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2016 Air Quality Annual Status Report (ASR)

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2016 Air Quality Annual Status Report (ASR) DARTFORD Dartford Borough Council BOROUGH COUNCIL 2016 Air Quality Annual Status Report (ASR) In fulfilment of Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 Dartford Borough Council Local Authority James Fox Officer Department Environmental Health Address Dartford Borough Council Telephone 01322 343434 E-mail [email protected] Report Reference DBCASR16 number Date January 2017 LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 Dartford Borough Council Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area This report fulfils the requirements of the Local Air Quality Management as set out in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995), the Air Quality Strategy for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland 2007 and the relevant Policy and Technical Guidance documents. Air Quality in Dartford Borough Air pollution is associated with a number of adverse health impacts. It is recognised as a contributing factor in the onset of heart disease and cancer. Additionally, air pollution particularly affects the most vulnerable in society: children and older people, and those with heart and lung conditions. There is also often a strong correlation with equalities issues, because areas with poor air quality are also often the less affluent areas1,2. The annual health cost to society of the impacts of particulate matter alone in the UK is estimated to be around £16 billion3. The main source of air pollution in the borough is road traffic emissions from major roads, notably the M25, A282, A2, A226, A296 and A206. Dartford suffers from significant congestion, especially on the A282 Dartford Tunnel Approach Road, A2 Bean Interchange for Bluewater and main approach roads into Dartford town centre. Four Air Quality Management Areas (AQMA’s) have been declared along these roads where exceedences of NO2 and PM10 objectives were predicted. Other pollution sources, including commercial, industrial and domestic sources, also make a contribution to background pollution concentrations. Dartford Borough Council has maintained a large network of air quality monitoring across the Borough. Much of the monitoring is carried out within the existing AQMAs. Where results show that pollutant levels within these areas continue to be above the Air Quality Objectives 1 Environmental equity, air quality, socioeconomic status and respiratory health, 2010 2 Air quality and social deprivation in the UK: an environmental inequalities analysis, 2006 3 Defra. Abatement cost guidance for valuing changes in air quality, May 2013 LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 1 Dartford Borough Council Mean levels of NO2 between 23 & 30 μg/m3 have been recorded in 2015 at four background sites. The majority of monitoring carried out within the borough of Dartford is at locations classified as being roadside, and consideration should be given that these results do not indicate the levels of exposure at the nearest receptor to the pollution source. Monitored pollution levels are generally slightly lower in 2015 than in the preceding year. Although levels remain high and are above air quality objective levels at most monitored roadside sites. Monitored levels of PM10 remained below the objective levels at the three monitoring sites within the borough. Two diffusion tube monitoring locations have highlighted the risk of a breach of the 1- hour mean objective. Detailed assessment and/or additional monitoring will be required to confirm whether or not this objective is breached at these locations. Further information can be found using the following link: https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/aqma/local-authorities?la_id=75 Actions to Improve Air Quality The primary source of pollution in Dartford is derived from vehicles. Levels of nitrogen dioxide pollution rise in many locations in Dartford during 2013. It is not known the exact cause for this step change, however much of the traffic on Dartford local roads is overspill traffic from the major trunk roads and incidents occurring on these roads cause major traffic gridlock on many of Dartford’s local roads. Frequent incidents occur at the Dartford Road Crossing that have significant impacts on the local road network. Dartford Borough Council continues to oppose the delivery of a new lower Thames crossing to be located at Dartford and continues to lobby Central Government for the delivery of a new Lower Thames Crossing to the East of Gravesend to help to ease the congestion at the existing crossing and on the local road network in Dartford. Details of specific action plan measures can be seen in table 2.2. LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 2 Dartford Borough Council Local Priorities and Challenges Dartford has a number of Challenges in relation to air pollution. Road traffic is the principle source of pollution in the borough, with two major trunk roads (M25/A282 & A2) running through the Borough. Congestion is also a problem on the local road network caused by a combination of local traffic and overspill traffic from the major trunk roads. The main priority for Dartford is relief for the congestion problems that are caused at the Dartford River Crossing. Despite the removal of barriers and the introduction of ‘free flowing’ traffic at the crossing congestion continues at the crossing. The congestion at the river crossing often causes severe traffic issues on the local roads. A new Lower Thames Crossing away to the East of Gravesend is vital in improving air pollution in Dartford. Kent County Council published its draft Local Transport Plan (LTP4) in 2016. This plan acknowledges the importance of the Thames Gateway growth area and highlights key transport improvements needed to deliver growth in this area. These are. A2 Bean junction upgrade A2 Ebbsfleet junction upgrade Increased high speed rail services to ebbsfleet Crossrail extension from Abbywood to Dartford, Ebbsfleet and Gravesend. The report highlights the provision of a new Lower Thames Crossing to the East of Gravesend as a national priority to unlock growth, improve journey time reliability, improve network resilience, and enable opportunities for regeneration. Dartford Borough Council adopted its core strategy in 2011and along with saved policies from the local plan (1995) provide policies with regard to air quality and planning applications. Saved policy B1 states that: ‘The following factors will be taken into account in considering development proposals: LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 3 Dartford Borough Council Proposed use – The nature and characteristics of the proposed used should be appropriate for its location and should not have a detrimental effect on the local are through visual impact, traffic generation, noise, fumes or other factors. How to Get Involved Members of the public can help to improve air quality by making small changes to their everyday lives. Walking and cycling instead of making car journeys will reduce the amount of traffic on the local roads and reducing emissions and also helping to improve the congestion. Other small changes include not allowing car engines to idle when vehicles are stationary. LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 4 Dartford Borough Council Table of Contents Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area ......................................................... 1 Air Quality in Dartford Borough ......................................................................................... 1 Actions to Improve Air Quality ........................................................................................... 2 Local Priorities and Challenges ......................................................................................... 3 How to Get Involved.......................................................................................................... 4 1 Local Air Quality Management ........................................................................ 6 2 Actions to Improve Air Quality ........................................................................ 7 2.1 Air Quality Management Areas .............................................................................. 7 2.2 Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in Dartford Borough ...... 7 2.3 PM2.5 – Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and or Concentrations.................................................................................................................16 3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance .................................................................... 17 3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken .....................................................................17 3.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites .......................................................................................... 17 3.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites................................................................................... 18 3.2 Individual Pollutants .............................................................................................18 3.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)................................................................................................. 18 3.2.2 Particulate Matter (PM10) .............................................................................................. 19 3.2.3 Particulate Matter (PM2.5) ............................................................................................. 19 3.2.4 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) .................................................................................................. 19 Appendix A: Monitoring
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