Mlb Luxury Tax Penalty by Year
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An Analysis of the Nba Luxury Tax
IS IT BETTER TO GIVE OR RECEIVE? AN ANALYSIS OF THE NBA LUXURY TAX. A THESIS Presented to The Faculty of the Department of Economics and Business The Colorado College In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Arts By Ricky Boebel April, 2015 1 IS IT BETTER TO GIVE OR RECEIVE? AN ANALYSIS OF THE NBA LUXURY TAX. Ricky Boebel April, 2015 Mathematical Economics Abstract The results showed that teams that project themselves to have a winning record should breach the tax threshold. However, these franchises should not pay beyond one standard deviation of the average tax figure in a given year. Teams that project themselves to have a losing record should stay under the threshold. This is surprising as many franchises, particularly those in small markets, often go to drastic lengths to stay below the tax to the detriment of on and off-court performance. Over the period studied, an average of 6 teams paid the tax. The model found that regardless of market size around 15 teams per year would increase franchise net worth by having payrolls above the tax. KEYWORDS: (NBA, Tax, Salary Cap, Net Worth) JEL CODES: (A100, C120, J000) 2 ON MY HONOR, I HAVE NEITHER GIVEN NOR RECEIVED UNAUTHORIZED AID ON THIS THESIS Signature 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ................................................................................................................ 2 Acknowledgements .............................................................................................. 5 Introduction .......................................................................................................... -
Today's Starting Lineups
BOSTON RED SOX (58-38) vs. NEW YORK YANKEES (50-44) Thursday, July 22, 2021 ● Fenway Park, Boston, MA NEW YORK YANKEES AVG HR RBI PLAYER POS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 AB R H RBI .270 7 37 26-DJ LeMahieu 1B .193 4 14 11-Brett Gardner L LF .260 16 45 27-Giancarlo Stanton DH .224 11 25 12-Rougned Odor L 2B .241 6 33 25-Gleyber Torres SS .250 0 0 62-Rob Brantly L C .417 0 2 22-Greg Allen S RF .333 1 2 90-Estevan Florial L CF .194 0 2 14-Tyler Wade L 3B R H E LOB PITCHERS DEC IP H R ER BB SO HR WP HB P/S GAME DATA 47-Jordan Montgomery, LHP (3-5, 4.18) Official Scorer: Chaz Scoggins 1st Pitch: Temp: Game Time: Attendance: 11-Brett Gardner, OF (L) 40-Luis Severino, RHP^ 63-Lucas Luetge, LHP 85-Luis Cessa, RHP NYY Bench NYY Bullpen 41-Miguel Andújar, INF* 64-Carlos Mendoza (Bench) 86-Clarke Schmidt, RHP^ 12-Rougned Odor, INF (L) 14-Tyler Wade, INF/OF (L) 43-Jonathan Loaisiga, RHP# 65-Nestor Cortes, LHP# 88-Phil Nevin (Third Base) Left Left 45-Gerrit Cole, RHP 66-Kyle Higashioka, C# 90-Estevan Florial, OF (L) 17-Aaron Boone (Manager) None 34-Justin Wilson 22-Greg Allen, OF (S) 47-Jordan Montgomery, LHP 67-Matt Blake (Pitching) 92-Chris Gittens, INF 24-Gary Sánchez, C 50-Jameson Taillon, RHP 68-Sal Romano, RHP 95-Trey Amburgey, OF* 53-Zack Britton 25-Gleyber Torres, INF 53-Zack Britton, LHP 72-Marcus Thames (Hitting) 99-Aaron Judge, OF# Right 54-Aroldis Chapman 26-DJ LeMahieu, INF 54-Aroldis Chapman, LHP 73-Michael King, RHP* 24-Gary Sánchez 27-Giancarlo Stanton, OF 55-Domingo Germán, RHP 74-P.J. -
Team Payroll Versus Performance in Professional Sports: Is Increased Spending Associated with Greater Success?
Team Payroll Versus Performance in Professional Sports: Is Increased Spending Associated with Greater Success? Grant Shorin Professor Peter S. Arcidiacono, Faculty Advisor Professor Kent P. Kimbrough, Seminar Advisor Duke University Durham, North Carolina 2017 Grant graduated with High Distinction in Economics and a minor in Statistical Science in May 2017. Following graduation, he will be working in San Francisco as an Analyst at Altman Vilandrie & Company, a strategy consulting group that focuses on the telecom, media, and technology sectors. He can be contacted at [email protected]. Acknowledgements I would like to thank my thesis advisor, Peter Arcidiacono, for his valuable guidance. I would also like to acknowledge my honors seminar instructor, Kent Kimbrough, for his continued support and feedback. Lastly, I would like to recognize my honors seminar classmates for their helpful comments throughout the year. 2 Abstract Professional sports are a billion-dollar industry, with player salaries accounting for the largest expenditure. Comparing results between the four major North American leagues (MLB, NBA, NHL, and NFL) and examining data from 1995 through 2015, this paper seeks to answer the following question: do teams that have higher payrolls achieve greater success, as measured by their regular season, postseason, and financial performance? Multiple data visualizations highlight unique relationships across the three dimensions and between each sport, while subsequent empirical analysis supports these findings. After standardizing payroll values and using a fixed effects model to control for team-specific factors, this paper finds that higher payroll spending is associated with an increase in regular season winning percentage in all sports (but is less meaningful in the NFL), a substantial rise in the likelihood of winning the championship in the NBA and NHL, and a lower operating income in all sports. -
Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Railriders Game Notes Syracuse Mets (15-37) Vs
scranton/wilkes-barre railriders game notes Syracuse Mets (15-37) vs. Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders (34-16) LHP Thomas Szapucki (0-3, 4.41 ERA) vs. RHP Luis Gil (1-0, 5.14 ERA) | Game 51 | Home Game 22 | PNC Field | Moosic, PA | July 6, 2021 | First Pitch 7:05 p.m. | last time out... upcoming schedule / results WORCESTER, Mass. (July 4, 2021) – The Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders had the go-ahead run in scoring position with one out in the date opponent result top of the ninth, but fell to the Worcester Red Sox 5-4 on Sunday night at Polar Park. July 3 @ Worcester L, 4-3 July 4 @ Worcester L, 5-4 The RailRiders took the lead in the top of the second inning when Armando Alvarez hit a leadoff double against Tanner Houck. Two batters July 6 Syracuse 7:05 p.m. later, he scored on an Andrew Velazquez double to give Scranton/Wilkes-Barre a 1-0 lead. July 7 Syracuse - Game 1 5:05 p.m. Syracuse - Game 2 Asher Wojciechowski (0-1) retired the first nine batters he faced in his second start of the year for the RailRiders, but was touched up for July 8 Syracuse 7:05 p.m. two runs in the fourth. Jarren Duran tripled to lead off the inning and scored on a Yairo Munoz double. Munoz came around to score on a Johan Mieses sacrifice fly later in the frame to give Worcester a 2-1 lead. July 9 Syracuse 7:05 p.m. July 10 Syracuse 6:05 p.m. -
Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Railriders Game Notes Syracuse Mets (11-26) Vs
scranton/wilkes-barre railriders game notes Syracuse Mets (11-26) vs. Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders (24-11) LHP Thomas Szapucki (0-2, 3.51 ERA) vs. RHP Luis Gil (Triple-A Debut) | Game 36 | Home Game 18 | PNC Field | Moosic, PA | June 16, 2021 | First Pitch 7:05 p.m. | last time out... upcoming schedule / results MOOSIC, Pa. (June 15, 2021) – The Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders scored 10 runs in their final two at-bats and pulled off a stunning 12-6 comeback win over date opponent result the Syracuse Mets on Tuesday night at PNC Field. June 11 @ Buffalo (Trenton) L, 4-2 June 12 @ Buffalo (Trenton) W, 6-4 (10) The Mets jumped out to an early lead, scoring five times in the top of the first inning against Deivi Garcia. The right-hander only recorded one out in the game June 13 @ Buffalo (Trenton) W, 8-0 and walked four batters while throwing 35 pitches in the frame. Scranton/Wilkes-Barre answered right back when Estevan Florial led off the bottom of the first June 15 Syracuse W, 12-6 with a solo home run off Akeem Bostick. Syracuse tallied a run off Brian Keller in the second to take a 6-1 lead, but struggled to generate any offense after that. June 15 Syracuse 7:05 p.m. The Mets had only one hit after the second inning. June 17 Syracuse 7:05 p.m. The RailRiders cut the deficit to 6-2 in the bottom of the fifth, when Florial doubled and score on a Hoy Park single. -
Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Railriders Game Notes Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Railriders (58-37) at Lehigh Valley Ironpigs (43-54)
scranton/wilkes-barre railriders game notes Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders (58-37) at Lehigh Valley IronPigs (43-54) LHP JP Sears (1-0, 2.45 ERA) vs. LHP Cristopher Sánchez (4-5, 3.72 ERA) | Game 96 | Road Game 50 | Coca-Cola Park | Allentown, PA | August 27, 2021 | First Pitch 7:05 p.m. | last time out... upcoming schedule / results ALLENTOWN, Pa. (August 26, 2021) – The Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders dominated all facets of the game in a 6-0 shutout win over the Lehigh date opponent result Valley IronPigs on Thursday night at Coca-Cola Park. Aug. 22 @ Worcester Canceled Aug. 24 @ Lehigh Valley W, 5-2 For the third time in their last six games, the RailRiders pitching staff took a no-hit bid into the seventh inning, with Matt Krook and Reggie McClain Aug. 25 @ Lehigh Valley W, 10-3 keeping the IronPigs hitless through six stanzas. Krook (3-4) turned in a strong outing, striking out six and walking four in 5.0 innings of work. In his last four appearances, the left-hander has recorded 29 strikeouts in 19.2 innings while allowing only seven hits. Aug. 26 @ Lehigh Valley W, 6-0 Aug. 27 @ Lehigh Valley 7:05 p.m. Scranton/Wilkes-Barre struck for a run against Jack Perkins (0-1) in the top of the second when Armando Alvarez doubled and scored on a Kyle Aug. 28 @ Lehigh Valley 6:35 p.m. Holder base hit. The RailRiders added another tally in the fourth when Holder dropped down a sacrifice squeeze bunt to score Rob Brantly from third. -
Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Railriders Game Notes Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Railriders (11-4) at Rochester Red Wings (3-12)
scranton/wilkes-barre railriders game notes Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders (11-4) at Rochester Red Wings (3-12) LHP Mike Montgomery (0-2, 9.26 ERA) vs. RHP Steven Fuentes (0-1, 12.15 ERA) | Game 16 | Road Game 10 | Frontier Field | Rochester, NY | May 21, 2021 | First Pitch 7:05 p.m. | last time out... upcoming schedule / results ROCHESTER, N.Y. (May 20, 2021) – The Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders had their seven-game road winning streak snapped by the date opponent result Rochester Red Wings on Thursday night at Frontier Field, 5-3. May 13 Lehigh Valley W, 5-2 May 14 Lehigh Valley W, 6-4 The RailRiders struck in the top of the first for three runs against Jefry Rodriguez. Socrates Brito connected for a two-run double and scored May 15 Lehigh Valley L, 5-4 on a single by Thomas Milone to stake Scranton/Wilkes-Barre to a 3-0 lead. May 16 Lehigh Valley W, 3-1 May 18 @ Rochester W, 11-6 Brian Keller turned in his best outing of the season in his third start. The right-hander allowed only one run on three hits in 4.0 innings of May 19 @ Rochester W, 3-2 work, striking out a season-high six batters. The only Rochester run against him came on a solo home run by Brandon Snyder. May 20 @ Rochester L, 5-3 The Red Wings tied the game in the fifth against Brooks Kriske. After a two-out walk to Yasmany Tomas, Daniel Palka tucked a two-run May 21 @ Rochester 7:05 p.m. -
Rod Dedeaux ˨ the Architect of Usc Baseball R Rod
RODRRODOD DEDEAUXDDEDEAUXEDEAUX ˨˨ THETTHEHE ARCHITECTAARCHITECTRCHITECT OOFOFF UUSCUSCSC BBASEBALLBASEBALLASEBALL On January 5, 2006, the USC baseball program suff ered the loss of Rod Dedeaux, one of the greatest college coaches ever, who passed away at the age of 91. Not only was Dedeaux the main architect for the success of the USC baseball program, but also one of the great ambassadors for college baseball and amateur baseball in international competition. In his 45-year tenure at USC (1942-86), Dedeaux led the Trojans to 11 national championships and 28 conference titles. He posted an overall record of 1,332-571-11 for a superb .699 winning percentage. At his retirement, he had won more games than any other college baseball coach (he currently ranks seventh among Division I coaches). His teams from 1970-74 won fi ve straight NCAA championships, a record that may never be broken. No other school has won more than two in a row. Two personal honors for Dedeaux, which are quite fi tting considering his accomplishments, came in 1999 when he was named “Coach of the Century” by both Baseball America and Collegiate Baseball. As part of the 50th anniversary of the College World Series in 1996, Dedeaux was named the head coach of the All-Time CWS team by a panel of former World Series coaches, media and college baseball offi cials. In 1999, he was presented with keys to the city of Omaha (home to the College World Series). Dedeaux was named Coach of the Year six times by the American Baseball Coaches Association and was inducted into the organization’s Hall of Fame in 1970. -
Labor Relations in Major League Baseball
Smith ScholarWorks Economics: Faculty Publications Economics 1-1-2003 Labor Relations in Major League Baseball Andrew Zimbalist Smith College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.smith.edu/eco_facpubs Part of the Economics Commons Recommended Citation Zimbalist, Andrew, "Labor Relations in Major League Baseball" (2003). Economics: Faculty Publications, Smith College, Northampton, MA. https://scholarworks.smith.edu/eco_facpubs/46 This Article has been accepted for inclusion in Economics: Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Smith ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected] 10.1177/1527002503257388Zimbalist / LABOR RELATIONSJOURNAL IN BASEBALL OF SPORTS ECONOMICS / November 2003 ARTICLE Labor Relations in Major League Baseball ANDREW ZIMBALIST Smith College This article explores some of the roots and processes of the contentiousness surrounding baseball labor relations, assesses the new collective bargaining agreement, and exam- ines the history of negotiations that contributed to its structure. The author offers explana- tions why the 2002 labor agreement is not efficiently structured to achieve its professed goals and argues that the perceived tensions that afflicted the industry in 2002 are not likely to disappear by 2007, when more substantive changes will need to be made in order to avoid another confrontation between labor and management. Keywords: major league baseball; labor relations; collective bargaining agreement; revenue sharing; competitive balance; luxury tax Mention baseball labor relations to the typical fan and, as sure as Barry Bonds will be walked with a runner on second and two outs, the reaction will be disgust. Some say it is unseemly, if not immoral, for millionaires to fight billionaires in a world riddled with hunger and homelessness. -
Cubs Daily Clips
December 5, 2018 • NBC Sports Chicago, MLB teams pulling out all the stops for Bryce Harper and Cubs reportedly still in the mix https://www.nbcsports.com/chicago/cubs/mlb-teams-pulling-out-all-stops-bryce-harper-and-cubs- reportedly-still-mix-magic-johnson-dodgers-phillies-thome-white-sox • NBC Sports Chicago, State of the Cubs: First base https://www.nbcsports.com/chicago/cubs/state-cubs-first-base-rizzo-bryant-zobrist-baez-injury • NBC Sports Chicago, Even if they don't get Bryce Harper back, the Nationals just ensured they'll be a threat to Cubs, NL in 2019 https://www.nbcsports.com/chicago/cubs/even-if-they-dont-get-bryce-harper-back-nationals-nl- threat-contender-world-series-corbin-strasburg-scherzer • Chicago Tribune, Column: The Cubs have needs to address with winter meetings approaching — and the time is ripe to make roster moves https://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/baseball/cubs/ct-spt-cubs-moves-20181204-story.html • Chicago Tribune, Alderman says Chicago Cubs ownership looking to take him out of the (political) ballgame https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/politics/ct-met-ricketts-family-44th-ward-20181108- story.html • The Athletic, Are the Cubs lurking in the Bryce Harper sweepstakes? https://theathletic.com/694742/2018/12/04/are-the-cubs-lurking-in-the-bryce-harper- sweepstakes/ -- NBC Sports Chicago MLB teams pulling out all the stops for Bryce Harper and Cubs reportedly still in the mix By Tony Andracki Bryce Harper is still dominating headlines this Hot Stove season and now we're getting a glimpse into the big pitches from each MLB team. -
The 2011 Basketball Lockout: the Union Lives to Fight Another Day— Just Barely
64 STAN. L. REV. ONLINE 51 January 25, 2012 THE 2011 BASKETBALL LOCKOUT: THE UNION LIVES TO FIGHT ANOTHER DAY— JUST BARELY William B. Gould IV* Sports in 2011 was synonymous with labor-management relations, which became contentious in two of the three sports in which collective bargaining agreements expired—football and basketball.1 The National Basketball Asso- ciation (NBA or the owners), for its part, made it clear that it would utilize a lockout as a means of economic pressure to obtain the kind of agreement it de- sired. The lockout substantially disadvantaged the National Basketball Players Association (the union), which was nonetheless able to revive at the eleventh hour of collective bargaining due to the threat of antitrust litigation. Now, as it was nearly thirty years ago when the first “cap” was negotiated between the union and the NBA, economics in basketball have been more per- ilous than in the other two of the Big Three sports in the United States2— baseball and football. Indeed, three decades ago, the 1981 playoff finals be- tween the Boston Celtics and the Houston Rockets were expected to be such a poor television draw that they were broadcast on tape delay, much of it after midnight, even though Celtics superstar Larry Bird was one of the players. To- day, basketball revenues are approximately $4 billion annually, compared to football with $9 billion and baseball with more than $7 billion. This contrast in revenue, coupled with losses suffered by some of the less successful teams and teams in small markets, formed one element of the backdrop for the 2011 bas- ketball negotiations. -
Salary Caps in Professional Team Sports
Salary Caps in Professional Team Sports Salary caps and payroll taxes may seem beneficial to owners, but are their effects more symbolic and cosmetic than fundamental? Labor relations models in basketball, football, baseball, and hockey have certain commonalities. BY PA UL D. STAUDOHAR he use of salary caps, limiting This article examines the nature how much teams can pay and operation of salary caps in bas- Ttheir players, is a relatively new ketball and football, and the contro- development. Basketball was the first versies and arrangements over the is- sport to cap salaries, in the 1984-85 sue in baseball and hockey. Because season, and a similar restriction went salary caps can be viewed as a coun- into effect in football in 1994. In other terpart to free agency, there is particu- sports, salary caps were contested in lar interest in how these two features both the 1994-95 baseball strike and interact. Salary caps are also viewed the 1994-95 lockout in hockey. In in the broader context of owners ver- these sports, unions have been able to sus players, and their effects on col- fend off acceptance of a general cap, lective bargaining. although “luxury taxes” were put into effect on baseball team payrolls ex- Basketball ceeding specified amounts, and hockey Like the other sports, basketball now has a salary cap for rookies. went through its “dark ages” for player Labor relations models in the four salaries during the years of owner ap- sports have certain commonalities. plication of the reserve clause. Play- Since 1967, when the initial team ers are drafted by National Basketball sports collective bargaining agreement Association (NBA) teams that have an was reached in basketball, owners and exclusive right to sign the player they players have experimented with ways select.