribou fault system, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-738, scale 1:63,360. (map units(s): four ages of landslide deposits; plus areas of potential landslides) Detterman, R.L., and Reed, B.L., 1964, Preliminary map of the geology of the Iliamna quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map 1-407, scale 1:250,000. (map units(s): colluvial and landslide deposits) , 1973, Surficial deposits of the Iliamna quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1368-A, 64 p., scale 1:250,000. (map units(s): landslide deposits; solifluction deposits) Dillon, J.T., Adams, D.D., and Adler, Penny, 1983, Geologic map of the Melozitna A-4 quadrangle: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Report of Investigations 83-18, scale 1:63,360. (map units(s): landslide deposits; solifluction deposits; rock glaciers) Dillon, J.T., Hamilton, W.B., and Lueck, L.L., 1981, Geologic map of the Wiseman A-3 quadrangle: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Open File Report 119, scale 1:63,360. (map units(s): landslide and flow slide deposits, rock glaciers, solifluction deposits) Dillon, J.T., Pessel, G.H., Lueck, L.L., and Hamilton, W.B., 1981, Geologic map of the Wiseman A-4 quadrangle: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Open File Report 124, scale 1:63,360. (map units(s)-.landslide and flow slide deposits; rock glaciers; solifluction deposits) Dobrovolny, Ernest, 1971, Landslide susceptibility in and near Anchorage as interpreted from topographic and geologic maps, in National Research Council, The great Alaska earthquake of 1964 - geology, Part A: Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences, p. 735-745 Dobrovolny, Ernest, Miller, R.D., and Lemke, R.W., 1964, Urban reconstruction in damaged areas of Alaska (abs.): Mining Engineering, v. 16, no. 7, p. 1288. Dobrovolny, Ernest, and Schmoll, H.R., 1964, Quake took time to move land: Engineering News Record, p. 56. , 1968, Geology as applied to urban planning: an example from the Greater Anchorage area Borough, Alaska: in International Geological Congress, 23rd, Prague, Czechoslavokia, v. 12, p. 39-56. Dobrovolny, Ernest, and Schmoll, H.R., 1974, Slope-stability map of Anchorage and vicinity, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-787-B, scale 1:24,000. Donovan, N.C., and Krzewinski, T.G., 1978, Slope stability studies in a cold environment, j_n_ Applied Techniques for cold environment, Cold Regions Specialty Conference, American Society Civil Engineers, Proceedings, Anchorage, Alaska, v. 2, p. 840-851. (Alyeska pipeline) Eakin, H.M., 1916, The Yukon-Koyukuk region, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 631, 81 p. (see pages 76-82) , 1918, Cosna-Nowitna region, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 667, 54 p. (see pages 48-50) Eckel, E.B., 1967, Effects of the Alaska earthquake of March 27, 1964 on air and water transport, communications, and utilities systems in south- central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 4545-B, p. 1-27. (see pages 15-17) Eckel, E.B., 1970, The Alaska earthquake of March 27, 1964: lessons and conclusions: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 546, 57 p. (see pages 14-21, 30-31) Ell is, J.M., and Calkin, P.E., 1979, Nature and distribution of glaciers, neoglacial moraines, and rock glaciers, east-central Brooks Range, Alaska: Arctic and Alpine Research, v. 11, no. 4, p. 403-420. Engineering Geology Evaluation Group, 1964, 27, March 1964 earthquake in Greater Anchorage area: Report prepared for and published by Alaska State Housing Authority and the City of Anchorage, Anchorage, Alaska, 34 p. Eos (American Geophysical Union Transactions), 1978, Landslides on Pillar Mountain: Eos (American Geophysical Union Transactions) v. 59, no. 10, p. 905. Everett, K.R., 1966a, Instruments for measuring mass-wasting: International Permafrost Conference, Lafayette, Indiana, 1963, Proceedings, Washington, D.C., 1963, p. 136-139. , 1966b, Slope movement and related phenomena, in Environment of Cape Thompson region, Alaska: U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Report PNE-481, p. 175-220. , 1967, The morphology of the slopes of Ogotoruk Creek Valley, northwest Alaska: Biuletyn Peryglacjalny, no. 16, p. 117-131. Ferrians, O.J., Jr., 1966, Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964 in the Copper River basin area, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 543-E, p. 1-28. (landslides, p. 11-16) -, 1971a, Preliminary engineering geologic maps of the proposed trans- Alaska pipeline route, Beechey Point and Sagavanirktok quadrangles: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 491, scale 1:250,000, 2 sheets, (map units(s): landslide deposits) -, 1971b, Preliminary engineering geologic maps of the proposed trans- Alaska pipeline route, Philip Smith Mountains quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 492, scale 1:250,000, 2 sheets, (map units(s): landslide deposits) , 1971c, Preliminary engineering geologic maps of the proposed trans- Alaska pipeline route, Valdez quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open- File Report 495, scale 1:250,000, 2 sheets, (map units(s): landslide deposits) Ferrians, O.J., Jr., Kachadoorian, Reuben, and Green, G.W., 1969, Permafrost and related engineering problems in Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 678, 37 p. Ferrians, O.J., Jr., and Nichols, D.R., 1965, Resume of Quaternary geology of the Copper River basin, in Central and south-central Alaska, Vllth International Association for Quaternary Research, 1965, Guidebook for Field Conference F, p. 93-114. Ferrians, O.J., Jr., Nichols, D.R., and Schmoll, H.R. 1958, Pleistocene volcanic mudflow in the Copper River basin, Alaska. Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 69, p. 1573. Ferrians, O.J., Nichols, D.R., and Williams, J.R., 1983, Copper River Basin, in Guidebook to permafrost and Quaternary geology along the Richardson and Glenn Highways between Fairbanks and Anchorage, Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, p. 137-175. Field, W.O., Jr., 1965, Avalanches caused by the Alaska earthquake of March 1964, in International symposium on scientific aspects of snow and ice avalanches: Davos, Switzerland, 1965, International Association of Scientific Hydrology Publication 69, p. 326-331. Fisher, W.E., and Merkle, D.H., 1965, The great Alaska earthquake: Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico, U.S. Air Force Weapons Laboratory Technical Report AFWL-TR-65-92, v. 1, 100 p., v. 2, 312 p. Foster, H.L., 1968, Reconnaissance geologic map of the Tanacross quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 68-102, scale 1:250,000. (superseded by U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map 1-593) (map units(s): landslide deposits) , 1970, Reconnaissance geologic map of the Tanacross quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I- 593, scale 1:250,000. (map units(s): landslide depsots) -, 1972, Preliminary geologic map of the Eagle quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-358, scale 1:250,000 (superseded by U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map 1-922) (map units(s): landslide deposits) , 1976, Geologic map of the Eagle quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map 1-922, scale 1:250,000. (map units(s): landslide deposits) Foster, H.L., and Holmes, G.W., 1965, A large transitional rock glacier in the Johnson River area, Alaska Range: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 525-B p. 112-116. Foster, H.L., and Karlstrom, T.N.V., 1966, Ground breakage and associated effects in the Cook Inlet area, Alaska, resulting from the March 27, 1964 earthquake: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 543-F p. 1-28. Freethey, G.W., 1976, Relative permeability of surficial geologic materials, Anchorage and vicinity, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-787-E, scale 1:24,000. Frost, R.E., 1952, Interpretation of permafrost from airphotos: frost action on soils: Washington, D.C., 1951, Highway Research Board Special Report no. 2, National Academy of Science, National Research Council Publication 213, p. 223-246. Ganopole, Gerald, 1964, The great Alaskan earthquake, in Guidebook, field trip routes, Anchorage to Sutton, 1963, Sutton to Caribou Creek, 1964 - oil fields, earthquake, geology: Alaska Geological Society, Anchorage, Alaska, p. 23-24. Gilbert, W.G., 1977, General geology and geochemistry of the Healy D-l and southern Fairbanks A-l quadrangles: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Open File Report 105, 10 p., scale 1:63,360, 2 sheets, (map units(s): landslide and earthflow deposits; rock glaciers) Gilbert, W.G., and Redman, Earl,1975, Geologic map and structure sections of Healy C-6 quadrangle: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Open File Report 80, 1 p., scale 1:40,000. (map units(s): landslide deposits; rock glaciers) Gilbert, W.G., and Solie, D.N., 1983, Preliminary bedrock geology of the McGrath A-3 quadrangle: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Report of Investigations 83-7, scale 1:40,000. (map units(s): rock glaciers) Gilbert, W.G., Solie, D.N., and Dickey, D.B., 1982, Preliminary geologic map of the McGrath B-3 quadrangle: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Open File Report 148, scale 1:40,000. (map units(s): landslide deposits; rock glaciers) Gill, J.D., and Bruen, M.P., 1983, Permafrost conditions at the Watana dam site, in Permafrost International Conference, 4th, Fairbanks, Alaska, Proceedings: Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences, p. 347-352. Goldthwait, R.P., 1968, Hydrologic hazards from earthquakes, in National Research Council, The great Alaska earthquake of 1964 - geology, Part A: Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences, p., 405-414. Grantz, Arthur, 1960a, Geologic map of Talkeetna Mountains (A-2) quadrangle, Alaska and the contiguous area to the north and northwest: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map 1-313, scale 1:48,000. (map units(s): landslide deposits) -, 1960b, Geologic map of Talkeetna Mountains (A-l) quadrangle and the south third of Talkeetna Mountains (B-l) quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map 1-314, scale 1:48,000. (map units(s): landslide deposits)

10 Grantz, Arthur, 1961a, Geologic map and cross section of the Anchorage (D-2) quadrangle and northeastern most parts of the Anchorage (D-3) quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I- 342, scale 1:48,000. (map units(s): landslide deposits) -- , 1961b, Geologic map of the north two-thirds of Anchorage (D-l) quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map 1-343, scale 1:48,000. (map units(s): landslide deposits) Grantz, Arthur, Plafker, George, and Kachadoorian, Reuben, 1964, Alaska's Good Friday earthquake, March 27, 1964, a preliminary geologic evaluation: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 491, 35 p. Griggs, R.F., 1920, The great Mageik landslide: Ohio Journal of Science, v. 20, p. 325-354. Hackett, S.W., and Santeford, H.S., 1980, Avalanche zoning in Alaska, USA: Journal of Glaciology, v. 26, no. 94, p. 377-392. Hackman, R.J., 1965, Interpretation of Alaskan post-earthquake photographs: Photogrammetric Engineering, v. 31, p. 604-610. , 1968, Interpretation of Alaskan postearthquake photogaraphs, in National Research Council, The great Alaska earthquake of 1964 - hydrology, Part A: Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences, p. 40-46. Hamilton, T.D., 1978a, Surficial geology, Chandalar quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-878-A, scale 1:250,000. (map units(s): landslide deposits; flow-slide deposits; solifluction deposits) -, 1978b, Surficial geology, Philip Smith Mountains quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-879-A, scale 1:250,000. (map units(s): landslide deposits; flow-slide deposits; solifluction deposits) -, 1979a, Geologic road log, Alyeska Haul Road, Alaska, June - August 1975: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-227, 65 p. 4 pis. -, 1979b, Surficial geology, Chandler Lake quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-1121, scale 1:250,000. (map units(s): landslide deposits; flow-slide deposits; solifluction deposits) -, 1979c, Surficial geology, Wiseman quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-1122, scale 1:250,000. (map units(s): landslide deposits; flow-slide deposits; solifluction deposits)

11 Hamilton, T.D., 1980, Surficial geologic map, Killik River quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-1234, scale 1:250,000. (map units(s): landslide deposits; flow-slide deposits; solifluction deposits) , 1981, Surficial geology, Survey Pass quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-1320, scale 1:250,000. (map units(s): landslide deposits; flow-slide deposits; solifluction deposits; avalanche tracks and deposits) , 1984, Surficial geologic map, Ambler River quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-1678, scale 1:250,000. (map units(s)landslide deposits; flow-slide deposits; solifluction deposits; avalanche tracks and deposits) Hamilton, T.D., and Bauer, D.P., 1984, Engineering-geologic maps of northern Alaska - Howard Pass quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-401, scale 1:250,000. (map units(s): solifluction deposits) Hamilton, T.D., and Trexler, J.H., Jr., 1979, Analyses of surficial deposits central Brooks Range, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79- 228, 95 p. (see pages 25-28, 75) Hansen, H.C., 1950, Vegetation and soil profiles in some solifluction and mound areas in Alaska: Ecology, v. 31, p. 606-630. Hansen, W.R., 1965, Effects of the earthquakes of March 27, 1964, at Anchorage, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 542-A, p. 1-68. (landslides, page 30-67) , 1967, The Alaska earthquake of 1964: Nature v. 215, no. 5099, p. 348-351. , 1971, Effects at Anchorage, in National Research Council, The great Alaska earthquake of 1964 - geology, Part A: Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences, p. 289-356. , 1974, Some engineering geologic effects of the 1964 Alaska earthquake: Geologic de Eingenieur, p. 193-210. Hansen, W.R., and Eckel, E.B., 1971, Setting and effects of the earthquake, in National Research Council, The great Alaska earthquake of 1964 - geology, Part A: Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences, p. 5-43. Hansen, W.R., Eckel, E.B., Schaem, W.E., Lyle, R.E., George, W., and Chance, G., 1966, The Alaska earthquake March 27, 1964: field investigations and reconstruction effort: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 541, 111 p.

12 Harper, J.R., 1978a, Physical processes affecting the stability of tundra cliff coasts: Ph.D. thesis, Baton Rouge, Louisiana State University, 223 p. , 1978b, Coastal erosion rates along the Chukchi Sea coast near Barrow, Alaska: Arctic, v. 31, p. 428-431. Harrington, G.L., 1918, Anvik-Andreafski region, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 683, 70 p. (see pages 22, 55-56) Hartz, R.W., 1978, Erosional hazards of the Arctic coast of the National Petroleum Reserve, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78- 406, scale 1:500,000. Haug, S.L., 1985, Temperature and time effects on the closure of a gravel room in permafrost: Bulletin of the Association of Engineering Geologist, v. 22, no. 1, p. 53-65. (CRREL Tunnel, Fox, Alaska) Higgs, N.B., 1974, Slope stability along the trans-Alaska pipeline (abs.): Association of Engineering Geologists, annual meeting program abstracts, Denver, Colorado, no. 17, p. 27. Holmes, G.W., and Foster, H.L., 1968, Geology of the Johnson River area, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1249, 49 p. (map units(s): rock glaciers; rubble; colluvium, also refere to pages 35-40) Holmes, G.W., and Pewe, T.L., 1965, Geologic map of the Mount Hayes D-3 quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ- 366, scale 1:63,360. (map units(s): colluvium; rubble) Hopkins, D.M., 1977, Coastal processes and coastal erosional hazards to the Cape Krusenstern (Alaska) archaeological site: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-32, 14 p. Hopkins, D.M., and Hartz, R.W., 1978, Coastal morphology, coastal erosion, and barrier islands of the Beaufort Sea, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open- File Report 78-1063, 54 p. Hoyer, M.C., 1971, Puget Peak avalanche, Alaska: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 82, p. 1267-1284. Hume, J.D., Schalk, Marshall, and Hume, P.M., 1972, Short-term climatic changes and coastal erosion, Barrow, Alaska: Arctic, v. 25, no. 4, . p. 272-278. Johnson, A.M., 1962, Mudflows, frost action, and vegetation in northwestern Alaska (abs.), j_n_ Alaskan Science Conference, 12th, College, Alaska, 1961, Proceedings, p. 25-26.

13 Johnson, A.W., 1952, Frost action in roads and airfields: a review of the literature, 1765-1951: Washington, D.C., National Research Council, Highway Research Board Special Report No. 1. (discussion of permafrost and slope stability problems in Alaska) Johnson, K.M., 1978, Map showing slopes and selected geomorphic features, National Petroleum Reserve - Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-206, scale 1:500,000. Johnson, N.M., and Ragle, R.H., 1968, Analysis of flow characteristics of Alien II slide from aerial photographs, j£ National Research Council, The great Alaska earthquake of 1964 - hydrology, Part A: Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences, p. 369-373. Kachadoorian, Reuben, 1960a, Engineering geology of the Katalla area, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I- 308, scale 1:63,360. (map units(s): landslide deposits) , 1960b, Engineering and surficial geology of the Nenana-Rex area, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investiagions Series Map I- 307, scale 1:63,360. (comments: tabular text with terrain and natural slope description) , 1965, Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964 at Whittier, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 542-B, p. 1-21. (see pages 15-20) , 1968, Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964 on the Alaska Highway system: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 545-C, p. 1-66. (landslides, p. 26-27, avalanches, p. 27) -, 1971a, Effects at Whittier, in National Research Council, The great Alaska earthquake of 1964 - geology, Part A: Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences, p. 439-459. -, 1971b, Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964 on the Alaska Highway system, in National Research Council, The great Alaska earthquake of 1964 - geology, Part A: Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences, p. 641-704. --, 1971c, Preliminary engineering geologic maps of the proposed trans- Alaska pipeline route, Wiseman and Chandalar quadrangles: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 486, scale 1:250,000, 2 sheets, (map units(s): landslide deposits; soil slides) , 1971d, Preliminary engineering geologic maps of the proposed trans- Alaska pipeline route, Tanana and Livengood quadrangles: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 489, scale 1:250,000, 2 sheets, (map units(s): landslide deposits) Kachadoorian, Reuben, and Plafker, George, 1967, Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964 on the communities of Kodiak and nearby islands: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 542-F, p. 1-41.

14 Kachadoorian, Reuben, and Slater, W.H., 1978, Pillar Mountain landslide, Kodiak, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-217, 24 p., 2 pis. Karlstrom, T.N.V., 1965, Resume of the Quaternary geology of the upper Cook Inlet and Matanuska River valley, in Central and south-central Alaska, Vllth International Association for Quaternary Research, Guidebook for Field Conference F, p. 114-141. Keefer, O.K., 1984, Landslides caused by earthquakes: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 95, no. 4, p. 406-421; Discussion: Youd, T.L., 1985, v. 96, p. 1091-1094. Keefer, O.K., and Tannaci, N.E., 1981, Bibliography on landslides, soil 1iquiefaction, and related ground failures in selected historic earthquakes: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-572, 38 p. (Alaska: pages 12-13, 16-21) Kerr, P.F., and Drew, I.M., 1966, Quick-clay movements, Anchorage, Alaska (abs.): Geological Society of America Special Paper 87, p. 87-88. , 1968, Quick-clay slides in the U.S.A.: Engineering Geology, v. 2, no. 4, p. 215-238. Kline, J.T., 1977, Slope map of the southern Kenai Lowlands: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Open File Report 111-C, scale 1:63,360. , 1978, Slope map of the Talkeetna-Kashwitna area, Susitna River basin: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Open File Report 107-C, scale 1:63,360. , 1982, Surficial geology of the lower Pilgrim Valley and vicinity, western Seward Peninsula: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Open File Report 140, scale 1:63,360, 2 sheets, (map units(s): several colluvium map units) Krause, K.J., 1984, Photointerpretive map of morphological flood-plain deposits and material resources middle Kuskokwin River from Sleetmute to Kalskag: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Reports of Investigations 84-2, 4 p., scale 1:63,360, 5 sheets, (map units(s): colluvial deposits; colluvial landslide deposits) Krebs, P.V., Spence, J.P., Dean, K.G., and Rawlinson, S.E., 1979, Natural resource maps of south-central Alaska: Landforms and surficial deposits, geologic hazards, land cover: U.S. Bureau of Land Management Contract YA- 512-CY8-97, 83 p., Final report (user's guide).

15 Kreig, R.A., and Reger, R.D., eds., 1982, Airphoto analysis and summary of landform soil properties along the route of the trans-Alaska pipeline system: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Survey Report 66, 149 p. (map units(s): avalanche deposits; rock glaciers; slide deposits; mudflow deposits; solifluction deposits; silty solifluction deposits) Kunze, W.E., Sbarounis, J.A., and Amrhein, J.E., 1965, The March 27, 1964 Alaska Earthquake: Effects on structures in Anchorage: Chicago, 111., Portland Cement Association, 35 p. LaBell, J.C., 1984, Matanuska glacier and environs in Clardy, B.I., Hawley, P.T., and LaBell, J.C., Guide to the bedrock and glacial geology of the Glenn Highway, Anchorage to the Matanuska glacier and Matanuska coal mining district, Anchorage: Anchorage, Alaska Geological Society LaChapelle, E.R., 1968, The character of snow avalanching induced by the Alaska earthquake, in National Research Council, The great Alaska earthquake of 1964 - hydrology, Part A: Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences, p.355-361. Lawson, D.E., 1982, Mobilization, movement, and deposition of active subaerial sediment flows, Matanuska glacier, Alaska: Journal, of Geology, v. 90, p. 279-300. , 1983, Erosion of perennially frozen stream banks: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Hanover, N.H., Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL Report 83-29, 22 p. , 1984, Characteristics and mechanics of subaerial sediment flows within the glacial environment (abs.): Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 16, no. 6, p. 571. Lee, D.E., 1982, Photointerpretive map of the surficial geology of the north Fairbanks D-l and south Livengood A-l quadrangle: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Open File Report 156, scale 1:24,000, 5 sheets, (map units(s): undifferentiated landslide deposits) Leffingwell, E.deK., 1919, The Canning River region, northern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 109, 251 p. (see pages 201, 228) Leipold, L.E., and Wood, F.J., eds., 1967, The Prince William Sound, Alaska, earthquake of 1964 and aftershocks: U.S. Department of Commerce, Coast and Geodetic Survey Publication 10-3, 3 v. Lemke, R.W., 1967, Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964 at Seward, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 542-E, p. 1-43. (landslides, p. 28-33.) , 1971, Effects at Seward, in National Research Council, The great Alaska earthquake of 1964 - geology, Part A: Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences, p. 395-437.

16 Lemke, R.W., 1974, Reconnaissance engineering geology of the Wrangell area, Alaska, with empahsis on evaluation of earthquake and other geologic hazards: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 596, 103 p. , 1975, Reconnaissance engineering geology of the Ketchikan area, Alaska, with emphasis on evaluation of earthquake and other geologic hazards: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-250, 65 p. Lemke, R.W., and Yehle, L.A., 1972, Regional and other general factors bearing on evaluation of earthquake and other geological hazards to coastal communities of southeastern, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 516, 99 p. Lewellen, R.I., 1977, A study of Beaufort Sea coastal erosion, northern Alaska, in Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf, Annual Reports of Principal Investigators, March 1977, NOAA, Outer Contintental Shelf Environmental Assessment Program: Boulder, Colorado, v. 15, p. 491-527. Logan, M.H., 1967, Effect of the earthquake of March 27, 1964 on the Eklutna hydroelectric project, Anchorage, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 545-A, 30 p. Long, E.L., and George, Warren, 1967a, Turnagain slide stabilization, Anchorage, Alaska: American Society of Civil Engineers, Soil Mechanics and Foundation Division, Journal, v. 93, no. SM4, p. 611-627. -, 1967b, Buttress design earthquake-induced slides: American Society of Civil Engineers, Soil Mechanics and Foundation Division Journal, v. 93, no. SM4, p. 595-609. (Fourth Avenue slide, Anchorage, Alaska) , 1973, Earthslides and related phenomena, J£ National Research Council, The great Alaska earthquake of 1964 - engineering: Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences, p. 644-773. Lowe, P.C., Richter, D.H., Smith, R.L., and Schmoll, H.R., 1982, Geologic map of the Nabesna B-5 quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-1566, scale 1:63,360. (map units(s): landslide deposits; solifluction deposits) MacCarthy, G.R., 1953, Recent changes in the shoreline near Point Barrow, Alaska: Arctic, v. 6, no. 1, p. 44-51. MacKevett, E.M., Jr., 1965a, Preliminary geologic map of the McCarthy B-5 quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map 1-438, scale 1:63,360. (map units(s): landslide deposits) -, 1965b, Preliminary geologic map of the McCarthy C-6 quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map ! 444, scale 1:63,360. (map units(s): landslide deposits)

17 MacKevett, E.M., Jr., 1970a, Geologic map of the McCarthy C-4 quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-844, 8 p., scale 1:63,360. (map units(s): landslide deposits) -, 1970b, Geologic map of the McCarthy C-5 quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-899, scale 1:63,360. (map units(s): landslide deposits) -, 1972, Geologic map of the McCarthy C-6 quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-979, scale 1:63,360. (map units(s): landslide deposits) , 1974, Geologic map of the McCarthy B-5 quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-1146, scale 1:63,360. (map units(s): landslide deposits) MacKevett, E.M., Jr., Berg, H.C., Plafker, George, and Jones, D.L., 1964, Preliminary geologic map of the McCarthy C-4 quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map 1-423, scale 1:63,360. (map units(s): landslide deposits) MacKevett, E.M., Jr., and Smith, J.G., 1972, Geologic map of the McCarthy B-4 quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ- 943, scale 1:63,360. (map units(s): landslide deposits) Magoon, L.B., Adkinson, W.L., Chmelik, F.B., Dolton, G.L., Fisher, M.A., Hampton, M.A., Sable, E.G., and Smith, R.A., 1976, Hydrocarbon potential, geologic hazards, and infrastructure for exploration and development of the Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-449, 132 p. Marangunic, C.D., 1969, Effects of a landslide on the Sherman Glacier, Alaska (abs.): Dissertation Abstracts International, v. 30, no. 3, p. 1210B. Marangunic, C.D., and Bull, Colin, 1968, The landslide on the Sherman Glacier, in National Research Council, The great Alaska earthquake of 1964 - "hydrology, Part A: Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences, p. 383-394. March, G.D., 1981, Map of snow avalanche paths, Seward Highway: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Open File Report 128, scale 1:80,000, 5 sheets, (superseded by Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Professional Report 81). -, 1982a, Photointerpretive map of the surficial geology of the Skagway B- 1 quadrangle: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Open File Report 159, scale 1:63,360. (map units(s): landslide deposits)

18 March, G.D., 1982b, Photointerpretive map of the surficial geology of the Skagway B-2 quadrangle: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Open File Report 161, scale 1:63,360. (map units(s): landslide deposits) , 1983, Photointerpretive map of surficial geology of Skagway A-l quadrangle: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Report of Investigations 83-14, scale 1:63,360. (map units(s): landslide deposits) March, G.D., and Robertson, L.G., 1981, Slope map of part of the Seward Highway corridor: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Open File Report 129, scale 1:80,000, 5 sheets. , 1982, Snow avalanche atlas, Seward Highway, south-central Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Professional Report 81, 168 p. McCulloch, D.S., 1966, Slide-induced waves, seiching and ground fracturing caused by the earthquake of March 27, 1964 at Kenai Lake, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 543-A, p. 1-41. (see pages 3-24) , 1968, Slide-induced waves, seiching, and ground fracturing at Kenai Lake, in National Research Council, The great Alaska earthquake of 1964 hydrology, Part A: Washington, D.C. National Academy of Sciences, p. 47-81. McCulloch, D.S., and Bonilla, M.G., 1967, Railroad damage in the Alaska earthquake: American Society of Civil Engineers, Soil Mechanics and Foundation Division Journal v. 93, no. SM5, p. 89-100. , 1970, Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964 on the Alaska railroad: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 545-D, p.1-161. (landslides, p. 56-59, 72-80) , 1971, Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964 on the Alaska Railroad, j_n_ National Research Council, The great Alaska earthquake of 1964 - geology, Part A: Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences, p. 543-640. McGaw, R.W., Anderson, D.M., and Brown, Jerry, 1970, Bentonitic debris flows near Umiat, Alaska (abs.): American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 54, p. 2495. McSaveney, M.J., 1978, Sherman Glacier rock avalanche, Alaska, U.S.A., in Voight, Barry, ed., Rockslides and avalanches, 1) natural phenomena: New York, Elsevier, p. 197-258. Mendenhall, W.C., 1905, Geology of the central Copper River region, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 41, 133 p. (see pages 72-73)

19 Merritt, R.D., and Belowich, M.A., 1984, Coal geology and resources of the Matanuska valley: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Report of Investigations 84-24, 64 p., scale 1:100,000, 3 sheets, (map units(s): landslide deposits) Miller, D.J., 1955, Geology of the southeastern part of the Robinson Mountains, Yakataga distric, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 55-114, scale 1:48,000 (superseded by U.S. Geological Survey Oil and Gas Investigations Map OM-187). , 1957 Geology of the southeastern part of the Robinson Mountains, Yakataga distric, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Oil and Gas Investigations Map OM-187, scale 1:48,000. (comment: landdslide symbol) -, 1960a, Giant wave in Lituya Bay, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 354-C, 35 p. , 1960b, Giant wave in Lituya Bay: Seismological Society of America Bulletin, v. 50, no. 2, p. 253-266. , 1961, Geology of the Malaspina District, Gulf of Alaska Tertiary Province, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 208, scale 1:96,000. (comment: landslide symbol) , 1971, Geologic map of the Yakataga District, Gulf of Alaska Tertiary Province, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map 1-610, 6 p., scale 1:125,000. (map units(s): landslide symbol with direction of movement) Miller, D.J., and MacCall, R.S., 1964, Geologic map and sections of the northern part of the McCarthy A-4 quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map 1-410, scale 1:63,360. (map units(s): landslide deposits) Miller, R.D., 1972, Surficial geology of the Juneau urban area and vicinity, Alaska, with emphasis on earthquake and other geologic hazards: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 517, 108 p., 8 tables, scale 1:24,000. -, 1973, Two diamictons in a landslide scarp on Admiralty Island, Alaska, and the tectonic insignificance of an intervening peat bed: U.S. Geological Survey Journal of Research, v. 1, no. 3, p. 309-314. -, 1975, Surficial geologic map of the Juneau urban area and vicinity, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I- 885, scale 1:48,000. (map units(s): landslide deposits; debris-flow deposits; rock-slide avalanche deposits)

20 Miller, R.D., and Dobrovolny, Ernest, 1960, Surficial geology of Anchorage and vicinity, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1093, 128 p., scale 1:63,360, 10 pis. (comment: shaded area where surface has been affected by landslides, slumps, or flows) Mitchell, J.K., Houston, W.N., and Yamane, G., 1973, Sensitivity and geotechnical properties of Bootlegger Cove clay, in National Research Council, The great Alaska earthquake of 1964 - engineering: Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences, p. 157-178. Moffit, F.H., and Capps, S.R., 1911, Geology and mineral resources of the Nizina district Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 448, 111 p. (see pages 51-59) Moffit, F.H., and Mertie, J.B., Jr., 1923, The Kotsina-Kuskulana district, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 745, 149 p. (see pages 10-11 27, 38, 53, 80-81) Molnia, B.F., Bingham, M.P., and Rappeport, M.L., 1985, Bathymetric map of the Alsek sediment instability area, northeastern Gulf of Alaska: United States Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map 1-1364, scale 1:10,000. Molnia, B.F., Carlson, P.R., and Bruns, T.R., 1977, Large submarine slide in Kayak trough, Gulf of Alaska, in Coates, D.R., ed., Reviews in engineering geology: Geological Society of America v. 3, p. 137-148. Moore, G.W., 1982, Offshore survey of the Pillar Mountain landslide, Kodiak, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-960, 12 p. Moore, G.W., Page, R.A., and Lahr, J.C., 1980, Earthquake potential and ground motions for the Pillar Mountain landslide, Kodiak, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-1129, 19 p. Morrison, L.L., 1968, Procedures and problems of highway soils engineering on loessial terrain in Alaska: Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences, Highway Research Record no. 212, p. 33-38. Nelson, S.W., and Grybeck, Donald, 1980, Geologic map of the Survey Pass quadrangle, Brooks Range, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-1176-A, scale 1:250,000, 2 sheets, (map units(s): landslide deposits) Nelson, S.W., and Reed, B.L., 1978, Surficial deposits map of the Talkeetna quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-870-J, scale 1:250,000. (map units(s): landslide deposits) New York Times, 1936a, Alaska slide toll rises to 14 (Juneau): New York Times, Sunday November 29, 1936. , 1936b, A hillside descends on a town in Alaska (Juneau): New York Times, Sunday, December 6, 1936.

21 Nichols, D.R., 1960, Slump structures in Pleistocene lake sediments, Copper River Basin, Alaska, in Short papers in the geological sciences 1960: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 400-B, p. 353-354. Nichols, D.R., and Yehle, L.A., 1961, Highway construction and maintenance problems in permafrost regions: Symposium on Geology as Applied to Highway Engineering, 12th, Knoxville, Tennessee, Proceedings, University of Tennesse, Engineering Experiment Station Bulletin 24, p. 19-29. , 1969, Engineering geologic map of the southeastern Copper River Basin, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I- 524, scale 1:125,000. (comments: tabular text with terrain and natural slope description) , 1985, Volcanic debris flows, Copper River Basin, Alaska: International Conference and Field Workshop on Landslides, 4th, Tokyo, Japan, Proceedings, p. 365-372. Nokleberg, W.J., Albert, N.R.D., Bond, G.C., Herzon, P.L., Miyaoka, R.T., Nelson, W.H., Richter, D.H., Smith, T.E., Stout, J.H., Yeend, Warren, and Zehner, R.E., 1982, Geologic map of the southern part of Mount Hayes quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-52, 26 p., scale 1:250,000. (map units(s): landslide deposits) Nye, C.J., Queen, L.D., and Motyka, R.J., 1984, Geologic map of the Makushin geothermal area, Unalaska Island: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Report of Investigations 84-3, scale 1:63,360, 2 sheets, (map units(s): landslide deposits) O'Nesti, L.J., 1983, Slushflow activity in the Atigun Pass area, in Brown, Jerry, and Kreig, R.A., eds., Elliott and Dalton Highways, Fox to Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, Guidebook to Permafrost and related features: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, p. 159-162. O'Nesti, L.J., and Reger, R.D., 1980, Slush flows; some observations, central Brooks Range, Alaska (abs.): Eos, American Geophysical Union Transactions, v. 61, no. 46, p. 963. Patric, J.H., and Swanston, D.N., 1968, Hydrology of a slide-prone glacial till soil in southeast Alaska: Journal of Forestry, v. 62, no. 6. Pessel, G.H., Henning, M.W., and Burns, I.E., 1981, Preliminary geologic map of parts of the Anchorage C-l, C-2, D-l, and D-2 quadrangles: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Open File Report 121, scale 1:63,360. (map units(s): landslide deposits) Pewe, T.L., 1958, Geology of the Fairbanks D-2 quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-110, scale 1:63,360. (comments: tabular text with bearing strength and slope stability description)

22 Pewe, T.L., 1964, Good Friday earthquake, Alaska: Geotimes, v. 8, no. 8, p. 9-10. -, 1965a, Resume of the Quaternary geology of the Fairbanks area, in Central and south-central Alaska, Vllth International Association for Quaternary Research, Guidebook for Field Conference F, p. 6-36. , 1965b, Resume of the Quaternary geology of the middle Tanana River Valley, in Central and south-central Alaska, Vllth International Association for Quaternary Research, Guidebook for Field Conference F, p. 36-55. , 1965c, Resume of Quaternary geology of the Delta River area, Alaska Range, in Central and south-central Alaska, Vllth International Association for Quaternary Research, Guidebook for Field Conference F, p. 55-93. , 1968, Introduction to avalanches on glaciers and the effects of snows!ides in National Research Council, The great Alaska earthquake of 1964 - hydrology, Part A: Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences, p.351-354. -, 1970, Altiplanation terraces of early Quaternary age near Fairbanks, Alaska: Acta Geographica Lodziensia, no. 24, p. 357-363. , 1982, Geologic hazards of the Fairbanks area, Alaska: Alaska Geological and Geophysical Surveys Special Report 15, 109 p. Pewe, T.L., and Holmes, G.W., 1964, Geology of the Mount Hayes D-4 quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I- 394, scale 1:63,360. (comments: tabular text with bearing strenght and slope stability descriptions) Pewe, T.L., and Reger, R.D., 1974, Cryoplanation terraces - indicators of permafrost environment (abs.): Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 6, no. 7, p. 911. Pewe, T.L., and Rivard, N.R., 1961, Geologic map and section of the Fairbanks D-3 quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map 1-340, scale 1:63,360. (comments: tabular text with bearing strength and slope stability descriptions) Pewe, T.L., Wahrhaftig, Clyde, and Weber, Florence, 1966, Geologic map of the Fairbanks quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map 1-455, 5 p., scale 1:250,000. (map units(s): landslide deposits) Phukan, Arvind, 1983, Long-term creep deformation of roadway embankment on ice-rich permafrost, in Permafrost International Conference, 4th, Fairbanks, Alaska, 1983, Proceedings: Washington, D.C., National Academy Press, p. 994-999.

23 Plafker, George, 1967, Surface faults on Montague Island associated with the 1964 Alaska earthquake: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 543-G, p. 1-42, scale 1:31,680. Plafker, George, 1968, Source areas of the Shattered Peak and Pyramid Peak landslides at Sherman Glacier, in National Research Council, The great Alaska earthquake of 1964 - hydrology, Part A: Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences, p. 374-382. , 1974, Preliminary geologic map of Kayak and Wingham Islands, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-82, scale 1:31,680. (map units(s): landslide deposits) Plafker, George, Bruns, T.R., and Page, R.A., 1975, Interim report on petroleum resource potential and geologic hazards in the outer shelf of the Gulf of Alaska Tertiary Province: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-592, 74 p. Plafker, George, Bruns, T.R., Carlson, P.R., Molnia, B.F., Scott, E.W., Kahler, Rodger, and Wilson, Charles, 1978, Petroleum potential, geologic hazards, and technology for exploration in the Outer Continental Shelf of the Gulf of Alaska Tertiary Province: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-490, 50 p. Plafker, George, Grantz, Arthur, Kachadoorian, Reuben, Mayo, L.R., and Gryc, George, 1965, Geologic effects of the Good Friday earthquake in southern Alaska (abs.): Geological Society of America Special Paper 82, p. 361. , 1972, Geophysical hazards investigation for the City and Borough of Juneau, Alaska: Corvallis, Oregon, U.S. Forest Service Laboratory, Report to the City of Juneau, 50 p. Plafker, George, and Kachadoorian, Reuben, 1966, Geologic effects of the March 1964 earthquake and associated seismic sea waves on Kodiak and nearby islands, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 543-D, p. 1-46. (see pages 18-23) , 1971, Geologic effects on the Kodiak Island area, in National Research Council, The great Alaska earthquake of 1964 - geology, Part A: Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences, p. 177-226. Plafker, George, Kachadoorian, Reuben, Eckel, E.B., and Mayo, L.R., 1969, Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964 on various communities: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 542-G, p. 1-50. , 1971, Effects on various communities, in National Research Council, The great Alaska earthquake of 1964 - geology, Part A: Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences, p. 489-538. Plafker, George, and Mayo, L.R., 1965, Tectonic deformation, subaqueous slides and destructive waves associated with the Alaskan March 27, 1964, earthquake: An interim geologic evaluation: U.S. Geological Survey Open- File Report 65-124, 18 p.

24 Post, Austin, 1967, Effects of the March 1964 Alaska earthquake on glaciers: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 544-D, p. 1-42. (covers snow, ice, and rock-slide avalanches) Post, Austin, 1968, Effects on glaciers, j£ National Research Council, The great Alaska earthquake of 1964 - hydrology, Part A: Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences, p. 266-308. Prior, D.B., Ho, C., 1970, Bentonite landslides: Science, v. 167, p. 1014-1015. (northern Alaska) Ragle, R.H., Sater, J.E., and Field, W.O., 1965a, Effects of the 1964 Alaskan earthquake on glaciers and related features: Arctic, v. 18, no. 2, p. 135-137. , 1965b, Effects of the 1964 Alaskan earthquake on glaciers and related features: Washington, D.C., Arctic Institute of North America Research Paper 32, p. 31-42. Reanier, R.E., and Ugolini, F.C., 1983, Gelifluction deposits as sources of paleoenvironmental information, in Permafrost International Conference, 4th, Fairbanks, Alaska, 1983, Proceedings: Washington, D.C., National Academy Press, p. 1042-1047. Reed, B.L., and Nelson, S.W., 1977, Geologic map of the Talkeetna quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Series Map MF-870-A, scale 1:250,000. (superseded by U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map 1-1174). (map units(s): landslide deposits) , 1980, Geologic map of the Talkeetna quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map 1-1174, 15 p., scale 1:250,000. (map units(s): landslide deposits) Reeder, J.W., 1974, Bluff instability in Anchorage, Alaska: Stanford, California, M.S. thesis, 44 p., 4 appendices. -, 1979a, The dating of landslides in Anchorage Alaska - a case for earthquake triggered movements (abs.): Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 11, no. 7, p. 501. , 1979b, The dating of landslide movements in Anchorage Alaska based on dendrochronology (abs.): Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 11, no. 3, p. 124. Reger, R.D., 1975, Cryoplanation terraces of interior and western Alaska: Tempe, Arizona State University, Ph.D. dissertation 326 p. , 1979a, Slushflows, a widespread natural hazard in alpine northern and western Alaska: Alaskan Science Conference, 13th, Juneau, Alaska, 1979, Proceedings, p. 40-41.

25 Reger, R.D., 1979b, Bluff Point landslide, a massive ancient rock failure near Homer, Alaska, in Short notes on Alaskan geology - 1978: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Geologic Report 61, p. 5-9. Reger, R.D., and Carver, C.L., 1978, Reconnaissance geology of the new capital site and vicinity, Anchorage quadrangle: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Open File Report 113A, scale 1:63,360. (map units(s): landslide deposits) Reger, R.D., and Pewe, T.L., 1976, Cryoplanation terraces: indicators of a permafrost environment: Quaternary Research, v. 6, no. 1, p. 99-109. Reid, J.R., 1969, Effects of a debris slide on Sioux Glacier, south-central Alaska: Journal of Glaciology, v. 8, no. 54, p. 353-367. Reimnitz, Erk, 1972, Effects in the Copper River delta, in National Research Council, The great Alaska earthquake of 1964 - oceanography and coastal engineering: Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences, p. 290-302. Reimnitz, Erk, and Marshall, N.F., 1965, Effects of the Alaska earthquake and tsunami on recent deltaic sediments: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 70, no. 10, p. 2363-2375. , 1971, Effects of the earthquake and tsunami on recent deltaic sediments, in National Research Council, The great Alaska earthquake of 1964 - geology, Part A: Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences, p. 265-278. Reimnitz, Erk, and Maurer, O.K., 1979, Effects of storm surges on the Beaufort Sea coast, northern Alaska: Arctic, v. 32, no. 4, p. 329-344. Reiser, H.N., Detterman, R.L., Dutro, J.T., Jr., and Brosge, W.P., 1971, Preliminary geologic map Mt. Michelson quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 71-237, scale 1:200,000. (map units(s): landslide deposits) Richter, D.H., 1971a, Reconnaisance geologic map and section of the Nabesna A- 3 quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map 1-655, scale 1:63,360. (map units(s): landslide deposits; undifferentiated slope deposits; rock glaciers) -, 1971b, Reconnaisance geologic map and section of the Nabesna B-4 quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map 1-656, scale 1:63,360. (map units(s): landslide deposits; undifferentiated slope deposits; rock glaciers) -, 1972, Reconnaissance geologic map of the Nabesna A-4 quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-313, scale 1:63,360. (superseded by U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map 1-789) (map units(s): landslide deposits; solifluction deposits)

26 Richter, D.H., 1973, Reconnaissance geologic map of the Nabesna A-4 quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map 1-789, scale 1:63,360. (map units(s): landslide deposits; solifluction deposits) -, 1975a, Reconnaissance geologic map of the Nabesna B-3 quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigation Survey Series Map 1-904, scale 1:63,360. (map units(s): landslide deposits) , 1975b, Geologic map of the Nabesna quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-665-A, scale 1:250,000. (superseded by U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map 1-932) (map units(s): landslide deposits) , 1976, Geologic map of the Nabesna quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigation Survey Series Map 1-932, scale 1:250,000. (map units(s): landslide deposits) Richter, D.H., and Jones, D.L., 1973, Reconnaissance geologic map of the Nabesna A-2 quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map 1-749, scale 1:63,360. (map units(s): landslide deposits; solifluction deposits) Richter, D.H., and Matson, N.A., Jr., 1976, Geologic map of the Nabesna C-4 quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ- 1303, scale 1:63,360. (map units(s): landslide deposits) Richter, D.H., Matson, N.A., Jr., and Schmoll, H.R., 1973, Reconnaissance geologic map of the Nabesna A-l quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map 1-807, scale 1:63,360. (map units(s): landslide deposits; solifluction deposits) Richter, D.H., and Schmoll, H.R., 1973, Geologic map of the Nabesna C-5 quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ- 1062, scale 1:63,360. (map units(s): landslide deposits; mass-wasting deposits) Richter, D.H., Sharp, W.N., Dutro, J.T., Jr., and Hamilton, W.B., 1977, Geologic map of parts of the Mount Hayes A-l and A-2 quadrangles, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I 1031, scale 1:63,360. (map units(s): landslide deposits) Richter, D.H., and Smith, R.L., 1976, Geologic map of the Nabesna A-5 quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ- 1292, scale 1:63,360. (map units(s): solifluction deposits)

27 Richter, D.H., Smith, R.L., Yehle, L.A., and Miller, T.P., 1979, Geologic map of the Gulkana A-2 quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-1520, scale 1:63,360. (map units(s): landslide deposits) Riehle, J.R., 1977, Photointerpretation map of coastal surficial geology, Fox River to English Bay: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Open File Report 110, scale 1:63,360. (map units(s): landslide deposits) , 1978, Preliminary photointerpretation map of the surficial geology from Rude River to Valdez Arm: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Open File Report 115, scale 1:63,360. (map units(s): landslide scarps and deposits; rock glaciers, protalus lobes or sheets) Riehle, J.R., and Emmel, K.S., 1980, Photointerpretation map of the surficial geology, Polly Creek to McArthur River, Cook Inlet: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Geologic Report 64, scale 1:63,360, 2 sheets. (map units(s): landslide, slumps, slides, etc., mudflow and debris flow; deposits of protalus ramparts) Riehle, J.R., Emmel, K.S., and Bolm, J.G., 1981, Reconnaissance report on surficial geology of the coastal area from Tolstoi Point to Cape Nome, Norton Sound: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Open File Report 125, 24 p., scale 1:63,360, 3 sheets, (map units(s): landslide deposits) Ritchie, W., and Walker, H.J., 1974, River bank forms of the Colville River Delta, in Reed, J.C., and Sater, J.E., eds., The coast and shelf of the Beaufort Sea: Washington, D.C., Arctic Institute of North America, p. 545-562. R & M Consultants, Inc., 1982, Final report Pillar Mountain slope stability study: Anchorage, Alaska, R & M Consultants Inc., 69 p., 4 appendices. (Report prepared for the City of Kodiak, Alaska) Roberts, Elliott, 1960, The day the bay ran over (Lituya Bay): U.S. Naval Institute, Proceedings, v. 86, no. 5, p. 62-66. Schaff, R.G., and Updike, R.G., 1984, Lessons learned - and not learned - from the 1964 Alaskan earthquake (abs.): Seismological Society of America, Earthquake Notes, v. 55, no. 1, p. 18. Schmidt, R.A.M., 1964, Geology in a hurry: Geotimes (October) p. 13-15 Schmidt, R.A.M., Bedford, B., Calderwood, K.W., Ganopole, Gerald, Hamilton, J.A., Helmuth, D.N., Moening, H.J., and Richter, D.H., 1965a, Earthquake- triggered landslides in the Anchorage area, March 27, 1964: Alaskan Science Conference, 15th, College, Alaska, 1965, Proceedings, 1964, p. 239-252.

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38 Wilson, S.D., 1967, Landslides in the city of Anchorage, in Wood, F.J., ed., The Prince William Sound, Alaska, earthquake of 1964 and aftershocks: U.S. Department of Commerce, Environmental Science Services Administration, Coast and Geodetic Survey Publication 10-3, v. 2, pt. A., p. 253-297. Winkler, G.R., and MacKevett, E.M., Jr., 1981, Geologic map of the McCarthy C- 7 quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ- 1533, scale 1:63,360. (map units(s): landslide deposits) Winkler, G.R., and Plafker, George, 1981, Geologic map and cross sections of the Cordova and Middleton Island quadrangles, southern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1164, 26 p., scale 1:250,000. (map units(s): landslide deposits) Wu, T.H., 1976, Investigation of landslides on Prince of Wales Island, Alaska: Columbus, Ohio State University, Department of Civil Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering Report 5. , 1984, Soil movements on permafrost slopes near Fairbanks, Alaska: Canadian Geotechnical Journal v. 21, no. 4, p. 699-709. Wu, T.H., McKinnell, W.P., III., and Swanston, D.H., 1979, Strength of tree roots and landslides on Prince of Wales Island, Alaska: Canadian Geotechnical Journal, v. 16, no. 1 p. 19-33. Wu, T.H., and Swanston, D.N., 1980, Risk of landslides in shallow soils and its relation to clearing in southeastern Alaska: Forestry Science, v. 26, p. 495-510. Yeend, Warren, 1973a, Preliminary geologic map of a prospective transportation route from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, to Canadian border, Part I, Beechey Point and Sagavanirktok quadrangles: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-489, scale 1:125,000, 2 sheets, (map unit(s): recent landslide deposits) , 1973b, Preliminary geologic map of a prospective transportation route from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, to Canadian border, Part II, Mount Michelson quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF- 494, scale 1:125,000, 2 sheets, (map unit(s): recent landslide deposits) , 1973c, Preliminary geologic map of a prospective transportation route from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, to Canadian border, Part V, Coleen quadrangle (north half): U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF- 502, scale 1:125,000, 2 sheets, (map unit(s): solifluction mantle) -, 1983, Engineering-geologic maps of northern Alaska, Lookout Ridge quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-279, scale 1:250,000, 2 sheets, (map units(s): debris slides; solifluction mantle)

39 Yeend, Warren, 1984, Engineering-geologic maps of northern Alaska, Utukok River quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-682, scale 1:250,000, 2 sheets, (map units(s): debris slides; solifluction mantle) Yeend, Warren, and Brosge, W.P. 1973a, Preliminary geologic map of a prospective transportation route from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, to Canadian border, Part III, Arctic quadrangle (north half): U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-501, scale 1:125,000, 2 sheets, (map unit(s): recent landslide deposits; solifluction mantle) , 1973b, Preliminary geologic map of a prospective transportation route from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska to Canadian border, Part IV, Arctic and Table Mountain quadrangles: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-522, 2 sheets, scale 1:125,000. (map unit(s): solifluction mantle) Yehle, L.A., 1974, Reconnaissance engineering geology of Sitka and vicinity, Alaska with emphasis on evaluation of earthquake and other geologic hazards: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-53, 104 p1 » scale 1:9,600. , 1975, Preliminary report on the reconnaissance engineering geology of the Yakutat area, Alaska, with emphasis on evaluation of earthquake and other geologic hazards: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-529, 136 p. , 1977, Reconnaissance engineering geology of the Metlakatla area, Annette Island, Alaska, with emphasis on evaluation of earthquake and other geologic hazards: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-272, 93 p. -, 1978, Reconnaissance engineering geology of the Petersburg area, southeastern Alaska, with emphasis on geologic hazards: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-675, 92 p. -, 1979, Reconnaissance engineering geology of the Yakutat area, Alaska, with empahsis on evaluation of earthquake and other geologic hazards: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1074, 44 p. -, 1980, Preliminary surficial geologic map of the Valdez C-l quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-1132, scale 1:63,360. (map units(s): landslide deposits; volcanic debris flow) , 1981, Preliminary surficial geologic map of the Valdez B-l quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-1364, scale 1:63,360. (map units(s): landslide deposits; volcanic debris flow) Yehle, L.A., and Lemke, R.W., 1972, Reconnaissance engineering geology of the Skagway area, Alaska, with emphasis on evaluation of earthquake and other geologic hazards: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 108 p., 2 pis.

40 Yehle, L.A., and Nichols, D.R., 1980, Reconnaissance map and description of the Chetaslina volcanic debris-flow (new name) southwestern Copper River basin and adjacent areas, south-central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-1209, scale 1:250,000. (map units(s): volcanic debris flow) Yehle, L.A., Schmoll, H.R., and Chleborad, A.F., 1983a, Preliminary surficial geologic map of the southwestern part of the Tyonek B-5 quadrangle, south- central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-1661-B, scale 1:31,680. (map units(s): landslide deposits; block-slide deposits; fragmented block- slide deposits; slump deposits; debris flow) , 1983b, Preliminary surficial geologic map of the southeastern part of the Tyonek B-5 quadrangle, south-central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-1661-C, scale 1:31,680. (map units(s): landslide deposits; block-slide deposits; fragmented block- slide deposits; slump deposits; debris flow) Yehle, L.A., Schmoll, H.R., and Gardner, C.A., 1983, Preliminary surficial geologic map of the northern part of the Tyonek B-5 quadrangle, south- central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-1661-A, scale 1:31,680. (map units(s): landslide deposits; block-slide deposits; fragmented block- slide deposits; slump deposits; debris flow) Youd, T.L., 1978, Major cause of earthquake damage is ground failure: Civil Engineering, v. 48, no. 4, p. 47 51. (photograph on page 50) Youd, T.L., and Perkins, D.M., 1978, Mapping liquefaction-induced ground failure potential: American Society of Civil Engineers Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, v. 104, no. GT4, p. 433-446. Zenone, Chester, 1974, Geology and water resources of the Girdwood - Alyeska area, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 24 p. (see pages 6-7). Ziemer, R.R., and Swanston, D.N., 1977, Root strength changes after logging in southeast Alaska: Portland, Oregon, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, U.S. Forest Service Research Note PNW-306, 9 p.

41 Appendix A Selected Canadian References Broscoe, A.J., and Thomson, S., 1969, Observations on an alpine mud flow, Steele Creek, Yukon: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences v. 6, no. 2, p. 219-229. Clauge, J.J., 1981, Landslide at the south end of Kluane Lake, Yukon Territory: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences v. 18, no. 5, p. 959-971. Eisbacher, G. H., 1980, Debris torrents across the Alaska Highway near Muncho Lake, northern British Columbia: Geological Survey of Canada Paper 80-1C, p. 29-36. Eisbacher, G.H., and Clague, J.J., 1981, Urban landslides in the vicinity of Vancouver, British Columbia, with special reference to the December 1979 rainstorm: Canadian Geotechnical Journal, v. 18, no. 2, p. 205-216. Eisbacher, G.H., and Clague, J.J., 1984, Destructive mass movements in high mountains: hazard and management: Geological Survey of Canada Paper 84-16, 230 p. Evans, S.G., 1982, Landslides and surficial deposits in urban areas of British Columbia: a review: Canadian Geotechnical Journal, v. 19, no. 3, p. 269-306. Hungr, 0., and Evans, S.G., 1985, An example of a peat flow near Prince Rupert, British Columbia: Canadian Geotechnical Journal, v. 22, no. 2, p. 246-248. Hungr, 0., Morgan, G.S., and Kellerhals, R., 1984, Quantitative analysis of debris torrent hazards for design of remedial measures: Canadian Geotechnical Journal, v. 21, no. 4, p. 663-677. Lambert, J.D.H., 1972, Plant succession on tundra mudflows: preliminary observations: Arctic, v. 25, no. 2, p. 99-106. McRoberts, E.C., and Morgenstern, N.R., 1974, The stability of thawing slopes: Canadian Geotechnical Journal, v. 11, no. 4, p. 447-469. McRoberts, E.C., and Morgenstern, N.R., 1974, Stability of slopes in frozen soil, Mackenzie Valley, N.W.T.: Canadian Geotechnical Journal, v. 11, no. 4, p. 554-573. Mokievsky-Zubok, 0., 1977, Glacier-caused slide near Pylan Peak, British Columbia: Canadian Journal of Earth Science, v. 14, no. 11, p. 2657-2662. Mollard, J.D., 1977, Regional landslide types in Canada, jm Coates, D.R., ed., Reviews in Engineering Geology, v. 3, Geological Society of America, p. 29-56. Moore, D.P., and Mathews, W.H., 1978, The Rubble Creek landslide, southwestern British Columbia: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 15, no. 7, p. 1039-1052.

42 Peckover, F.L., and Kerr, J.W.G., 1977, Treatment and maintenance of rock slopes on transportation routes: Canadian Geotechnical Journal, v. 14, no. 4, p. 487-507. Piteau, D.R. 1977, Regional slope-stability controls and engineering geology of the Fraser Canyon, British Columbia, in Coates, D.R., ed., Reviews in Engineering Geology, v. 3, Geological Society of America, p. 85-111. Price, L.W., 1973, Rates of mass wasting in the Ruby Range, Yukon Territory, in Permafrost Second International Conference, North American Contribution, p. 235-245, National Academey of Sciences Raup, H.M., and Denny, C.S., 1950, Photo-interpretation of the terrain along the southern part of the Alaska Highway: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 963-D, p. 95-135. Raymond, G.P., 1969, Construction method and stability of embankments on muskeg: Canadian Geotechnical Journal, v. 6, no. 1, p. 81-96. Rogers, G.C., 1980, A documentation of soil failure during the British Columbia earthquake of 23 June, 1946: Canadian Geotechnical Journal, v. 17, no. 1, p. 122-127. VanDine, D.F., 1983, Drynoch landslide, British Columbia - a history: Canadian Geotechnical Journal, v. 20, no. 1, p, 82-103. , 1985, Debris flows and debris torrents in the southern Canadian Cordillera: Canadian Geotechnical Journal, v. 22, no. 1, p. 44-68; Discussion: Bovis, M.J., Dagg, Bruce, and Kaye Derek, 1985, v. 22, no. 4, p. 608; VanDine, D.F., 1985, v. 22, no. 4, p. 609.

43 Appendix B References indexed by quadrangle (page number follows reference)

AMBLER RIVER ANCHORAGE (cont.) Hamilton 1984 ...... 12 Long and George 1967b ...... 17 Long and George 1973 ...... 17 ADAK March 1981 ...... 18 March and Simmons and Robertson 1981 ...... 19 Mathewson 1955 ,31 March and Robertson 1982 ...... 19 ANCHORAGE McCulloch and Bonilla 1967 ...... 19 Barnes 1962 ...... 1 McCulloch and Barnes and Payne 1956 ...... 1 Bonilla 1970 ...... 19 Berg and Stratta 1964...... 1 Merritt and Burns and others 1983 ...... 3 Belowich 1984 ...... 20 Oavidson and Miller and Hackett 1980 ...... 6 Dobrovolny 1960 ...... 21 Detterman and Mitchell and others 1976 ...... 6 others 1973 ...... 21 Dobrovolny 1971 ...... 7 Pessel and others 1981 .....22 Dobrovolny and Plafker and others 1969 ....24 Schmoll 1974 ...... 7 Ragle and others 1965a .....25 Eckel 1967 ...... 7 Ragle and others 1965b .....25 Eng. Evaluation Reeder 1974 ...... 25 Group 1964 ...... 8 Reeder 1979a ...... 25 Ferrians 1966...... 8 Reeder 1979b...... 25 Ferrians and others 1983 ....9 Reger and Carver 1978...... 26 Foster and Schmidt and others 1965a ...28 Karlstrom 1966 ...... 9 Schmidt and others 1965b ...29 Freethey 1976 ...... 10 Schmoll and Ganopole 1964 ...... 10 Dobrovolny 1971 ...... 29 Grantz 1961a ...... 11 Schmoll and Grantz 1961b ...... 11 Dobrovolny 1972a...... 29 Hansen 1965 ...... 12 Schmoll and Hansen 1971 ...... 12 Dobrovolny 1972b...... 29 Hansen and others 1966 .....12 Schmoll and others 1980.....29 Kachadoorian 1968 ...... 14 Schmoll and others 1971.....29 Kachadoorian 1971b...... 14 Schmoll and Emanuel 1981....29 Karlstrom 1965 ...... 15 Seed 1979...... 29 Kerr and Drew 1966 ...... 15 Seed and Wilson 1967...... 30 Kerr and Drew 1968...... 15 Seed and Wilson 1973...... 30 Kunze and others 1965...... 16 Shannon and Wilson 1964b....30 La Bell 1984 ...... 16 Shannon and Wilson 1964c....30 La Chapelle 1968 ...... 16 Shannon and Wilson 1964d....30 Lawson 1982 ...... 16 Shannon and Wilson 1964e....30 Lawson 1984 ...... 16 Stanley 1968...... 31 Leipold and Wood 1967 ...... 16 State of Alaska 1964...... 31 Logan 1967 ...... 17 Stuart 1965...... 31 Long and George 1967a...... 17

44 ANCHORAGE (cont.) BARTER ISLAND Thomson and Quong 1977...... 32 Hopkins and Hartz 1978 .....13 Thompson 1960...... 32 Tocher 1960...... 32 BEAVER Ulery and Updike 1983...... 33 US Army 1979...... 33 Brosgi and US House of Rep. 1913...... 33 others 1973 ...... 2 Updike 1982...... 34 Waller 1957 ...... 36 Updike 1983a...... 34 Williams 1952 ...... 38 Updike 1983b...... 34 Updike 1983C...... 34 BEECHEY POINT Updike 1984a...... 34 Updike 1984b...... 34 Ferrians 1971a ...... 8 Updike 1984c...... 34 Hopkins and Hartz 1978 .....13 Updike and others 1984...... 34 Yeend 1973a...... 39 Updike and others 1982...... 34 Updike and Oscarson 1984....34 BENDELEBEN Updike and Schmoll 1984.....34 Updike and Schmoll 1985.....34 Kline 1982 ...... 15 Updike and Ulery 1983...... 35 Updike and Ulery 1984...... 35 BERING GLACIER Updike and others 1983...... 35 Updike and others 1984...... 35 Brabb and Miller 1962 ...... 2 Varnes 1968...... 35 Lemke 1974 ...... 17 Varnes 1969...... 35 Miller 1955 ...... 20 Voight 1973...... 35 Miller 1961 ...... 20 Waller 1966b...... 37 Miller 1971 ...... 20 Waller 1966c...... 37 Tysdal and others 1976a ....33 Waring 1936...... 37 Williams 1985...... 38 Big Delta Williams and Ferrians 1961...... 38 Wilson 1967...... 39 Pew£ 1965C...... 23 Zenone 1974...... 41 CHANDALAR ARCTIC Hamilton 1978a ...... 11 Yeend and Brosg6 1973a .40 Kachadoorian 1971c ...... 14 Yeend and Brosg6 1973b, ,40 CHANDLER LAKE BARROW Hamilton 1979b ...... 11 Black 1969 ...... 2 Harper 1978a ...... 13 CHIGNIK Harper 1978b ...... 13 Hartz 1978 ...... 13 Detterman and Hopkins and Hartz 1978 .....13 others 1981 ...... 6 Hume and others 1972 ...... 13 Johnson 1978 ...... 14 COLEEN Lewellen 1977 ...... 17 MacCarthy 1953 ...... 17 Yeend 1973c...... 39 Williams and Carter 1984 ...38

45 CORDOVA FAIRBANKS (cont.) Bull and Marangunic 1966 ....2 Pewe and others 1966 ...... 23 Bull and Marangunic 1968 ....3 Phukan 1983 ...... 23 Eckel 1967 ...... 7 Wu 1984 ...... 39 Hansen and others 1966 .....12 Kachadoorian 1960a ...... 14 FLAXMAN ISLAND Leipold and Wood 1967 ...... 16 Marangunic 1969 ...... 18 Hopkins and Hartz 1978 .....13 Marangunic and Bull 1968 ...18 Miller 1955 ...... 20 GULKANA Miller 1957 ...... 20 Miller 1961 ...... 20 Ferrians 1966 ...... 8 Miller 1971 ...... 20 Ferrians and others 1958 ....9 Plafker 1968 ...... 24 Ferrians and Plafker 1974 ...... 24 Nichols 1965...... 9 Plafker and others 1969 ....24 Ferrians and others 1983 ....9 Ragle and others 1965a .....25 Kachadoorian 1968 ...... 14 Ragle and others 19655 .....25 Kachadoorian 19715...... 14 Reid 1969 ...... 26 Mendenhall 1905...... 19 Riehle 1978 ...... 28 Nichols I960...... 22 Shreve 1966 ...... 30 Nichols and Yehle 1969 .....22 Shreve 1968a ...... 30 Nichols and Yehle 1985 .....22 Shreve 19685 ...... 30 Ragle and others 1965a .....25 Tuthill 1968...... 33 Ragle and others 19655 .....25 Tuthill and Laird 1966 .....33 Richter and others 1979.....28 Tysdal and others 1976a ....33 Williams 1985 ...... 38 Tysdal and others 19765 ....33 Yehle and Nichols 1980 .....41 Waller 19665 ...... 37 Winkler and Plafker 1981 ...39 HARRISON BAY DEMARCATION POINT Carter and Galloway 1985 ....4 Hartz 1978 ...... 13 Wendler and Hopkins and Hartz 1978...... 13 Ishikawa 1974...... 38 Johnson 1978 ...... 14 Ritchie and Walker 1974 ....28 EAGLE Walker 1966 ...... 36 Walker 1978 ...... 36 Foster 1972 ...... 9 Walker 1983 ...... 36 Foster 1976 ...... 9 Walker and Morgan 1964 .....36 FAIRBANKS HEALY Childers and others 1972 ....4 Gil5ert 1977 ...... 10 Com5ellick 1984d ...... 5 Gilbert and Redman 1975 ....10 Com5ellick 1984e ...... 5 Kline 1978 ...... 15 Gil5ert 1977 ...... 10 Sherwood and Kachadoorian 19605 ...... 14 Camp5ell 1979...... 30 Lee 1982 ...... 16 Smith 1973 ...... 31 Pewe 1958 ...... 22 Smith and others 1984 ...... 31 Pewe 1965a...... 23 Wahrhaftig 1949 ...... 35 Pewe 1970 ...... 23 Wahrhaftig 1953 ...... 35 Pewe 1982 ...... 23 Wahrhaftig 1958 ...... 35 Pewe and Rivard 1961 ...... 23 Wahrhaftig 1970a ...... 35

46 HEALY (cont.) KATEEL RIVER Wahrhaftig 1970b ...... 36 Davis 1958...... 6 Wahrhaftig 1970c ...... 36 Eakin 1916...... 7 Wahrhaftig 1970d ...... 36 Weber and Pewe 1970...... 38 Wahrhaftig 1970e ...... 36 Wahrhaftig 1970f ...... 36 KENAI Wahrhaftig 1970g ...... 36 Wahrhaftig 1970h ...... 36 Bailey 1985...... 1 Wahrhaftig and Black 1958...36 Detterman and others 1976....6 Eckel 1967...... 7 HOLY CROSS Foster and Karlstrom 1966....9 Hansen and others 1966...... 12 Harrington 1918...... 13 Kachadoorian 1968...... 14 Kachadoorian 1971b...... 14 HOWARD PASS Karlstrom 1965...... 15 Kline 1977...... 15 Hamilton and Bauer 1984..... 12 McCulloch 1966...... 19 Hamilton and Trexler 1979...12 McCulloch 1968...... 19 Plafker and others 1969.....24 IDITAROD Riehle and Emmel 1980...... 28 Stanley 1968...... 31 Bundtzen and Laird 1982...... 3 Tysdal 1976...... 33 Waller 19665...... 37 ICY BAY KETCHIKAN Boothroyd and others 1976....2 Lemke 1975...... 17 ILIAMNA Yehle 1977...... 40 Buffler 1976...... 2 KILLIK RIVER Detterman 1968...... 6 Detterman and Reed 1964...... 6 Hamilton 1980...... 12 Detterman and Reed 1973...... 6 KODIAK JUNEAU Eos 1978...... 8 Daniel and others 1972...... 5 Hansen and others 1966...... 12 Davidson and Kachadoorian and Hackett 1979a...... 5 Plafker 1967...... 14 Miller 1972...... 20 Kachadoorian and Miller 1975...... 20 Slater 1978...... 15 NY Times 1936a...... 21 Moore 1982...... 21 NY Times 19365...... 21 Moore and others 1980...... 21 Plafker and others 1972.....24 Plafker and Swanston 1972a...... 32 Kachadoorian 1966...... 24 USGS 1984...... 33 Plafker and Kachadoorian 1971...... 24 KANTISHNA RIVER Plafker and others 1969.....24 R & M Consultants, Inc Chapman and others 1975...... 4 1982...... 28 Eakin 1918...... 7 Waller 1966b...... 37

47 LIVENGOOD Mt. FAIRWEATHER Eakin 1916...... 7 Miller 1960a...... 20 Haug 1985...... 13 Miller 1960b...... 20 Kachadoorian 1971d...... l4 Miller 1961...... 20 Lee 1982...... 16 Roberts 1960...... 28 Waythomes and others 1984...38 Mt. HAYES LOOKOUT RIDGE Foster and Holmes 1965...... 9 Johnson 1978...... 14 Holmes and Foster 1968...... 13 Yeend 1983...... 39 Holmes and Pewe 1965...... 13 Nokleberg and others 1982...22 MCCARTHY Pew<§ and Holmes 1964...... 23 Pewe 1965c...... 23 Brabb and Miller 1962...... 2 Richter and others 1977.....27 Mackevett 1965a...... 17 Mackevett 19655...... 17 Mt. KATMAI Mackevett 1970a...... l8 Mackevett 19705...... 18 Griggs 1920...... 11 Mackevett 1972...... 18 Mackevett 1974...... 18 Mt. McKINLEY Mackevett and others 1964...18 Mackevett and Smith 1972....18 Chapman 1958...... 4 Miller and MacCall 1964.....20 USGS 1984...... 33 Moffit and Capps 1911...... 21 Winkler and Mt. MICHELSON Mackevett 1981...... 39 Leffingwell 1919...... 16 McGRATH Reiser and others 1971...... 26 Yeend 19735...... 39 Bundtzen and others 1982.....3 Bundtzen and Laird 1980...... 3 Mt. St. ELIAS Gilbert and others 1983.....10 Gilbert and others 1982.....10 Lemke 1974...... 17 Miller 1961...... 20 MEADE RIVER NABESNA Black 1969...... 2 Johnson 1978...... 14 Lowe and others 1982...... 17 Williams 1983a...... 38 Richter 1971a...... 26 Richter 1971b...... 26 MELQZITNA Richter 1972...... 26 Richter 1973...... 27 Eakin 1916...... 7 Richter 1975a...... 27 Oil Ion and others 1983...... 6 Richter 1975b...... 27 Richter 1976...... 27 MIDDLETQN ISLAND Richter and Jones 1973...... 27 Richter and Matson 1976.....27 Winkler and Plafker 1981....39 Richter and others 1973.....27 Richter and Schmoll 1973....27 Richter and Smith 1976...... 27

48 NOATAK SELDOVIA (cont.) Hopkins 1977...... 13 Waller 1966b...... 37 Waller 1971...... 37 NORTON BAY SEWARD Ri«hle and others 1981...... 28 Combellick 1984a...... 4 NULATO Combellick 1984b...... 5 Davidson and Weber and Pew£ 1970...... 38 Hackett 1979b...... 5 Dearborn and others 1979.....6 PETERSBURG Eckel 1967...... 7 Hansen and others 1966...... 12 Yehle 1978...... 40 Hoyer 1971...... 13 Kachadoorian 1965...... 14 PHILIP SMITH Mts. Kachadoorian 1968...... 14 Kachadoorian 1971a...... l4 Ferrians 1971b...... 8 Kachadoorian 1971b...... 14 Hamilton 1978b...... 11 Leipold and Wood 1967...... 16 Lemke 1967...... 16 POINT HOPE Lemke 1971...... 16 March 1981...... 18 Everett 1966b...... 8 March and Robertson 1981....19 Everett 1967...... 8 March adn Robertson 1982....19 Johnson 1962...... 13 McCulloch and Bonilla 1967...... 19 RUBY McCulloch and Bonilla 1970...... 19 Bailey 1983...... 1 Plafker 1967...... 24 Chapman and Patton 1978...... 4 Plafker and others 1969.....24 Eakin 1918...... 7 Ragle and others 1965a...... 25 Ragle and others 1965b...... 25 RUSSIAN MISSION Shannon and Wilson 1964a....30 Waller 1966b...... 37 Krause 1984...... 15 SITKA SAGAVANIRKTOK Miller 1973...... 20 Ferrians 1971a...... 8 Yehle 1974...... 40 Yeend 1973a...... 39 SKAGWAY SELDOVIA March 1982a...... 18 Eckel 1967...... 7 March 1982b...... 19 Foster and Karlstrom 1966....9 March 1983...... 19 Hansen and others 1966...... 12 Yehle and Lemke 1972...... 40 Kachadoorian 1968...... 14 Kachadoorian 1971b...... l4 SLEEMUTE Plafker and others 1969.....24 Reger 1979b...... 26 Krause 1984...... 15 Riehle 1977...... 28 Stanley 1968...... 31 Waller 1966a...... 37

49 SOLOMON TELLER Riehle and others 1981...... 28 Kline 1982...... 15 Smith 1910...... 31 TESHEKPUK St. MICHAEL Black 1969...... 2 Harrington 1918...... 13 Carter 1983...... 3 Hartz 1978...... 13 SURVEY PASS Hopkins and Hartz 1978...... 13 Johnson 1978...... 14 Hamilton 1981...... 12 Hamilton and Trexler 1979... 12 TYONEK Nelson and Grybeck 1980.....21 Reanier and Ugolini 1983....25 Detterman and others 1976....6 Foster and Karlstrom 1966....9 SUTWIK ISLAND Kline 1978...... 15 Schmoll and Yehle 1978...... 29 Detterman and others 1981....6 Yehle and others 1983a...... 41 Yehle and others 1983b...... 41 TABLE MOUNTAIN Yehle and others 1983...... 41 Yeend and Brosg6 1973b...... 40 UMIAT TALKEETNA Anderson and others 1975...,.1 Carter and Galloway 1981.....4 Kline 1978...... 15 Johnson 1978...... 14 Nelson and Reed 1978...... 21 McGaw and others 1970...... 19 Reed and Nelson 1977...... 25 Prior and Ho 1970...... 25 Reed and Nelson 1980...... 25 UNALAKLEET TALKEETNA Mts. Harrington 1918...... 13 Bruen and Gill 1984...... 2 Riehle and others 1981...... 28 Gill and Bruen 1983...... 10 Grantz 1960a...... 10 UNALASKA Grantz 1960b...... 10 Kline 1978...... 15 Nye and others 1984...... 22 TANACROSS UTUKOK RIVER Carter and Galloway 1978.....3 Johnson 1978...... 14 Foster 1968...... 9 Yeend 1984...... 40 Foster 1970...... 9 Holmes and Foster 1968...... 13 WAINWRIGHT TANANA Johnson 1978...... 14 Williams 1983b...... 38 Chapman and Yeend 1972...... 4 Chapman and others 1975...... 4 WISEMAN Chapman and others 1982...... 4 Eakin 1916...... 7 Dill on and others 1981...... 7 Kachadoorian 1971d...... 14 Dill on and others 1981...... 7 Hamilton 1979c...... 11

50 WISEMAN (cont.) Hamilton and Trexler 1979...12 Kachadoorian 1971c...... l4 VALDEZ Clark and others 1972...... 4 Condon 1965...... 5 Coulter and Migliaccio 1966...... 5 Coulter and Migliaccio 1971...... 5 Eckel 1967...... 7 Ferrians 1966...... 8 Ferrians 1971c...... 8 Ferrians and others 1983.....9 Hansen and others 1966...... 12 Johnson and Ragle 1968...... 14 Kachadoorian 1968...... 14 Kachadoorian 1971b...... l4 Leipold and Wood 1967...... 16 McSaveney 1978...... 19 Moffit and Mertie 1923...... 21 Plafker and others 1969.....24 Ragle and others 1965a...... 25 Ragle and others 1965b...... 25 Tocher 1960...... 32 Waller 1966b...... 37 Williams 1985...... 38 Williams and Johnson 1980...38 Yehle 1980...... 40 Yehle 1981...... 40 YAKUTAT Lemke 1974...... 17 Miller 1955...... 20 Miller 1957...... 20 Miller 1961...... 20 Miller 1971...... 20 Yehle 1975...... 40 Yehle 1979...... 40

51 Appendix C References by selected topic (page number follows reference) ALASKA GENERAL ALASKA GENERAL (cont.) Alger and Brabb 1985 ...... 1 Reger 1975...... 25 Benedict 1976 ...... 1 Reger 1979...... 25 Black 1951 ...... 2 Reger and Pew6 1976...... 26 Brabb 1984 ...... 2 Reimnitz and Maurer 1979....26 Cairnes 1912a ...... 3 Schaff and Updike 1984 .....28 Cairnes 1912b ...... 3 Schmidt 1964 ...... 28 Capps 1910 ...... 3 Selkregg 1983 ...... 30 Coates 1977 ...... 4 Sigafoos 1951 ...... 31 Combellick 1984c ...... 5 Sigafoos and Hopkins 1952...31 Combellick 1985 ...... 5 Smith 1965 ...... 31 Davis and Sanders 1960 ...... 6 State of Alaska 1964...... 31 Dobrovolny and Tocher and Miller 1959 .....32 others 1964 ...... 7 USBLM 1964 ...... 33 Dobrovolny and USGS 1965 ...... 33 Schmoll 1964 ...... 7 USGS 1981 ...... 33 Dobrovolony and Vandre and Swanston 1977....35 Schmoll 1968...... 7 Wahrhaftig and Cox 1959.....36 Eckel 1970 ...... 8 Waller 1968...... 37 Everett 1966a ...... 8 Waller 1971...... 37 Ferrians and others 1969 ....8 Washburn 1956 ...... 37 Field 1965...... 9 Washburn and Fisher and Merkle 1965 ...... 9 Goldthwait 1958 ...... 37 Frost 1952 ...... 10 White 12976 ...... 38 Goldthwait 1968...... 10 Wilcox 1959 ...... 38 Grantz and others 1964...... 11 Youd 1978 ...... 41 Hackett and Youd and others 1978 ...... 41 Santeford 1980 ...... 11 Hackman 1965...... 11 OFFSHORE Hackman 1968...... 11 Hansen 1950 ...... 12 Carl son 1976...... 3 Hansen 1974 ...... 12 Magoon and others 1976...... 18 Hansen and Eckel 1971...... 12 Molnia and others 1985...... 21 Hansen and others 1966...... 12 Molnia and others 1977...... 21 Johnson 1952 ...... 14 Moore 1982...... 21 Keefer 1984 ...... 15 Plafker and Mayo, 1965...... 24 Keefer and Tannaci 1981 ....15 Plafker and Krebs and others 1979 ...... 15 Kachadoorian 1966...... 24 Lawson 1983 ...... 16 Plafker and others 1975.....24 Morrison 1968...... 21 Plafker and others 1978.....24 Nichols and Yehle 1961 .....22 Shannon and Hilts 1973...... 30 Pewe 1964 ...... 23 Pewe 1968...... 23 TRANS-ALASKA PIPELINE Pewe and Reger 1974 ...... 23 Plafker and others 1965 ....24 Alaska Dept. of Plafker and others 1969 ....24 Highways 1971...... 1 Plafker and others 1971 ....24 Brew 1974...... 2 Post 1967...... 25 Brown and Berg 1980...... 2 Post 1968...... 25

52 TRANS-ALASKA PIPELINE (cont.) 1958 EARTHQUAKE (cont.) Donovan and Davis 1958...... 6 Krzewinski 1978...... 7 Oavis and Sanders 1960...... 6 Ellis and Calkin 1979...... 8 Keefer and Tannaci 1981.....15 Ferrians 1971a...... 8 Miller 1960a...... 20 Ferrians 1971b...... 8 Miller 1960b...... 20 Ferrians 1971c...... 8 Roberts 1960...... 28 Hamilton 1979a...... ll Tocher and Miller 1959...... 32 Higgs 1974...... 13 Kachadoorian 1971c...... 14 1964 EARTHQUAKE Kachadoorian 1971d...... 14 Kreig and Reger 1982...... 16 Berg and Stratt 1964...... 1 O'Nesti 1983...... 22 Bull and Marangunic 1966.....2 O'Nesti and Reger 1980...... 22 Bull and Marangunic 1968.....3 Watters and Kinney 1979.....37 Coulter and Migliaccio 1966...... 5 SOUTHEAST Coulter and Migliaccio 1971...... 5 Adams 1984...... 1 Dobrovolny, 1971...... 7 Adams and Sidle 1984...... 1 Dobrovolny and Barr and Swanston 1970...... 1 Schmoll 1964...... 7 Bishop and Stevens 1964...... 1 Eckel 1967...... 7 Brazee and Cloud 1960...... 2 Eckel 1970...... 8 Brazee and Jordan 1958...... 2 Eng. Geol. Eval. Combellick and Long 1983.....5 Group 1964...... 8 Lemke 1974...... 17 Ferrians 1966...... 8 Lemke and Yehle 1972...... 17 Field 1965...... 9 Patric and Swanston 1968....22 Fisher and Merkle 1965...... 9 Sidle and Swanston 1980.....30 Foster and Karlstrom 1966....9 Sidle and Swanston 1982.....30 Ganopole 1964...... 10 Swanston 1967a...... 31 Goldthwait 1968...... 10 Swanston 1967b...... 31 Grantz and others 1964...... 11 Swanston 1967c...... 31 Hackman 1965...... 11 Swanston 1968...... 32 Hackman 1968...... 11 Swanston 1969...... 32 Hansen 1965...... 11 Swanston 1970...... 32 Hansen 1967...... 11 Swanston 1971...... 32 Hansen 1971...... 11 Swanston 1972a...... 32 Hansen 1974...... 11 Swanston 1972b...... 32 Hansen and Eckel 1971...... 11 Swanston 1974a...... 32 Hansen and others 1966...... 11 Swanston 1974b...... 32 Johnson and Ragle 1968...... 14 Ward and others 1982...... 37 Kachadoorian 1965...... 14 Ward and otehrs 1980...... 37 Kachadoorian 1968...... 14 Wu 1976...... 39 Kachadoorian 1971a...... 14 Wu and others 1979...... 39 Kachadoorian 1971b...... 14 Wu and Swanston 1980...... 39 Kachadoorian and Ziemer and Swanston 1977....41 Plafker 1967...... 14 Kachadoorian and 1958 EARTHQUAKE Slater 1978...... 15 Keefer and Tannaci 1981.....15 Brazee and Cloud 1960...... 2 Kerr and Drew 1966...... 15 Brazee and Jordan 1958...... 2 Kerr and Drew 1968...... 15 Kunze and others 1965...... 16

53 1964 EARTHQUAKE (cont.) 1964 EARTHQUAKE (cont.) LaChapelle 1968...... 16 Shannon and Wilson 1964d....30 Leipold and Wood 1967...... 16 Shannon and Wilson 1964e....30 Lemke 1967...... 16 Shreve 1968b...... 30 Lerake 1971...... 16 Stanley 1968...... 31 Lo^an 1967...... 17 State of Alaska 1964...... 31 Long 1973...... 17 Tuthill 1968...... 33 Long and George 1967a...... 17 Tuthill and others 1968.....33 Long and George 1967b...... 17 Tuthill and Laird 1966...... 33 Marangunic and Bull 1968....18 USBLM 1964...... 33 McCulloch 1966...... 19 USGS 1965...... 33 McCulloch 1968...... 19 Updike 1984b...... 34 McCulloch and Varnes 1968...... 35 Bonilla 1967...... 19 Varnes 1969...... 35 McCulloch and Voight 1973...... 35 Bonilla 1970...... 19 Waller 1966a...... 37 McCulloch and Waller 1966b...... 37 Bonilla 1971...... 19 Waller 1966c...... 37 Mitchell and Waller 1968...... 37 others 1973...... 21 Waller 1971...... 37 Pewe 1964...... 23 Wilson 1967...... 39 Pewe 1968...... 23 Plafker 1967...... 24 Plafker 1968...... 24 Plafker and others 1965.....24 Plafker and Kachadoorian 1966...... 24 Plafker and Kachadoorian 1971...... 24 Plafker and Mayo 1965...... 24 Plafker and others 1969.....24 Plafker and others 1971.....24 Post 1967...... 25 Post 1968...... 25 Ragle and others 1965a...... 25 Ragle and others 1965b...... 25 Reiranitz 1972...... 26 Reimnitz and Marshall 1965...... 26 Reiranitz and Marshall 1971...... 26 Schaff and Updike 1984...... 28 Schraidt 1964...... 28 Schmidt and others 1965a....28 Schraidt and others 1965b....29 Scott 1973...... 29 Seed and Wilson 1967...... 29 Seed and Wilson 1973...... 30 Selkregg 1983...... 30 Shannon and Hilts 1973...... 30 Shannon and Wilson 1964a....30 Shannon and Wilson 1964b....30 Shannon and Wilson 1964c....30

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