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81 IRAN 66 ISRAEL Abbasian A. Abbou-Hershkovits K. Naseri M. Ghaffari F. BEN-GURION UNIVERSITY UNIT 16,NO.34 SHAHID HAFEZI AVE.SHAHID HAYM GEVEYAHU 9/7 TEHRAN [email protected] BEER-SHEVA [email protected] Anti-inflammatory drugs in the texts of It may have been different. Traditional Iranian Medicine (Tim). Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) The name Galen and Hippocrates are well known as and glucocorticoids, nowaday are the main groups the forefathers of western Medicine. Their treatises of anti-inflammatory drugs in modern were translated into several languages before pharmacology. The side effects of these "returning" to a European language. One of the antiinflammatory drugs, specially using in chronic places the Galenic corpus reached was the 'Abbasid diseases cause many problem for the court in Baghdad. During the 8th-10th centuries, patients and the physicians, so finding the new anti- we witness a massive translation movement. It was inflammatory drugs with less side effect is the aim a time in which scholars and patrons invested many of many researchers. resources in obtaining and translating treatises in WHO emphasizes to Traditional medicine as an different branches of science, of which medicine was important field of health study and Iranian one. Treatises were translated from Greek, Pahlavi, Traditional Medicine is a treasure of medications. Syriac and Sanskrit. The adoption of scientific In this study drugs with anti-inflammatory knowledge was a part of a larger process of cultural property from the point of view of Iranian import, and perhaps indicates a cultural preference. scientists are investigated and the list of anti- By the end of the translation phase, the dominance inflammatory drugs on the basis of TIM texts has of Galenism was crystal clear. been ranked. Modern science gives little attention to the social process of adopting the Galenic medical system among the Arabs. As mentioned above, there were a number of medical theories and approaches, and each had a supporting group: patrons of scientific activities, medical practitioners, courtiers, men of religion (particularly Muslims and Christians) as well as rulers. It seems that there was a rather fierce competition between those groups, each cultivated its preferred theory, took care of translation and provided their unique medical treatment. Galenism was one of the medical theories around, it had competitors and "enemies", and it was the medical system who won. In this lecture I will present some explanations to this process. 111 111 398 PALESTINE 267 LYBIA Abdelaziz Allabadi Abushwereb A. K. ALQUDS UNIVERSITY ALFATEH FACULTY OF MEDICINE ABUDIES P.O.BOX 4504 JERUSALEM [email protected] TRIPOLI [email protected] Prehistoric medicine Cautery treatment for Childhood diseases. The Earth went through very long development and Cauterization by hot rods is one of the principal several Ages since the –Eolithic Age: after the treatment in traditional Arabian medicine , this consolidation of the Earth to the Paleolithic Age method is still practiced in Libya for the treatment between 50,000-12,000 B.C. in which the Homo of many chronic diseases , for adults and children , Sapiens developed , to the Mesolithic Age in many cities , villages and Bedouin tribes in between12,000-8000B.C when the Netufian Libya, the special questionnaire revealed that most Civilization in Palestine started and the zarzarian of the cases belong to low socio - economic class in Mesopotamian, and the homo sapiens began to families and majority has low standards of health settle down in small settlements, to the Neolithic education. Grandmother is the person who Age, with its new inventions in Agriculture and cauterize , few cases are left to the traditional Pottery as in the expanding Trade. physician , the skin is touched in certain areas by a Humans accumulated knowledge and Experience rod heated in live fire , marks of conterization make throughout long Periods of Development since the special design depend on the type , diagnosis and Homo Sapiens, Humans were weak and vulnerable severity of the disease Rickets , marasmus , acute and did not comprehend the Nature Forces around gastro-enteritis and pneumonia are the main them, so they began to respect and then worship indications for cauterization in children. Sites are: them, or to worship certain animals or rivers or the chest, abdomen, back and joints in cases of anything that have significant Effect on their lives painful joints, cauterization is common in hopeless (Taboo).Exorcism was the knowledge or science cases of tumors , cancers and hepatomegaly / they believe to help in controlling Nature or healing splenomegaly. Inspite of disappointing results, diseases. there is a strong traditional belief that cauterization A change in the civilization occurred during the can cure. Complications include: infections, Neolithic Age 8000-4500 B.C. Building of new abscesses , scars , keloids, ankylosis and delay in settlements, discovery of Agriculture and cattle. surgical interventions. The author presents Women play an important role in both, which photographs of real cauterization in children encourages the domination of female Goddess. showing special design and markings on the skin. Women also may be the first physicians to treat the pain and suffering of their children and husbands. Medicine was mainly of exorcist nature believing that diseases were generated by Gods or Demons, and healing was achieved by pleasing them. Accumulation of experience about the effect of certain plants was also helpful and used by the material physici. 222 222 157 TURKEY 137 TURKEY Aksoy S. Aksu M. Kadioglu S. Güvercin C. H. Kadioglu F. Arda B. MEDICAL ETHICS AND HISTORY OF ANKARA UNIVERSITY MEDICINE DEPARTMENT HARRAN UNIVERSITY MEDICAL FACULTY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, DEONTOLOGY DEPT. SANLIURFA [email protected] ANKARA [email protected] Physician-Patient relationship in Italy and The village institutes experience of Turkey in Ottoman empire in middle ages. and health education. Physician-Patient Relationship (PPR) has always When the first Turkish Government was founded been important throughout the history. There have during independent war(1919- 1923), education been many documents from Ancient Egypt until was one of the primary difficulties to receive present times that pictures physicians (or healers) attention. The renovation and modernization of and patients in an examination or a medical Turkey’s educational system was planned to be intervention. These pictures give us an opinion carried out by considering our own social and about the status of physicians and patients with cultural features. Education problems did not respect to each other. neglect even in most critical periods of the war. Italy is a special country when we consider the After the victory the architectures of the new history of medicine in middle ages. There were very country were naturally able to make more energetic special institutions and very significant figures in effects to improve Turkey’s much neglected Italy in these ages. It was also the case in Ottoman educational system. One of this enormus effect is Empire. There were also monumental health care exactly the experience of “Köy Enstitüsü” (Village institutions as well as important scholars in Institutes). This project has been reflected the Ottoman Empire. revolutionary character of the Republican Reforms. Roger Frugard (A.D. 13th Century) and Serefeddin The education approach of these institutes has been Sabuncuoglu (A.D. 15th Century) were two described on the basis of “learning by doing”. In famous physicians of their times who had many this presentation the aspect of health education of similarities including having manuscripts on these institutes is introduced in the light of history Surgery. In this presentation we compare the PPR of medicine. in Italy and in Ottoman Empire in middle ages by searching the medical literature of two countries in general and Roger Frugard’s Chirugia (Surgery) and Serefeddin Sabuncuoglu’s Cerrahiyyet’ul Haniyye (Imperial Surgery), in particular. Our study has indicated that there were similarities as well as differences in two different traditions that set examples to the doctors of our time. 333 333 140 TURKEY 245 FRANCE Alan S. Albou P. Uzel I. SCHOOL OF NURSING * CUKUROVA UNIVERSITY 13 COURS FLEURUS, 18200, ADANA [email protected] [email protected] Paternalism and respect for autonomy in Le laboratoire d’Alzheimer à Munich, ou la Ottoman Medicine. naissance de l’histopathologie moderne du cortex cérébral. The principle of respect for autonomy is one of the Au-delà de la description du cas d’Auguste D., qu’il characteristics of modern medicine. However, in the présenta le 3 novembre 1906 à Tübingen, et qui fut past of the medicine paternalistic model has had à l’origine de la « maladie d’Alzheimer », Alois been valid in patient-physician relationship. Alzheimer (1864-1915) fut, avec Franz Nissl et quelques autres, au centre d’une évolution décisive In this paper, some Ottoman Medical Books from dans l’approche histopathologique des états XIVth to XVIIth centuries are studied in the démentiels, à la charnière entre le XIXe et le XXe context of their proposals about the model of patient- siècle. physician relationship. A partir de ses recherches et de son enseignement dans le laboratoire d’anatomo-pathologie de la clinique psychiatrique de Munich (laboratoire créé en 1903), Alzheimer aura marqué de son empreinte
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  • The New York City Standards for Respectful Care at Birth (NYC Standards)

    The New York City Standards for Respectful Care at Birth (NYC Standards)

    Implementation Toolkit Practice Guidance The New York City Standards for Respectful Care at Birth (NYC Standards) Purpose: This document is intended to support MCH professionals to implement a practice found in the Implementation Toolkits. This resource provides the information needed to replicate the practice and is divided into two sections: the first section provides a high-level overview of the practice while the second section describes how to implement the practice. For additional information on any of the content provided below, please reach out to the practice contact located at the bottom of this document. Section I: Resource Overview Practice Description The New York City Standards for Respectful Care at Birth (NYC Standards) were co-created by the Sexual and Reproductive Justice Community Engagement Group (SRJ-CEG) and the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (NYC DOHMH) to inform, educate and support pregnant, birthing, and parenting people with regard to their human rights, and encourage them to be active decision-makers in their healthcare experiences. The 29 NYC Standards are organized into 7 overarching categories: Education, Quality of Care, Informed Consent, Decision- Making, Dignity and Nondiscrimination and Support. In July 2015, the NYC DOHMH convened the SRJ-CEG in order to co-create respectful, equitable, culturally grounded, and community-driven means of promoting sexual and reproductive health and justice in NYC. Drafting, publishing and promoting the NYC Standards was one success of SRJ-CEG’s Birth Justice campaign, which aimed to 1) support community members and providers to advocate for respectful care at birth, 2) increase application of best practices for respectful care at birth within health care institutions, and 3) mobilizing stakeholders and changing institutional policies and practices to support the use of the sexual and reproductive justice framework and community-led initiatives and accountability.