Infrastructure Interdependency Assessment Infrastructure Interdependency Assessment
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INFRASTRUCTURE INTERDEPENDENCY ASSESSMENT INFRASTRUCTURE INTERDEPENDENCY ASSESSMENT May 2018 Infrastructure Interdependency Assessment Puerto Rico INFRASTRUCTURE INTERDEPENDENCY ASSESSMENT INFRASTRUCTURE INTERDEPENDENCY ASSESSMENT INFRASTRUCTURE INTERDEPENDENCY ASSESSMENT May 2018 Infrastructure Interdependency Assessment Puerto Rico i INFRASTRUCTURE INTERDEPENDENCY ASSESSMENT INFRASTRUCTURE INTERDEPENDENCY ASSESSMENT ii INFRASTRUCTURE INTERDEPENDENCY ASSESSMENT Contents Executive Summary . .1 1 Project Overview . 6 1.1 Introduction .....................................................................6 1.1.1 Background ................................................................6 1.1.2 Lessons in Resilience Assessment ...............................................7 1.1.3 Goal and Objectives .........................................................8 1.1.4 Partnerships ................................................................9 1.2 Methodology ...................................................................11 1.2.1 Theory and Concepts of Infrastructure Interdependency Analysis .....................11 1.2.2 Applying the Methodology in Puerto Rico .......................................16 1.3 Understanding Industries of Focus ..................................................22 1.3.1 Key Industries to the Economy of Puerto Rico ....................................22 1.3.2 Importance of Industries of Focus to Puerto Rico and the United States ................24 1.3.3 Industry of Focus: Pharmaceuticals .............................................24 1.3.4 Industry of Focus: Medical Devices ............................................26 1.3.5 Industry of Focus: Food Distribution ...........................................27 1.3.6 Industry of Focus: Agricultural Chemicals and Biotechnology .......................27 2 Infrastructure System Characterization . .30 2.1 System-Level Analysis ...........................................................30 2.1.1 Top-Down Approach ........................................................30 2.1.2 Applying a Top-Down Approach in Puerto Rico. .32 2.2 Electricity Subsector Characterization. .35 2.2.1 Scope ....................................................................35 2.2.2 Sector Background: General ..................................................35 2.2.3 Sector Background: Puerto Rico ...............................................38 2.2.4 System Interdependencies ....................................................46 2.3 Fuels Subsector Characterization ....................................................52 2.3.1 Scope ....................................................................52 2.3.2 Sector Background: General ..................................................52 2.3.3 Sector Background: Puerto Rico ...............................................58 2.3.4 System Interdependencies ....................................................65 iii INFRASTRUCTURE INTERDEPENDENCY ASSESSMENT INFRASTRUCTURE INTERDEPENDENCY ASSESSMENT 2.4 Communications Sector Characterization .............................................71 2.4.1 Scope ....................................................................71 2.4.2 Sector Background: General ..................................................71 2.4.3 Sector Background: Puerto Rico ...............................................77 2.4.4 System Interdependencies ....................................................83 2.5 Water Subsector Characterization ...................................................86 2.5.1 Scope ....................................................................86 2.5.2 Sector Background: General ..................................................86 2.5.3 Sector Background: Puerto Rico ...............................................89 2.5.4 System Interdependencies ...................................................106 2.6 Wastewater Subsector Characterization ..............................................109 2.6.1 Scope ...................................................................109 2.6.2 Sector Background: General .................................................109 2.6.3 Sector Background: Puerto Rico ..............................................112 2.6.4 System Interdependencies ...................................................123 2.7 Maritime Transportation System Characterization .....................................130 2.7.1 Scope ...................................................................130 2.7.2 Sector Background: General .................................................130 2.7.3 Sector Background: Puerto Rico ..............................................133 2.7.4 System Interdependencies ...................................................143 2.8 Aviation System Characterization ..................................................146 2.8.1 Scope ...................................................................146 2.8.2 Sector Background: General .................................................146 2.8.3 Sector Background: Puerto Rico ..............................................148 2.8.4 System Interdependencies ...................................................157 2.9 Road Transportation System Characterization ........................................160 2.9.1 Scope ...................................................................160 2.9.2 Sector Background: General .................................................160 2.9.3 Sector Background: Puerto Rico ..............................................163 2.9.4 System Interdependencies ...................................................166 iv INFRASTRUCTURE INTERDEPENDENCY ASSESSMENT 3 Infrastructure Asset Characterization . 172 3.1 Asset-Level Analysis ............................................................172 3.1.1 Bottom-Up Approach ......................................................172 3.1.2 Applying a Bottom-Up Approach in Puerto Rico .................................174 3.2 Case Study: Assessing Infrastructure Resilience in Support of the Manatí Critical Manufacturing Cluster ....................................................177 3.2.1 Introduction. .177 3.2.2 Community Profile ........................................................177 3.2.3 Critical Manufacturing Cluster ...............................................179 3.2.4 Regional Lifeline Infrastructure ..............................................184 3.2.5 Analysis Summary .........................................................187 3.2.6 Key Findings .............................................................190 3.3 Case Study: Impact of Hurricane Maria on Critical Healthcare Supply Chains ...............193 3.3.1 Introduction. .193 3.3.2 Facility Profile ............................................................193 3.3.3 Impacts from Hurricane Maria ...............................................193 3.3.4 Long-Term Infrastructure Concerns ...........................................194 3.3.5 Considerations for Recovery Planning .........................................195 3.4 Case Study: Impact of Hurricane Maria on the Agricultural Biotechnology Industry in Puerto Rico .................................................................196 3.4.1 Introduction. .196 3.4.2 Industry Structure .........................................................197 3.4.3 Infrastructure Requirements .................................................197 3.4.4 Other Considerations. 200 3.5 Case Study: Impact of Hurricane Maria on Food Supply and Distribution in Puerto Rico ......201 3.5.1 Introduction. .201 3.5.2 Overview of Food Supply and Distribution in Puerto Rico .........................201 3.5.3 Food Warehouses in Puerto Rico ..............................................203 3.5.4 Impacts from Hurricane Maria on Food Supply and Distribution .....................205 3.5.5 Recognition of Other Hazards Facing the Food System in Puerto Rico ................205 3.5.6 Hurricane Maria Recovery: Infrastructure Considerations for Puerto Rico’s Food System .............................................................206 v INFRASTRUCTURE INTERDEPENDENCY ASSESSMENT INFRASTRUCTURE INTERDEPENDENCY ASSESSMENT 4 Path Forward . 210 Acronym List . 212. Figures 1-1: Overview of the RRAP Approach .....................................................8 1-2: Dependency and Interdependency between Two Assets ...................................11 1-3: Critical Infrastructure Dependency Matrix. 13 1-4: Top-down and Bottom-up Approaches to Regional Dependency Analysis ....................14 1-5: Infrastructure Interdependency Assessment Methodology .................................17 1-6: System of Systems Interdependency Abstraction Visual ..................................20 1-5: Direct economic output of selected industries in Puerto Rico (2016). 23 2-1: Focusing on Top-Down Interdependencies .............................................30 2-2: DHS Critical Infrastructure Taxonomy—Energy Sector ..................................36 2-3: Electricity Generation, Transmission, and Distribution Process .............................37 2-4: Puerto Rico’s 2018 Fuel Production Portfolio ..........................................39 2-5: Anticipated Electricity Generation Portfolio in 2026 .....................................40 2-6: Power Generating Facilities in Puerto Rico ............................................41 2-7: Electricity Consumption by Sector ...................................................43 2-8: Total Municipal Consumption in Millions of Kilowatt Hours (2003–2015) ...................44