A-Z Entries List

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

A-Z Entries List 001_025 (Roman) Prelims 22/6/05 2:15 pm Page 19 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF ENTRIES A Bartholomaeus of Salerno Abelard, Peter Bayt al-Hikma Abraham bar Hiyya Bede Abu Ma’shar al Balkh Benzi, Ugo Adelard of Bath Bernard de Gordon Agriculture Bernard of Verdun Agrimensores Bernard Silvester Albert of Saxony Bestiaries Albertus Magnus Biruni, al- Alchemy Boethius Alderotti, Taddeo Boethius of Dacia Alfonso,Pedro Borgognoni, Teodorico Alfonso X the Wise Botany Alfred of Sareschel Bradwardine, Thomas Algebra Bredon, Simon Almanacs Brewing Alum Bridges Anatomy Burgundio of Pisa Andalusi, Sa‘id al- Buridan, John Aquinas, Thomas Arabic numerals C Archimedes Calendar Aristotelianism Campanus de Novara Arithmetic Canals Arms and armor Cartography Arnau de Vilanova Catapults and trebuchets Articella Cathedral building Artilley and firearms Cathedral schools Astrolabes and quadrants Cecco d’Ascoli Astrology Chauce, Geoffrey Astronomy, Islamic Clepsydra Astronomy, Latin Clocks and timekeeping Coinage, Minting of B Columbus, Christopher Bacon, Roger Commercial arithmetic Bartolomeo da Varignana Communication Battani, al- Computus Bartholomaeus Anglicus Condemnation of 1277 Bartholomaeus of Bruges Consilia xix 001_025 (Roman) Prelims 22/6/05 2:15 pm Page 20 xx ALPHABETICAL LIST OF ENTRIES Constantine the African I Cosmology Ibn al-Haytham Ibn al-Saffar D Ibn al-Samh Despars, Jacques Ibn al-Zarqalluh Dioscorides Ibn Buklarish Duns Scotus, Johannes Ibn Ezra, Abraham Ibn Gabirol E Ibn Majid, Ahmad Elements and qualities Ibn Rushd Encyclopaedias Ibn Sina Eriugena, John Scottus Ibn Zuhr Euclid Idrisi, al- Eyeglasses Illumination Illustration, scientific F Impetus Farabi, al- Instruments, agricultural Fibonacci, Leonardo Instruments, medical Fihrist Irrigation and drainage Fishing Isaac Judaeus Food storage and preservation Isidore of Seville G J Galen Jabir ibn Hayyan (Geber) Generation James of Venice Gentile da Foligno Jean de Meurs Geography, chorography Johannes de Glogovia Geometry Johannes de Sancto Paulo Gerard of Cremona John of Arderne Gerbert of Aurillac John of Gaddesden Ghazali, al- John of Gmunden Gilbertus Anglicus John of Sacrobosco Giles of Rome John of Saint-Amand Gilles de Corbeil John of Saxony God in Christianity John of Seville God in Islam Jordanus de Nemore Grosseteste, Robert Gundisalvo, Domingo K Guy de Chauliac Khayyam, al- Gynecology and midwifery Khwarizimi, al- Kilwardby, Robert H Kindi, al- Henri de Mondeville Kosmas Indikopleustes Herbals Hermann of Carinthia L Heytesbury, William of Lanfranco of Milan Hildegard of Bingen Lapidaries Hippocrates “Latin Averroists” Hospitals Latitude of forms House building, housing Leather production Hugh of Saint-Victor Liuzzi, Mondino de’ Hugh of Santalla Logic Hunayn ibn Ishaq Lombard, Peter Hylomorphism Longoburgo, Bruno 001_025 (Roman) Prelims 22/6/05 2:15 pm Page 21 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF ENTRIES xxi M Planetary tables Macrobius Plato Magic and the occult Polo, Marco Magnet and magnetism Pottery Maimonides Printing Majusi, al- Profatius Judaeus Mandeville, John Pseudo-Aristotle Mark of Toledo Psychology Marsilius of Inghen Ptolemy Martianus Capella Maslama of Madrid Q Maurus of Salerno Quadrivium Medicine, practical Medicine, theoretical R Metaphysics Ravenna Meteorology Razi, al Michael Scot Reason Microcosm/macrocosm Regimen sanitatis Military architecture Regiomontanus, Johannes Mineralogy Religion and science Miracle Richard of Middleton Monsters Richard Rufus of Cornwall Monte Cassino Roads Music theory S N Salerno Natural history Scholasticism Nature: diverse medieval interpretations Scientia Nature: the structure of the physical world Shipbuilding Navigation (Arab) Siger of Brabant Nequam, Alexander South-central Asian science Niccolò da Reggio Stirrup Nicholas of Salerno Stone masonry Noria Surgery Swineshead, Richard O Optics and catoptrics T Oresme, Nicole Tacuinum sanitatis Ortolf von Baierland Technological diffusion Thabit ibn Qurra P Theodoric of Freiberg Paints, pigments, dyes Theorica planetarum Paper Thierry of Chartres Patronage of science Thomas of Cantimpre Pecham, John Toledo Peter Peregrinus Torregiano de’ Torregiani, Pietro Petrus Hispanus Translation movements Peuerbach, John Transportation Pharmaceutic handbooks Trotula Pharmacology Tusi, Nasir al-Din, al- Pharmacy and materia medica Physiognomy U Pierre d’Ailly Universities Pietro d’Abano Uqlidisi, al- Plague tractates 001_025 (Roman) Prelims 22/6/05 2:15 pm Page 22 xxii ALPHABETICAL LIST OF ENTRIES Urso of Calabria V Vernacular languages Vincent of Beauvais Vocabulary and terminology W Water supplies and sewerage Watermills Weights and measures Weights, Science of William of Conches William of Moerbeke William of Ockham Windmills Witelo Women in science Z Zacuto, Abraham Zahrawi, al- Zoology.
Recommended publications
  • Awkward Objects: Relics, the Making of Religious Meaning, and The
    Awkward Objects: Relics, the Making of Religious Meaning, and the Limits of Control in the Information Age Jan W Geisbusch University College London Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor in Anthropology. 15 September 2008 UMI Number: U591518 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U591518 Published by ProQuest LLC 2013. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Declaration of authorship: I, Jan W Geisbusch, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Signature: London, 15.09.2008 Acknowledgments A thesis involving several years of research will always be indebted to the input and advise of numerous people, not all of whom the author will be able to recall. However, my thanks must go, firstly, to my supervisor, Prof Michael Rowlands, who patiently and smoothly steered the thesis round a fair few cliffs, and, secondly, to my informants in Rome and on the Internet. Research was made possible by a grant from the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC).
    [Show full text]
  • The Well-Trained Theologian
    THE WELL-TRAINED THEOLOGIAN essential texts for retrieving classical Christian theology part 1, patristic and medieval Matthew Barrett Credo 2020 Over the last several decades, evangelicalism’s lack of roots has become conspicuous. Many years ago, I experienced this firsthand as a university student and eventually as a seminary student. Books from the past were segregated to classes in church history, while classes on hermeneutics and biblical exegesis carried on as if no one had exegeted scripture prior to the Enlightenment. Sometimes systematics suffered from the same literary amnesia. When I first entered the PhD system, eager to continue my theological quest, I was given a long list of books to read just like every other student. Looking back, I now see what I could not see at the time: out of eight pages of bibliography, you could count on one hand the books that predated the modern era. I have taught at Christian colleges and seminaries on both sides of the Atlantic for a decade now and I can say, in all honesty, not much has changed. As students begin courses and prepare for seminars, as pastors are trained for the pulpit, they are not required to engage the wisdom of the ancient past firsthand or what many have labelled classical Christianity. Such chronological snobbery, as C. S. Lewis called it, is pervasive. The consequences of such a lopsided diet are now starting to unveil themselves. Recent controversy over the Trinity, for example, has manifested our ignorance of doctrines like eternal generation, a doctrine not only basic to biblical interpretation and Christian orthodoxy for almost two centuries, but a doctrine fundamental to the church’s Christian identity.
    [Show full text]
  • Theories and Images of Creation in Northern Europe in the Twelfth Century
    Art History ISSN 0141-6790 Vol. 22 No. 1 March 1999 pp. 3-55 In the Beginning: Theories and images of creation in Northern Europe in the twelfth century Conrad Rudolph 'Logic has made me hated by the world!' So Peter Abelard thought and wrote to his former lover, the brilliant Heloise, in probably his last letter to her before his death in 1142, after having been virtually driven from Paris by Bernard of Clairvaux, the austere Cistercian mystic and perhaps the most powerful ecclesiastical politician of Western Europe.1 Characteristically for Abelard in matters of self-conception, he was exaggerating. Logic had made him hated not by the world but by only a portion of it. While this was certainly an influential portion and one that had almost succeeded in destroying him, it could never do so entirely. In fact, logic had made Abelard 'the Socrates of the Gauls, the great Plato of the West, our Aristotle ... the prince of scholars'2- and this, this great fame and the almost unprecedented influence that accompanied it, was as much the problem as logic was. In a word, Abelard had been caught up in the politics of theology. The time was one of great theological inquiry, challenging, as it did, the very authority of divine revelation on the most fundamental level, and at a moment when both interest in secular learning and the number of students were dramatically increasing - all factors that can hardly be over-emphasized. But for certain elements within the Church, more still was at stake. And this was nothing less than a perceived assault on one of the basic underpinnings of the complex relationship between religion, theology, society and political power.
    [Show full text]
  • Tensions Between Scientia and Ars in Medieval Natural Philosophy and Magic Isabelle Draelants
    The notion of ‘Properties’ : Tensions between Scientia and Ars in medieval natural philosophy and magic Isabelle Draelants To cite this version: Isabelle Draelants. The notion of ‘Properties’ : Tensions between Scientia and Ars in medieval natural philosophy and magic. Sophie PAGE – Catherine RIDER, eds., The Routledge History of Medieval Magic, p. 169-186, 2019. halshs-03092184 HAL Id: halshs-03092184 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03092184 Submitted on 16 Jan 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. This article was downloaded by: University College London On: 27 Nov 2019 Access details: subscription number 11237 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London SW1P 1WG, UK The Routledge History of Medieval Magic Sophie Page, Catherine Rider The notion of properties Publication details https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9781315613192-14 Isabelle Draelants Published online on: 20 Feb 2019 How to cite :- Isabelle Draelants. 20 Feb 2019, The notion of properties from: The Routledge History of Medieval Magic Routledge Accessed on: 27 Nov 2019 https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9781315613192-14 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR DOCUMENT Full terms and conditions of use: https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/legal-notices/terms This Document PDF may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes.
    [Show full text]
  • Trans. Greek Thot Handout
    11/14/19 TRANSMISSION OF GREEK THOUGHT TO THE WEST PLATO & NEOPLATONISM Chalcidius (late 3rd-early 4th cent. Christian exegete): incomplete translation & commentary of Timeaus Henricus Aristippus in Sicily (12th c.): translated the Meno and Phaedo Leonardo Bruni (c. 1370-1444/Florence) translated a selection of Plato’s dialogues (from Greek to Latin). Marsilio Ficino (1433-1499/Florence): 1st complete translation into Latin of Plato’s works (publ. 1496), and translation of Plotinus’s Enneads into Latin (1492). Neoplatonic thought was transmitted in the following: (a) Boethius’ Consolation of Philosophy (written 524, in prison) (b) Macrobius’ Commentary on Cicero’s Dream of Scipio (written c. 400 CE). (c) Pseudo-Dionysius. A collection of writings attributed to Dionysius the Aeropagite (see Acts 17:34), but 19th century scholarship determined to be written c. 500 by a disciple of Proclus, held considerable authority throughout the middle ages and was a Christian Neoplatonism. (d) Theologica Aristotelis: this summary of Books 4-6 of Plotinus’s Enneads had been wrongly attributed to Aristotle (until 13th century) (e) Liber de Causis: this work based on Proclus’s Elements of Theology was wrongly attributed to Aristotle (until 13th century). ARISTOTLE Victorinus (4th century): Latin translations of Aristotle’s Categories and De interpretatione, as well as of Porphyry’s Isagoge. Boethius (470-524/Padua?): translated the entire Organon and wrote commentaries on all but the Posterior Analytics), as well as a translation of Porphyry’s introduction (Isagoge) to the Categories, but only De Interp. and Categories were readily available until 12th century. James of Venice (c.1128): translated Posterior Analytics; with the rediscovery of other translations by Boethius, this completed the Organon.
    [Show full text]
  • Thomas Aquinas on the Separability of Accidents and Dietrich of Freiberg’S Critique
    Thomas Aquinas on the Separability of Accidents and Dietrich of Freiberg’s Critique David Roderick McPike Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctorate in Philosophy degree in Philosophy Department of Philosophy Faculty of Arts University of Ottawa © David Roderick McPike, Ottawa, Canada, 2015 Abstract The opening chapter briefly introduces the Catholic doctrine of the Eucharist and the history of its appropriation into the systematic rational discourse of philosophy, as culminating in Thomas Aquinas’ account of transubstantiation with its metaphysical elaboration of the separability of accidents from their subject (a substance), so as to exist (supernaturally) without a subject. Chapter Two expounds St. Thomas’ account of the separability of accidents from their subject. It shows that Thomas presents a consistent rational articulation of his position throughout his works on the subject. Chapter Three expounds Dietrich of Freiberg’s rejection of Thomas’ view, examining in detail his treatise De accidentibus, which is expressly dedicated to demonstrating the utter impossibility of separate accidents. Especially in light of Kurt Flasch’s influential analysis of this work, which praises Dietrich for his superior level of ‘methodological consciousness,’ this chapter aims to be painstaking in its exposition and to comprehensively present Dietrich’s own views just as we find them, before taking up the task of critically assessing Dietrich’s position. Chapter Four critically analyses the competing doctrinal positions expounded in the preceding two chapters. It analyses the various elements of Dietrich’s case against Thomas and attempts to pinpoint wherein Thomas and Dietrich agree and wherein they part ways.
    [Show full text]
  • The Weight of Comparing in Medieval England
    The Weight of Comparing in Medieval England David Gary Shaw Abstract1 How important and common were the practices of comparing in medieval England (1150- 1500)? Focusing on activities that tended to have a pragmatic rather than purely logical in- tention, this chapter first considers medieval comparing on technical matters such as weigh- ing and measuring for the market and for agricultural efficiency. Then, however, we consider as well the more controversial comparing of humans by examining its place in taxing and ranking people; in assessing religious diversity; and even discerning the moralizing uses of comparing in literature and art. As it turns out, comparing could be perilous when humans were the subjects. Introduction It is possible that comparison might be everywhere in history, but we might also suppose that comparing might matter less in some moments and places than oth- ers. Especially given the sense that there is something distinctive and powerful about comparison in contemporary life, it is important to try to get a sense for the range, variety, and importance of modes of comparison in other times and places. In this chapter, I inquire into the place and weight of comparative thinking in Eng- land in the later medieval period. It is not an easy task, because the definition of the comparative and of com- parative practices is hardly settled. There is probably some amount of comparative activity in all European societies and moments, but we can expect that the compo- sition of the comparative practices will vary and maybe vary significantly; and that will raise problems for making any longer-term narratives.
    [Show full text]
  • Renaissance Theories of Vision Edited by John Hendrix, University of Lincoln, UK and Rhode Island School of Design and Roger Williams University, USA, and Charles H
    Renaissance Theories of Vision Edited by John Hendrix, University of Lincoln, UK and Rhode Island School of Design and Roger Williams University, USA, and Charles H. Carman, University at Buffalo, USA Visual Culture in Early Modernity December 2010 244 x 172 mm 258 pages Hardback 978-1-4094-0024-0 £65.00 Includes 18 b&w illustrations How are processes of vision, perception, and sensation conceived in the Renaissance? How are those conceptions made manifest in the arts? The essays in this volume address these and similar questions to establish important theoretical and philosophical bases for artistic production in the Renaissance and beyond. The essays also attend to the views of historically significant writers from the ancient classical period to the eighteenth century, including Plato, Aristotle, Plotinus, St Augustine, Ibn Sina (Avicenna), Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), Ibn Sahl, Marsilio Ficino, Nicholas of Cusa, Leon Battista Alberti, Gian Paolo Lomazzo, Gregorio Comanini, John Davies, Rene Descartes, Samuel van Hoogstraten, and George Berkeley. Contributors carefully scrutinize and illustrate the effect of changing and evolving ideas of intellectual and physical vision on artistic practice in Florence, Rome, Venice, England, Austria, and the Netherlands. The artists whose work and practices are discussed include Fra Angelico, Donatello, Leonardo da Vinci, Filippino Lippi, Giovanni Bellini, Raphael, Parmigianino, Titian, Bronzino, Johannes Gumpp and Rembrandt van Rijn. Taken together, the essays provide the reader with a fresh perspective on the intellectual confluence between art, science, philosophy, and literature across Renaissance Europe. Contents Introduction, John S. Hendrix and Charles H. Carman; Classical optics and the perspectivae traditions leading to the Renaissance, Nader El-Bizri; Meanings of perspective in the Renaissance: tensions and resolution, Charles H.
    [Show full text]
  • Hugh of St. Victor on “Jesus Wept”: Compassion As Ideal Humanitas
    Theological Studies 69 (2008) HUGH OF ST. VICTOR ON “JESUS WEPT”: COMPASSION AS IDEAL HUMANITAS BOYD TAYLOR COOLMAN In his brief, On the Four Wills in Christ, Hugh of St. Victor (d. 1141) offers a carefully nuanced depiction of Jesus’ human nature that showcases his human capacity for compassion. Hugh is keen, however, not only to underscore Jesus’ human capacity for com- passion but also to identify such fellow-feeling as the signature at- tribute of ideal human nature. Accordingly, one finds throughout the Victorine’s corpus that, on this christological basis, Hugh advo- cates an ethic of compassion for human beings generally. OWARD THE END OF THE ELEVENTH CENTURY, interest in the humanity T of Jesus surged markedly throughout Europe. Poets, preachers, art- ists, and monks, in places such as London, Paris, and Rome, gave expres- sion to this apparently deep and widespread shift in religious feeling. Re- flecting and extending this development in the twelfth century, theologians as diverse as Anselm of Canterbury and Bernard of Clairvaux placed Christ’s humanity at the center of their theological reflection and spiritual devotion, a move later medieval generations would emulate.1 The manifold conceptions of Jesus’ humanity produced in what has been called “the BOYD TAYLOR COOLMAN holds a Ph.D. from the University of Notre Dame and is assistant professor of theology at Boston College. His special interest in 12th- and 13th-century theology is reflected in his recent publications: “The Salvific Affec- tivity of Christ in Alexander of Hales,” Thomist 71 (2007); and “Hugh of St Victor,” in The Sermon on the Mount through the Centuries, ed.
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Vitae Thomas E
    Curriculum vitae Thomas E. Burman Medieval Institute / Department of History University of Notre Dame 574-631-6603 [email protected] Citizenship: United States of America EDUCATION UNIVERSITY EDUCATION B. A. Whitman College (Walla Walla, WA), May 1984, with majors in History and Spanish Language and Literature. M. A. in Medieval Studies, University of Toronto, November, 1986. M. L. S. (Licentiate of Mediaeval Studies), sectio historica, from the Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies (Toronto), May 1989. Thesis title: “The Influence of the Apology of al-Kindī and Contrarietas alfolica on Lull’s Late Religious Polemics, 1305-1313.” Ph.D. in Medieval Studies, University of Toronto, November, 1991. Major field of study: Medieval Spanish Intellectual and Social History. Minor Fields: 1] Middle East and Islamic Studies; 2] Latin Paleography and the Editing of Latin Texts. Dissertation title: “Spain’s Arab Christians and Islam, 1050-1220: The Text of Liber denudationis (alias Contrarietas alfolica) and its Intellectual Milieu.” Dissertation supervisor: J. N. Hillgarth, Professor of History, University of Toronto, and Senior Fellow, the Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, Toronto. LANgUAgES Advanced Conversational and Reading Knowledge of Spanish. Advanced Reading Knowledge of Latin, Arabic, Hebrew, and French. Limited Conversational Ability in Arabic and French. Reading Knowledge of german, Italian, Portuguese, Catalan, Aramaic PROFESSIONAL HISTORY ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS Assistant Professor of History, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, August, 1991 - July, 1997. On leave from the University of Tennessee as Visiting Assistant Professor and Rockefeller Research Fellow at the Center for the Study of Islamic Societies and Civilizations, Washington University, St. Louis, 1992-93. Associate Professor History, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, August, 1997 – July 2008.
    [Show full text]
  • Latin Averroes Translations of the First Half of the Thirteenth Century
    D.N. Hasse 1 Latin Averroes Translations of the First Half of the Thirteenth Century Dag Nikolaus Hasse (Würzburg)1 Palermo is a particularly appropriate place for delivering a paper about Latin translations of Averroes in the first half of the thirteenth century. Michael Scot and William of Luna, two of the translators, were associated with the court of the Hohenstaufen in Sicily and Southern Italy. Michael Scot moved to Italy around 1220. He was coming from Toledo, where he had already translated at least two major works from Arabic: the astronomy of al-BitrÚºÍ and the 19 books on animals by Aristotle. In Italy, he dedicated the translation of Avicenna’s book on animals to Frederick II Hohenstaufen, and he mentions that two books of his own were commissioned by Frederick: the Liber introductorius and the commentary on the Sphere of Sacrobosco. He refers to himself as astrologus Frederici. His Averroes translation, however, the Long Commentary on De caelo, is dedicated to the French cleric Étienne de Provins, who had close ties to the papal court. It is important to remember that Michael Scot himself, the canon of the cathedral of Toledo, was not only associated with the Hohenstaufen, but also with the papal court.2 William of Luna, the other translator, was working apud Neapolim, in the area of Naples. It seems likely that William of Luna was associated to Manfred of Hohenstaufen, ruler of Sicily.3 Sicily therefore is a good place for an attempt to say something new about Michael Scot and William of Luna. In this artic le, I shall try to do this by studying particles: small words used by translators.
    [Show full text]
  • Connections Between Institutional and Lay Natural Philosophical Texts in Medieval England
    University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2015 Bridging Discourse: Connections Between Institutional and Lay Natural Philosophical Texts in Medieval England Alayne Lorden University of Central Florida Part of the History Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Masters Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Lorden, Alayne, "Bridging Discourse: Connections Between Institutional and Lay Natural Philosophical Texts in Medieval England" (2015). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 691. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/691 BRIDGING DISCOURSE: CONNECTIONS BETWEEN INSTITUTIONAL AND LAY NATURAL PHILOSOPHICAL TEXTS IN MEDIEVAL ENGLAND by ALAYNE ELIZABETH BENSON B.A. University of Central Florida, 2012 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of History in the College of Arts and Humanities at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Summer Term 2015 © 2015 Alayne E. Benson ii ABSTRACT Translations of works containing Arabic and ancient Greek knowledge of the philosophical and mechanical underpinnings of the natural world—a field of study called natural philosophy—were disseminated throughout twelfth-century England. During the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, institutional (ecclesiastical/university) scholars received and further developed this natural philosophical knowledge by reconciling it with Christian authoritative sources (the Bible and works by the Church Fathers).
    [Show full text]