DARTFORD Borough Council BOROUGH COUNCIL

2016 Air Quality Annual Status Report (ASR)

In fulfilment of Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 Dartford Borough Council

Local Authority James Fox Officer Department Environmental Health

Address Dartford Borough Council

Telephone 01322 343434

E-mail [email protected] Report Reference DBCASR16 number Date January 2017

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 Dartford Borough Council

Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area This report fulfils the requirements of the Local Air Quality Management as set out in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995), the Air Quality Strategy for , Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland 2007 and the relevant Policy and Technical Guidance documents.

Air Quality in Dartford Borough

Air pollution is associated with a number of adverse health impacts. It is recognised as a contributing factor in the onset of heart disease and cancer. Additionally, air pollution particularly affects the most vulnerable in society: children and older people, and those with heart and lung conditions. There is also often a strong correlation with equalities issues, because areas with poor air quality are also often the less affluent areas1,2.

The annual health cost to society of the impacts of particulate matter alone in the UK is estimated to be around £16 billion3.

The main source of air pollution in the borough is road traffic emissions from major roads, notably the M25, A282, A2, A226, A296 and A206. Dartford suffers from significant congestion, especially on the A282 Dartford Tunnel Approach Road, A2 Bean Interchange for Bluewater and main approach roads into Dartford town centre. Four Air Quality Management Areas (AQMA’s) have been declared along these roads where exceedences of NO2 and PM10 objectives were predicted. Other pollution sources, including commercial, industrial and domestic sources, also make a contribution to background pollution concentrations.

Dartford Borough Council has maintained a large network of air quality monitoring across the Borough.

Much of the monitoring is carried out within the existing AQMAs. Where results show that pollutant levels within these areas continue to be above the Air Quality Objectives

1 Environmental equity, air quality, socioeconomic status and respiratory health, 2010 2 Air quality and social deprivation in the UK: an environmental inequalities analysis, 2006 3 Defra. Abatement cost guidance for valuing changes in air quality, May 2013

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Mean levels of NO2 between 23 & 30 μg/m3 have been recorded in 2015 at four background sites.

The majority of monitoring carried out within the borough of Dartford is at locations classified as being roadside, and consideration should be given that these results do not indicate the levels of exposure at the nearest receptor to the pollution source.

Monitored pollution levels are generally slightly lower in 2015 than in the preceding year. Although levels remain high and are above air quality objective levels at most monitored roadside sites.

Monitored levels of PM10 remained below the objective levels at the three monitoring sites within the borough.

Two diffusion tube monitoring locations have highlighted the risk of a breach of the 1- hour mean objective. Detailed assessment and/or additional monitoring will be required to confirm whether or not this objective is breached at these locations.

Further information can be found using the following link: https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/aqma/local-authorities?la_id=75

Actions to Improve Air Quality

The primary source of pollution in Dartford is derived from vehicles. Levels of nitrogen dioxide pollution rise in many locations in Dartford during 2013. It is not known the exact cause for this step change, however much of the traffic on Dartford local roads is overspill traffic from the major trunk roads and incidents occurring on these roads cause major traffic gridlock on many of Dartford’s local roads. Frequent incidents occur at the Dartford Road Crossing that have significant impacts on the local road network.

Dartford Borough Council continues to oppose the delivery of a new to be located at Dartford and continues to lobby Central Government for the delivery of a new Lower Thames Crossing to the East of to help to ease the congestion at the existing crossing and on the local road network in Dartford.

Details of specific action plan measures can be seen in table 2.2.

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Local Priorities and Challenges

Dartford has a number of Challenges in relation to air pollution. Road traffic is the principle source of pollution in the borough, with two major trunk roads (M25/A282 & A2) running through the Borough. Congestion is also a problem on the local road network caused by a combination of local traffic and overspill traffic from the major trunk roads. The main priority for Dartford is relief for the congestion problems that are caused at the Dartford River Crossing. Despite the removal of barriers and the introduction of ‘free flowing’ traffic at the crossing congestion continues at the crossing. The congestion at the river crossing often causes severe traffic issues on the local roads. A new Lower Thames Crossing away to the East of Gravesend is vital in improving air pollution in Dartford.

Kent County Council published its draft Local Transport Plan (LTP4) in 2016. This plan acknowledges the importance of the growth area and highlights key transport improvements needed to deliver growth in this area. These are.

 A2 Bean junction upgrade

 A2 Ebbsfleet junction upgrade

 Increased high speed rail services to ebbsfleet

 Crossrail extension from Abbywood to Dartford, Ebbsfleet and Gravesend.

The report highlights the provision of a new Lower Thames Crossing to the East of Gravesend as a national priority to unlock growth, improve journey time reliability, improve network resilience, and enable opportunities for regeneration.

Dartford Borough Council adopted its core strategy in 2011and along with saved policies from the local plan (1995) provide policies with regard to air quality and planning applications.

Saved policy B1 states that: ‘The following factors will be taken into account in considering development proposals:

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Proposed use – The nature and characteristics of the proposed used should be appropriate for its location and should not have a detrimental effect on the local are through visual impact, traffic generation, noise, fumes or other factors.

How to Get Involved

Members of the public can help to improve air quality by making small changes to their everyday lives. Walking and cycling instead of making car journeys will reduce the amount of traffic on the local roads and reducing emissions and also helping to improve the congestion. Other small changes include not allowing car engines to idle when vehicles are stationary.

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Table of Contents

Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area ...... 1 Air Quality in Dartford Borough ...... 1 Actions to Improve Air Quality ...... 2 Local Priorities and Challenges ...... 3 How to Get Involved...... 4 1 Local Air Quality Management ...... 6 2 Actions to Improve Air Quality ...... 7 2.1 Air Quality Management Areas ...... 7 2.2 Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in Dartford Borough ...... 7

2.3 PM2.5 – Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and or Concentrations...... 16 3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance ...... 17 3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken ...... 17 3.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites ...... 17 3.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites...... 18 3.2 Individual Pollutants ...... 18

3.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)...... 18

3.2.2 Particulate Matter (PM10) ...... 19

3.2.3 Particulate Matter (PM2.5) ...... 19

3.2.4 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) ...... 19 Appendix A: Monitoring Results ...... 21 Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2015 ...... 33 Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC ...... 36 Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations ...... 38 Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England ...... 39 Appendix F: Trends in NO2 Diffusion Tube Monitoring……………………… Glossary of Terms ...... 40 References ...... 44

List of Tables Table 2.1 – Declared Air Quality Management Areas ...... 7 Table 2.2 – Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality ...... 9

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1 Local Air Quality Management This report provides an overview of air quality in Dartford Borough during 2015. It fulfils the requirements of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) as set out in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995) and the relevant Policy and Technical Guidance documents.

The LAQM process places an obligation on all local authorities to regularly review and assess air quality in their areas, and to determine whether or not the air quality objectives are likely to be achieved. Where an exceedance is considered likely the local authority must declare an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) setting out the measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives. This Annual Status Report (ASR) is an annual requirement showing the strategies employed by Dartford Borough Council to improve air quality and any progress that has been made.

The statutory air quality objectives applicable to LAQM in England can be found in Table E.1 in Appendix E.

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2 Actions to Improve Air Quality 2.1 Air Quality Management Areas

Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) are declared when there is an exceedance or likely exceedance of an air quality objective. After declaration, the authority must prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) within 12-18 months setting out measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives.

A summary of AQMAs declared by Dartford Borough Council can be found in Table 2.1. Further information related to declared or revoked AQMAs, including maps of AQMA boundaries are available online at: https://www.dartford.gov.uk/by- category/environment-and-planning2/Environmental-Health-Homepage/pollution/air- quality

Table 2.1 – Declared Air Quality Management Areas Pollutants and City / AQMA Name Air Quality One Line Description Action Plan Town Objectives A282 Tunnel NO annual The approach road to the 2 A282 Tunnel Approach mean which is Dartford Approach Road Road Action PM annual flanked at several points by 10 Action Plan (1) Plan mean residential properties. The length of Road Dartford Town and NO annual 2 (A226) which runs from Approach Roads, London mean Dartford in the east to A226 London Road Road PM 24-hour 10 the Princes Road and Bean Interchange mean roundabout, Dartford. Action Plan (1) Dartford Dartford Town and Town Centre Several stretches of road Approach Roads, NO annual and 2 Dartford converging on Dartford town A226 London Road mean Approach centre. and Bean Interchange Roads Action Plan (1) An area encompassing Dartford Town and residential properties near to Approach Roads, Bean NO annual 2 Dartford the Bean Interchange A226 London Road Interchange mean between the A2 and and Bean Interchange Bluewater Shopping Centre. Action Plan (1)

1 Action plans available at: https://www.dartford.gov.uk/by-category/environment-and-planning2/Environmental- Health-Homepage/pollution/air-quality

Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in Dartford Borough

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 7 Dartford Borough Council

Dartford Borough Council has taken forward a number of measures during the current reporting year of 2015 in pursuit of improving local air quality. Details of all measures completed, in progress or planned are set out in Table 2.2. More detail on these measures can be found in their respective Action Plans

Many of the actions within the original action plan for the A282 tunnel approach road AQMA have been completed or ruled infeasible by the appropriate authority. Despite this, pollution levels in this area remain high. Dartford Borough Council is currently working on producing a new action plan.

Some measures within action plans require major transport infrastructure works many of these works have been delayed, however, Highways England are proposing to consult on A2 junction improvements at Bean. Dartford Borough Council are working with Highways England to ensure that these improvements bring air quality benefits to this area.

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Table 2.2 – Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality

Key Imple Perfor Target Pollution Measure EU Planning menta manc Estimated Measure EU Category Lead Authority Reduction in Progress to Date Comments No. Classification Phase tion e Completion Date the AQMA Phase Indica tor Lobbying Central Government Route for Freight and Management No specific Ongoi 1 Improved Delivery Plans/ Strategic DBC/KCC Ongoing N/A reduction ongoing N/A ng existing rail Management routing strategy target freight for HGV's infrastructur e Route New rail Freight and Management No specific freight 2 Delivery Plans/ Strategic DBC/KCC Ongoing Ongoing N/A reduction Ongoing N/A infrastructur Management routing strategy target e for HGV's

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Key Imple Perfor Target Pollution Measure EU Planning menta manc Estimated Measure EU Category Lead Authority Reduction in Progress to Date Comments No. Classification Phase tion e Completion Date the AQMA Phase Indica tor The congestion at the A282 tunnel The Department for Transport approach road (DfT) commissioned a study into causes ways to address capacity significant constraints at the Dartford- issues in River Crossing. This Dartford – not Lobbying study identified that there is an only on this Central existing problem, in terms of Construc road itself, but Government No specific capacity and operational Traffic tion of also on the 3 for New Other Ongoing 2003 reduction performance. Options for 2025 Management DBC new local road Lower target improvement include: Making crossing network. A Thames Better Use of the crossing second Lower Crossing redesign of the toll plaza and Thames three major options for a new crossing is crossing. Dartford Borough vital in Council opposes the option for providing relief this additional crossing to be at from this the site of the existing crossing. congestion and subsequent pollution. Whilst speed restrictions have Speed been implemented air quality restriction Traffic completi benefits from this measure have 4 and Other Highways completed 2010 14% NO2 2010 Management on not been achieved due to the enforcemen England high levels of congestion that t exist on this road. Use of variable Traffic completi No specific Variable message signs in 5 Other Highways completed 2010 message Management England on target operation signs

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Key Imple Perfor Target Pollution Measure EU Planning menta manc Estimated Measure EU Category Lead Authority Reduction in Progress to Date Comments No. Classification Phase tion e Completion Date the AQMA Phase Indica tor Despite the removal of the Assessment barriers, of the Traffic No specific A free-flow charging scheme at significant 6 impact of Other Highways completed 2012 completed Management target Dartford went live in 2014. congestion still the toll England exists at the system North bound crossing.

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Key Imple Perfor Target Pollution Measure EU Planning menta manc Estimated Measure EU Category Lead Authority Reduction in Progress to Date Comments No. Classification Phase tion e Completion Date the AQMA Phase Indica tor An Environmental study commissioned by the Highways Agency commenced in August 2008 to investigate if any measures can be implemented to improve the air quality adjacent to the A282 including extra planting and screening. This concluded that when the A282 was widened, the steepness of the cutting slopes was increased meaning that there is little room for intensive planting. This coupled with its close proximity to traffic on the A282 has created a very challenging environment for Installati landscape planting. Existing on of vegetation has been extremely Restricted Improved Traffic improve slow to establish and is very 7 Other Highways - 2005 benefits – up N/A screening Management d patchy in places. The HA has England to 35% NO2 screenin attempted to enrich the planting g but this has been largely unsuccessful.

When the application for residential development at the Tyler’s site in Brent Way was proposed an agreement was reached with the developer that they would look to install a physical barrier along this section for noise and air quality improvements as part of a section 106 agreement. However the proposals were not acceptable to the Highways Agency due to long term cost and liability issues. As a result the scheme could not progress.

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Key Imple Perfor Target Pollution Measure EU Planning menta manc Estimated Measure EU Category Lead Authority Reduction in Progress to Date Comments No. Classification Phase tion e Completion Date the AQMA Phase Indica tor Junction Air improvemen UTC, quality Air quality Proposals within the local ts St Traffic Congestion Ongoi objectiv objectives to transport plan for the 8 Ongoing No current estimate Clements Management management, DBC/KCC ng es to be be met in improvement (with developer Way traffic reduction met in AQMA contributions) of this Junction. A226/B255 AQMA DBC to work with Highways Air England to UTC, quality Air quality Improveme Public consultation on ensure Traffic Congestion Ongoi objective objectives to 9 nts at Bean Highways Ongoing improvements at this junction to 2023 junction Management management, ng s to be be met in Interchange England be carried out in 2016 improvements traffic reduction met in AQMA bring air AQMA quality benefits to the area. Traffic Air Manageme Included within the 2010/2011 UTC, quality Air quality nt LTP schemes to be retained. Traffic Congestion Ongoi objective objectives to 10 Improveme Ongoing ANPR cameras and VMS are to No current estimate Management management, KCC ng s to be be met in nts – be installed on strategic traffic reduction met in AQMA Dartford corridors AQMA UTMC Strategic began operation in highway 2006 and is planned to improvements, ultimately connect nearly all of Re-prioritising the major existing and new road space Public developments in Dartford. Fastrack to be away from transport Impleme Passenger surveys were carried expanded to cars, inc infrastructur Traffic ntation No specific out in October 2006 which include new 11 Access Completed 2006 2006 e Management KCC/DBC of the target showed that 19% of our major management, improvemen system passengers had previously used developments Selective ts: Fastrack a car for the trip now being in the area. vehicle priority, made on Fastrack. These bus priority, surveys were repeated in 2007 high vehicle and 17% said they would occupancy previously have used a car. lane

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Key Imple Perfor Target Pollution Measure EU Planning menta manc Estimated Measure EU Category Lead Authority Reduction in Progress to Date Comments No. Classification Phase tion e Completion Date the AQMA Phase Indica tor Public Vehicle Ongoing – vehicles Procurement - Fastrack Promoting Low will continue to be Prioritising No specific 21 EURO VI buses introduced in 12 replacement Emission Ongoing 2015 Ongoing upgraded as uptake of low KCC target 2015 of vehicles Transport technology emission advances vehicles Encouragin Public Vehicle g cleaner Procurement - vehicles Promoting Low Prioritising No specific LPG vehicles in use with council 13 and quality Emission Ongoing 2003 Ongoing Ongoing uptake of low DBC target landscape contractors. partnerships Transport emission with vehicles operators Regional Air Quality Partnership: Commitmen Groups Co- Development of a Kent wide t to ordinating planning guidance for Air Quality partnership Policy Guidance programmes to currently being formulated. working and develop Area No specific Formation of a Health Sub Planning guidance 14 Ongoing 2001 Ongoing (action plan Development wide Strategies DBC target Group to seek to raise produced in 2015 working Control to reduce awareness of the impacts of air group and emissions and quality on health to both the KAQP) improve air general public and health quality professionals. Dartford Borough Council was one of 65 Local Authorities to take part in Phase 6 of the Energy Carbon Trust Local Authority efficiency Policy Guidance No specific Carbon Management schemes and target relating 15 Other policy Ongoing 2001 Ongoing Programme between May 2008 Ongoing domestic Development DBC to air quality and March 2009. The Carbon and Control objectives Management Plan proposes a commercial 35% target reduction in CO2 emissions to be achieved by 2012.

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Key Imple Perfor Target Pollution Measure EU Planning menta manc Estimated Measure EU Category Lead Authority Reduction in Progress to Date Comments No. Classification Phase tion e Completion Date the AQMA Phase Indica tor Improved awareness and disseminati Kent Air Website provides on of air Public No specific 16 via the Internet Kent Air Quality Ongoing 2008 information on Air Quality and Ongoing quality Information target Partnership Monitoring Data. information, including developmen t of web site Liaise with A subgroup of the Kent & Health Air Quality Partnership Authority on has been set up to seek to raise provision of Public DBC/Kent Air No specific 17 Other Ongoing 2008 awareness of the impacts of air Ongoing information Information Quality target quality on health to both the and advice Partnership general public and health on health professionals effects

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2.2 PM2.5 – Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and or Concentrations

As detailed in Policy Guidance LAQM.PG16 (Chapter 7), local authorities are expected to work towards reducing emissions and/or concentrations of PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less). There is clear evidence that PM2.5 has a significant impact on human health, including premature mortality, allergic reactions, and cardiovascular diseases.

Dartford Borough Council is working on producing a new Air Quality Action Plan that will include appropriate measures to reduce PM2.5 as well as other priority pollutants.

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3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance 3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken

3.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites

This section sets out what monitoring has taken place and how it compares with objectives.

Dartford Borough Council undertook automatic (continuous) monitoring at 3 sites during 2015. Table A.1 in Appendix A shows the details of the sites.

National monitoring results are available at https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/data/

Maps showing the location of the monitoring sites are provided in Appendix D. Further details on how the monitors are calibrated and how the data has been adjusted are included in Appendix C.

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3.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

Dartford Borough Council undertook non- automatic (passive) monitoring of NO2 at 52 sites during 2015. Table A.2 in Appendix A shows the details of the sites.

Maps showing the location of the monitoring sites are provided in Appendix D. Further details on Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) and bias adjustment for the diffusion tubes are included in Appendix C.

3.2 Individual Pollutants

The air quality monitoring results presented in this section are, where relevant, adjusted for “annualisation” and bias. Further details on adjustments are provided in Appendix C.

3.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

Table A.3 in Appendix A compares the ratified and adjusted monitored NO2 annual mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 40µg/m3.

For diffusion tubes, the full 2015 dataset of monthly mean values is provided in Appendix B.

Table A.4 in Appendix A compares the ratified continuous monitored NO2 hourly mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 200µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 18 times per year.

Five roadside diffusion tube monitoring locations recorded levels of NO2 in excess of 60 µg/m3 . As there is no relevant exposure at these locations distance correcition has been applied to estimate the concentration at the nearest relevant exposure. Details of these calculations can be found in Appendix C. Of these five locations two 3 were shown to have estimated levels of NO2 in excess of 60 µg/m indicating a risk of exceedence of the 1-hour mean objective level.

Five additional roadside diffusion tube monitoring locations outside of existing 3 AQMAs recorded levels of NO2 in excess of 40 µg/m . As there is no relevant exposure at these locations distance correcition has been applied to estimate the concentration at the nearest relevant exposure. Details of these calculations can be found in Appendix C. Of these locations none were shown to exceed the 40 µg/m3 objective at the closest relevant exposure.

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Automatic Stations:

Annual means at both the Town Centre and St Clements sites have reduced in comparison to previous years of monitoring. The Town Centre monitor recorded results below the objective level for NO2, however annual mean results at the Bean monitoring station have significantly increased in comparison to recent years. A similar trend can be found looking at the 1 Hour mean NO2 results. The Town Centre Monitor recorder no breaches of the 1 hour mean, whilst the St Clements site recorded only 8 breaches of the 1 hour mean compared to 51 the previous year. However the Bean site has recorded 24 breaches of the annual mean compared to none the previous year, there is no direct exposure at this monitor, with the nearest residential dwelling being 6m further from the roadside.

Diffusion Tubes:

Appendix F contains trends at selected monitored locations. Generally there is a slight decrease in monitored sites across the borough from the previous year including reductions at all background sites. Monitoring at two new sites within the London Road AQMA (Pilgrims Road and Snowden Hill junctions) have shown results in excess of the objective levels.

3.2.2 Particulate Matter (PM10)

Table A.5 in Appendix A compares the ratified and adjusted monitored PM10 annual mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 40µg/m3.

Table A.6 in Appendix A compares the ratified continuous monitored PM10 daily mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 50µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 35 times per year.

Monitored levels of PM10 remained below the objective levels at the three monitoring sites within the borough. Due to reliablity issues of the monitors during 2014, the data caputre was poor. However data capture for 2015 was far greater and results have been consistant with previous years monitoring.

3.2.3 Particulate Matter (PM2.5)

PM2.5 is not currently monitored by Dartford Borough Council.

3.2.4 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)

Sulphur dioxide is not monitored with the Borough.

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Appendix A: Monitoring Results

Table A.1 – Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites Distance Distance to X OS Y OS to kerb of Inlet Pollutants In Monitoring Relevant Site Name Site Type Grid Grid nearest Height Monitored AQMA? Technique Exposure Ref Ref road (m) (m) (m) (1) (2) Dartford Town Roadside 554117 173852 NO ; PM Y API/BAM N/A 2.7 1.8 Centre 2 10 Bean Roadside 558622 172752 NO ; PM Y API/BAM 16.6 7 1.8 Interchange 2 10

St Clements Roadside 558525 174709 NO2; PM10 Y API/BAM 20 2.9 1.8

(1) 0m if the monitoring site is at a location of exposure (e.g. installed on the façade of a residential property).

(2) N/A if not applicable.

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Table A.2 – Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites Tube Distance to Distance to X OS Y OS In collocated Site Pollutants Relevant kerb of Site ID Site Type Grid Grid AQMA with a Height (m) Name Monitored Exposure nearest Ref Ref ? Continuous (m) (1) road (m) (2) Analyser? DA01 Lowfield Roadside 554190 173985 NO2 Yes 1.1m 1.3m Street N 3.1

DA05 Ightham Roadside 558622 172771 NO2 Yes 7m 4.5m Cottages Y 1.8 (A,B,C) DA07 Summerh Background 550749 171924 NO2 No 6.4m 3.1m ouse N 3 Drive DA10 London Roadside 559189 174872 NO2 Yes 2.5m 3m Road N 3 (RBL) DA14 Bow Intermediate 555484 174441 NO2 Yes 2m 8.2m 3 Arrow N Lane (M25) DA16 Princes Roadside 554108 173318 NO2 Yes Y-15.7m <1m Road 2 N 3

DA17 Shepherd Roadside 552732 173689 NO2 Yes Y-11m 1.5m s Lane N 3

DA18 Alkerdane Background 559734 174077 NO2 No N 1.5m Lane N 3

DA20 Elliot Roadside 555660 174863 NO2 Yes Y-9.4m 22.3m Road N 3

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Tube Distance to Distance to X OS Y OS In collocated Site Pollutants Relevant kerb of Site ID Site Type Grid Grid AQMA with a Height (m) Name Monitored Exposure nearest Ref Ref ? Continuous (m) (1) road (m) (2) Analyser? DA21 Brentfield Roadside 555497 174025 NO2 Yes Y-10.3m 31m Road N 3

DA22 Brent Roadside 555600 174030 NO2 Yes Y-7.2m 18.4m Way N 3

DA24 Wayville Roadside 555632 173558 NO2 Yes Y-0m 34m Road N 3

DA25 Queens Background 555801 173194 NO2 Yes Y-0m 52m Gardens N 3

DA34 The Brent Roadside 555373 173763 NO2 Yes Y-6m 7.8m II N 3

DA35 Highfield Roadside 553848 173994 NO2 Yes Y-4.6m 1m Road N 3

DA38 London Roadside 558331 174596 NO2 Yes Y-3.2m 2.7m 3 Road 3 N (Watersto ne) DA39 Park Roadside 555129 173802 NO2 Yes Y-6m <1m Road N 3

DA41 Church Roadside 554123 172805 NO2 No Y-6.2m 4.2m Hill/Hawle N 3 y Road DA43 Overy Roadside 554580 173992 NO2 Yes Y-0.8m 6.1m Liberty N 3

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Tube Distance to Distance to X OS Y OS In collocated Site Pollutants Relevant kerb of Site ID Site Type Grid Grid AQMA with a Height (m) Name Monitored Exposure nearest Ref Ref ? Continuous (m) (1) road (m) (2) Analyser? DA44 Brent Roadside 555656 174053 NO2 Yes Y-0m 80m Close N 3

DA48 Hawley Roadside 555297 171327 NO2 No Y-0m 16m Road N 3 (M25) DA49 St Albans Roadside 554902 173893 NO2 Yes Y-0m 6.5m Road N 3

DA50 A2/Bridge Roadside 553783 172319 NO2 No Y-0m 13m N 2.4

DA53 Park Background 557693 174666 NO2 No Y-0m N/A (Swallow N 2.4 Cl) DA54 King Background 553642 174616 NO2 No Y-0m 25m Edward N 2.4 Ave DA56 Cranford Background 554222 173460 NO2 No Y-0m N/A Road N 3

DA60 Burnham Roadside 553895 174678 NO2 Yes Y-4.6m <1m Road II N 3.1 (Priory) DA61 West Hill Roadside 553578 174175 NO2 Yes Y-0m 4.8m II N 3

DA62 The Roadside 555796 173902 NO2 Yes Y-5m <1m Brent/Lon N 3.15 don Rd

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Tube Distance to Distance to X OS Y OS In collocated Site Pollutants Relevant kerb of Site ID Site Type Grid Grid AQMA with a Height (m) Name Monitored Exposure nearest Ref Ref ? Continuous (m) (1) road (m) (2) Analyser? DA63 Churchill Background 555612 173210 NO2 Yes Y-15m 66m Close N 3

DA67 Hill Rise Roadside 556900 171294 NO2 No Y- 7m 14.7m N 3

DA68 Bow Roadside 555724 174377 NO2 No Y – 8.3m 250m Arrow N 2 Lane II DA69 Hawley Roadside 554338 172581 NO2 No Y – 5.3m 2m Road II N 2 (120) DA70 Hope Roadside 558687 172610 NO2 No Y – 10.5m 150m Cottages N 2

DA72 Little Dale Roadside 556433 172124 NO2 No Y – 17m 65m N 2

DA75 Ightham Roadside 558593 172815 NO2 Yes Y – 5.3 m 10.7m Cottages N 2 (11) DA78 Burnham Roadside 553686 174905 NO2 Yes Y- 5.3m 1.5m Road III N 3 (54) DA79 Watling Roadside 556230 173564 NO2 Yes Y-7.4m 2.4m Street II N 2.5

DA81 Green Roadside 556368 172344 NO2 No Y-18m 5.4m 3 Street N Green Road

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Tube Distance to Distance to X OS Y OS In collocated Site Pollutants Relevant kerb of Site ID Site Type Grid Grid AQMA with a Height (m) Name Monitored Exposure nearest Ref Ref ? Continuous (m) (1) road (m) (2) Analyser? DA83 Byron Background 555617 175330 NO2 No Y-18m 44m Road N 3

DA84 Brent Roadside 555574 174068 NO2 Yes Y-16m 12m Way 2 N 3

DA85 Mount Roadside 554556 174034 NO2 No No 40m Pleasant N 3 Road DA86 Brent Intermediate 555895 174053 NO2 No Y – 5.4m 189m Close 2 N 3

DA87 No2 Roadside 558616 172779 NO2 Yes Y- 0m 13m Ightham N 1.5 Cotts DA89 Garden Roadside 553793 172260 NO2 No Y – 7.7m 11.5m Place N 2.5

DA90 Gothic Roadside 553957 172275 NO2 No Y – 5m 29m Close N 2.5

DA91 13 Roadside 560876 174001 NO2 No Y– 2.5m 1.9m N 2.5 Road DA92 Pilgrims Roadside 560534 174877 NO2 Yes Y – 9.5m 2.35m Road/Lon N 2.5 don Road DA93 Snowden Roadside 561201 174806 NO2 Yes Y – 3.3 2.4 Hill/Londo N 2.5 n Road (1) 0m if the monitoring site is at a location of exposure (e.g. installed on/adjacent to the façade of a residential property. (2) N/A if not applicable.

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Table A.3 – Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results Valid Data 3 (3) Valid Data NO2 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m ) Capture for Site ID Site Type Monitoring Type Capture 2015 Monitoring (%) (2) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Period (%) (1) Dartford Town Roadside Automatic 91 91 40 42 49 44 37 Centre Bean Roadside Automatic 93 93 53 54 43 51 61 Interchange St Clements Roadside Automatic 98 98 54 57 53 61 50

Lowfield Street Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 36 38 49 47 46 Ightham Roadside Diffusion Tube 92 92 53 55 59 62 60 Cottages Summerhouse Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 27 24 28 26 25 Drive London Road Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 38 36 44 47 45 Bow Arrow Lane Intermediate Diffusion Tube 92 92 64 61 64 73 73 Princes Road 2 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 43 43 47 54 52 Shepherds Lane Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 43 41 40 37 36 Alkerden Lane Background Diffusion Tube 92 92 25 24 31 28 28 Elliot Road Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 48 42 50 57 50 Brentfield Road Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 38 36 44 44 41 Brent Way Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 58 53 52 63 62 Wayville Rd Roadside Diffusion Tube 92 92 37 35 42 45 41 Queens Intermediate Diffusion Tube 83 83 38 41 40 42 36 Gardens The Brent II Roadside Diffusion Tube 92 92 44 41 50 51 51 Highfield Road Roadside Diffusion Tube 83 83 45 39 48 49 43

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 27 Dartford Borough Council

Valid Data 3 (3) Valid Data NO2 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m ) Capture for Site ID Site Type Monitoring Type Capture 2015 Monitoring (%) (2) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Period (%) (1) London Road 3 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 39 36 44 46 41 Park Road Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 40 40 48 48 46 Church Hill Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 41 36 45 47 44 Overy Liberty Roadside Diffusion Tube 83 83 57 55 76 72 73 Brent Close Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 47 44 49 53 48 Hawley Road Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 38 - 42 41 42 St Albans Road Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 41 38 45 47 45 A2/Bridge Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 43 41 48 46 45 Park (Off Background Diffusion Tube 83 83 25 25 24 24 23 Swallow Close) King Edward Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 27 28 32 31 28 Avenue Cranford Road Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 30 30 35 31 30 Burnham Road Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 36 35 41 41 40 II (priory) West Hill II Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 45 46 53 56 59 Brent/London Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 49 47 47 54 54 Road Churchill close Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 36 31 37 38 36 Hill Rise, Roadside Diffusion Tube 92 92 32 29 32 33 32 Bow Arrow Lane Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 37 35 38 40 36 II Hawley Road 2 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 40 41 46 47 47 Bean (Hope Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 34 35 42 38 39 Cottages) Dartford Road Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 31 30 35 - -

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 28 Dartford Borough Council

Valid Data 3 (3) Valid Data NO2 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m ) Capture for Site ID Site Type Monitoring Type Capture 2015 Monitoring (%) (2) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Period (%) (1) Little Dale Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 40 38 50 47 44 Ightham Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 43 44 39 39 39 Cottages 2 Burnham Road Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 38 36 44 46 40 3 Watling Street 2 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 34 34 38 38 36 Westgate 2 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 39 40 46 47 41 Green Street Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 40 40 43 46 45 Byron Road Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 35 36 41 38 37 Brent Way 2 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 52 59 56 65 62 Mount Pleasant Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 31 34 37 36 35 Road Brent Close 2 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 - 39 38 36 40 No2 Ightham Roadside Diffusion Tube 92 92 - 36 40 47 45 Cotts Garden Place Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 - 28 39 32 32 Gothic Close Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 - 35 38 38 37 Middleham Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 - 36 39 - - Court 13 Southfleet Intermediate Diffusion Tube 100 100 - - - - 36 Road Pilgrims Road/London Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 - - - - 48 Road Snowden Hill/London Intermediate Diffusion Tube 100 100 - - - - 48 Road

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 29 Dartford Borough Council

3 Notes: Exceedances of the NO2 annual mean objective of 40µg/m are shown in bold. 3 NO2 annual means exceeding 60µg/m , indicating a potential exceedance of the NO2 1-hour mean objective are shown in bold and underlined. (1) data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) Means for diffusion tubes have been corrected for bias. All means have been “annualised” as per Technical Guidance LAQM.TG16 if valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details.

Table A.4 – 1-Hour Mean NO2 Monitoring Results Valid Data 3 (3) Valid Data NO2 1-Hour Means > 200µg/m Monitoring Capture for Site ID Site Type Capture 2015 Type Monitoring Period (%) (2) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 (%) (1) Dartford Roadside Automatic 91 91 0 0 16 20 0 Town Centre Bean Roadside Automatic 93 93 3 3 7 0 24 Interchange St Clements Roadside Automatic 98 98 14 28 21 51 8

3 Notes: Exceedances of the NO2 1-hour mean objective (200µg/m not to be exceeded more than 18 times/year) are shown in bold. (1) data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) If the period of valid data is less than 85%, the 99.8th percentile of 1-hour means is provided in brackets.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 30 Dartford Borough Council

Table A.5 – Annual Mean PM10 Monitoring Results

3 (3) Valid Data Capture Valid Data PM10 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m ) Site ID Site Type for Monitoring Capture 2015 Period (%) (1) (%) (2) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Dartford

Town Roadside 87 87 27 24 28 24 23 Centre Bean Roadside 91 91 24 21 21 27 26 Interchange St Clements Roadside 95 95 28 22 24 25 20

3 Notes: Exceedances of the PM10 annual mean objective of 40µg/m are shown in bold. (1) data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) All means have been “annualised” as per Technical Guidance LAQM.TG16, valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 31 Dartford Borough Council

Table A.6 – 24-Hour Mean PM10 Monitoring Results Valid Data Capture for Valid Data 3 (3) PM10 24-Hour Means > 50µg/m Site ID Site Type Monitoring Period (%) Capture 2015 (%) (1) (2) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Dartford Town Roadside 87 87 20 16 22 13 (45) 10 Centre Bean Roadside 91 91 12 9 5 11 (45) 7 Interchange St Clements Roadside 95 95 31 8 13 11 (44) 3

3 Notes: Exceedances of the PM10 24-hour mean objective (50µg/m not to be exceeded more than 35 times/year) are shown in bold. (1) data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year.kl (2) data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) If the period of valid data is less than 85%, the 90.4th percentile of 24-hour means is provided in brackets.

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Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2015

Table B.1 – NO2 Monthly Diffusion Tube Results - 2015 3 NO2 Mean Concentrations (µg/m ) Annual Mean Site ID Bias Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Raw Adjusted Data (1) St Albans Road 28 29 26 28 24 24 23 25 21 26 21 20 47.01 44.62 Park Road 30 31 31 31 22 23 21 25 20 31 18 20 48.27 45.81 Brentfield Road 23 27 29 28 18 18 19 22 19 28 20 20 43.10 40.91 Brent Way 41 42 38 29 29 35 37 35 27 30 36 34 65.64 62.31 Brent Way (2) 40 42 36 34 34 32 37 37 23 31 31 35 65.65 62.31 Brent Close 31 35 27 26 25 23 28 29 22 26 20 28 50.80 48.22 Brent Close 2 21 27 24 17 21 21 21 21 20 25 24 23 42.17 40.02 The Brent/London Rd 33 35 32 30 29 26 30 30 25 29 30 28 56.76 53.87 Bow Arrow Lane 46 48 43 36 42 40 43 30 35 38 39 76.57 72.68 Bow Arrow Lane 2 20 26 23 20 18 18 19 20 17 23 19 18 38.28 36.34 Park (Swallow Close) 17 17 15 12 10 7 12 17 11 11 24.56 23.32 London Road 3 24 27 26 24 21 22 21 20 20 29 22 18 43.61 41.39 Alkerden Lane 22 19 15 14 13 11 13 19 17 11 29.45 27.95 13 Southfleet Road 22 23 20 18 17 16 20 20 18 22 21 17 37.50 35.60 Pilgrims Road/London 29 30 30 30 23 25 26 28 24 31 19 20 50.30 47.74 Snowden Hill/London 27 29 30 27 24 26 29 25 25 29 23 25 50.77 48.19 London Road, 33 30 28 28 23 23 24 23 21 27 22 19 47.63 45.21 Ightham Cottages A 43 38 36 34 31 34 31 26 33 38 30 65.18 61.87 Ightham Cottages B 38 42 38 36 35 29 35 31 30 35 35 33 66.18 62.81 Ightham Cottages C 41 35 31 35 31 31 32 29 32 19 38 61.44 58.32 Ightham Cottages 2 21 26 23 22 20 18 22 23 20 22 20 19 40.82 38.74 2, Ightham Cottages 28 28 26 21 23 24 25 18 26 25 28 47.55 45.13

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3 NO2 Mean Concentrations (µg/m ) Annual Mean Site ID Bias Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Raw Adjusted Data (1) Hope Cottages (Bean) 23 26 22 28 21 21 19 21 25 27 16 9 40.58 38.52 Watling Street 2 23 25 20 19 18 17 18 19 20 23 18 18 37.99 36.06 Queens Gardens 26 20 21 14 19 21 18 21 21 20 38.24 36.29 Churchhill Close 22 23 24 24 16 18 15 20 17 25 18 13 37.44 35.54 Wayville Road 22 27 22 24 19 19 21 21 28 20 23 42.92 40.74 The Brent 2 31 31 29 33 25 25 27 28 25 32 25 54.19 51.43 Eliot Road 25 31 26 36 24 28 25 32 26 29 21 30 53.01 50.31 Byron Road 19 25 25 26 17 17 16 20 20 27 15 15 38.53 36.57 Lowfield Street 28 30 34 27 23 24 22 26 20 26 19 24 48.18 45.73 Cranford Road 20 21 19 17 12 14 13 16 15 19 16 15 31.15 29.57 Princes Road (2) 35 32 31 28 22 26 28 30 22 27 29 30 54.37 51.60 Garden Place 22 21 22 24 17 17 13 17 18 23 11 9 33.90 32.18 Summerhouse Drive 17 18 17 16 10 10 10 13 14 18 11 10 25.96 24.64 A2/Bridge 26 30 27 27 20 24 24 25 21 29 26 20 47.37 44.97 Church Hill 25 29 26 25 20 22 23 26 22 28 23 21 46.26 43.91 Hawley Road (2) 120 34 28 30 25 23 25 24 25 21 29 26 21 49.38 46.87 Gothic Close 25 21 22 20 14 20 20 21 17 23 21 21 39.23 37.24 Hawley Road A 32 28 29 23 22 22 21 18 19 24 22 18 44.08 41.84 Hill Rise 21 22 20 14 14 16 16 15 21 15 33.32 31.62 Little Dale 28 28 29 26 22 24 20 24 20 31 23 19 46.78 44.40 Green St/Green Rd 32 29 26 21 25 23 24 25 19 24 27 25 47.69 45.26 Shepherds Lane 23 24 23 23 17 17 15 18 19 25 20 16 38.32 36.38 Highfield Road 28 30 25 18 23 25 19 29 21 23 45.70 43.37 West Hill 2 33 36 28 31 29 *0.33 61 29 22 28 31 30 62.19 59.03 King Edward Avenue 19 21 17 16 12 13 12 14 13 20 14 12 29.19 27.71 Burnham Road/Priory 26 28 25 25 17 19 18 22 20 24 21 18 42.12 39.98 Road

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3 NO2 Mean Concentrations (µg/m ) Annual Mean Site ID Bias Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Raw Adjusted Data (1) Burnham Road 2 26 26 25 26 19 22 19 22 20 28 17 16 42.34 40.18 Westgate Road 2 26 28 24 20 20 22 21 22 19 26 24 21 43.27 41.07 Overy Liberty 41 42 41 49 43 46 39 42 34 27 77.07 73.15 Mount Pleasant Road 24 24 23 22 16 18 16 20 16 23 17 15 37.33 35.43 (1) See Appendix C for details on bias adjustment

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Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC QA/QC Data Calibrations of the automatic stations are carried out every two weeks in house. Audits are carried out annually by AEA technology. Data is ratified by AEA technology as part of the contract for the management of the Kent air quality network.

Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factors Using data from the Bean automatic station which is part of a colocation study, the diffusion tubes were corrected using a locally derived factor of 0.95. Bean Automatic Station annual mean = 61 Triplicate tubes annual mean = 64 Correction Factor: 61/64 = 0.95

PM Monitoring Adjustment As with previous reports all PM10 BAM data has been corrected to gravimetric equivalent by using a factor of 0.83

QA/QC of Automatic Monitoring Calibrations are carried out every two weeks in house. Audits are carried out annually by AEA technology. Data is ratified by AEA technology as part of the contract for the management of the Kent air quality network.

QA/QC of Diffusion Tube Monitoring Diffusion tube supply and analysis is carried out by Gradko International. Gradko take part in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency (WASP) .

Distance Correction for Diffusion Tube Monitoring

Distance Correction for monitoring locations with annual average greater than 60 µg/m3

Diffusion tube Monitoring Receptor to Background Measured NO2 Predicted NO2 name point to Kerb Kerb (meters) NO2 at receptor (metres) Ightham 6.5 12.8 22.99 60 µg/m3 51.9 µg/m3 Cottages Bow Arrow 13.9 10 25.07 73 µg/m3 79.8 µg/m3 Lane Brent Way 21.2 27.6 25.07 62 µg/m3 56.9 µg/m3 Overy Liberty 1.5 3.7 20.45 73 µg/m3 62.6 µg/m3 * Brent Way 2 12.6 29.4 25.07 62 µg/m3 49.1 µg/m3

* Receptor is at first floor level and therefore NO2 levels are likely to be reduced with height as well as distance from the kerb.

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Distance Correction for monitoring locations with annual average greater than 40 µg/m3 that are not located within and AQMA

Diffusion tube Monitoring Receptor to Background Measured NO2 Predicted NO2 name point to Kerb Kerb (meters) NO2 at receptor (metres) Hawley Road 3.2 16.8 24.18 42 µg/m3 34.2 µg/m3 A2/Bridge 2.3 14.3 20.80 45 µg/m3 34.3 µg/m3 Hawley Road 1.8 7.3 22.6 47 µg/m3 39.2 µg/m3 2 Little Dale 1.2 35.9 24.3 44 µg/m3 30.0 µg/m3 * Green Street 6 22 24.3 45 µg/m3 36.5 µg/m3 *

* more than one road source present – additional being carried out in this area in 2016

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Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations

Continuous Monitoring Locations

Diffusion Tube Locations

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 38 Dartford Borough Council

Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England

Table E.1 – Air Quality Objectives in England Air Quality Objective4 Pollutant Concentration Measured as 200 µg/m3 not to be exceeded more Nitrogen Dioxide 1-hour mean than 18 times a year (NO ) 2 40 µg/m3 Annual mean 50 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more Particulate Matter 24-hour mean than 35 times a year (PM ) 10 40 µg/m3 Annual mean 350 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 1-hour mean than 24 times a year Sulphur Dioxide 125 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 24-hour mean (SO2) than 3 times a year 266 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 15-minute mean than 35 times a year

4 3 The units are in microgrammes of pollutant per cubic metre of air (µg/m ).

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Appendix F: Trends from Diffusion Tube Data

Diffusion tube trends in proximity to A282 AQMA

85

Bow Arrow Lane 75 Elliot Road

Brentfield Road

65 Brent Way The Brent II Brent Close 55 The Brent/London Road Wayville Rd Queens Gardens 45 Brent Close 2

Brent Way 2 35 Churchill close Byron Road AQ Objective 25

Diffusion tube trends in proximity to Town Centre AQMA

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Diffusion tube trends in proximity to London Road AQMA

50

48

46

44

London Road/Greenhithe 42 London Road 3 40 London Road/Pilgrims 38 London Road/Snowden

36 AQ Objective 34

32

30 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Diffusion tube trends in proximity to A2 and Bean AQMA

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Diffusion tube trends at Background Sites

Diffusion tube trends at Other Sites

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Glossary of Terms

Abbreviation Description

AQAP Air Quality Action Plan - A detailed description of measures, outcomes, achievement dates and implementation methods, showing how the local authority intends to achieve air quality limit values’

AQMA Air Quality Management Area – An area where air pollutant concentrations exceed / are likely to exceed the relevant air quality objectives. AQMAs are declared for specific pollutants and objectives

ASR Air quality Annual Status Report

Defra Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

DMRB Design Manual for Roads and Bridges – Air quality screening tool produced by Highways England

EU European Union

FDMS Filter Dynamics Measurement System

LAQM Local Air Quality Management

NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide

NOx Nitrogen Oxides

PM10 Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10µm (micrometres or microns) or less

PM2.5 Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less

QA/QC Quality Assurance and Quality Control

SO2 Sulphur Dioxide

… …

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References

Defra - Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance (TG16) (2016)

Defra - Local Air Quality Management Policy Guidance (PG16) (2016)

Kent County Council - Local Transport Plan: Delivering Growth without Gridlock (2016)

Dartford Borough Council - Updating and Screening Assessment (2015)

NO2 Concentration and Distance from Roads AQC consultants Ltd (2008)

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