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E-BOOK No Part of This Publication May Be Reproduced Stored In a Retrieval System Or Transmitted, In Any Form of By Any Means Electronic, Mechanical, Photocopying, Digital, Recording or Otherwise, Without the Prior Permission Of The Publishers. In spite Of All The Efforts, Some Errors Might Have Crept In . We Do Not Take Any Legal Responsibility for Such Errors and Omissions. If You Bring Them To Our Notice, We Shall Correct In Our Next Editions. Copyright (c) 2019 ANR TUTORIAL ALL RIGHTS RESERVED This product is protected by copy right and distributed under licenses restricting Copying, distribution and recompilation. POLITY IMPORTANT ARTICLES IN INDIAN CONSTITUTION Article Deals with 1 Name and Territory of Union 3 New States Formation, Alteration of Boundaries etc. 13 Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the Fundamental Rights 14 Equality before Law (popularly known as Right to Equality) 15 Prohibition of Discrimination (on basis of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth) 16 Equality in case of Public Employment 17 Abolition of Untouchability 18 Abolition of Titles 19 Protection of Certain Rights to Freedom (popularly known as Right to Freedom) 19a Freedom of Speech & Expression 19b Right to Peaceful Assembly 19c Freedom of Association 19d Right to Move Freely through India 19e Freedom of Settlement & Residence 19f (Omitted as a fundamental right – governed by article 300A.) Right to Own Personal Property. 19g Freedom to Practice any Profession, Occupation, Trade or Business 21 Right to Life and Personal Liberty 21A Right to Education 23 Prohibition of Human Trafficking and Forced Labor 24 Prohibition of Child Labor 25 Freedom to Practice& Propagate Religion Freely 29 Protection of Interests of Minorities 32 Remedies for enforcement of Fundamental Rights including writs 44 Uniform Civil Code 50 Separation of Judiciary from Executive 51 Promotion of International Peace and Security 51A Fundamental Duties 72 Powers of President to Grant Pardons etc. 76 Attorney-General of India 78 Duties of Prime Minister 85 Sessions of Parliament, Prorogation and Dissolution 93 The Speaker & Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha 100 Voting in Houses 105 Powers, Privileges etc. of Members of Parliament 106 Salaries and Allowances of Members of Parliament 108 Joint Sitting of both Houses of Parliament 109-110 Money Bills 112 Budget 123 President’s Power to Promulgate Ordinance while Parliament in Recess 127 Appointment of ad hoc Judges in the Supreme Court 139 Supreme Court’s Powers to Issue Certain Writs 141 Supreme Court’s Law Binding on All Courts 148-149 Comptroller and Auditor-General of India 155 Appointment of Governor 161 Power of Governors to Grant Pardon etc. 165 Advocate-General for the State 167 Duties of Chief Minister 224 Appointment of Additional & Acting Judges in High Courts 224A Appointment of Retired Judges in High Courts 226 Power of High Courts to issue writs 280 Finance Commission 312 All India Services 324 Election Commission 335 SCs and STs claim to Services and Posts 343 Official Language 352 National Emergency 356 President’s Rule in case of Failure of Constitutional Machinery in States 360 Financial Emergency 368 Power of Parliament to Amend the Constitution 370 Temporary provisions with respect to the state of Jammu and Kashmir 392 Power of the President to remove difficulties SCHEDULES Schedule About Schedule1 State and Union Territories Name and their Boundary details Schedule 2 Special Powers and Salary details of President, Governors of state, Speakers and Deputy speakers of Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha, Supreme court and High Court Judges. Schedule 3 Oath and Promises of All authority except President, and vice president. Schedule 4 Rajya Sabha MP count of state and Union Territories Schedule 5 Scheduled Area and scheduled Tribes Administration and control Law Details Schedule 6 States of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram Tribal areas Administration and control law details Schedule 7 Detailed List about Union and State Government Power and Concurrent List Schedule 8 Official Languages Schedule 9 Validation of certain Acts and Regulations. Schedule 10 Details about Party changes and disqualification of MP/MLA Schedule 11 Responsibilities and Powers of Panchayat Schedule 12 Responsibilities and Powers of Municipalities FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS Fundamental Rights are the basic rights of the common people and inalienable rights of the people who enjoy it under the charter of rights contained in Part III (Article 12 to 35) of Constitution of India. It guarantees civil liberties such that all Indians can lead their lives in peace and harmony as citizen of Indian. There are six Fundamental Rights they are, 1. Right to Equality (Article 14 – 18) 2. Right to Freedom (Article 19 – 22) 3. Right against Exploitation (Article 23- 24) 4. Right to Freedom of Religion (Article 25- 28) 5. Cultural and Educational Rights (Article 29- 31) 6. Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 21- 35) Fundamental Rights Article Details Right to Equality Article Equality before law (Article 14 - 18) 14 Article Social equality and equal access to public areas 15 Article Equality in matters of public employment 16 Article Abolition of untouchability (The Untouchability Offences Act of 1955 17 (renamed to Protection of Civil Rights Act in 1976)) Article Abolition of Titles (The awards of Bharat Ratna and Padma 18 Vibhushan cannot be used by the recipient as a title The Supreme Court, on 15 December 1995, upheld the validity of such awards.) Right to Freedom Article Freedom of speech and expression (Right to Information has been (Article 19 - 22) 19 (A) given the status of a fundamental right under Article 19(1) of the Constitution in 2005. Article 19 (1) under which every citizen has freedom of speech and expression and have the right to know how the government works) Article Freedom to assemble peacefully without arms 19 (B) Article Freedom to form associations or unions or co-operative societies 19 (C) Article Freedom to move freely throughout the territory of India 19 (D) Article Freedom to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India 19 (E) Article Freedom to practice any profession or to carry on any occupation, 19 (F) trade or business Article Protection from conviction for offences in certain respects 20 Article Prevents the encroachment of life or personal liberty (In 1978, the 21 Supreme Court in the case of Menaka Gandhi v. Union of India extended the protection of Article 21 to legislative action) Supreme Court "Right to Privacy is an integral part of Right to Life and Personal Liberty guaranteed in Article 21 of the Constitution" Article Education to all children of the age of six to fourteen years ( In 2002, 21A through the 86th Amendment Act, Article 21(A) was incorporated after 6 years union cabinet cleared the Right to Education Bill in 2008 ) Article Provides specific rights to arrested and detained persons (in particular 22 the rights to be informed of the grounds of arrest, consult a lawyer of one's own choice, be produced before a magistrate within 24 hours of the arrest) Right against Article Prohibits human trafficking and forced Labor (The Bonded Labor Exploitation (Article 23 system (Abolition) Act, 1976, has been enacted by Parliament to give 23- 24) effect to this Article) Article Prohibits the employment of children below the age of 14 years 24 (Parliament has enacted the Child Labor (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986) Right to Freedom of Article Provides all persons the freedom of conscience and the right to Religion (Article 25- 25 preach, practice and propagate any religion of their choice. (The right 28) to propagate, however, does not include the right to convert another individual) Article Provides all religious denominations 26 Article Provides that no person can be compelled to pay taxes for the 27 promotion of any particular religion or religious institution Article Prohibits religious instruction in a wholly State-funded educational 28 institution, and educational institutions receiving aid from the State. Cultural and Article Provides any section of citizens having a distinct language, script Educational Rights 29 culture of its own, and the right to conserve and develop the same. Rights (Article 29- 31) Article Right to set up and administer educational institutions of their choice 30 in order to preserve and develop their own culture Article The Constitution Forty Fourth Amendment Act 1978 has omitted 31 Right to Property. Article 31(1) has been shifted to article 300A as a new insertion in Chapter IV in part XII of the constitution. The shifting of Article 31(1) and omitting Article 31 signify that fundamental right to property is abolished Right to Article Guaranteed remedy, in the form of a Fundamental Right itself, for Constitutional 32 enforcement of all the other Fundamental Rights, and the Supreme Remedies (Article Court is designated as the protector of these rights by the Constitution. 32- 35) (writs are: habeas corpus, mandamus, Prohibition, quo warranto, certiorari) (Dr. B. R. Ambedkar rightly declared Right to constitutional remedies as "the heart and soul" of Indian constitution) Article Power of Parliament to modify the rights conferred by this Part 33 Article Restriction on rights conferred by this Part while martial law is in 34 force in any area Article Legislation to give effect to the provisions of this Part (In this article, 35 the expression “law in force” has the same meaning as in article 372.) OFFICIAL LANGUAGES SL NO STATES Official Languages Additional Official