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Master Plan, Fort Stanwix National Monument

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Master Plan, Fort Stanwix National Monument FORT STANWIX National Monument A Master Plan Contents Introduction 1 Purpose 5 Objectives 5 Summary 5 Regional Characteristics and Analysis Access and Circulation 6 Population Data 6 Park and Recreation Facilities 6 Surroundings and Existing Use 7 Resource Evaluation 8 Resource Description History 8 Later History of the Region 10 Factors Affecting Resources and Use Legal Factors 12 Climate 12 Resource Use Existing Land Use 12 Visitor Use of Resources 12 The Plan Site Development 18 Site Limitations 20 Interpretation 20 Fort Stanwix Museum Location 21 Priority of Needs 21 Maps Regional Map—MP FOST-1 2 City of Rome—MP FOST-2 3 Vicinity Map—MP FOST-3 4 Regional Development Map—MP FOST-4 7 Historic Base Map—MP FOST-5 9 Archeological Base Map—MP FOST-6 10 Troop Movement Map—MP FOST-7 11 Existing Use Map—MP FOST-8 13 Urban Renewal Area Plan—MP FOST-9 16 & 17 General Development Plan—MP FOST-10 19 Illustrations Artist's Conception of Fort Stanwix Frontispiece Small Scale Aerial Photograph 14 Large Scale Aerial Photograph 15 Site Limitations 20 A Master Plan for FORT STANWIX National Monument INTRODUCTION Fort Stanwix National Monument Secretary of the Interior may designate as during the depression. Gradually, interest 1 was authorized by an Act of Congress ap­ necessary, has been vested in the United in the project died. proved August 21, 1935 (49 Stat. 665). States, the site shall be designated a na­ Then in 1963, the site of Fort Stanwix Legislation was introduced at the request tional monument by Presidential Proclama­ was designated a registered national .land­ of the Rome Chamber of Commerce and tion. The Secretary may acquire the site by mark. In 1964, at the request of the City of patriotic societies, who felt that a national donation or purchase with donated funds. Rome, the National Park Service agreed to monument would tie into and give more When established, the national monument advise on working the fort site into a pro­ meaning to a series of patriotic celebrations shall be administered, protected, and devel­ posed urban renewal project. then being planned, and that the site was oped by the National Park Service, subject important enough to deserve national mon­ to the Act of August 25, 1916, establishing Local public interest in developing the ument status. The Chamber of Commerce that Bureau. site took strong root among community or­ also felt that development of Fort Stanwix ganizations. By 1965, Rome's planning for would make an excellent emergency public This Act was not put into effect. The development of its historical resources had works project. Former Secretary of the In­ reasons for this are not clear. Probably the broadened to include many sites and struc­ terior Ickes recommended that the bill be additional responsibilities given to the Park tures besides Fort Stanwix, and interest in passed, noting that the area "is the site of Service by the Historic Sites Act of 1935 implementing the Fort Stanwix National a battle of great importance in American and the limited amount of money available Monument Act had revived. Urban Renew­ History and is worthy of Federal protec­ with which to develop the national monu­ al funds were available to acquire and clear tion . ." ment combined to prevent its establish­ the site. At the request of city officials, the The Act provides that when title to the ment. Further, the cost of acquiring the site National Park Service prepared this Master site of Fort Stanwix, or a part of it, to­ for donation was estimated at $300,000 or Plan for administering, protecting and de­ gether with any buildings thereon that the more, a sum which would be hard to raise veloping Fort Stanwix National Monument. 2 • ••REGIONAL MAP 3 1. PROVISION OF FACILITIES Those facilities needed to tell the story of Fort Stanwix and to direct visitors to other places of interest in Rome will be provided. 2. VISITOR USE Visitors will be encouraged to use the interpretive facilities of the na­ tional monument and to visit the other historical and cultural attractions in Rome and its vicinity. 4 3. COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING Fort Stanwix National Monument is only one part of a comprehensive plan to develop Rome's her­ itage, and the National Park Service will work closely with civic and preservation This plan recommends a boundary for the monument encompassing 18 acres. It provides for reconstruction of the fort and for the administrative and visitor facilities needed to present the fort story effectively. It provides guidelines for de­ veloping an interpretive program. It em­ phasizes that the proposed national monu­ ment is part of a broad program for devel­ oping Rome's historical features, and that close and harmonious cooperation among the National Park Service and other groups participating in the broader program is VICINITY MAP essential. PURPOSE The purpose of Fort Stanwix Na­ Treaty of Fort Stanwix negotiated and tional Monument is to preserve the site of signed here in 1768; and the decisive role the fort and interpret the events which took place there: The strategic importance of played by the fort in repulsing St. Leger's the site in controlling the Mohawk River— attack in 1777, a repulse which contributed Wood Creek Portage; the significance of the to the capture of Burgoyne at Saratoga. OBJECTIVES groups to fit monument planning and oper­ City of Rome may make to protect and importance of the fort site, the role of the ation into the overall plan. improve the setting around the monument fort in St. Leger's repulse, and the effect of through zoning, urban renewal, stream val­ this repulse on Burgoyne's campaign. The 4. CONSERVATION THROUGH KNOWLEDGE De­ ley park development or other methods. Treaty of Fort Stanwix will be treated as a velopment and management of the monu­ subtheme, as will the structural history of ment will be based on knowledge gained 7. MUSEUM COLLECTIONS Museum collec­ the fort. from comprehensive historical and archeo- tions will be limited to artifacts recovered logical research. This research will build from Park Service excavation at the site and 9. INTERPRETIVE METHOD Interpretation will upon the work already done. such other objects related to the fort as may center upon the restored fort, supplement­ be needed for the interpretive program. ed by exhibits and other devices as neces­ 5. ARCHITECTURAL THEME Developments Conflicts with and duplication of the col­ sary. The National Park Service will work will be designed to be in harmony with the lections of the Rome Historical Society will closely with the Historic Rome Develop­ 5 reconstructed fort and its historical setting. be avoided. ment Authority, the Rome Historical So­ ciety and other groups to mesh monument 6. PROTECTION OF THE SETTING The Nation­ 8. INTERPRETIVE THEME The story to be interpretation with the overall presentation al Park Service will encourage any effort the told at Fort Stanwix is that of the strategic of Rome's history. SUMMARY The Master Plan is contingent upon with preserving "colonial" houses, forts, three 19th century structures included in three things. First, a cleared site must be and battlefields, have broadened to include the Historic American Buildings Survey, donated to the Federal Government. Sec­ preservation of 19th and even 20th century another structure reputed to be the oldest ond, no development can take place until houses, and of sites and structures impor­ house in Rome, and a number of commer­ money for that development is appropri­ tant in the development of industry, com­ cial and institutional structures, all of ated by the Congress. Third, a decision merce, transportation, the arts, and indeed, which must be moved or demolished if the must be made that development of Fort every facet of our society. Stanwix should take precedence over preser­ national monument is to be created. The vation of the several buildings now stand­ This plan, in a sense, does not reflect people of Rome, acting through their city ing on the site, at least in their present the new and broader concept of preserva­ government, will decide whether the na­ location. tion. It provides for the creation of Fort tional monument is worth this price when The historic preservation movement Stanwix National Monument and for the they decide whether or not to donate the has matured in the years since 1935. Its in­ development required to make that monu­ Fort Stanwix site to the Federal Govern­ terests, once concerned almost exclusively ment effective. It does so at the expense of ment. REGIONAL CHARACTERISTICS The Fort Stanwix site is located in is using this heritage to expand the eco­ the center of Rome, New York, overlooking Park and Recreation nomic base of the community. The pros­ the Mohawk River. The effective region is Facilities pects of phasing out Griffiss Air Force Base the City of Rome, covering 77 square miles has haunted business leaders and added in area, and its immediate vicinity. Existing: impetus for finding new business activity 1. FORT STANWIX MUSEUM History of Mo­ should the Air Base be actually closed. hawk Valley: Ice Age—1860. There is also evidence of a cultural explo­ 2. ORISKANY MONUMENT Site of Battle of sion in the community sustained by intel­ Oriskany. lectual forces as well as business enterprises. Access and 3. GRAVE OF FRANCIS BELLAMY Author of In February 1966, an economic feasibil­ Pledge of Allegiance. ity report, prepared by Economic Research Circulation 4. STATE FISH HATCHERY Supporting fish­ Associates of Los Angeles, California, was submitted to the City of Rome and the Rome is within 8 miles of Interstate ery research laboratories. Rome Urban Renewal Agency.
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