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Islam in Christ's Eyes

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Islam in Christ's Eyes “Islam in Christ’s Eyes” A study on the origins of Islam and the Christian response by Wissam Youssif Lesson Five- “Muhammad’s Rise to Power- part two” Spring Quarter - 2018 I. Introduction A. Last week, we began learning some of the secret that gave rise to Islam as a world wide religion. B. One of the principles that I discovered was that Islam was the perfect unifying force for a disunified people at the perfect moment in history. C. Do you remember what had been the greatest barrier to Arabic unity before the emergence of Muhammad and Islam? Tribalism C.1. Previously, each tribe had it’s own god and it’s own governance. C.2. Tribes were always at war with other neighboring tribes. D. Whether by accident or by direct action, Islam gave the Arabs a reason to become more loyal to their religion than to their individual tribe. D.1. When Islam began winning military victories and shared the war booty among themselves, it became much more attractive to new member of the religion. D.2. It was Muhammad’s success as a military leader that drew men to his beliefs more than his beliefs drew men to Muhammad. E. Was Islam an immediate success? No. E.1. After 13 years of preaching, Muhammad had only 150 followers. E.2. What action caused this movement to begin to grow? E.3. When Muhammad ordered his men to begin raiding the Meccan caravans, he discovered a real funding mechanism for his movement. F. Suddenly, Islam changed from just being a religion that was different because it worshiped only one God to being a political system with a war policy called “jihad.” F.1. When the Arabs discovered there was a real possibility to get rich by joining Islam, more and more people were draw to it. F.2. Once Muhammad stopped his men from attacking other Arabs, which ethnic group was his next target for theft and murder? The Jewish population of Medina F.3. First, he expelled the smallest Jewish tribe and divided up all their possessions among his followers. F.4. Later, he expelled the other two tribes and did the same. F.5. In fact, the largest tribe had 600 of their men arrested and forced to dig a trench which was used as a mass grave after Muhammad ordered all of them to be beheaded and buried. G. In his early days, Muhammad saw himself as the last of the great Jewish prophets. G.1. He quoted from the Bible and used it to support the Quran. G.2. He saw Jews and Christians as his brothers and sisters in the same faith tree. G.3. What caused Muhammad to change his mind about the Jews? G.4. It as the criticism from the Jews of Medina. G.5. They were very Biblically literate and could easily point out Muhammad’s errors where he had changed the clear teachings of the Bible. H. What happens when you get criticized by someone? Your whole attitude towards them changes. H.1. No where is the more clearly illustrated than when Muhammad broke ties with the Jews and then began to bury them. I. All these actions helped to give rise to the “umma.” I.1. What was and still is the “umma”? It is the brotherhood of Islam. I.2. It was the unification of all Islamic Arabs and non-Arabs who believed the Muhammad was God’s greatest prophet. J. Today, we are going to see what cemented the “umma” and Muhammad as being “God’s Greatest Prophet” among the Muslims. K. Questions or comments? L. Today, let’s examine . II. Muhammad’s Military Success A. During those eight years he lived in Medina, Muhammad began an impressive list of military victories. B. In 623 A.D., after the completion of his new home in Medina, Muhammad sent for the remaining members of his family who were still living in Mecca. C. After the death of his first wife, Khadija, Muhammad took a new wife who was living in Mecca until the new house was ready in Medina. C.1. Her name was “Aisha” and she was his favorite. C.2. Later he added many others as well for a total of 13 wives. D. Beginning in 624 A.D., Muhammad experienced a series of battles that would firmly establish him as the ruler of this new movement called “Islam.” E. His primary enemy was his old hometown of Mecca and the caravans that supplied it. E.1. First, there was “the Battle of Badr” that was described last week when Muhammad first started his raiding of the caravans. E.2. How did Muhammad know about trading caravans? He was raised by his uncle who was an expert trader and taught Muhammad the tricks of the trade. F. The Muslims of Medina sent raiding parties against Meccan trading caravans and were disguised as pilgrims as they approached. F.1. The Muslims were able to kill one of the merchants and captured two others. F.2. This was actually a scandal in Medina because it occurred during the month that bloodshed was prohibited among the Arab tribes. F.3. The local population was indignant toward Muhammad and the Muslims for violating the custom. F.4. At this point, the local population of Medina was not blindly following Muhammad. G. How can you justify breaking the rules of society? G.1. Give them a new rule! G.2. To ease the tension, eventually a new revelation came from God to Muhammad that appeared to justify the raid. G.3. It was authorized in Sura 2.217 and stated the Muslims could engage in these raids during the sacred month of Rajab when Arabs had customarily been prohibited from fighting. G.4. This was another occasion where the Quran was used to change cultural norms to justify violent Islamic actions. H. The local outrage was finally forgotten after a number of minor raids were successful when Muhammad led a force of over 300 men against a Quraysh caravan returning from Syria. H.1. By the way, the word “Quraysh”, that is the name of one of the tribes from Mecca. H.2. Do you know who the most famous member was from that tribe? Muhammad himself. This was his family he was fighting. H.3. Outnumbered three to one, the Muslims won a surprising victory. H.4. Tradition says that the angel Gabriel himself led the angels in combat alongside the forces of Muhammad. H.5. 70 Meccans were killed and this demonstrated to the Muslims that God was on their side. I. In 625 A.D., there was the Battle of Uhud and Muhammad actually suffered a major defeat. I.1. At this point, Mecca was still determined to put an end to Muhammad. I.2. Near Medina, 3000 Meccan infantry and cavalry took on the forces of Muhammad numbering about 1000. I.3. 70 Muslims were killed in the battle but the forces of Mecca failed to follow up on their victory and did not put an end to Muhammad or his Muslim army. J. In 627, the Battle of the Ditch occurred in Medina. J.1. This time, the Quraysh clan from Mecca mustered an army of 10,000 which was an impressive number for that time. J.2. A Persian convert named Salman al-Farisi advised Muhammad to dig a ditch around the three exposed sides of the city as a defense against the charge of the Meccan calvary. J.3. Trench warfare was big during WWI. J.3.a) What’s the purpose of a trench? J.3.b) It impedes your enemies advance and it gives you a safe defensive place. J.3.c) This was the purpose of Muhammad’s ditch as well. J.4. The Meccans had never seen this type of defensive scheme and were at a loss to know how to attack it. J.5. Many of the Meccans were on horseback. J.6. Horses and ditches are like oil and water in battle. J.7. Neither Muslims nor the Meccans were accustomed to long sieges and eventually the Meccan forces withdrew after a couple of weeks because they couldn’t deal with the ditch. J.8. This marked the final large scale attempt of the Meccan forces to subdue Muhammad. K. In 628, Muhammad led 1,600 men from Medina on an attempted pilgrimage to the Ka’ba in Mecca. K.1. If you were a citizen of Mecca at this point and you see Muhammad arrived with 1600 of his men, what would you assume? It’s war time . .again. K.2. However, the prophet claimed that he and his men had come on a peaceful hajj, a pilgrimage to worship at the Ka’ba. K.3. Therefore, the Treaty of Hudaybiyya was signed that prevented bloodshed. K.4. However, there was a problem. K.5. Even though the Ka’ba had been established by God and worship there was first performed by Abraham and his son Ishmael, Muslims wished to purify the shrine from its later pagan elements related to idol worship. K.6. At that point, it still contained 360 idols. K.7. While the Muslims weren’t allowed to enter the city at this time, Mecca and Muhammad signed the treaty according to Sura 48.27 in the Quran. K.8. It established a ten year truce and said that next year the Quraysh tribe would temporarily leave the city of Mecca and allow Muhammad and the Muslim pilgrims to enter to keep the peace.
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