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Thomas Edison Vs Nikola Tesla THOMAS EDISON VS NIKOLA TESLA
M C SCIENTIFIC RIVALRIES PHERSON AND SCANDALS In the early 1880s, only a few wealthy people had electric lighting in their homes. Everyone else had to use more dangerous lighting, such as gas lamps. Eager companies wanted to be the first to supply electricity to more Americans. The early providers would set the standards—and reap great profits. Inventor THOMAS EDISON already had a leading role in the industry: he had in- vented the fi rst reliable electrical lightbulb. By 1882 his Edison Electric Light Company was distributing electricity using a system called direct current, or DC. But an inventor named NIKOLA TESLA challenged Edison. Tesla believed that an alternating cur- CURRENTS THE OF rent—or AC—system would be better. With an AC system, one power station could deliver electricity across many miles, compared to only about one mile for DC. Each inventor had his backers. Business tycoon George Westinghouse put his money behind Tesla and built AC power stations. Meanwhile, Edison and his DC backers said that AC could easily electrocute people. Edison believed this risk would sway public opinion toward DC power. The battle over which system would become standard became known as the War of the Currents. This book tells the story of that war and the ways in which both kinds of electric power changed the world. READ ABOUT ALL OF THE OF THE SCIENTIFIC RIVALRIES AND SCANDALS BATTLE OF THE DINOSAUR BONES: Othniel Charles Marsh vs Edward Drinker Cope DECODING OUR DNA: Craig Venter vs the Human Genome Project CURRENTS THE RACE TO DISCOVER THE -
1908 Journal
1 SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES. Monday, October 12, 1908. The court met pursuant to law. Present: The Chief Justice, Mr. Justice Harlan, Mr. Justice Brewer, Mr. Justice White, Mr. Justice Peckham, Mr. Justice McKenna, Mr. Justice Holmes, Mr. Justice Day and Mr. Justice Moody. James A. Fowler of Knoxville, Tenn., Ethel M. Colford of Wash- ington, D. C., Florence A. Colford of Washington, D. C, Charles R. Hemenway of Honolulu, Hawaii, William S. Montgomery of Xew York City, Amos Van Etten of Kingston, N. Y., Robert H. Thompson of Jackson, Miss., William J. Danford of Los Angeles, Cal., Webster Ballinger of Washington, D. C., Oscar A. Trippet of Los Angeles, Cal., John A. Van Arsdale of Buffalo, N. Y., James J. Barbour of Chicago, 111., John Maxey Zane of Chicago, 111., Theodore F. Horstman of Cincinnati, Ohio, Thomas B. Jones of New York City, John W. Brady of Austin, Tex., W. A. Kincaid of Manila, P. I., George H. Whipple of San Francisco, Cal., Charles W. Stapleton of Mew York City, Horace N. Hawkins of Denver, Colo., and William L. Houston of Washington, D. C, were admitted to practice. The Chief Justice announced that all motions noticed for to-day would be heard to-morrow, and that the court would then commence the call of the docket, pursuant to the twenty-sixth rule. Adjourned until to-morrow at 12 o'clock. The day call for Tuesday, October 13, will be as follows: Nos. 92, 209 (and 210), 198, 206, 248 (and 249 and 250), 270 (and 271, 272, 273, 274 and 275), 182, 238 (and 239 and 240), 286 (and 287, 288, 289, 290, 291 and 292) and 167. -
Chronicles of Mechanical Engineering in the United States
From the time it was organized in 1880, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers recorded aspects of the history of the mechanical engineering profession and the careers of some of its notable practitioners. The Society’s CHRONICLES OF historical efforts were formalized in 1971 with the creation of a History and Heritage Committee. This volume commemorates the fiftieth anniversary of the formation of that committee and collects, in a single place, many of the historical contributions published over the past fifty years in ASME’s flagship journal Mechanical Engineering. In preparation for the United States’ bicentennial year, and later the Society’s centennial, the editors of Mechanical Engineering contracted with engineer-historian Fritz Hirschfeld for a long series of articles about the county’s early mechanical engineering heritage and the lives of notable mechanical engineers, particularly those associated with ASME’s founding. Hirschfeld’s articles form the foundation of this volume. To supplement Hirschfeld’s work, the editors have added numerous other historical articles published in Mechanical Engineering. The engineering innovations described by these articles have been enormously important to the development of modern technological society, and the stories behind their development should be of interest to engineers interested in the history of their profession, as well as anyone interested in American Downloaded from http://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/ebooks/book/chapter-pdf/6715821/356056_fm.pdf by guest on 05 August 2021 history. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CHRONICLES OF MECHANICA L ENGINEERING IN THE UNITED STATES Two Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 www.asme.org EDITED BY: THOMAS H. FEHRING, P.E. -
1. Tradition Why Do the Church Bells Ring at Noon?
1. Tradition Why do the church bells ring at noon? a) It is a call for everybody to be on time for lunch b) In the Orthodox Church the service at noon is the most important c) The bells ring at noon as a sign of joy in memory of the victory over the Ottomans d) The first Orthodox church bell in Serbia was heard at noon and this tradition is being kept up 2. Inventions Who invented the neon lamp? a) Mihajlo Pupin b) Nikola Tesla c) Thomas Edison d) George Westinghouse 3. Tradition When do Serbians and Montenegrins celebrate Christmas? a) January 7th b) December 24th c) January 1st d) January 13th 4. Language Why Montenegro is called “Montenegro”? a) It is the country of the pitch black gorges b) Here, the Romans let only African slaves fight each other c) Many wars had left many widows, whose black clothing gave the country its name d) Because there is so many olive trees 5. Food and Drink What is Sljivovica made of? a) Plums b) Grapes c) Figs d) Peaches 6. Religion How do Serbians and Montenegrins make the sign of the cross? a) With three fingers b) With the palm c) With the index finger d) With index finger and thumb 1 Die Leuchtbox ein Projekt der Stadt Passau Organisation und Durchführung ICUnet.AG , Copyright © 2003-2006 7. Cities What is the capital of Montenegro? a) Cetinje b) Niksic c) Kotor d) Podgorica 8. Geography How many kilometers long is the Danube in Serbia? a) 588 km b) 5088 km c) 58 km d) 388 km 9. -
The Curious Case of U.S. Letters Patent No. 223,898
CHAPTER 5 The Curious Case of U.S. Letters Patent No. 223,898 I have not failed. I’ve just found ten thousand ways that don’t work. —Thomas Edison ho invented the light bulb? This was the topic at hand. Technically, the litigation Wwas between the Edison Electric Light Company and the Mount Morris Electric Light Company, but everyone knew that these were subsidiaries and legal proxies for their parent companies. Even the attorneys litigating this $1 billion case called it simply Edison v. Westinghouse. The issue before them: U.S. Letters Patent No. 223,898, granted to Thomas Edison on January 27, 1880, which described the invention of an “incandescent electric lamp.” Quickly nicknamed the Light Bulb Patent by the press, it was without question the most valuable patent ever granted in the history of the United States. And George Westinghouse was accused of infringing on it. Yet, as Paul Cravath pointed out to his client George Westinghouse, even a problem so simply put might yet admit to many layers of unraveling. In fact, the question hinged on one’s precise definition of the terms involved—“who,” “in- vented,” “the,” and, most importantly, “light bulb.” The first electric lamps had actually been invented almost a cen- tury before, Paul had learned when he’d first begun to research the case. Sir Humphry Davy had publicly demonstrated early “arc lights” in 1809. By attaching a battery to two charcoal sticks, he’d caused a U-shaped thread of electricity to “arc” across the gap between the sticks. The explosion of light was blindingly bright; perfect for light- ing dark outdoor areas, if it could be tamed into safety and reliability. -
Increasing Technology at the Turn of the 20Th Century
Name:______________________________________________ Date:_______________ Class:____________ Short Quiz / Exit Slip: Increasing Technology at the Turn of the 20th Century Part A: Multiple Choice: Instructions: Choose the option that answers the question or completes the sentence. 1. Who helped pioneer the efforts to use electricity in cities with Thomas Edison? a. Samuel Morse b. Andrew Carnegie c. George Westinghouse d. Alexander Graham Bell 2. Who invented the telegraph? a. Thomas Edison b. Albert Einstein c. George Westinghouse d. Samuel Morse 3. What was the significance of the Bessemer Process? a. It led to the creation of the light bulb. b. It allowed voices to be carried over wires, not just beeping signals. c. It led to the ability to record sound on records. d. It led to the building of skyscrapers. 4. In what state did the Wright Brothers conduct the first flight? a. North Carolina b. Maine c. Maryland d. Ohio 5. Who invented the telephone? a. Alexander Graham Bell b. Samuel Morse c. Orville Wright d. None of the above Part B: Short Answer: Instructions: Answer the question below. 1. Which invention do you think had the most impact on American society, the light bulb, the telephone, or the airplane? Explain. ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ -
Ambrose Swasey 1846-1937
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS VOLUME XXII FIRST MEMOIR BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIR OF AMBROSE SWASEY 1846-1937 BY DAYTON C. MTLLER PRESENTED TO THE ACADEMY AT THE ANNUAL MEETING, 1940 AMBROSE SWASEY 1846-1937 BY DAYTON C. MILLER Ambrose Swasey, engineer, scientist, philanthropist, was born in Exeter, New Hampshire, on December 19, 1846; he died at the old homestead on the farm where he was born on June 15, 1937, aged 90 years and 6 months. A group of pioneers, four hundred in number, including four non-conformist clergymen, came from old England to New England in the spring of 1629. John Swasey, founder of the Swasey family in America, and his two sons, Joseph and John, Jr., presumably were members of this group and they settled in Salem, Massachusetts.1 The Governor of Salem, John Endecott, in this time of religious intolerance, showed great bigotry and harshness and expelled all Baptists, Episcopalians, and Quakers. John Swasey, being of the latter faith, was obliged to leave, about 1650, going to Satauket and later to Southold on Long Island. Joseph Swasey (second generation) the eldest son of John Swasey, remained in Salem and followed the humble oc- cupation of fisherman. Joseph was one of the charter members of the first church organized in Salem, in 1629, this being the first Congregational Church in America. This Joseph Swasey had a son named Joseph (third generation) born in 1653 in Salem. The further line of descent is: Joseph, born in 1685, in Salem; Ebenezer, born in 1727, in Old Newbury, Massachusetts; Ebenezer, born in 1758, in Old Newbury; Nathaniel, born in 1800, in Exeter, New Hampshire. -
Pdf/130/10/32/6383558/Me-2008-Oct3.Pdf by Guest on 27 September 2021 He Case Can Be Made That by the Late Nessed in 1895 Using Westinghouse Alternating Current
Downloaded from http://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/memagazineselect/article-pdf/130/10/32/6383558/me-2008-oct3.pdf by guest on 27 September 2021 he case can be made that by the late nessed in 1895 using Westinghouse alternating current. 1800s George Westinghouse was Amer Trains were longer, heavier, and faster, and yet much, ica's greatest living engineer. He had 361 much safer w ith Westinghouse air brakes. Natural gas patents issued to him during his lifetime. had been discovered in 1878 in Murrysville, Pa., and the Downloaded from http://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/memagazineselect/article-pdf/130/10/32/6383558/me-2008-oct3.pdf by guest on 27 September 2021 Hundreds more patents bore the names early patents of George Westinghouse helped to rapidly of engineers who worked for him. develop it into a new clean-burning fuel. Ship propul Beginning with the railroad air brake, sion had gained a great leap forward with the Westing Westinghouse's inventiveness formed the basis of a com house geared steam turbine engine. mercial empire. George Westinghouse believed that his engineers de He surrounded himself w ith good people, including oth served the credit for their hard work and successes. If a er great engineers of the time-Benjamin Lamme, Oli Westinghouse engineer developed a new product, it was ver Shallenberger, Charles Scott, William Stanley, Lewis the inventor's name, not the boss's, that went on the pat- Stillwell, and Albert Schmid. ent. N ew products from the They were loyal to him and Westinghouse companies were got credit for their work. -
Intercultural Reading of the Autobiography of Michael Pupin: Science, Narration, and Nation
Belgrade University College of Philology Greta K. Goetz Intercultural Reading of the Autobiography of Michael Pupin: Science, Narration, and Nation Doctoral Dissertation Belgrade, 2014 Универзитет у Београду Филолошки факултет Грета К. Гец Интеркултурално читање аутобиографије Михајла Пупина: наука, нарација, нација Докторска дисертација Београд, 2014 г. Dr. Aleksandar Jerkov Professor, Belgrade University, College of Philology Exam Committee: Ванредни професор Александар Јерков Редовни професор Радојка Вукчевић Ванредни професор Александра Никчевић-Ватричевић ( : : ) Acknowledgements I would like to thank: My advisor, Dr. Aleksandar Jerkov, who proposed the title of this dissertation, noting my having come from Columbia University in America to Serbia—somewhat of an inverse parallel to the path taken by Pupin over a century ago. The Library of Congress, specifically to Abby Yochelson, Reference Specialist, Humanities & Social Sciences Division, who went out of her way to assist me in obtaining literature that I had otherwise been unable to access. Columbia University‘s Rare Books Room, as well as the alumni electronic resources, which were invaluable. The late Dr. Karl Kroeber for his glowing words of praise. He is dearly missed. I hope this dissertation justifies his words and my decision to come to Serbia. Protojerej stavrofor Budimir Zekanović, BBA, for his unselfish support and counsel. Michael Gilleland for directing my attention to certain classical texts. Dr. Sandy MacGillivray, for his encouragement and help. Dr. Richard Kernaghan, University of Florida, for his assistance. Special thanks also to: My family; the Mandić family; John Takesian; Lucille and the late Glenn Vessa, and many others. Интеркултурално читање аутобиографије Михајла Пупина: наука, нарација, нација Ова докторска дисертација истражује интеркултуралне аспекте аутобиографије Михајла Пупина, Од пашњака до научењака, која описује Пупинов рад као научника и његов пут од Србије до Америке. -
Appendices Due to Concerns Over the Quality of the Data Collected
APPENDIX A WSU 2014-19 STRATEGIC PLAN Appendix A: WSU Strategic Plan 2014-15 Strategic Plan 2014-2019 President Elson S. Floyd, Ph.D. Strategic Plan 2014-2019 Introduction The 2014-19 strategic plan builds on the previous five-year plan, recognizing the core values and broad mission of Washington State University. Goals and strategies were developed to achieve significant progress toward WSU’s aspiration of becoming one of the nation’s leading land-grant universities, preeminent in research and discovery, teaching, and engagement. The plan emphasizes the institution’s unique role as an accessible, approachable research institution that provides opportunities to an especially broad array of students while serving Washington state’s broad portfolio of social and economic needs. While providing exceptional leadership in traditional land-grant disciplines, Washington State University adds value as an integrative partner for problem solving due to its innovative focus on applications and its breadth of program excellence. The plan explicitly recognizes the dramatic changes in public funding that have occurred over the duration of the previous strategic plan, along with the need for greater institutional nimbleness, openness, and entrepreneurial activity that diversifies the University’s funding portfolio. In addition, the plan reaffirms WSU’s land-grant mission by focusing greater attention system-wide on increasing access to educational opportunity, responding to the needs of Washington state through research, instruction, and outreach, and contributing to economic development and public policy. While the new plan retains the four key themes of the previous plan, its two central foci include offering a truly transformative educational experience to undergraduate and graduate students and accelerating the development of a preeminent research portfolio. -
Dynamics and Control in Aemes : Rapid Growth
FALL 2001/WINTER 2002 DYNAMICS AND CONTROL IN AEMES : RAPID GROWTH Overview Langley Research Center. His The Department of Aerospace Engineering, Mechanics and Engi- research at NASA Langley fo- neering Science (AeMES) has moved aggressively over the past cused on supersonic laminar few years to develop a nationally recognized research program with flow control and pressure- and broad expertise in dynamical system theory, control theory and ex- temperature-sensitive paint perimental dynamics. The AeMES Dynamics and Control Group is measurement techniques. His comprised of four full time faculty members and over 20 graduate current research interests lie in students. Current research projects consider open questions in active flow and noise control, acoustics, aeroacoustics, aeroelasticity, flow control, robotics, au- particularly the modeling and tomated rapid retargeting, trajectory tracking control, vibration mod- design of piezoelectric actua- eling and suppression, and spacecraft dynamics and control. The tors and the development and projects are supported by a variety of institutions including the implementation of real-time, Office of Naval Research, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, adaptive flow control schemes. the Army Research Office, the NASA Langley Research Center, Eglin He is a member of the AIAA Air Force Base, Boeing Company, Pratt and Whitney Corporation, Aerodynamic Measurement and Lockheed Martin Tactical Aircraft Systems. Technology Technical Commit- The People tee and the AIAA Fluid Dy- Dr. L. Cattafesta namics Sub-Committee on Louis N. Cattafesta is one of the most recent additions to the Flow Control. Figures (1) and (2) depict experimental fluid dynamics AeMES faculty and has become a central figure in the evolution of characterization of oscillations in a cavity. -
Transcript of 801022 Hearing Re Geologic Issues in San Luis Obispo
/ i~ ÃM~~hZ CO~~SSZOH RZGVZATORY /~ gi7 Za M MaW af:. PACIFIC GAS AND ELECTRIC COMPANY (Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant, Units 1 and 2) 10 22 80 PAGZS': 462 - j'up San Luis Obis o California MZN2i:6X 400 V'~ Ama, S.R. Hasi -'za~, D. C. ZOOS.4 Ta~ahaaa: (202} 5="4-2 45 8011 080 4Qf 0 463 p2 APPEARANCES: (Continued} On behalf of Pacific Gas and Electric Company: NORTON, Esq. 77 Beale Street in San Francisco, California 94106 cic I 'RUCEOn behalf of Joint Intervenors: VS DAVID FLEISCHAEER, Esq. cii REYNOLDS, Esq. 'OSEPH cia RICHARD HUBBARD, Esq. 4 8 1735 I Street, N. W. cv Washington, D. C. 20006 cv 9 On behalf of the State of California and 10 Governor Brown: LAWRENCE C. LANPHER, Esq'. HERBERT H. BROWN, Esq. cn 12'3 Hill, Christopher, and Phillips 1900 M Street, N. W. Washington, D, C. 20036 15, 16 17 1$ cn 19 ''n 20 l 21 C I ?2'3 24 25, A~EBsoi4 aK~ORi.NQ CCMP4i4Y. li4C L 463A CONTENTS Witnesses: Voir Dire Direct Cross Redirect Recross G. Frazier ) 472 H. Seed ) 4 S. Smith. ) J. B lume ) R. Edwards ) 7 8 N. Newmark ) 432 562 9 J. Knight ) 10 P. Kuo ) 11. R. Rothman ) 12 13 i J. Brune ) 599 G.. Young. )s 608 EXHZBZTS / For Zn Number Zdentification Evidence 17'$ Governor Brown' 19, 471 R-7 4'72 20 '1 R-8 473 475 23 24 25 463B E X H I B I T S (Continued) For In Number Identification Evidence Joint Intervenor's R-10 508 W cv I R-11 525 41 R-12 610 7 R-13 611 8.