Intercultural Reading of the Autobiography of Michael Pupin: Science, Narration, and Nation

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Intercultural Reading of the Autobiography of Michael Pupin: Science, Narration, and Nation Belgrade University College of Philology Greta K. Goetz Intercultural Reading of the Autobiography of Michael Pupin: Science, Narration, and Nation Doctoral Dissertation Belgrade, 2014 Универзитет у Београду Филолошки факултет Грета К. Гец Интеркултурално читање аутобиографије Михајла Пупина: наука, нарација, нација Докторска дисертација Београд, 2014 г. Dr. Aleksandar Jerkov Professor, Belgrade University, College of Philology Exam Committee: Ванредни професор Александар Јерков Редовни професор Радојка Вукчевић Ванредни професор Александра Никчевић-Ватричевић ( : : ) Acknowledgements I would like to thank: My advisor, Dr. Aleksandar Jerkov, who proposed the title of this dissertation, noting my having come from Columbia University in America to Serbia—somewhat of an inverse parallel to the path taken by Pupin over a century ago. The Library of Congress, specifically to Abby Yochelson, Reference Specialist, Humanities & Social Sciences Division, who went out of her way to assist me in obtaining literature that I had otherwise been unable to access. Columbia University‘s Rare Books Room, as well as the alumni electronic resources, which were invaluable. The late Dr. Karl Kroeber for his glowing words of praise. He is dearly missed. I hope this dissertation justifies his words and my decision to come to Serbia. Protojerej stavrofor Budimir Zekanović, BBA, for his unselfish support and counsel. Michael Gilleland for directing my attention to certain classical texts. Dr. Sandy MacGillivray, for his encouragement and help. Dr. Richard Kernaghan, University of Florida, for his assistance. Special thanks also to: My family; the Mandić family; John Takesian; Lucille and the late Glenn Vessa, and many others. Интеркултурално читање аутобиографије Михајла Пупина: наука, нарација, нација Ова докторска дисертација истражује интеркултуралне аспекте аутобиографије Михајла Пупина, Од пашњака до научењака, која описује Пупинов рад као научника и његов пут од Србије до Америке. Аутобиографија нуди романтично-идеалистички системски поглед на свет по којем народна слобода служи 'прогресу', у којем је сваки аспект живота ''креативно коордиран'' кроз песничку визију, и у хармонији је са класичним врлинама. Песничка визија укључује интеркултурални аспект, т.ј., уводи дијалог између разноврсних обичаја или при томе интеркултуралне вредности одређене културе укључују и науку. Ова дисертација истражује паралеле између аутобиографије и теоретске парадигме која тражи уважавање аутентичности наратива о интердисиплинарном и интеркултуралном дијалогу у радовима мислилаца као што су Јохан Готфрид Хердер, Платон, Ерих Ауербах, Езра Паунд, Јулија Кристева, Поул Рикер, Пјер Адот, Ханс-Георг Гадамер и други. Пупин уређује разне културе по симболичној хијерархији која посматра ванматеријалне аспекте те наведене субјекте до њихове духовне вредности и разврстава их према блискости класичним врлинама. Циљ овог система, који може да се опише као инхерентно песнички, а прагматички као научни, јесте да организује субјекте за практично достигнуће већег добра, одакле проистичу и прагматизам и романтични идеализам. То значи да је његова критика идеја, које су биле све важније у његово доба, као што су атомизам и еволуционизам, умерено тако да је тражио оне идејне аспекте који су могли бити практично примењени за 'добро'. На пример, он везује еволуцију са идејом прогреса коју изражава као историјску прилику за прављење идеалне демократије. У Српској књижевности, његов рад може да се пореди са радом Николе Тесле, Јована Цвијића, Милутина Миланковића и Михаила Петровић Аласа, а у Америчкој или са њом везаном књижевности, Томасом Едисоном, Албертом Ајнштајном и Бетрандом Руселом. Аутобиографија може да се чита као алтернатива наративном сцијентизму, која се може наћи и у раду мислилаца као што су: Мартин Хајдегер, Метју Арнолд и Џон Раскин, кроз софистицирани поглед човека и своје културне и технолошке креације. Због Пупиновог интеркултуралног прилаза, његова аутобиографија има следеће аспекте: реторички, философски, политички, научни, културални и интерпретациони или херменеутички. Кључне речи: Пупин, Михајло, интекултуралност, песништво, наука, национални идентитет, романтични идеализам, класика Књижевност, Српска и Америчка књижевност УДК: Intercultural Reading of the Autobiography of Michael Pupin: Science, Narration, and Nation This doctoral dissertation examines the intercultural aspects of Michael Pupin’s autobiography, From Immigrant to Inventor, which concerns his work as a scientist and his journey from Serbia to America. The autobiography outlines a romantic idealist aspiration that national freedom serves a ‘progress’ wherein each aspect of life is creatively coordinated in a poetic vision tempered by classical virtues. The poetic vision involves an intercultural aspect, i.e., the involvement of dialogue among various customs or intellectual precepts of particular societies, including science. The dissertation proposes that parallels may be drawn between the autobiography and theoretical frameworks seeking to maintain the authenticity of the narratives of interdisciplinary intercultural dialogue in the works of thinkers such as Johann Gottfried Herder, Plato, Erich Auerbach, Ezra Pound, Julia Kristeva, Paul Ricoeur, Pierre Hadot, Hans-Georg Gadamer, and others. Pupin orders various cultures according to a symbolic hierarchy that looks beyond the material aspects of given subjects to their spiritual qualities and ranks them in imitation of classical virtues. The purpose of this system, which may be described as pragmatically poetic, is to organize subjects for the practical attainment of a greater good, thence the pragmatism and romantic idealism. This means that his critique of ideas gaining currency in his day, like atomism and evolutionism, was such that he sought from those ideas aspects that could be applied practically to ‘good.’ For example, he connects evolution to the notion of progress, which he expresses as the historical opportunity to create an ideal democracy. In Serbian literature, his work could be compared to that of Nikola Tesla, Jovan Cvijić, Milutin Milanković, and Mihailo Petrović Alas; in American or related literature, Thomas Edison, Albert Einstein, and Bertrand Russell. The autobiography may be read as an alternative narrative of scientism similarly forwarded by thinkers like Martin Heidegger, Matthew Arnold, and John Ruskin, providing a sophisticated alternative view of man and his cultural and technological creations. Because of Pupin’s intercultural approach, his autobiography has the following aspects: rhetorical, mythical, philosophical, political, scientific, cultural, and interpretative or hermeneutical. Key Words: Pupin, Michael, interculturality, poetry, science, national identity, romantic idealism, classical Literature, Serbian and American literature UDK: Table of Contents 1. Introduction 1-17 1.1. Introduction to Pupin‘s views on science, narration, and nation 17-20 1.2.1. Linguistic symbolic systems 20-21 1.2.1.1. Man as a symbol-using animal 22-23 1.2.1.2. Meaning as the result of a terminological context 23-27 1.2.1.3. Symbolic, metaphorical orientation 27-30 1.2.1.4. Symbols: genuine and false 30-31 1.2.1.5. Symbolic hierarchy 31-35 1.2.1.6. The politics of a symbolic hierarchy 36-37 1.2.1.7. Ideals as poetic beliefs 37-41 1.3. Introduction to Pupin‘s autobiography 41-59 1.4. Criticism of From Immigrant to Inventor 59-65 2. Topical Crossroads: The Periodical and Dissemination 66-70 2.1. The popularization and idealization of science through the periodical 70-84 3. Literature and Science: Convergences and Divergences 85-93 3.1. Scientific ideals and poetic narrative 93-109 3.1.1. Likely fables: noein vs. empiricism 110-120 3.1.2. Analogy and allegory as guidelines 120-123 3.1.3. Divine aside 124-125 3.1.4. The learned/experienced are more likely to make metaphors 125-129 3.1.5. A selection of Romantic Victorian narrative in poetic science 130-136 3.1.6. Further fault of science seen by writers, and a labyrinthine aside 136-146 3.1.7. Poetic prophets on changing scientific views 146-153 3.1.8. Conclusion 153-158 4. 19th Century Views and Classical Counterpoints 159-162 4.1. Atomism and molecular evolution 162-178 4.2. A mountainous aside 178-183 4.3. Pupin‘s take on the materialist quandary 184-191 4.4. Pupin‘s literary system 191-199 4.5. Summary of classical virtues: ethics, humility, virtue, universal values 199-205 5. Myths: True and False 205-208 5.1. A return to romantic ideals 208-211 5.2. Serbia and Goethe: Romanticism and science 211-226 5.3. Myths vs. Pupin‘s interculturalism 226-232 5.3.1. The prince, goose, and the matriarch 232-237 5.3.2. A few stories of self by scientists from America and Serbia 238-249 5.3.3. Agents who sold the American dream 249-251 5.3.4. Rags to riches: play the game so we can all be Americans now 251-260 5.3.5. We‘re all Americans now 260-261 5.3.6. Imported thought and the question of a nation 261-264 5.3.7. Myth vs. mystery 264-268 5.3.8. The myth of iconoclasm and poetic ramifications 268-274 5.4. Myths of the scientific revolution 274-276 5.4.1. Scientific seality in myth 277-281 6. Pupin’s Poetry for the Future 282-289 7. Conclusion 289-294 8. Bibliography 295-327 9. Author’s Biography 328 1. Introduction Reading Michael Pupin's From Immigrant to Inventor presents an inspired narrative about interculturality and science that could be readdressed to useful effect in the contemporary world particularly in terms of the present difficulties that Pupin along with other Victorian
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