Digital Print Manufacturing: Color Management Workflows and Roles

Home , Color calibration

Ann McCarthy Xerox Innovation Group ICC Steering Committee

ICC Color Management Workflows

Digita

l Smart Factory Forum 24 June, 2003 2

l Smart Factory Forum 24 June, 2003

A. McCarthy Digita

ICC Color Management …that accomplishes a color capture to production process.

The term “color fidelity” refers to the successful interoperability of color data, from object creation to output across multiple targets, such that color reproduction quality consistent with the user’s intent can be achieved. In this context, a workflow is sequence of color object manipulations …

What do we mean by workflow? 3

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ICC Color Management Scanning Design Exchange Archive Re-use RGB vs. CMYK ? RGB vs. CMYK is not where the color workflow question starts… • • What are the key ‘color’ questions? 4 Response Measurement Printed Job Color Expectation

l Smart Factory Forum 24 June, 2003 Color Communication – Film Virtual ce to return it a known state color aim for use in a transform an input or output condition an input Color Source Specification – Digital Capture

A. McCarthy Digita Color Calibration – Aims Printing Full Range – Color Response Specification Color Transformation – Aid to Pressman Automated

ICC Color Management Unrendered (e.g., capture a scene) vs. color-rendered (targeted) Alters the color response of a devi Describes the color response of Encodes a characterization and Profiles can be embedded with an image or document, files transmitted as separate Profiles are applied in pairs to transform an image from a current encoding (the source) to another destination) What does the human expect? Device calibration Capture and visualization characterization Profile creation Image color encoding Profile selection and exchange Profile use Visualization – the human element Digital Color Control (ICC) Architecture Elements • • • • • • • 5

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ICC Color Management The seven color control architecture elements are threads that interact throughout a color workflow. What is the next step in understanding a color workflow…

6 output mations, metadata persistence

l Smart Factory Forum 24 June, 2003 ods, proprietary/standard workflow primitives

A. McCarthy Digita Correction, preference, gamut mapping, appearance mapping Process control stability, transfor Initialization, transition, preservation Proprietary/standard meth format ICC Color Management • • • • Fundamental Imaging Operations Key Color Fidelity Requirements Image State Impact Image System Interfaces Workflow primitives are the building blocks of every workflow These 'normalized' workflow building blocks can be used to understand interactions in real world workflows Four dimensions describe the workflow primitives and differentiate them from each other: Analyzing workflow • • • 7 22028-1-Part 1 Reference Output both Actual Output shown in ISO CD referred, original- Referred (a particular particular (a Referred ICC workflows include Referred (e.g., SWOP) Concepts of scene- Concepts visualization device) and device) and visualization referred, and output- referred image state as

l Smart Factory Forum 24 June, 2003

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ICC Color Management The degree to which image data has been constrained or purposed to a particular visualization mechanism, as compared to the degree which image data has been retained unaltered with respect to its capture condition Image State • 8 22028-1-Part 1 Reference Output both Actual Output shown in ISO CD referred, original- Referred (a particular particular (a Referred ICC workflows include Referred (e.g., SWOP) Concepts of scene- Concepts visualization device) and device) and visualization referred, and output- referred image state as

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A. McCarthy Digita in your workflow Image state helps with: 1. Sequencing color transformations 2. Re-purposing and re-targeting color jobs while maintaining fidelity (minimize the need to estimate colors)

ICC Color Management The degree to which image data has been constrained or purposed to a particular visualization mechanism, as compared to the degree which image data has been retained unaltered with respect to its capture condition Image State • 9 UCR/GCR, black-only Overprint/knockout digitization? Apply image preferences Apply image Preference operations are specific arbitrary & use Combination of objects Control of job information Device correction operations Manufacturer controlled Process control stability Includes halftoning, trapping Can include black channel Display the assembled entity • function that handles Adjust image/object Assemble object/entity Visualize

What is that proprietary l Smart Factory Forum 24 June, 2003 • • • What is the “primitive” functionality of a CMM?

A. McCarthy Digita gamut interactions ⇔

ICC Color Management Scum dot elimination Separation • • Device correction operations Process control stability Digitized format and data are device dependent and manufacturer controlled gamut mapping Appearance and operations - input to output Apply capture specific characterization transform Apply ‘reference’ color space encoding transforms Apply visualization condition specific transforms Functional Workflow Primitives Capture Color-Render (CMM) • • 10 UCR/GCR, black-only Overprint/knockout Apply image preferences Apply image Preference operations are specific arbitrary & use Combination of objects Control of job information Device correction operations Manufacturer controlled Process control stability Includes halftoning, trapping Can include black channel Display the assembled entity • Adjust image/object Assemble object/entity Visualize

l Smart Factory Forum 24 June, 2003 • • •

A. McCarthy Digita proprietary What is the function that handles display? gamut interactions ⇔ improve their images? workflow the image edits workflow the image that people want to do to How do we factor in to the text, and vector…

In many workflows, ICC Color Management metadata in a “job.” …and we need to keep Scum dot elimination Separation probably all workflows in need to combine images, the commercial world, we track of all the data and • • Device correction operations Process control stability Digitized format and data are device dependent and manufacturer controlled gamut mapping Appearance and operations - input to output Apply capture specific characterization transform Apply ‘reference’ color space encoding transforms Apply visualization condition specific transforms Functional Workflow Primitives Capture Color-Render (CMM) • • 11

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ICC Color Management What are the roles of printer, prepress, and creator in shaping a workflow…

is 12 Print Condition A defined by defined 1. The Digital Front End (DFE) and print engine combination 2. The opacity, white of the point, and gloss paper stock 3. The screening method 4. The selected calibration Look-Up Table (LUT) in the DFE 5. Any selectable calibration parameters 6. Any selectable color-rendering options in the DFE

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ICC Color Management in a Distributed Color Managed Workflow Identify your print shop PRINT CONDITION capabilities Establish color calibration – process optimization and process control for each PRINT CONDITION Characterize and provide clients with an Actual-Output-Referred ICC profile for each preferred PRINT CONDITION Provide clients with a submission guideline defining your capabilities and workflow expectations Determine the capabilities of data exchange methods available to clients and provide recommendations (TIFF, EPS, PDF, PDF/X, fttp to job folder, JDF, etc…) Printer Responsibilities • • • • • is 13 Print Condition A defined by defined 1. The Digital Front End (DFE) and print engine combination 2. The opacity, white of the point, and gloss paper stock 3. The screening method 4. The selected calibration Look-Up Table (LUT) in the DFE 5. Any selectable calibration parameters 6. Any selectable color-rendering options in the DFE

l Smart Factory Forum 24 June, 2003

A. McCarthy Digita If a print condition conforms to a Reference Print Condition: 1. Identify the standard characterization via the ICC Characterization Registry 2. Pre-press and creator may use the Reference-Output-Referred ICC profile

ICC Color Management in a Distributed Color Managed Workflow Identify your print shop PRINT CONDITION capabilities Establish color calibration – process optimization and process control for each PRINT CONDITION Characterize and provide clients with an Actual-Output-Referred ICC profile for each preferred PRINT CONDITION Provide clients with a submission guideline defining your capabilities and workflow expectations Determine the capabilities of data exchange methods available to clients and provide recommendations (TIFF, EPS, PDF, PDF/X, fttp to job folder, JDF, etc…) Printer Responsibilities • • • • • 14 Re-targeting (proofing) Maintaining image colorimetry while code device changing to customize values a particular device of the same or larger gamut. •Need for preserving black in hard proof? •Acceptable viewing soft proof in RGB? Re-purposing Re-color-rendering data that has been color-rendered for a particular output gamut to optimize for output a different gamut.

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ICC Color Management in a Distributed Color Managed Workflow Identify client print shop PRINT CONDITION capabilities and submission requirements Obtain a Ref/Actual-Output-Referred ICC profile for each preferred PRINT CONDITION Calibrate and characterize each proofing device (soft/hard) Establish a calibrated re-targeting color workflow – stabilize the proof to production relationship Provide creative clients with submission guidelines (agree on workflow expectations) Determine the capabilities of data exchange methods available to clients and provide recommendations (TIFF, EPS, PDF, PDF/X, fttp to job folder, JDF, etc…) Prepress Responsibilities • • • • • • 15

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ICC Color Management in a Distributed Color Managed Workflow E.g., will you direct content to both www and press? Or, will you reprint small volume runs? • • Re-purposing and re-targeting needs? Who will be responsible for preference adjustments? Who will be responsible for color-rendering target colors? The choices of color encoding and workflow configuration should be based on these understandings Determine your color fidelity, content re-use, needs Establish calibration and characterization for each design visualization device (soft display / concept proof printer) Select a prepress and print shop that supports your re-purpose- ability and re-use needs – the Ref/Actual ICC Profiles obtain Determine the capabilities of data exchange methods and select a method that fits your requirements (TIFF, EPS, PDF, PDF/X, fttp to job folder, JDF, etc…) Creator Responsibilities • • • • 16 Visualize Color- Render Iterate Print first proofs & adjusted proofs Print production Visualize Color- Render l Smart Factory Forum 24 June, 2003 Create layout Select objects Normalize formats Combine objects Softproof layout Configure job Assemble Iterate Visualize

A. McCarthy Digita Color- Render Adjust Adjust RGB objects Visualize softcopy

ICC Color Management Color- Render Capture image states workflow functions formats job control Rendering Intents Deferred Rendering - View Sequential Capture originals and Color-Render to Wide Gamut RGB Standard Consider sequences

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Color- Render e Capture image states workflow functions formats job control Rendering Intents Deferred Rendering - View Sequential Capture originals and Color-Render to Wide Gamut RGB Standard Consider sequences 18 printing condition, printing condition, ile allow device specific ‘tweaking” ile allow device-independent changes l Smart Factory Forum 24 June, 2003 JDF ColorCorrection process and/or job collection profiles ract profile) per object type tent to look like SWOP or during production

A. McCarthy Digita JDF ColorSpaceConversion process corresponds to “Actual-Output-Referred” to corresponds condition

ICC Color Management e.g., RGB workflow with in Identify a desired “Reference-Output-Referred” Identify a desired (non-standard) printing condition May apply during proofing Printing condition attributes defined to enable correct profile selection Specify the source interpretation for each color object type Color adjustments in an Abstract prof Color adjustments in a DeviceLink prof Either method can be used to apply changes to all or part of a job • • • • • • • • Identify the color management system (per ICC registered name) Identify the use of embedded Rendering Intent – Source AND Destination (per V4 ICC) Reference Printing Condition (simulation) FinalTargetDevice Source profile (+optional Abst ICC Color-Render ICC Adjust Image/Object JDF 1.2 Color Conversion and Correction • • 19 printing condition, printing condition, JDF Screening … JDF RIPping … JDF Scanning ile allow device specific ‘tweaking” ile allow device-independent changes l Smart Factory Forum 24 June, 2003 JDF ColorCorrection process and/or job collection profiles ract profile) per object type tent to look like SWOP or during production

A. McCarthy Digita JDF ColorSpaceConversion process corresponds to “Actual-Output-Referred” to corresponds condition ICC Capture ICC Visualization JDF encoding and UI ICC Assemble Object/Entity 1. Convey originator intent 2. Convey and apply job-specific metadata

ICC Color Management e.g., RGB workflow with in Identify a desired “Reference-Output-Referred” Identify a desired (non-standard) printing condition May apply during proofing Printing condition attributes defined to enable correct profile selection Specify the source interpretation for each color object type Color adjustments in an Abstract prof Color adjustments in a DeviceLink prof Either method can be used to apply changes to all or part of a job • • • • • • • • Identify the color management system (per ICC registered name) Identify the use of embedded Rendering Intent – Source AND Destination (per V4 ICC) Reference Printing Condition (simulation) FinalTargetDevice Source profile (+optional Abst ICC Color-Render ICC Adjust Image/Object JDF 1.2 Color Conversion and Correction • • 20 Protocols Protocols Workflow Workflow Primitives Primitives Formats & Formats &

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A. McCarthy Digita Color Aim Expectation

ICC Color Management Color Calibration Color Communication Color Characterization Color Aim Implementation Color Source Specification Architecture Architecture Image State Color Transformation Image State Color Control Color Control Four Meta-Systems Deliver Color Fidelity 21

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ICC Color Management workflow examples and color management scenarios The workflow primitives in… 22 Visualize Softproof layout Print first proofs & adjusted proofs Print production Adjust scan RGB images Adjust press CMYK images Adjust RGB CG illustrations Adjust press CMYK illustrations Adjust press CMYK perceptual intent Color Aim Expectation Adjust

l Smart Factory Forum 24 June, 2003 Create layout Select objects Normalize formats Combine objects Configure job Print production Color Calibration

A. McCarthy Digita Color Characterization Color Communication Assemble Color Aim Implementation Color Source Specification Color- Render

Color Transformation ICC Color Management ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ Capture A Commercial Print Workflow – Design CMYK Press CMYK Press CMYK scan RGB ⇒ Monitor RGB ⇒ Press CMYK originalsScan Capture computer- generated (CG) illustrations rev Press CMYK Press CMYK Monitor RGB Press CMYK Proof CMYK 23 Visualize Softproof layout Print first proofs & adjusted proofs Print production Adjust scan RGB images Adjust press CMYK images Adjust RGB CG illustrations Adjust press CMYK illustrations Adjust press CMYK perceptual intent rendering CMYK color- by the initial are constrained All visualizations Color Aim Expectation Adjust by proof Adjust calibrated press CMYK as indicated l Smart Factory Forum 24 June, 2003 with CMYK RESCAN color metadata Create layout Select objects Normalize formats Combine objects Configure job Print production Assemble CMYK — identify CMYK in often requires Designer, prepress, Designer, and printer, all work Image adjustment Color Calibration

A. McCarthy Digita Color Characterization Color Communication Assemble – Color Aim Implementation Color Source Specification ) Color- either Render CMYK purposing?? Need for Re- retargeting Re-color-render Capture and Capture initial CMYK to proof Reference for Color Transformation

to CMYK ( ICC Color Management (colorimetric transform) immediate image- immediate CMYK in-house ⇒ specific color-render ⇒ ⇒ exchange or Actual Capture A Commercial Print Workflow – Design CMYK Press CMYK Press CMYK scan RGB ⇒ Monitor RGB ⇒ Press CMYK originalsScan Capture computer- generated (CG) illustrations rev Press CMYK Press CMYK Monitor RGB Press CMYK Proof CMYK 24 Visualize Softproof layout Print first proofs & adjusted proofs Print production Adjust scan RGB images Adjust press CMYK images Adjust RGB CG illustrations Adjust press CMYK illustrations Adjust press CMYK perceptual intent Color Aim Expectation Adjust

l Smart Factory Forum 24 June, 2003 Create layout Select objects Normalize formats Combine objects Configure job Print production Color Calibration

A. McCarthy Digita Color Characterization Color Communication Assemble Color Aim Implementation Color Source Specification Color- Render

Color Transformation ICC Color Management ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ Capture A Commercial Print Workflow – Design RGB Press CMYK Press CMYK scan RGB ⇒ Monitor RGB ⇒ Press CMYK originalsScan Capture computer- generated (CG) illustrations rev Press CMYK Press CMYK Monitor RGB Press CMYK Proof CMYK 25 Visualize Local can be Softproof layout Print first proofs & adjusted proofs Print production Adjust scan RGB images Adjust press CMYK images Adjust RGB CG illustrations Adjust press CMYK illustrations Adjust press CMYK perceptual intent optimized, distributed distributed visualizations visualizations are constrained Color Aim Expectation Adjust )

l Smart Factory Forum 24 June, 2003 for RGB in in for RGB more reliance on characterization exchange — CRT calibration and CMYK part of image adjustment Softcopy visualization is a Create layout Select objects Normalize formats Combine objects Configure job Print production require rescan Source profile and for adjustment does not design and prepress prepress design and metadata must be managed Can result in significant cost savings when image cost savings when Color Calibration

A. McCarthy Digita Color Characterization Color Communication Assemble Color Aim Implementation Color Source Specification color- ) Color- Render , for exchange, , for exchange, and/or local rendered to purposing?? Need for Re- production, re- Entire job is Entire Color Transformation targeted for proofing targeted ICC Color Management CMYK gamut RGB Reference or Actual ⇒ (alternatively — ⇒ ⇒ rendered to an and job assembly and job assembly perceptually color- intermediate output Capture-referred data is Capture-referred RGB for image adjustment referred ‘standard’ wide retained in capture-referred Capture A Commercial Print Workflow – Design RGB Press CMYK Press CMYK scan RGB ⇒ Monitor RGB ⇒ Press CMYK originalsScan Capture computer- generated (CG) illustrations rev Press CMYK Press CMYK Monitor RGB Press CMYK Proof CMYK 26 Visualize Softproof layout Print first proofs & adjusted proofs Print production Adjust scan RGB images Adjust press CMYK images Adjust RGB CG illustrations Adjust press CMYK illustrations Adjust press CMYK perceptual intent Color Aim Expectation Adjust

l Smart Factory Forum 24 June, 2003 Create layout Select objects Normalize formats Combine objects Configure job Print production Color Calibration

A. McCarthy Digita Color Characterization Color Communication Assemble Color Aim Implementation Color Source Specification Color- Render

Color Transformation ICC Color Management ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ Capture A Commercial Print Workflow – Deferred CMYK Press CMYK Press CMYK scan RGB ⇒ Monitor RGB ⇒ Press CMYK originalsScan Capture computer- generated (CG) illustrations rev Press CMYK Press CMYK Monitor RGB Press CMYK Proof CMYK 27 , are (with Visualize printer Softproof layout Print first proofs & adjusted proofs Print production Adjust scan RGB images Adjust press CMYK images Adjust RGB CG illustrations Adjust press CMYK illustrations Adjust press CMYK perceptual intent structure separation including if proof print The appearance needed, dot & enabled reconstruct the must be able to Remote/future Color Aim Expectation re-purposing content re-use and new preferences) Adjust

interoperability (the

l Smart Factory Forum 24 June, 2003 color management systems Utilizes multi-vendor ICC Utilizes multi-vendor ICC behavior through remotely located Requires predictable color-rendering color-rendering predictable Requires Create layout Select objects Normalize formats Combine objects Configure job Print production Source and managed designer’s intent) designer’s “proofed” output- used to deliver the metadata must be destination profile referred profile can be profile referred Color Calibration

A. McCarthy Digita Color Characterization Color Communication Assemble Color Aim Implementation Color Source Specification ) Color- Render gamut RGB

Color Transformation ICC Color Management (alternatively — rendered to an ⇒ and job assembly and job assembly ⇒ ⇒ perceptually color- intermediate output- Capture-referred data is Capture-referred RGB for image adjustment During design and prepress the job prepress design and During or to a Reference is color-rendered Actual CMYK and may be re- targeted for proof (a reference proof / actual visualization proof) or intermediate Capture-referred output-referred RGB is exchanged Re-purposing is fully enabled referred ‘standard’ wide retained in capture-referred Capture A Commercial Print Workflow – Deferred CMYK Press CMYK Press CMYK scan RGB ⇒ Monitor RGB ⇒ Press CMYK originalsScan Capture computer- generated (CG) illustrations rev Press CMYK Press CMYK Monitor RGB Press CMYK Proof CMYK 28

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ICC Color Management Detail on Workflow Primitives… 29 Scene- referred, Original- referred

l Smart Factory Forum 24 June, 2003 device-dependent raw device-dependent data to a device- capture independent representation based on capture conditions

A. McCarthy Digita 1. Device correction 1.2. Process control stability Transform proprietary 1.2. Proprietary methods output format Standard 1. Initialize image state Fundamental Imaging Operation: Key Color Fidelity Requirements: Image System Domain: Image State Impact:

ICC Color Management Scene reflectances, Original images The Capture Workflow Primitive 30

l Smart Factory Forum 24 June, 2003 om a digital camera or from of the spectral radiances of a of the spectral radiances may also include capture of a

A. McCarthy Digita

ICC Color Management - with an associated input profile - each characterizing the Image state is initialized to scene-referred Capture scene-referred images fr scan of a negative Process to correct for capture device, e.g., gray balance and intensity adjustment Data is not color-rendered to any visualization, i.e., an ICC profile is associated but not applied Scene capture refers to view of the natural world and computer simulation of such spectral radiances The Capture Scene primitive produces scene-referred images capture condition (negative scanner, digital camera) Capture Scene • The Capture Workflow Primitive 31 iginal-referred images application that is rendered

ains color-rendering to the output l Smart Factory Forum 24 June, 2003 images may be rendered to the positive transparency scanner, ndered computer generated image k), or scan from positive -referred to the creation station eated the original hardcopy

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ICC Color Management Image state is initialized to original-referred Capture reflection or transparency color-rendered images, scan from reflection hardcopy (e.g., artwor Process to correct for capture device, e.g., gray balance and intensity The original-referred image data cont This case includes color-rendered computer graphics images: image data created through computer graphics Computer generated color-rendered The Capture Original primitive produces or transparency; or capture color-re gamut of the process that cr to an image look and is original gamut of the creation display, or rendered to a print softcopy - with an associated input profile - each characterizing the capture condition (e.g., reflection scanner, computer graphics workstation monitor) - profiles are not applied the The Capture Workflow Primitive Capture Original • 32 Applied rendering, Virtual rendering

l Smart Factory Forum 24 June, 2003 appearance operations device-independent representation to a destination device- independent representation state based on color- render condition colorimetric methods methods

A. McCarthy Digita 1. Gamut mapping and 2. operation Preference 1.2. Process characterization Transform a source 1. or ‘nest’ image Change 1.2. format interface Standard media-relative Standard 3. Proprietary perceptual Fundamental Imaging Operations: Key Color Fidelity Requirements: Image State Impact: Image System Domain:

ICC Color Management Capture- referred, Output- referred The Color-Render (CMM) Workflow Primitive 33

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ICC Color Management Following Capture Before Adjust Image/Object Following Adjust Image/Object As a substep of Assemble Object/Entity After Assemble Object/Entity As a substep of Visualization Using Visualization (manual color-rendering) Color-Render CHANGES IMAGE STATE Color-Render includes profile based gamut mapping and manual adjustments to correct gamut mapping Color-Render includes gamut to transform, e.g., CMYK to CMYK, sRGB monitor RGB transform, within the same meta-image-state Color-Render includes appearance (viewing environment) adaptation and preferential aspects of the perceptual intent Color-Render may occur ONE or N TIMES The Color-Render (CMM) Workflow Primitive • • • • • 34

l Smart Factory Forum 24 June, 2003 ve colorimetric, and saturation

A. McCarthy Digita

ICC Color Management 255r,255g,255b should always convert to non-image/non-ink values to non-image/non-ink always convert 255r,255g,255b should (255,255,255 for RGB and 0,0,0,0 CMYK) • E.g., for perceptual, media-relati intents, white should NEVER be interpolated Gamut mapping and appearance are carried out in combination between a source profile, destination and a color management module (CMM) Both gamut mapping and appearance adaptation are built into the perceptual transforms of source and destination profiles Chromatic adaptation is built into media-relative colorimetric intent transforms A CMM handles clipping to the destination gamut boundary as required for the media-relative colorimetric intent A CMM should handle certain gamut mapping cases The Color-Render (CMM) Workflow Primitive • • • • • 35

not applied) Visualization Condition l Smart Factory Forum 24 June, 2003 used to assign a visualization handle proofing, image setter, etc. a different ROR or AOR Data + Source Profile ROR or AOR Data + Source a different ⇒ ROR Data + Source Profile + Output Profile(s)** Profile + Output Profile(s)** ROR Data + Source AOR Data + Source Profile Output Profile(s)**

A. McCarthy Digita OR Data + Input Profile Output Profile(s)** ROR or AOR Data + Source Profile ROR or AOR Data + Source ⇒ ⇒ SR Data + Input Profile Output Profile(s)** Profile AOR or ROR Data + Source ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ ⇒

ICC Color Management **optional additional Output Profile to the input following would be chained output profile The 2nd or additional for is processed data image the when output profiles and primary the proofer, imagesetter, etc.

SR Data + Input Profile OR Data + Input Profile Profile ROR Data + Source AOR Data + Source Profile SR Data + Input Profile OR Data + Input Profile Profile ROR or AOR Data + Source (ICC Profile), e.g., “Virtual CMYK” Producing images with an associated (but Producing images realized in a Visualization Condition (output-referred state) Producing images realized in a Visualization Condition (output-referred ⇒ Examples Examples ⇒ The Color-Render (CMM) Workflow Primitive ‘Virtual color-rendering’ can be for later use ‘Applied color-rendering’ can be used to process image data through a source profile and one or more destination profiles • • 36

not applied) Visualization Condition l Smart Factory Forum 24 June, 2003 used to assign a visualization handle proofing, image setter, etc. a different ROR or AOR Data + Source Profile ROR or AOR Data + Source a different ⇒ "output-referred" ROR Data + Source Profile + Output Profile(s)** Profile + Output Profile(s)** ROR Data + Source AOR Data + Source Profile Output Profile(s)**

A. McCarthy Digita up to the destination profile. OR Data + Input Profile Output Profile(s)** ROR or AOR Data + Source Profile ROR or AOR Data + Source ⇒ ⇒ SR Data + Input Profile Output Profile(s)** Profile AOR or ROR Data + Source ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ Note that in a Version 4 Input profile – portrays a capture-referred image into the Colorimetric PCS – this case a Color-Render in the media-relative colorimetric rendering intent point mapping)- but the image does not become transform is applied (chromatic adaptation, white …so in this case managing the display image state is

l Smart Factory Forum 24 June, 2003 estimate expected visualization conditions representation into an ‘expected visualization’ representation preferred changes are encoded in image or metadata

A. McCarthy Digita 1. operation Preference 1. Proprietary methods 2. Transform an initial 1.2. Persist image state appearance Same-state 1.2. format interface Standard Proprietary methods Fundamental Imaging Operation: Key Color Fidelity Requirements: Image State Impact: Image System Domain:

ICC Color Management Capture- referred, Output- referred The Adjust Image/Object Workflow Primitive 38

l Smart Factory Forum 24 June, 2003 assembled object file formats

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ICC Color Management Adjust does NOT change image state Adjust DOES change encoded values Adjust does not change image or Following Capture Before Color-Render Following Color-Render As a substep of Assemble Object/Entity As a substep of Visualization Using Visualization Adjust deals with preference and aesthetic changes, not changes required due to constraints imposed by any particular visualization mechanism Adjust includes local and/or global preference operations Adjust may occur ONE or N TIMES Global preference changes may be accomplished by adjusting a profile • • • • The Adjust Image/Object Workflow Primitive 39

l Smart Factory Forum 24 June, 2003 through the available profile(s) anges as well global changes justments are compatible with carried along but not changed ual output appearance and to

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ICC Color Management profile-based color-renderings ensure that the preference ad Any associated profile(s) are This method will support local ch data in the image Optionally, adjust image data while viewing through the associated input/source profile, or the concatenated destinationinput/source and profiles Adjust image data while viewing to get the desired real or virt Directly Preference adjust image data • The Adjust Image/Object Workflow Primitive 40

l Smart Factory Forum 24 June, 2003 d or reference-output-referred) it through the destination profile eptual intent transform of the changes using the current ICC the associated profile(s)

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ICC Color Management While viewing the (capture-referre The edits are applied to the perc This method allows only global image through the input/source profile and, if a destination is associated, while also viewing input/source profile and the viewing is through perceptual intent transform(s) of paradigm Preference adjust the perceptual intent of input/source profile associated with an image This path requires an image container or file format that can support embedding or associating at least one profile with an image, so that the input/source profile containing the edits can be linked with image If an output profile is also associated, then the image container must allow two linked profiles The Adjust Image/Object Workflow Primitive • • • 41 ofile and, if a destination profile

l Smart Factory Forum 24 June, 2003 e abstract profile, rather than d or reference-output-referred) it through the destination profile changes using the current ICC

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ICC Color Management While viewing the (capture-referre One advantage in using an abstract profile to capture edits, compared to using either a source/input or destination profile, is that then image dependence can be constrained to th This method allows only global This path requires an image container or file format that can support embedding or associating more than one profile with an image, so that at least 2 profiles (the input/source profile image profile) can be linked with the and the abstract If an output profile is also associated, then the image container must allow three linked profiles image through the input (or) source pr is associated, while also viewing being merged with the device-centric source/input or destination profiles paradigm The Adjust Image/Object Workflow Primitive Preference adjust an abstract profile associated with image • 42

l Smart Factory Forum 24 June, 2003 eptual intent transform(s) of the profile perceptual intent transform d or reference-output-referred) changes using the current ICC

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ICC Color Management While viewing the (capture-referre The edits are applied to the output This method allows only global image through the input/source profile and output and the viewing is through perc associated profiles paradigm Preference adjust the perceptual intent transform of output profile associated with an image (before it is applied) This path requires an image container or file format that can support embedding or associating at least two profiles with an image, so that the input/source profile, and output profile with the edits, can be linked image This method can be used to accomplish visualization-specific preference adjustments The Adjust Image/Object Workflow Primitive • • • 43 Formatted for display, Formatted for further use

l Smart Factory Forum 24 June, 2003 persistence and control incorporate expected visualization conditions objects for an expected visualization metadata in PDL and job metadata in protocol containers

A. McCarthy Digita 1. None 1. Job control and format 2. Proprietary methods 3. Combine images and 1.2. Persist image state Format images and 1.2. format interface Standard Proprietary methods Fundamental Imaging Operation: Key Color Fidelity Requirements: Image State Impact: Image System Domain:

ICC Color Management Capture- referred, Output- referred The Assemble Object/Entity Workflow Primitive 44 d changes object combinations

change image state, or l Smart Factory Forum 24 June, 2003 or links images into PDL

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ICC Color Management Assemble Object/Entity does not encoding values Assemble Object/Entity creates an using page description language (PDL) containers Assemble Object/Entity embeds containers Following Capture Before Adjust Image/Object Following Adjust Image/Object Before Color-Render Following Color-Render Using Visualization Assemble Object/Entity deals with image and/or object formats; selection, format, and linkage of metadata job information Assemble may occur ONE or N TIMES • • The Assemble Object/Entity Workflow Primitive 45

l Smart Factory Forum 24 June, 2003 be pre-color-rendered to match ets, PDL files, application files ender conditions) of an assembled , embedded, or referenced image and line art eted visualization path?

A. McCarthy Digita Color-Rendered Images (AOR) + Source Profile(s) Reference Color-Rendered Images (ROR) + Source Profile(s) Capture-referred Images + Input Profiles Color-Render Deferred Images + Input/Source Profile(s) Output Profile(s) – – – –

Containing encapsulated elements images or can be associated with to specific ICC profiles can be linked an entire object or entity ICC Color Management • • I.e., do the image states (color-r I.e., do the image Image or object components can Job submission protocols, job tick entity and its linked components meet the submission requirements of the targ the submission requirements of a targeted visualization path Assemble Object/Entity includes consideration of the color-rendering condition of an assembled entity Assemble Object/Entity can produce combinations of The Assemble Object/Entity Workflow Primitive • • 46 Realized visualization

l Smart Factory Forum 24 June, 2003 specific visualization optimization independent visualization encoding into a device- realized dependent visualization mapped image state

A. McCarthy Digita 1. Device correction 1.2. Process control stability Proprietary device 3. Transform a device- 1. Final proprietary device- 1.2. input interface Standard Proprietary methods Fundamental Imaging Operation: Key Color Fidelity Requirements: Image State Impact: Image System Domain:

ICC Color Management Formatted for display, Job control defined The Visualization Workflow Primitive 47

l Smart Factory Forum 24 June, 2003 quirements of an intermediate

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ICC Color Management Adjust Color-Render Assemble • • • Each visualization system imposes a set of ‘submission condition requirements’ on received data When submission conditions are not met a job may fail or produce unexpected results occur sequentially leading to a final visualization Visualizations can Visualizations can occur in parallel, leading to multiple final visualizations Intermediate visualizations can occur as required for When the submission condition re visualization and a targeted final are aligned - job the can be ‘proofed’ Visualization performs a final visualization-condition-specific image state transition to create a realized visualization As an image, object, or entity is used The Visualization Workflow Primitive • • 48

l Smart Factory Forum 24 June, 2003

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ICC Color Management Detail on Image Processing Operations… 49

l Smart Factory Forum 24 June, 2003 precede color-rendering

A. McCarthy Digita ‘Corrections’ are operations that required based on device limitations or anomalies 'Corrections' can be capture side image specific adjustments that prepare an image so it can then be processed through gamut mapping operations, appearance and/or preference operations in different ways for output options Capture correction operations can be image and capture method specific and should operations Correction operations can also occur at the final stage of output, within the output device (e.g., calibration) Output correction operations are device specific, and the responsibility of the output device ICC Color Management • • • • • Correction operations: Fundamental image processing operations-1 • 50

l Smart Factory Forum 24 June, 2003

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Lightening or dynamic range compression to compensate for illumination level and surround differences Unsharp masking to maintain detail contrast ICC Color Management • • Appearance operations are input to output environment specific operations Examples are Depending on the particular situation, a preference or gamut mapping algorithm might operate prior to or following an appearance operation Appearance operations: Fundamental image processing operations-2 • 51 at you know is actually within

l Smart Factory Forum 24 June, 2003 mbined with a color-rendering output constrained preference ⇒

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ICC Color Management Applied in an output-referred image state Applied in a capture-referred image state Sharpening and contrast boosting Selecting a saturated green grass th a targeted output gamut adjustment Preference operations may be co operation or may be distinct operation or may be • • • • • Preference operations are image specific and may be output gamut constrained Preference issues deal with intentional alterations of appearance to increase the aesthetic value of an image The preference may pertain to a particular visualization The preference may pertain to all visualizations Examples Preference operations: Fundamental image processing operations-3 • 52

l Smart Factory Forum 24 June, 2003 t even in the media-relative

A. McCarthy Digita E.g., Perceptual PCS to visualization output gamut Yeilds best results when the operation is image specific – – Gamut mapping operations fit the results of appearance and preference operations into actual device/medium gamuts The term 'gamut mapping' includes the simple case of clipping at the gamut boundary as must occur when going from a larger gamut to a smaller gamu colorimetric Rendering Intent case Mapping the co-ordinates of elements a source image to the co-ordinates of corresponding elements of a reproduction Compensating for differences in the source and output color gamut volume and shape ICC Color Management • • • • Gamut mapping operations are input to output specific Gamut mapping operations: Fundamental image processing operations-4 • 53 protocols, standards, and

l Smart Factory Forum 24 June, 2003 ital Smart Factory: g te value = ICC profiles and rendering workflow semantic model and color ry in transacting business orders, ry in transacting business a digital smart factory environment = in automated color management

A. McCarthy Digita : The incorporation of intelligent capability within : The identification of management principles, training, : The investigation and recognition of the required : The identification of needed : The implementation of Computer Integrated Manufacturing for ICC Color Management color management in a JDF 1.2 environment. Smart Content content files or applications to crea intent selections. Control solutions. Commerce the purpose of automation, productivity, capability, and predictability = the purpose of automation, productivity, capability, and predictability use of JDF 1.2 and ICC profiles hardware and software platforms for creating an optimizing environment for integration and integrity = ICC practices that will assist the indust payments, and specifications = JDF 1.2. Architecture control architecture. Infrastructure and skill sets required to create ICC Color management perspective Five components of the Di • • • • •