Integrationens Svarta Bok

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Integrationens Svarta Bok Integrationens svarta bok Agenda för jämlikhet och social sammanhållning Slutbetänkande av Utredningen om makt, integration och strukturell diskriminering Stockholm 2006 SOU 2006:79 SOU och Ds kan köpas från Fritzes kundtjänst. För remissutsändningar av SOU och Ds svarar Fritzes Offentliga Publikationer på uppdrag av Regeringskansliets förvaltningsavdelning. Beställningsadress: Fritzes kundtjänst 106 47 Stockholm Orderfax: 08-690 91 91 Ordertel: 08-690 91 90 E-post: [email protected] Internet: www.fritzes.se Svara på remiss. Hur och varför. Statsrådsberedningen, 2003. – En liten broschyr som underlättar arbetet för den som skall svara på remiss. Broschyren är gratis och kan laddas ner eller beställas på http://www.regeringen.se/remiss Tryckt av Edita Sverige AB Stockholm 2006 ISBN 91-38-22625-1 ISSN 0375-250X Till statsrådet Jens Orback Regeringen bemyndigade den 22 april 2004 statsrådet Mona Sahlin att tillkalla en särskild utredare med uppdrag att utreda strukturell diskriminering på grund av etnisk eller religiös tillhörighet och dess konsekvenser för makt och inflytande (Dir. 2004:54). Med stöd av bemyndigandet förordnades 22 april 2004 professor Masoud Kamali som särskild utredare. Den 1 juni 2004 anställdes som sekreterare teol. dr Hans Ingvar Roth. Den 9 oktober 2004 entledigades Hans-Ingvar Rooth. Den 1 oktober 2004 anställdes som sekreterare fil. mag. Adrián Groglopo. Den 18 oktober 2004 anställdes som sekreterare fil. lic. Göran Brodin. Den 30 april 2005 entledigades Göran Brodin. Den 1 december 2005 anställdes som sekreterare fil. mag. Marcus Lundgren. Den 1 april 2006 anställdes som sekreterare jur. kand. Simon Andersson. Till experter i utredningen förordnades 1 februari 2005 Andreas Egeryd, departementssekreterare vid Justitiedepartementet, Åsa Finnström, kansliråd vid Utbildningsdepartementet, Örjan Härneskog, kansliråd vid Näringsdepartementet, Anna-Karin Lindblom, ämnessakkunnig vid Justitiedepartementet, Göran Lindqvist kansliråd vid Justitiedepartementet, Jessica Lundahl, kansliråd vid Socialdepartementet, Catharina Wettergren, kansliråd vid Utbildningsdepartementet. Den 3 oktober 2005 entledigades Andreas Egeryd på egen begä- ran. Den 3 oktober 2005 förordnades Jonas Raber, departements- sekreterare vid Utbildningsdepartementet. Den 3 november 2005 entledigades Åsa Finnström på egen begäran. Den 3 november 2005 förordnades Carl-Axel Gustavsson, departementssekreterare vid Utbildningsdepartementet. Den 20 februari entledigades Jonas Raber på egen begäran. Den 20 februari 2006 förordnades Niclas Hallgren, polisintendent vid Justitiedepartementet. Regeringen beslutade den 24 maj 2006 om tilläggsdirektiv (Dir. 2006:67). Enligt detta direktiv förlängdes utredningstiden. Utred- ningen skall redovisa betänkandet senast den 1 augusti 2006. Utredningen om makt, integration och strukturell diskrimine- ring får härmed överlämna sitt betänkande. Uppdraget är härmed avslutat. Stockholm i augusti 2006 Masoud Kamali Adrián Groglopo Särskild utredare Utredningssekreterare Marcus Lundgren Simon Andersson Utredningssekreterare Utredningssekreterare Innehåll Sammanfattning .................................................................. 9 1 Utredningens uppdrag och arbete ................................ 33 1.1 Utredningens tillkomst ........................................................... 33 1.2 Uppdraget................................................................................. 37 1.3 Utredningen ............................................................................. 38 1.4 Arbetets genomförande........................................................... 38 1.5 Betänkandets disposition......................................................... 39 2 Inledning................................................................... 41 2.1 Utredningens arbetssätt .......................................................... 43 2.2 Begrepp..................................................................................... 45 2.3 Från integrationsidéerna till en agenda för jämlikhet och social sammanhållning ............................................................. 49 2.4 Det koloniala arvet................................................................... 53 2.5 Ett europeiskt dilemma ........................................................... 55 2.6 Integration, makt och diskriminering..................................... 57 2.7 Integrationstänkandet och integrationspolitiken .................. 59 2.8 Det kulturella åtskiljandet ....................................................... 60 2.9 Från invandrarpolitik till integrationspolitik ......................... 62 2.10 Rasism och integration ............................................................ 65 5 Innehåll SOU 2006:79 2.11 Självsegregering som en reaktion på diskriminering..............71 2.12 Integration, makt, diskriminering och rasism ........................74 2.13 Behovet av en ny politik för social sammanhållning..............77 Referenser ..........................................................................................80 3 Sammanfattande slutsatser av utredningens rapporter....89 3.1 Erfarenheter i marginalen ........................................................89 3.2 Strukturell diskriminering och makt i politiken...................113 3.3 Mediernas Vi och Dom. Mediernas betydelse för den strukturella diskrimineringen ................................................133 3.4 Utbildning ..............................................................................150 3.5 Arbetslivet ..............................................................................169 3.6 Välfärd, (o)jämlikhet och den strukturella diskrimineringen.....................................................................194 3.7 Rättsväsendet..........................................................................211 3.8 Hälsa och hälsovård ...............................................................226 4 Slutsatser ................................................................243 5 Utredningens förslag och rekommendationer ...............253 5.1 En ny politik ...........................................................................253 5.2 Nedläggning och omorganisering av befintlig integrationsverksamhet..........................................................256 5.2.1 Nedläggning av Integrationsverket............................256 5.2.2 Nedläggning av Justitiedepartementets integrations- och mångfaldsenhet..............................261 5.3 Behov av institutionella förutsättningar för en ny politik för lika möjligheter, likvärdiga utfall och social sammanhållning......................................................................266 5.3.1 Ny myndighet för främjande av lika möjligheter och likvärdiga utfall.....................................................266 6 SOU 2006:79 Innehåll 5.3.2 Forskningsstiftelse med fokus på strukturell/institutionell diskriminering................... 275 5.3.3 Medborgarråd.............................................................. 284 5.4 Arbete ..................................................................................... 292 5.4.1 Förtur till offentliga arbeten...................................... 292 5.4.2 Rekryteringsmål för statliga myndigheter ................ 307 5.4.3 Rätt till tillsvidareanställning ..................................... 310 5.4.4 Skärpning av lag om allmän platsanmälan ................. 314 5.4.5 Obligatoriska kravprofiler vid rekrytering................ 318 5.4.6 Facklig insyn vid rekrytering ..................................... 320 5.5 Ändringar i diskrimineringslagstiftningen ........................... 322 5.5.1 Kriminalisering av instruktion att diskriminera........ 322 5.5.2 Diskrimineringsförbud vid medlemskap i organisationer ............................................................. 327 5.5.3 Privatpersoner ska kunna stämmas för diskriminering............................................................. 329 5.6 Rättsväsendet ......................................................................... 331 5.6.1 Vidareutbildning för rättsväsendet............................ 331 5.6.2 Inskränkning av patrullerande polisers utrymme för godtyckliga ingripanden....................................... 333 5.7 Utbildningsväsendet .............................................................. 335 5.7.1 Programstöd................................................................ 335 5.7.2 Tillåt aktiva åtgärder mot negativ särbehandling i högskolan .................................................................... 337 5.7.3 Motivering av överklagandenämndens beslut........... 339 5.7.4 Utbildning för ”grindvakter”..................................... 340 5.7.5 Revidering av värdegrunden....................................... 342 5.7.6 Diskrimineringskontaktperson i varje skola............. 343 5.8 Krav på ideella organisationer ............................................... 345 5.8.1 Stödet till Centrum mot rasism villkoras.................. 345 5.8.2 Antidiskrimineringsvillkor i statliga bidrag till ideella organisationer.................................................. 345 5.9 Krav på kommuner ................................................................ 349 5.9.1 Förslag om kommuners skyldighet för integrationsprojekt riktade till icke- marginaliserade och icke-stigmatiserade förorter..... 349 7 Innehåll SOU 2006:79 5.10 Hälso- och sjukvård för irreguljära immigranter..................351 5.10.1 Bättre villkor i hälso- och sjukvård för irreguljära immigranter .................................................................351
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