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POLITY

IMPORTANT ARTICLES IN INDIAN CONSTITUTION

Article Deals with 1 Name and Territory of Union 3 New States Formation, Alteration of Boundaries etc. 13 Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the Fundamental Rights 14 Equality before Law (popularly known as Right to Equality) 15 Prohibition of Discrimination (on basis of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth) 16 Equality in case of Public Employment 17 Abolition of Untouchability 18 Abolition of Titles 19 Protection of Certain Rights to Freedom (popularly known as Right to Freedom) 19a Freedom of Speech & Expression 19b Right to Peaceful Assembly 19c Freedom of Association 19d Right to Move Freely through 19e Freedom of Settlement & Residence 19f (Omitted as a fundamental right – governed by article 300A.) Right to Own Personal Property. 19g Freedom to Practice any Profession, Occupation, Trade or Business 21 Right to Life and Personal Liberty 21A Right to Education 23 Prohibition of Human Trafficking and Forced Labor 24 Prohibition of Child Labor 25 Freedom to Practice& Propagate Religion Freely 29 Protection of Interests of Minorities 32 Remedies for enforcement of Fundamental Rights including writs 44 Uniform Civil Code 50 Separation of Judiciary from Executive

51 Promotion of International Peace and Security 51A Fundamental Duties 72 Powers of President to Grant Pardons etc. 76 Attorney-General of India 78 Duties of Prime Minister 85 Sessions of Parliament, Prorogation and Dissolution 93 The Speaker & Deputy Speaker of 100 Voting in Houses 105 Powers, Privileges etc. of Members of Parliament 106 Salaries and Allowances of Members of Parliament 108 Joint Sitting of both Houses of Parliament 109-110 Money Bills 112 Budget 123 President’s Power to Promulgate Ordinance while Parliament in Recess 127 Appointment of ad hoc Judges in the Supreme Court 139 Supreme Court’s Powers to Issue Certain Writs 141 Supreme Court’s Law Binding on All Courts 148-149 Comptroller and Auditor-General of India 155 Appointment of Governor 161 Power of Governors to Grant Pardon etc. 165 Advocate-General for the State 167 Duties of Chief Minister 224 Appointment of Additional & Acting Judges in High Courts 224A Appointment of Retired Judges in High Courts 226 Power of High Courts to issue writs 280 Finance Commission 312 All India Services 324 Election Commission 335 SCs and STs claim to Services and Posts 343 Official Language

352 National Emergency 356 President’s Rule in case of Failure of Constitutional Machinery in States 360 Financial Emergency 368 Power of Parliament to Amend the Constitution 370 Temporary provisions with respect to the state of Jammu and Kashmir 392 Power of the President to remove difficulties

SCHEDULES

Schedule About Schedule1 State and Union Territories Name and their Boundary details Schedule 2 Special Powers and Salary details of President, Governors of state, Speakers and Deputy speakers of and Lok Sabha, Supreme court and High Court Judges. Schedule 3 Oath and Promises of All authority except President, and vice president. Schedule 4 Rajya Sabha MP count of state and Union Territories Schedule 5 Scheduled Area and scheduled Tribes Administration and control Law Details Schedule 6 States of , Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram Tribal areas Administration and control law details Schedule 7 Detailed List about Union and State Government Power and Concurrent List Schedule 8 Official Languages Schedule 9 Validation of certain Acts and Regulations. Schedule 10 Details about Party changes and disqualification of MP/MLA Schedule 11 Responsibilities and Powers of Panchayat Schedule 12 Responsibilities and Powers of Municipalities

FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS

Fundamental Rights are the basic rights of the common people and inalienable rights of the people who enjoy it under the charter of rights contained in Part III (Article 12 to 35) of Constitution of India. It guarantees civil liberties such that all Indians can lead their lives in peace and harmony as citizen of Indian. There are six Fundamental Rights they are,

1. Right to Equality (Article 14 – 18) 2. Right to Freedom (Article 19 – 22) 3. Right against Exploitation (Article 23- 24) 4. Right to Freedom of Religion (Article 25- 28) 5. Cultural and Educational Rights (Article 29- 31) 6. Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 21- 35)

Fundamental Rights Article Details Right to Equality Article Equality before law (Article 14 - 18) 14

Article Social equality and equal access to public areas 15

Article Equality in matters of public employment 16

Article Abolition of untouchability (The Untouchability Offences Act of 1955 17 (renamed to Protection of Civil Rights Act in 1976))

Article Abolition of Titles (The awards of Bharat Ratna and Padma 18 Vibhushan cannot be used by the recipient as a title The Supreme Court, on 15 December 1995, upheld the validity of such awards.) Right to Freedom Article Freedom of speech and expression (Right to Information has been (Article 19 - 22) 19 (A) given the status of a fundamental right under Article 19(1) of the Constitution in 2005. Article 19 (1) under which every citizen has freedom of speech and expression and have the right to know how the government works)

Article Freedom to assemble peacefully without arms 19 (B)

Article Freedom to form associations or unions or co-operative societies 19 (C)

Article Freedom to move freely throughout the territory of India 19 (D)

Article Freedom to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India 19 (E)

Article Freedom to practice any profession or to carry on any occupation, 19 (F) trade or business

Article Protection from conviction for offences in certain respects 20

Article Prevents the encroachment of life or personal liberty (In 1978, the 21 Supreme Court in the case of Menaka Gandhi v. Union of India extended the protection of Article 21 to legislative action) Supreme Court "Right to Privacy is an integral part of Right to Life and Personal Liberty guaranteed in Article 21 of the Constitution"

Article Education to all children of the age of six to fourteen years ( In 2002, 21A through the 86th Amendment Act, Article 21(A) was incorporated after 6 years union cabinet cleared the Right to Education Bill in 2008 )

Article Provides specific rights to arrested and detained persons (in particular 22 the rights to be informed of the grounds of arrest, consult a lawyer of one's own choice, be produced before a magistrate within 24 hours of the arrest) Right against Article Prohibits human trafficking and forced Labor (The Bonded Labor Exploitation (Article 23 system (Abolition) Act, 1976, has been enacted by Parliament to give 23- 24) effect to this Article)

Article Prohibits the employment of children below the age of 14 years 24 (Parliament has enacted the Child Labor (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986)

Right to Freedom of Article Provides all persons the freedom of conscience and the right to Religion (Article 25- 25 preach, practice and propagate any religion of their choice. (The right 28) to propagate, however, does not include the right to convert another individual)

Article Provides all religious denominations 26

Article Provides that no person can be compelled to pay taxes for the 27 promotion of any particular religion or religious institution

Article Prohibits religious instruction in a wholly State-funded educational 28 institution, and educational institutions receiving aid from the State. Cultural and Article Provides any section of citizens having a distinct language, script Educational Rights 29 culture of its own, and the right to conserve and develop the same. Rights (Article 29- 31)

Article Right to set up and administer educational institutions of their choice 30 in order to preserve and develop their own culture

Article The Constitution Forty Fourth Amendment Act 1978 has omitted 31 Right to Property. Article 31(1) has been shifted to article 300A as a new insertion in Chapter IV in part XII of the constitution. The shifting of Article 31(1) and omitting Article 31 signify that fundamental right to property is abolished Right to Article Guaranteed remedy, in the form of a Fundamental Right itself, for Constitutional 32 enforcement of all the other Fundamental Rights, and the Supreme Remedies (Article Court is designated as the protector of these rights by the Constitution. 32- 35) (writs are: habeas corpus, mandamus, Prohibition, quo warranto, certiorari) (Dr. B. R. Ambedkar rightly declared Right to constitutional remedies as "the heart and soul" of Indian constitution)

Article Power of Parliament to modify the rights conferred by this Part 33

Article Restriction on rights conferred by this Part while martial law is in 34 force in any area

Article Legislation to give effect to the provisions of this Part (In this article, 35 the expression “law in force” has the same meaning as in article 372.)

OFFICIAL LANGUAGES

SL NO STATES Official Languages Additional Official Languages 1 Telugu Urdu

2 Arunachal Pradesh English

3 Assam Assamese 4 Hindi Urdu

5 Hindi 6 Goa Konkani Marathi

7 Gujarat Gujarati

8 Haryana Hindi 9 Himachal Pradesh Hindi English

10 Jammu and Kashmir Urdu 11 Jharkhand Hindi Urdu

12 Karnataka Kannada

13 Kerala Malayalam

14 Hindi

15 Maharashtra Marathi 16 Manipur Manipuri English 17 Meghalaya English Khasi

18 Mizoram Mizo, English, Hindi

19 Nagaland English

20 Odisha Odia

21 Punjab Punjabi (in Gurumukhi Script) 22 Hindi English

23 Sikkim English 24 Tamil English

25 Telangana Telugu and Urdu

26 Tripura Bengali, Kokborok and English 27 Hindi Urdu

28 Uttarakhand Hindi 29 West Bengal Bengali Hindi, Urdu, Santhali, Oriya and Punjabi, Nepali

SL Union Territory Official Other officially recognized NO Languages languages

1 Andaman and Nicobar English, Hindi Islands 2 Chandigarh English Punjabi and Hindi 3 Dadra and Nagar Haveli Hindi and Gujarati Marathi

4 Daman and Diu Konkani and Gujarati 5 Delhi Hindi Punjabi, Urdu 6 Lakshadweep English Hindi 7 Puducherry Tamil, English Malayalam and Telugu

BORROWED FEATURES – COUNTRY

Country Provisions Borrowed

Government of India Act, 1935 o Federal scheme o Power to declare of emergency o Defining the power of the president and Government

o Defining the powers of the Governor o Defining the powers of federal judiciary o Defining the power of centre and state level administration

United Kingdom o Parliamentary working o Prime minister (Elections) o Council of minister (Elections and working) o Citizenship o Defining the powers CAG o Writ jurisdiction of courts

USA o Written constitution o Fundamental rights o Supreme Court o Vice president as chairman of Rajya sabha o Judicial review, Independence of judiciary

Australia o Centre state relationship o Concurrent list o Cooperative federalism o Joint sitting of two houses of parliament

USSR o Fundamental duties (11 duties)

Weimer Constitution of Germany o Suspension of Fundamental rights during emergency o Ballot system

Canada o Federal system o Appointment of Governor o Advisory jurisdiction of S.C

South Africa o Procedure of constitutional amendment o Electing member of Rajya Sabha

Ireland o Concept of directive Principles of State Policy o Nomination of members to Rajya sabha by the President o Presidential election.

NATIONAL SYMBOLS

S. No Category Symbol 1 National Flag of India Horizontal rectangular tricolor of India saffron, white and India green; with the Ashoka Chakra, a 24-spoke wheel, in navy blue at its center 2 State Emblem of India An adaptation from the Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka 3 National Anthem of India “Jana Gana Mana” 4 National Song of India “Vande Mataram”

5 National Pledge 6 National Currency Indian Rupee 7 National Calendar of India Calendar based on Saka Era 8 National Animal of India Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) 9 National River of India River Ganga 10 National Heritage Animal of Indian Elephant (Elephas maximus indicus) India 11 National Aquatic Animal of Gangetic Dolphin (Platanista gangetica) India 12 National Bird of India Indian peacock (Pavo cristatus) 13 National Tree of India Indian banyan (Ficus bengalensis) 14 National Flower of India Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) 15 National Fruit of India Mango (Mangifera indica) 16 National Microbe Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus

OATHS AND RESIGNATIONS

Office Oaths and Resignations The President Oath - Chief Justice of India or in his absence the senior most Judge of Supreme Court. Resignation submitted to - Vice-President Vice-President Oath - President or some person appointed in that behalf by the President. Resignation submitted to – President Prime Minister Oath - President Resignation submitted to – President Lok Sabha Speaker Oath - President Resignation submitted to - Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha Oath - President Resignation submitted to - Lok Sabha Speaker Chief Election Commissioner Oath - President Resignation submitted to – President Attorney General Oath - President Resignation submitted to – President Comptroller and Auditor General Oath - President or some person appointed in that behalf by the President. Resignation submitted to – President Solicitor-General Oath - President Resignation submitted to – President Chairman, Public Service Oath - President Commission Resignation submitted to – President

Chairman, Planning Commission Oath - President Resignation submitted to – President Members, Planning Commission Oath - Prime Minister Resignation submitted to - Prime Minister Governor, RBI Oath - President Resignation submitted to – President Chief Minister Oath - Governor Resignation submitted to – Governor Chief Justice of High Court Oath - Governor Resignation submitted to – President Other Judges of High Court Oath - Governor Resignation submitted to – President Advocate General Oath - Governor Resignation submitted to – Governor Accountant General Oath - Governor Resignation submitted to – Governor Chairman, State Public Service Oath - Governor Commission Resignation submitted to – Governor Members, State Public Service Oath - Governor Commission Resignation submitted to – Governor

AGES AND TENURE

Office Min Age Max Age Tenure Additional Info Holder

President of 35 No such 5 years Monthly India Maximum Salary - age limit Rs.1,50,000

Vice President 35 No such 6 years The Vice President of Maximum India is the ex-officio age limit chairperson of Rajya Sabha. He gets asalary of Rs. 1,25,000 per month as chairman of Rajya Sabha not as a VicePresident Chief No 65 No fixed Chief Justice of India JusticeofIndia Minimum tenure but shall be appointed by age limit remains the President and is inthe office eligible to a monthly up to ageof salary of Rs. 90,000. 65years Other Judges No 65 No fixed The Supreme Court of Minimum tenure but Judges are appointed SupremeCourt age limit remains by the President inthe office up to ageof 65years Attorney No 65 No fixed Attorney General of General Minimum tenure India is appointed by ofIndia age limit thePresident Lok Sabha 25 No Maximum 5 years Monthly Salary Rs. Member age limit 50,000 Rajya Sabha 30 No Maximum 6 years Monthly Salary Rs. Member age limit 50,000 Lok Sabha 25 No Maximum 5 years Serves during the life Speaker age limit of Lok Sabha (maximum5 yrs.)

President of 35 No such 5 years Monthly Salary - India Maximum age Rs.1,50,000 limit Vice 35 No such 6 years The Vice President of President Maximum age India is the ex-officio limit chairperson of Rajya Sabha. He gets a salary of Rs. 1,25,000 per month as chairman of Rajya Sabha not as a Vice President Chief Justice No 65 No fixed Chief Justice of India of India Minimum tenure but shall be appointed by age limit remains in the President and is the office up eligible to a monthly to age of 65 salary of Rs. 90,000. years Other Judges No 65 No fixed The Supreme Court of Supreme Minimum tenure but Judges are appointed Court age limit remains in by the President the office up to age of 65 years Attorney No 65 No fixed Attorney General of General of Minimum tenure India is appointed by India age limit the President Lok Sabha 25 No Maximum 5 years Monthly Salary Rs. Member age limit 50,000 Rajya Sabha 30 No Maximum 6 years Monthly Salary Rs. Member age limit 50,000

Lok Sabha 25 No Maximum 5 years Serves during the life Speaker age limit of Lok Sabha (maximum5 yrs.) Lok Sabha 25 No Maximum 5 years He/she can be elected Deputy age limit among the members of Speaker Lok Sabha Governor 35 No Maximum 5 years Monthly Salary – age limit Rs. 1, 10,000. CAG of India No 65 6 years or CAG of India shall be Minimum up to age of appointed by the age limit 65 years President Chief 25 No Maximum 5 years Salary varies as per the Minister age limit state Govt income

MLA 25 No Maximum 5 years The monthly salary for age limit an MLA varies from one state to another state MLC 30 No such 6 years This is also called as Maximum upper house of the age limit state. Chief Justice No 62 No fixed The Chief Judge of High Minimum tenure but Shall be appointed by Courts age limit remains in President of the India the office up in consultation with the to age of 62 State Governor years Other Judges No 62 No fixed The Judge of the High of High Court Minimum tenure but Court shall be age limit remains in Appointed by the

the office up after to age of 62 consultation with the years Chief justice of the High Court Advocate No 62 No Fixed The Advocate General General Minimum tenure of every state shall be age limit appointed by the Governor Member of 21 No Maximum 5 years The member of a Gram Gram age limit Panchayat can be Panchayat elected by the Gram Sabha by Direct elections Chairman No 65 6 years or The Chairman UPSC Minimum up to age of appointed by the age limit 65 years President of India which is earlier Other No 65 6 years or The members of UPSC Members of Minimum up to age of appointed by the UPSC age limit 65 years President of India which is earlier Chief Election No 65 6 years or The CEC of India shall Commissioner Minimum up to age of be appointed by the of India age limit 65 years President which is earlier

WRITS IN INDIAN CONSTITUTION

Sl. No. Writ Derived From Meaning 1. Habeas Corpus Latin You may have the body 2. Mandamus Latin We command 3. Prohibition English To stop/ forbid 4. Quo Warranto Latin By what authority 5. Certiorari Latin To be Certified

NATIONAL POLITICAL PARTIES

Sl. No. Name Abbreviation Foundation year 1. BJP 1980 2. INC 1885 3. Communist Party of India (Marxist) CPI-M 1964 4. Communist Party of India CPI 1925 5. BahujanSamaj Party BSP 1984 6. Nationalist Congress Party NCP 1999 7. All India Trinamool Congress TMC 1998

STATE POLITICAL PARTIES

Sl.No Name Abbreviatio Foundatio States/UT . n n Year 1. AamAadmi Party AAP 2012 Delhi, Punjab 2. All India Anna AIADMK 1972 Puducherry, Tamil DravidaMunnetraKazhagam Nadu 3. All India Forward Bloc AIFB 1939 West Bengal

4. All India Majlis-e- AIMIM 1927 Telangana IttehadulMuslimeen 5. All India N.R. Congress AINRC 2011 Puducherry 6. All India United Democratic Front AIUDF 2004 Assam 7. All Jharkhand Students Union AJSU 1986 Jharkhand 8. Asom Gana Parishad AGP 1985 Assam 9. Biju Janata Dal BJD 1997 Odisha 10. Bodoland People's Front BPF 1985 Assam 11. DesiyaMurpokkuDravidarKazhaga DMDK 2005 Tamil Nadu m 12. DravidaMunnetraKazhagam DMK 1949 Puducherry, Tamil Nadu 13. Haryana Janhit Congress (BL) HJC(BL) 2007 Haryana 14. Hill State People's Democratic HSPDP 1968 Meghalaya Party 15. Indian National Lok Dal INLD 1999 Haryana 16. Indian Union Muslim League IUML 1948 Kerala 17. Jammu & Kashmir National JKNC 1932 Jammu & Conference Kashmir 18. Jammu & Kashmir National JKNPP 1982 Jammu & Panthers Party Kashmir 19. Jammu and Kashmir People's JKPDP 1998 Jammu & Democratic Party Kashmir 20. Janata Dal (Secular) JD(S) 1999 Karnataka, Kerala 21. Janata Dal (United) JD(U) 1999 Bihar 22. Jharkhand MuktiMorcha JMM 1972 Jharkhand 23. Jharkhand VikasMorcha JVM(P) 2006 Jharkhand (Prajatantrik) 24. (M) KC(M) 1979 Kerala 25. Lok Janshakti Party LJP 2000 Bihar

26. Maharashtra NavnirmanSena MNS 2006 Maharashtra 27. MaharashtrawadiGomantak Party MGP 1963 Goa 28. Manipur State Congress Party MSCP 1997 Manipur 29. Mizo National Front MNF 1959 Mizoram 30. Mizoram People's Conference MPC 1972 Mizoram 31. Naga People's Front NPF 2002 Manipur, Nagalan d 32. National People's Party NPP 2013 Meghalaya 33. PattaliMakkalKatchi PMK 1989 Puducherry, Tamil Nadu 34. People's Party of Arunachal PPA 1987 Arunachal Pradesh 35. RJD 1997 Bihar, Jharkhand 36. RLD 1996 Uttar Pradesh 37. Rashtriya Lok Samta Party RLSP 2013 Bihar 38. Revolutionary Socialist Party RSP 1940 Kerala, West Bengal 39. Samajwadi Party SP 1992 Uttar Pradesh 40. Shiromani Akali Dal SAD 1920 Punjab 41. Shiv Sena SS 1966 Maharashtra 42. Sikkim Democratic Front SDF 1993 Sikkim 43. Sikkim KrantikariMorcha SKM 2013 Sikkim 44. Telangana RashtraSamithi TRS 2001 Telangana 45. Telugu Desam Party TDP 1982 Andhra Pradesh, Telangan a 46. United Democratic Party UDP 1972 Meghalaya 47. YSR Congress Party YSRCP 2011 Andhra Pradesh, Telangan a

48. Samajwadi Janata Party SJP 1990 Uttar Pradesh (Rashtriya)

ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA

Election Commission of India 1. Article 324 provides for a single Election Commission for the country. 2. The Election Commission of India is an autonomous, constitutionally established federal authority responsible for administering all the electoral processes in the Republic of India. 3. The Election Commission has the power of superintendence, direction and control of all elections to the and the state legislatures and of elections to the office of the President of India and the Vice-President of India. 4. The Election Commission was a single member body until 1989. 5. The Election Commission now consists of a Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) and two Election Commissioners (EC), appointed by the President of India. 6. The Chief Election Commissioner can be removed from his office by Parliament with two- thirds majority in Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha on the grounds of proven misbehavior or incapacity. 7. Other Election Commissioners can be removed by the President on the recommendation of the Chief Election Commissioner. 8. The Chief Election Commissioner and the two Election Commissioners draw salaries and allowances at par with those of the Judges of the Supreme Court of India. 9. The Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) is appointed for a term of six years or up to the age of 65 years, whichever is earlier. 10. First Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) of India was Sukumar Sen. 11. The Present Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) of India is Sunil Arora. He is 23rd election commissioner.

CONSTITUTIONAL BODIES

Name of the Composition Current Mentioned in Constitutional Body head/chairman Election Commission chief election Sunil Arora Article 324 commissioner and the two other election commissioners Union Public Service Usually, the Arvind Saxena Article-315 to 323 Commission Commission consists of nine to eleven members including the chairman State Public Service Article-315 to 323 Commission Finance Commission Finance Commission Chairman of 15thFC- Article-280 consists of a NK Singh chairperson and four other members to be appointed by the President. National Commission It consists of a Ram Shankar Article-338 for SCs chairperson, Katheria a vice-chairperson and three other members. National Commission It consists of a Nand Kumar Sai Article-338 A for STs chairperson, a vice-chairperson and three other members

Comptroller and CAG is appointed by Rajiv Mehrishi Article-148 Auditor General of the president of India India Attorney General of Highest law officer in K. K. Venugopal Article-76 India India Advocate General of Article-165 the State Special officer for Article-350 B linguistic Minorities

NON-CONSTITUTIONAL BODIES

Name of the Non-constitutional Composition Current body head/chairman National Development Council The NDC is composed of the Prime minister of following members. India 1. Prime minister of India 2. All Union cabinet ministers (since 1967). 3. Chief ministers of all states. 4. Chief ministers/administrators of all union territories. 5. Members of the Planning Commission. National Human Rights It is a multi-member body Justice H.L. Dattu Commission consisting of a chairperson and four members.

State Human Rights Commission It is a multi-member body - consisting of a chairperson and two Members Central Information Commission The Commission consists of a The Commission Chief Information Commissioner consists of a Chief and not more than ten Information Information Commissioner and Commissioners not more than ten Information Commissioners State Information Commission The Commission consists of a - State Chief Information Commissioner and not more than ten State Information Commissioners Central Vigilance Commission CVC is a multi-member body K.V. Chowdary consisting of a Central Vigilance Commissioner (chairperson) and not more than two vigilance commissioners. Central Bureau of Investigation A Director heads the CBI. A Alok Kumar Verma special director or an additional director assists him. Additionally, it has a number of joint directors, deputy inspector generals, superintendents of police and all other usual ranks of police personnel Lokpal Lokpal to consist of a - Chairperson and up to eight

members and not less than 50% of the members to be from SCs, STs, OBCs, minorities and women Lokayukta Varies from state to state -

ARTICLES RELATED TO PRESIDENT

Article Details Article 52 The President of India Article 53 Executive Power of the Union Article 54 Election of President Article 55 Manner of election of President Article 56 Term of office of President Article 57 Eligibility for re-election Article 58 Qualifications for election as President Article 59 Conditions of President's office Article 60 Oath or affirmation by the President Article 61 Procedure for impeachment of the President Article 62 Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of president and the term of office or person elected to fill casual vacancy Article 70 Discharge of President's functions in other contingencies Article 71 Matters relating to, or connected with, the election of a President or Vice- President Article 72 Power of President to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases Article 74 Council of Ministers to aid and advise President Article 75 Other provisions as to Ministers Article 87 Special address by the President Article 123 Power of President to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Parliament

Article 143 Power of President to consult Supreme Court Article 352 National Emergency Article 356 President's rule Article 360 Financial Emergency

LIST OF PRESIDENTS

Sl.No Name Period 1 Mr. (1st) 1952-1962 2 Mr.Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (2nd) 1962-1967 3 Mr. Zakir Hussain (3rd) 1967-1969 4 Mr. Varahagiri Venkata Giri 1969 5 Mr. Mohammad Hidayatulllah 1969 6 Mr. Varahagiri Venkata Giri (4th) 1969-1974 7 Mr. Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed (5th) 1974-1977 8 Mr. Basappa Danappa Jatti 1977 9 Mr. Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy (6th) 1977-1982 10 Mr. Zail Singh (7th) 1982-1987 11 Mr. Ramaswamy Venkataraman (8th) 1987-1992 12 Mr. (9th) 1992-1997 13 Mr. kocheril Raman Narayanan (10th) 1997-2002 14 Mr. Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul kalam (11th) 2002-2007 15 Mrs. Pratibha Patil (12th) 2007-2012 16 Mr. (13th) 2012-2017 17 Mr. Ram Nath Kovind (14th) 2017

LIST OF VICE PRESIDENTS

Sl.No Name Opponent name Period 1 Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan No Opposition 1952-1962 2 Zakir Husain M Samanth Singh 1962-1967

3 Varahagiri Venkata Giri Prof. Habib 1967-1969 4 Gopal Swarup Pathak H.V. Kamath 1969-1974 5 Basappa Danappa Jatti N.E. Heuro 1974-1979 6 Mohammad Hidayatullah No Opposition 1979-1984 7 Ramaswamy Venkataraman B.C. kamble 1984-1987 8 Shankar Dayal Sharma No Opposition 1987-1992 9 Kocheril Raman Narayanan Kaka Jogindher Singh 1992-1997 10 Krishna Kantdagger Surjith Singh Barnala 1997-2002 11 Bhairon Singh Shekhawat Sushil Kumar Shinde 2002-2007 12 Mohammad Hamid Ansari Najma Heptula 2007-2012 13 Mohammad Hamid Ansari Jashwanth Singh 2012-2017 13 Muppavarapu Venkaiah Naidu Gopala Krishna Gandhi 2017 - At Present

LIST OF PRIME MINISTERS

Sl.No Name Period

Gulzarilal Nanda ( Acting ) 1984

Gulzarilal Nanda ( Acting ) 1966 1 1947-1964 2 1964-1966 3 1966-1977 4 Morarji Desai 1977-1979 5 Charan Singh 1979-1980 6 Indira Gandhi 1980-1984 7 1984-1989 8 1989-1990 9 Chandra Shekar 1990-1991 10 Pamulaparti Venkata Narasimha Rao 1991-1996

11 1996 12 Haradanahalli Doddegowda Deve Gowda 1996-1997 13 Inder Kumar Gujral 1997-1998 14 Atal Bihari Vajpayee 1998-2004 15 2004-2014 16 Narendra Modi 2014- Till now

LIST OF LOKSABHA SPEAKERS

Sl. No Name Period 1stLoksabha Ganesh VasudevMavalankar 1952-1956 M. A. Ayyangar 1956-1957 2nd Loksabha M. A. Ayyangar 1957-1962 3rdLoksabha SardarHukam Singh 1962-1967 4thLoksabha NeelamSanjiva Reddy 1967-1969 1969-1971 5thLoksabha Gurdial Singh Dhillon 1971-1975 Bali Ram Bhagat 1976-1977 6thLoksabha NeelamSanjiva Reddy March 1977- July 1977 K. S. Hegde 1977-1980 7t Loksabha BalramJakhar 1980-1985 8thLoksabha BalramJakhar 1985-1989 9thLoksabha Rabi Ray 1989-1991 10thLoksabha ShivrajPatil 1991-1996 11thLoksabha P. A. Sangma 1996-1998 12thLoksabha G. M. C. Balayogi 1998-1999 13thLoksabha G. M. C. Balayogi 1999-2002 Manohar Joshi 2002-2004 14thLoksabha Somnath Chatterjee 2004-2009

15thLoksabha Meira Kumar 2009-2014 16thLoksabha SrimathiSumithra Mahajan 2014-present

LIST OF DEPUTY SPEAKERS

1. M.A. Ayyangar 1952-1956 2. Sardar Hukum Singh 1956-1962 3. S.V. Krishnamurthy 1962-1966 4. R.K. Khadilkar 1967-1969 5. G.G. Swell 1970-1977 6. 1977-1979 7. G Lakshman 1980-1984 8. M. Thambidurai 1985-1989 9. Shivaraji Patil 1990-1991 10. S Mallikarjunaiah 1991-1996 11. Suraj Bhan 1996-1997 12. P.M. Sayyed 1998-2004 13. Charan Singh Atwal 2004-2009 14. Kariya Munda 2009-2014 15. M Thambidurai 2014-present

LIST OF ELECTION COMMISSIONERS

Sl.No. Name No. Of Years 1 Sukumar Sen 1950-1958 2 1958-1967 3 Sp Sen verma 1967-1972 4 1972-1973 5 T.Swaminathan 1973-1977 6 S.L Shakdhar 1977-1982 7 R.k. Trivedi 1982-1985

8 R.V.S. Peri Sastri 1986-1990 9 V.S. Ramadevi 1990 10 T.N. Seshan 1990-1996 11 M.S. Gill 1996-2001 12 J.M. Lyngdoh 2001-2004 13 T.S. Krishnamurthy 2004-2005 14 B.B. Tandon 2005-2006 15 N. Gopalaswamy 2006-2009 16 Navin Chawla 2009-2010 17 S.Y. Quraishi 2010-2012 18 V.S. Sampath 2012-2015 19 H.S. Brahma 2015 20 Nazim Zaidi 2015-2017 21 Achal Kumar Jyoti 2017-2018 22 Om Prakash Rawat 23rd January - 1st December 2018 23 Sunil Arora 2 December 2018 - Till Date

CABINET MINISTERS OF 2019

Name of the Minister Portfolio Narendra Modi Prime Minister, Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions. Department of Atomic Energy; Department of Space Rajnath Singh Minister of Defence Amit Shah Minister of Home Affairs

Nitin Gadkari Minister of Road Transport and Highways; and Minister of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises. DV Sadananda Gowda Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers. Nirmala Sitharaman Minister of Finance; and Minister of Corporate Affairs.

RamvilasPaswan Minister of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution. Narendra Singh Tomar Minister of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare; Minister of Rural Development; and Minister of Panchayati Raj. Prasad Minister of Law and Justice; Minister of Communications; and Minister of Electronics and Information Technology. Harsimrat Kaur Badal Minister of Food Processing Industries. Thaawar Chand Gehlot Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment. DrSubrahmanyamJaishankar Minister of External Affairs.

Ramesh Pokhriyal 'Nishank' Minister of Human Resource Development. Arjun Munda Minister of Tribal Affairs. SmritiIrani Minister of Women and Child Development; and Minister of Textiles.

Dr Harsh Vardhan Minister of Health and Family Welfare; Minister of Science and Technology; and Minister of Earth Sciences. Prakash Javadekar Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change; and Minister of Information and Broadcasting. PiyushGoyal Minister of Railways; and Minister of Commerce and Industry. Dharmendra Pradhan Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas; and Minister of Steel. Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi Minister of Minority Affairs. Pralhad Joshi Minister of Parliamentary Affairs; Minister of Coal; and Minister of Mines. DrMahendra Nath Pandey Minister of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship. Arvind GanpatSawant Minister of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprise Giriraj Singh Minister of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries Gajendra Singh Minister of Jal Shakti

MINISTERS OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE)

Santosh Kumar Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Labour and Gangwar Employment Rao Inderjit Singh Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation; and Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Planning. Shripad Naik Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy (AYUSH); and Minister of State in the Ministry of Defence. Dr Jitendra Singh Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region; Minister of State in the Prime Minister's Office; Minister of State in the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions; Minister of State in the Department of Atomic Energy; and Minister of State in the Department of Space. Kiren Rijiju Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports; and Minister of State in the Ministry of Minority Affairs Prahalad Singh Patel Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Culture; and Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Tourism. Raj Kumar Singh Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Power; Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy; and Minister of State in the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship. Hardeep Singh Puri Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs; Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Civil Aviation; and Minister of State in the Ministry of Commerce and Industry. Mansukh L. Mandaviya Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Shipping; and Minister of State in the Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers.

MINISTERS OF STATE

Name of the Minister Portfolio FaggansinghKulaste Minister of State in the Ministry of Steel Ashwini Kumar Minister of State in the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Choubey Arjun Ram Meghwal Minister of State in the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs; and Minister of State in the Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises General (Retd.) V. K. Minister of State in the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways Singh Krishan Pal Minister of State in the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment DanveRaosahebDadarao Minister of State in the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution G Kishan Reddy Minister of State in the Ministry of Home Affairs ParshottamRupala Minister of State in the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare RamdasAthawale Minister of State in the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment Niranjan Jyoti Minister of State in the Ministry of Rural Development Babul Supriyo Minister of State in the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change Sanjeev Kumar Balyan Minister of State in the Ministry of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries Dhotre Sanjay Shamrao Minister of State in the Ministry of Human Resource Development; Minister of State in the Ministry of Communications; and Minister of State in the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology Anurag Singh Thakur Minister of State in the Ministry of Finance; and Minister of State in the Ministry of Corporate Affairs. Angadi Suresh Minister of State in the Ministry of Railways Channabasappa Nityanand Rai Minister of State in the Ministry of Home Affairs

Rattan Lal Kataria Minister of State in the Ministry of Jal Shakti; and Minister of State in the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment V Muraleedharan Minister of State in the Ministry of External Affairs; and Minister of State in the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs Renuka Singh Saruta Minister of State in the Ministry of Tribal Affair SomParkash Minister of State in the Ministry of Commerce and Industry RameshwarTeli Minister of State in the Ministry of Food Processing Industries Pratap Chandra Sarangi Minister of State in the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises; and Minister of State in the Ministry of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries. Kailash Choudhary Minister of State in the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare Debasree Chaudhuri Minister of State in the Ministry of Women and Child Development

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS RELATED TO POLITY

INDIAN CONSTITUTION 1. The concept of constitution is the first nominated by? Aristotle

2. When was the first meeting of the Indian Constitution Council happened?

December 9, 1946

3. President of the Constituent council?

Babu Rajendra Prasad

4. In which year the Indian Constitution was approved?

Year 1949

5. From which country's constitution India has adopted the Directive Principles?

Republic of Ireland

6. The first person to tell Indians to create their constitution?

M.S.Roy

7. Who is the president of the constitutional draft committee?

B. R. Ambedkar

8. How much time was taken to write Indian Constitution?

2 years 11 months 18 days

9. In which year Indian Constitution came into effect?

January 26, 1950

10. From which country's constitution Joint list method was received by Indian Constitution?

Australia

11. Who has residuary powers in Indian Constitution?

Parliament

12. From which country's constitution did the impeachment of president called mahabhiyoga conclusion was recognized?

American constitution

13. From which Constitution, the authority to abolish fundamental rights in emergency situations was recognized?

Weimar Constitution (Germany)

14. When did the Indian Constituent Assembly approve the national flag?

July 22, 1947

15. What is Indian Constitution called as?

Bharatiya Saṃvidhana(correct)

16. Freedom, equality, and liberalism as foreground speech in our constitution, which Revolution inspired by these words?

French Revolution

17. Who acted as a legal advisor to the Indian Constitutional Amendment?

B.S.Rao

18. Parliamentary System of India is distinguishable from the British Parliamentary system, on which process India differs from?

Judicial review process

19. Who is the namely executive officer in central?

President

20. What is the only state in which our country has dual citizenship?

Jammu Kashmir

21. How many privileges are there in the first Indian Constitution?

395 Terms

22. In which the Indian Constitutional Goals are mentioned?

Preamble

23. What is the disturbance of the Indian federal structure?

Fundamental rights

24. Who said that the Indian government is united at the time of simplification and as a single central government in emergency?

B. R. Ambedkar

25. Who is the nominee executive officer in the state?

Governor

26. Who has described our constitution as a semi-federation?

K.C. Wheare

27. When was the end of the end meeting of the Constitutional parishath happened?

January 24, 1950

28. In which case did the Supreme Court declare that constitutional prejudice is part of the Constitution?

Kesavananda Bharathi case

29. Which is the longest and most detailed written constitution of the world?

Indian Constitution

30. Who is the Special Committee President of study the fundamental rights in Indian Constitution?

S. V. patel

31. What is Indian constitution parishath symbol?

Elephant

32. What is the most important basis for Indian Constitution?

Government of India Act

33. Who is the Chairperson of the Indian Constitution Writing Committee?

B. R. Ambedkar 34. Who is the President of the Constitutional Work in the Constituent Assembly?

K.M. Munshi

35. Which is the world's first written, shortest, rigid constitution?

American constitution

36. Who is the president of the Union Constitution Committee of the Constituent Assembly?

Jawaharlal Nehru

37. Who is the Finance and Staff Committee President of the Constituent Assembly of India?

Rajendra Prasad

FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS, FUNCTIONS AND DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES

1. From which constitution did India adopt the laws of India?

Republic of Ireland

2. Which article in the constitution prohibited the work of children in factories?

24th article

3. In which part fundamental rights are there in the constitution?

3rd part

4. Who was the first person who demanded to get equal rights to Indians?

Bala Gangadhar Tilak

5. Who Protects Fundamental Rights?

Courts

6. In which year property rights from fundamental rights has removed?

1978 year

7. From which constitution did the Guidelines on the abolition of fundamental rights during the National Emergency Declaration?

Germany Constitution

8. Why fundamental rights cannot be edited through the laws of utility?

Rights are an integral part of the constitution

9. Who has the power of modifying fundamental rights through the constitutional amendment?

Parliament

10. From which country it is inspired for the principles of the constitution?

Ireland

11. What is the right to say that all are equal before the law?

Right to Equality

12. Which articles can be accepted and remaining other fundamental rights can be cancelled in national emergency situations?

20, 21 articles

13. According to which article six types of freedom was given to ordinary citizens in Indian Constitution?

Article 19

14. What is the most important of all fundamental rights?

Right to constitutional compensation

15. The right to property has been removed from the Basic Rights List through which amendment?

44th Amendment

16. Through which articles does the Constitution of India guarantee the right of equality? 14 to 18 Articles 17. Who is the Special Committee President of study the fundamental rights in Indian Constitution?

S. V. patel

18. Whose opinion that the right to constitutional compensation was the spirit of the constitution? B. R Ambedkar 19. Which right has religious beliefs?

Right to religious freedom

20. What is called as Rights without legal protection?

Directive formulas

21. From what constitutional amendment the words "India's unity in the Indian Constitution" has been included?

42nd Amendment

22. What are the guidelines for central, state and local governments?

Directive formulas

23. From which country the words "Before the law all are equal" were realized?

Britain

24. Which year did Parliament create the untouchability law?

Year 1955

25. The right to life, freedom provided by the constitution can be excluded through which article?

Article 21

26. Which power in Indian Constitution guarantees freedom of operation of religious and affairs?

Article 26

27. What constitutional amendment does primary tasks include?

42nd Amendment

28. What can lead to constitutional statement of emergency?

Temporary termination of Right to Freedom

29. How many Fundamental Funds are there in the present Indian Constitution?

11

30. From which constituency did the fundamental funds of the Indian Constitution were realized?

Constitution of Russia

31. What amendment has been issued for repayment to conservation to protect fundamental rights?

32nd Amendment

32. Who has the power to dispel limitations by the 33rd Amendment on the Fundamental Rights?

Parliament

33. Through which constitutional amendment Right to Education has been included in the fundamental rights?

86th Amendment

34. What is the right to make the secular Constitution for India?

Right to freedom of religion

35. What does the 23rd article of the Constitution prohibit?

Business with people

36. Fundamental rights in India can be protected by which department?

Justice department

PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENT

1. Who is first citizen of the country?

President

2. Who cancelled the Indian Lok Sabha?

President, on advice of Prime minister

3. Who is India's first Muslim president?

Zakir Hussain(correct)

4. Who is the highest commander of armed forces?

President

5. What is the age for the candidate to run for president post?

Must be 35 years old

6. Who will deal the fights about the presidential election?

Supreme Court

7. If the post of the President of India is empty, within how many days have to elections be held?

Within 6 months

8. In what process can the President be removed?

Mahabhiyoga Conclusion

9. Who can remove the Chairmen of the Andhra Pradesh Public Service Commission?

The president appointed by the governor can be removed

10. Who is the General Commander of the country?

President

11. Who is the first President of India?

Babu Rajendra Prasad

12. Who was the first Indian president to die in office?

Zakir Hussain

13. Who is the President elected with a very low majority?

Varahagiri VenkataGiri (V.V. Giri)

14. Who became the President in a very young age?

Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy

15. Who was the first president to fly on a Combat aircraft?

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

16. Who has served as President for a long time?

Babu Rajendra Prasad

17. Who is the first Templeton Award recipient in India?

Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan

18. Who is the shortest term president?

Zakir Hussain

19. Who served as the , President of India and as Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh?

Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy

20. Who took up the president's post without taking up the position of Vice-President?

Babu Rajendra Prasad

21. What is the Intended Article for the President's Rule in the States?

Article 356

22. Once in how many years is the Indian President's Economic Commission appointed?

5 Years

23. Who is the first Supreme Court Judge to act as temporary President in India?

Mohammad Hidayatullah

24. By whom the President of India is elected?

Chosen by the Electoral College

25. Who is treated as President when the President and the Vice President is not available?

Supreme Court Chief Justice

26. In the presence whom should the vice president sworn in?

President

27. Who presided over the Rajya Sabha meetings?

Vice-President

28. Which died while in office?

Krishan Kant

29. Who will solve disputes during the election to the Vice-President?

Supreme Court

30. Who is presiding over the Rajya Sabha when Vice President is acting President?

Rajya Sabha Vice President

31. Who determines payrolls of Indian Vice-President?

Parliament

32. According to which article in the Indian Constitution is the Central Executive Authority will be in the hands of the President?

Article 53

33. From what they pay the President's salary?

Central Consolidated Fund

34. When will the President Conduct meeting of the two Houses of Parliament?

When the ordinary bills are passed by two houses

35. What are the states that have not yet been imposed by the President of India?

Chhattisgarh and Telangana

36. Who will participate in the voting on the Imprisonment Conclusion?

Members elected in both Houses

37. How many members are nominated by the president to the Rajya Sabha?

12 members

38. What is the President's Residence Building?

Rashtrapati Bhavan

39. Which articles of the Indian Constitution was related to the presidential election?

Articles 54, 55

40. Who was the first President of India unanimously elected?

Dr Rajendra Prasad

41. Who was the first President to be sworn in at the Parliament Central Hall rather than the Rashtrapati Bhavan?

Abdul Kalam

42. Who was the first woman president to fly in combat aircraft?

Pratibha Patil

43. Who is the President of the Planning Commission President?

Pranab Mukherjee

44. Who is the president who went to the Supreme Court himself and heard his argument about his election controversy?

Varahagiri Venkatagiri

45. Who is the president, who is reputed as a finance minister at a very small age?

Pranab Mukherjee

46. Who is the first woman president?

Pratibha Devisingh Patil

PARLIAMENT, LOK SABHA, RAJYA SABHA

1. When was the Indian Parliament's first meeting happened?

May 13, 1952

2. What is the term of Lok Sabha members?

5 years

3. Indian Parliament means?

Lok sabha+ Rajya Sabha + President

4. Who determines the payrolls of Lok Sabha speaker?

Parliament

5. Who is the leader of the ruling party in the first Lok Sabha?

Jawaharlal Nehru

6. What is the Constitution of India mentioned by the Central and State Governments in the two subjects?

Joint list

7. How many seats are allocated to Union Territories in the Lok Sabha?

13

8. What is the count of current Lok Sabha members?

545 members

9. What is the minimum gap between the two sessions of the Lok Sabha?

6 months

10. Was the date of Lok Sabha formation first?

April 17, 1952

11. Even though the Lok Sabha was cancelled, what is a job without a termination?

Speaker

12. What is the list of central and state jurisdictions?

Joint List

13. Who preside over a joint session of both Houses of Parliament?

Loksabha speaker

14. What is the maximum strength of Rajya Sabha?

250 members

15. How many members are elected from union terittories to Rajya Sabha?

4 members

16. Who will preside over a joint session of both Houses of Parliament in the absence of Lok Sabha Speaker?

Lok Sabha Deputy Speaker

17. Who has the power to control the expenditure of Indian government?

Lok sabha

18. Who was the first Telugu actress worked as a member Rajya sabha?

Jayapradha

19. What is the Union Territory of the Rajya Sabha with only one member?

Puducherry

20. What is the term of Rajya Sabha members?

6 years

21. Who preside over the Rajya Sabha meetings?

Vice President of India

22. Who was the first chairman of Rajya Sabha?

S Radhakrishnan

23. Who is the first Leader of opposition who officially recognized in the Lok Sabha?

Yashwantrao Balwantrao Chavan (YB Chavan)

24. Which of the members of the council is determined by the population of the respective states?

Rajya sabha

25. How many seats are there in Bihar and West Bengal in the Rajya Sabha? 15 Seats 26. Which state has the highest number of seats in Rajya sabha?

Uttar Pradesh

27. Who has the power to make requirements which are required for Indian citizenship?

Parliament

28. What is the largest Lok Sabha constituency in terms of area?

Ladakh

29. What is the upper house of Indian parliament known as?

Rajya sabha

30. Which president served as speaker of the Lok sabha?

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy

31. Who is the first woman speaker of the lok sabha?

Meira Kumar

32. Who is the person who officially announces the resignation of the President?

Lok sabha speaker

33. What is called the House of Representatives?

Lok Sabha

34. The Lok Sabha Speaker should send his resignation letter to whom?

Deputy Speaker

35. Who was the speaker for two Lok Sabha seats?

Balaram Jakkar

36. In what way the Indian parliamentary system is different from the British parliamentary system?

System of Judicial Authority in India

37. What is the year when the first universal elections in India were held?

Year 1952

38. Who is the first Chief Electoral Officer of India?

Sukumar Sen

39. Who has recommended the government funding for the parliamentary elections?

Dinesh Goswami Committee

40. Who was the first Lok Sabha speaker?

Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar (G. V. Mavalankar)

41. Who have the highest powers in Indian Constitution?

President

42. Who has the power to form new states or change the boundaries of existing states?

Parliament

43. The voting rights of the people of India are given on what basis?

Age

44. What is the requirement to pass the bill at a joint session of both Houses of Parliament?

2/3 majority (special majority)

45. In which state most of the Lok Sabha seats are reserved for Scheduled Tribes?

Madhya Pradesh

46. Who has the authority to make the terms for obtaining citizenship of India?

Parliament

47. Who served as a deputy speaker for long period of time?

George Gilbert Swell (G.G.Swell)

48. Who will manage the Lok Sabha Deputy Speaker Selection?

Lok sabha speaker

49. Who are the people who use the decisive vote if there is no Rajya Sabha membership but a similar impediment to the anti-communal and anti-vote in the bill?

Rajya sabha chairman

50. From what does the Lok Sabha Speaker is paid for the salary wages?

Central council fund

51. Who has the power to remove the government in power by an unfaithful resolution?

Lok sabha

52. Who has the power to decide whether a bill is a financial bill or not?

Lok sabha speaker

PRIME MINISTER, CABINET

1. Who is the first foreign minister of independent India?

Jawaharlal Nehru

2. Who is the person who has been appointed as prime minister rather than a member of any House?

P.V. Narasimha Rao

3. What is the minimum age for a person to be elected as the Prime Minister of India?

25 years

4. Who is the president of the Indian Planning Commission?

Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru

5. Who is the shortest temporary prime minister?

Gulzarilal Nanda (G.L.Nanda)

6. Who is the Prime Minister who has resigned from losing confidence in the Lok Sabha?

V.P.Singh

7. Who is known as the Actual executive manager?

Prime Minister

8. On what, the term of prime minister depended?

Confidence of Lok Sabha

9. Who has served as Prime Minister for a long time?

Jawaharlal Nehru

10. Who is the only woman to be the Finance Minister?

Indira Gandhi

11. Who is the youngest Prime Minister?

Rajiv Gandhi

12. Who is the first Prime Minister of India to speak in Hindi at the United Nations General Assembly?

Atal Bihari Vajpayee

13. Who is the Prime Minister who has a controversial agreement in the United States?

Manmohan Singh

14. Who is the Prime Minister who faced the Kargil war effectively?

Atal Bihari Vajpayee

15. Who presided over the Indian National Congress at the Lahore Congress meeting?

Jawaharlal Nehru

16. Who was the first prime minister of India who died while in office?

Jawaharlal Nehru

17. The Prime Minister will take a sworn oath in whose presence?

President

18. Who is known as the Iron Man of India?

Sardar (Vallabhbhai Jhaverbhai Patel)

19. Who gave the slogan “Jai Jawan Jai Kisan”?

Lal Bahadur Shastri

20. Who is the Prime Minister who nationalized for the first time?

Indira Gandhi

21. Property rights by which Prime Minister are removed from the Fundamental Rights List?

Morarji Desai

22. Who is the Prime Minister who worked three times as the National Congress President?

Jawaharlal Nehru

23. Who is the first Prime Minister despite being Prime Minister and losing in the General Elections?

Indira Gandhi

24. Who is the Prime Minister who resigned without resisting Parliament?

Charan Singh

25. Who gave the slogan “Desh Bachao Desh Banao”?

P.V. Narsimha Rao

26. Who is the Prime Minister of India who has signed the pact deal?

Jawahar Lal Nehru

27. Who served as deputy prime minister for shortest time?

Yashwantrao Balwantrao Chavan (Y.B. Chavan)

28. Who is the Prime Minister of India without a member of the Union Cabinet?

Mammohan Singh

29. Who is the prime minister to cut the age of voting from 21 years to 18 years?

Rajiv Gandhi

30. Who was the first Prime Minister to receive the India Ratna Award after his death?

Lal Bahadur Shastri

31. Who was the first prime minister to be murdered?

Indira Gandhi

32. How many types of ministers are there in the union cabinet of India?

3 types

33. Who have the power of Building a cabinet, Reformatting, and removing ministers?

Prime Minsiter

34. Who gave the slogan “Garibi Hatao”?

Indira Gandhi

35. Who was the Prime Minister of India in 1965 with the potential to fight against Pakistan?

Lal Bahadur Shastri

36. Who is the first female prime minister of India for getting Bharat Ratna award?

Indira Gandhi

SUPREME COURT, HIGH COURT

1. What is the rit which orders an officer to carry out his duties?

Mandamus

2. Who is the first Supreme Court Chief Justice who served as Provisional President?

Mohammad Hidayatullah

3. Who was the first woman judge of Supreme Court of India?

Fatima Beevi

4. What is the highest judicial system in India?

Supreme Court

5. Who was the first chief justice of the supreme court of India?

Harilal Jekisundas Kania (H. J. Kania)

6. What is the date of establishment of Supreme Court?

28 January 1950

7. From which the salaries of the High Court Judges will be paid from?

State Socialist Fund

8. Who are the ultimate authority to describe the constitution of India?

Supreme Court

9. The Indian judicial system is similar to the legal system of which country?

Great Britain

10. What is the reason for restrictions in India for review authorization?

Constitutional privilege

11. Where is the Supreme Court headquarters?

New Delhi

12. Who decides the payrolls of Supreme Court judges?

Parliament

13. Who was the President seeked the advice of Supreme Court for 3 times?

Babu Rajendra Prasad

14. What is the number of women judges in the Indian Supreme Court?

3

15. What is the retirement age of high court judges?

62 years

16. Who is the first woman judge of the high court?

Justice Anna Chandy

17. What is the total number of high courts currently in India?

25

18. Which is the only Union Territory that has the High Court?

Delhi

19. Who are the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court who accepted people's purposes?

Justice P. N. Bhagwati and Justice V. R. Krishna Iyer

20. Who is the Supreme Court Chief of the Lok Adalat Act?

Justice P. N. Bhagwati

21. The independent legal system is derived from the Constitution of which country?

Constitution of America

22. Who has the power to increase the number of judges according to the need?

Parliament

23. Who appoints the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and other judges?

President

24. The term of retirement for the Supreme Court judge?

65 years

25. Who worked as the chief judge of the Supreme Court for a long time?

Yeshwant Vishnu Chandrachud (Y. V. Chandrachud)

26. Who was the Chief Justice of Supreme Court for proposing the Imprisonment Conclusion?

Justice V. Ramaswamy

27. Who was the shortest serving Supreme Court chief justice in India?

Kamal Narain Singh

28. Who was the first to be the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court?

Konakuppakatil Gopinathan Balakrishnan (K. G. Balakrishnan)

29. How many judges are there in the high court?

1079

30. Who administers the oath of high court judges?

Governor

31. Which high court in India has the highest number of judges?

Allahabad High Court

32. Who have the authority to remove the high court judges?

President

33. From which the High Court judge’s pension is paid from?

Central Consolidated Fund

34. What is the writ, like the life of the person to freedom?

Habeas corpus writ

35. Who has the authority to issue writs?

Supreme Court

36. Who is the telugu man who retired as Chief Justice in Supreme Court and contested for the President of India?

Koka Subba Rao

37. For whom the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and other judges have to submit the resignations?

President

38. What is the current number of Supreme Court judges in India?

31 members

PANCHAYATI RAJ SYSTEM

1. Who was the first dynasty that was introduced by local governments in our India?

Maurya Dynasty

2. Who is known as the father of local self-government?

Lord Ripon

3. According to constitution in which list Panchayat raj topic is present?

State list

4. What was the Committee that suggested that Panchayati Raj should be introduced for the first time in India?

Balwant Rai Mehta committee

5. What was the first state to implement the Panchayati Raj system?

Rajasthan

6. Which dynasty is known for local self-government in India?

Chola dynasty

7. Which committee recommended for direct polling of gram panchayat members?

Balwant Rai Mehta committee

8. Which was the first state to set up a Mandal Parishath system in the country following the suggestions of the ?

Karnataka

9. Who was the then Prime Minister when the Ashok Mehta committee was formed?

Rajiv Gandhi

10. The village community is the most powerful during whose ruling?

Cholas

11. What are the states which are exempted from the 73rd constitutional amendment?

Nagaland, Meghalaya, and Mizoram

12. In which part, constituent elements are included in the constitution of the urban municipal corporations?

From the 243-p to 243-zg on the 9th episode

13. When was the Community Development Project launched in India?

October 2, 1952

14. What is the constitutional amendment for the municipal corporations in India?

74th Amendment

15. The Constitution prescribes, Panchayat Raj institutions should be elected once in how many year?

5 years

16. Which is the second state to introduce a three-tier panchayat regime?

Andhra Pradesh

17. The number of wards in the village panchayat will be determined on what basis?

Panchayat population

18. Who arranges the gram panchayats as per the population of the state?

State Panchayati Raj Commissioner and District Collector

19. Who holds peace and security of the district collectors?

District magistrates

20. In which place Panchayati Raj system in India was introduced in October 1959?

Rajasthan in Nagapur

21. Which is the first state to issue 50% reservation for women in local body’s polls?

Bihar

22. What is the period of time to conduct the election for the cancelled panchayat?

6 months

23. Who is the Registrar of Birth and Death at Gram Panchayat?

Panchayat Secretary

24. Who will act as the negotiator between the municipal council and state government?

Municipal Commissioner

25. What is the subject of the article of which government trying to reduce the 243rd edict of the Indian Constitution?

Panchayat Raj Policy

26. The Andhra Pradesh Panchayat Raj system was introduced in which Chief Minister's period?

Neelam Sanjeev Reddy

27. Who is the chief election dealer in the district election?

District Collector

28. Who have the right to vote from Panchayat Raj Institutions in MLCs elected from local bodies?

MPTC, ZPTC members

29. What is the highest system in the Panchayati Raj system at district level?

Zilla Parishad

30. What is the state of law making it mandatory to cast votes in his election?

Gujarat

31. To what terms G.V.K. Rao committee is related to?

Rural Development and Poverty Alleviation

32. What is the committee that suggested setting up district planning boards in the country?

C. H. Hanumantha Rao committee

33. Who regularly audits the gram panchayats under the law?

State Audit Manager

34. Who introduced the district collector office in India?

British East Indian Company

35. Who is the District Planning Board Presidents?

District Collector

36. The double panchayat raj system is implemented in which Union Territory?

The Dadra and Nagar Haveli

TOUGH QUESTIONS IN CIVIL SCIENCE

1. While Gandhiji opposed, Subhash Chandra Bose became the president of Congress in which year?

1939

2. Who was the leader who shot and killed by the British after the Sepoy Rebellion?

Mangal Pandey

3. Which day is declared for Congress to celebrate as "purna Swaraj"?

26th January 1930

4. Who is the opposite of the idea of gram panchayat's loss of national progress?

Ambedkar

5. Jawaharlal Nehru as prime minister established the provisional government in which year?

26 Janurary, 1930

6. What is the total number of members in the elections to the Indian Constitution?

389 members

7. "Gandhiji may die, but Gandhi ism always lives on" who said these words?

Bhogaraju Pattabhi Sitaramayya

8. What is the symbol of Indian constitution?

Lion

9. Which department was run by Liaquat Ali Khan of Muslim League in the caretaker Government in 1946?

Finance

10. What is the world's first Constitutional Parishad?

Philadelphia Convention

11. Who is the political mentor of A. O. Hume?

Mahadev Govind Ranade

12. Who declared that "every person is the ultimate goal of every tear blowing"?

M. K. Gandhi

13. Which article is considered by Ambedkar to remain "soft" in our constitution?

Article 356

14. Who was the first Englishman to preside over the National Congress?

George Yule

15. How many times amendments have been made to the Constitutional Predecessor so far?

1 time

16. To whom the sovereignty of the Indian Constitution was given?

People of India

17. Who was the complainant of the United Nations Security Council in 1948 on the issue of Hyderabad?

Pakisthan president Laiq Ali

18. What is the number of members of the Indian Constitutional Draft Committee?

7

19. Who proposed the resolution goals-ambitions in the Constituent Assembly?

Jawaharlal Nehru

20. Which article in fundamental rights specifies that "detainees must be present in court within 24 hours"

Article 22

21. In what year was the "Indian Citizenship Act" first made?

Year 1924

22. Who was India’s constitutional advisor?

Benegal Narsing Rao

23. Whose responsibility to register voters in India?

Election Commission

24. The concept of "laws of principle" was adopted from which constitution?

Irish constitution

25. Whose permission is required to obtain the title of other countries who continue to remain in the post of Government of Revenue?

President

26. Who has converted the Indian Prime Minister's Secretariat to a full-fledged branch?

Lal Bahadur Shastri

27. In which case did the Supreme Court verdict that 50% reservation was unconstitutional?

Indrasahani

28. Who will accept the state budget when a state is under President's rule?

Parliament

29. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar describes which fundamental right as "the soul, soul, and heart of the constitution"?

Right to constitutional remedies

30. In what year was the building of the Indian Parliament done?

1921-1927

31. How much did the contestants contest in the parliamentary elections have increased the cost limit from 10 lakhs?

25 Lakhs

32. In what year for the first time in the Indian Parliament the no-confidence motion started?

Year 1963

33. What is the constitutional amendment which reduced the age of voting from 21 years to 18 years?

61 Amendment

34. A parliament member is restricted to ask how many questions?

5 questions

35. According to which provision are the two Anglo-Indians nominated by the President to the Lok Sabha?

331 Provision

36. Who is the woman who introduced the Rail Budget in Parliament for the first time in our country?

Mamata Banerjee

37. How long will the President's rule be ruled in a state without a parliamentary approval?

2 months

38. How many percent of seats are required to get the Leader of the Opposition in the Assembly?

10%

39. In how many months an unsigned person have to subscribe if he is appointed as a minister either in Legislative Assemblies or in Parliament?

Within 6 months

40. In which year did "Zero Hour" started in the Indian Parliament?

1962

41. How many steps are there in making the bill law?

7 steps

42. Who is the tax payer of agricultural income in our country?

Central and state governments

43. Who introduced the "Chief Minster Hour" method for the first time in India?

Digvijaya Singh

44. Who is the Chairman of the D. R. D. A?

District Collector

45. In which year did first district collector in India created?

1772 year

46. Under whose direct supervision the Lok Sabha Secretariat will be?

Lok Sabha Speaker

47. Who will accept the Declaration of War Debates in our country?

Parliament

48. Which High Court ruled that the bandhs were unconstitutional?

Kerala

49. The Lok Sabha seat number was decided not to increase till which year?

2026

50. Who will pay his salary when a state governor is also working as a temporary governor of another state?

In common with both states

51. Who has the power to interpret the Constitution of India?

Supreme Court

52. What is the highest legal office of the Government of India?

Attorney General of India

53. Who is the state president of Red Cross Company?

Governor

54. Which constitutional amendment permits a single person to be governor of two or three states?

7th Constitutional Amendment

55. The words "Satyameva Jayathe", inscribed on the National Emblem, from where it was taken?

Mundaka Upanishad

56. In How many constituencies a candidate can compete in constitutional terms?

Any number of constituencies

57. Who is the state executive officer of the Indian Constitution?

Governor

58. Who was the Allahabad High Court judge who said that Indira Gandhi's election was invalid in 1975?

Justice Jagmohanlal Sinha

59. Who has the authority to prosecute the election petition?

High Court

60. What is the state which has special constitution in India?

Jammu and Kashmir

61. The Panchayat Raj system was initially introduced in which district of Rajasthan?

Nagaur district

62. Which is the first state to introduce “Zero Based” Budget in India?

Manipur (correct)

63. What is the method to elect the mayor of Hyderabad city now?

Voters live

64. Who was the president of Declaration of 1975?

Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed

65. The Indian Federal Council is primarily associated with which country?

Nigeria

66. What is the non-reserved state of Panchayat System?

Jammu Kashmir

67. Who is the chief minister of Madras at the time when the Potti sriramulu were immortal?

Rajagopala Chari

68. For the first time the national internal emergency situation in our country was announced when?

1975-1977

69. In the Indian National Congress, where was the song composed for the first time?

Kolkata

70. What should be the period between two unreliable resolutions?

6 months

71. What led to the reorganization of states after independence?

Death of Potti sriramulu

72. Who thought that "No such big movement happened in Asia except in China" about ?

Wilfred Cantwell Smith

73. In which city did the national flag first be fled?

Kolkata

74. Which state is associated with 'Airayam-Gayaram’?

Haryana

75. Which committee has recommended to direct elections to Panchayati Raj institutions?

Vengalarao Committe

76. What is the larger state in terms of area in our country right now?

Rajasthan

77. According to the report, how many percent of the population in the country are backward?

52%

78. In which year did Pingali Venkayya Tricolor flag was launched by Vijayawada Congress?

Year 1921

79. In which year did the Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP) was formed?

1980

80. According to the first 356 provisions in our country President's rule was imposed in which state?

Kerala

81. "Viceroy House" in Delhi is now called as?

Rastrapathi Bhavan

82. What is the Committee that intends to examine criminal politics in our country?

Vohra committee

83. According to the tenth five year Plan Approach Paper, what is the share of agriculture sector in Indian gross domestic product?

25%

84. In what meeting was the Communist Party divided as CPI and CPM (1964)?

Vijayawada

85. When was the National Human Rights Commission formed constitutionally in our country? 1993 October 86. Based on the Speaker of which country we created our speaker?

Britain 87. What are the general elections of Congress Party history for most of the votes? 8th elections 88. During whose term was the Prime Minister's Office started? Lal Bahadhur Sastri 89. In which year did Haryana formed on break up of some areas of Punjab? 1966 90. Which party is the main opposition in the first General Election? Communist party 91. Who is the President of National Development Council? President 92. Where is the All India Institute of Local Self Government located? Mumbai 93. On which leader’s name the Human Resource Development Authority of Andhra Pradesh is? Dr. Marri Channa Reddy 94. Following the recent Supreme Court judgment of the Indian Supreme Court, which item was dropped out of the list of essential items that did not come down to food? Tea 95. What is the diplomatic representative of the Commonwealth countries called? High Commission 96. Who is the Prime Minister who brought 73, 74 constitutional amendments? P. V. Narasimha Rao 97. What are the professionals who are predicting the election results closely studying the election trend? Psephologist 98. Indus river waters agreement was done in which country by India? Pakisthan 99. How many times has President’s rule declared in Andhra Pradesh so far? 2 times 100. Where is Center of Urban and Environmental Studies located?

New Delhi 101. Under whom the Central Reserve Police Force is? Domestic minister 102. What is the Commission of Administrative Reforms appointed by the N T Rama Rao Government? Rustomjee committee 103. Who is directly responsible for a government employee in a country like India with a parliamentary democracy system? To the relevant minister 104. Who was appointed by the Kothari Committee for Buriti selection methods? President 105. Which country created the "Ombudsman" system? Sweden 106. Who is the Chief Officer of Civil Services in the State? General Secretary 107. In which city is the Central Labor Institute located? Mumbai 108. What is the country that provided Civil Services employees strike? France 109. Who is the first employee of the Government of India called? Cabinet Secretary 110. Who said that the "training" goal of expanding the scope of thought? Option Committee 111. To whom does UPSC submit its annual report on its work? To President 112. Which country was the first to find the term "bureaucracy"? France 113. Which is the first Government Employees Association in India? Society of Railways Servants of India 114. In which year the Merit System introduced in America? 1887

115. Where is the "Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration" located? Mussorie 116. When was the Committee appointed to look into the system based on central services? 1974 117. Who is the Chairman of the Civil Service Board of India? Cabinet Secretary 118. Which method makes employee team governance easy to sort and simplify? Coordinated method 119. Who are described as “Indian Machiavelli”? Kautilya/ Vishnu Gupta/ Chanakya 120. Which person is the root cause of All India Services? Sardar Vallabhai Patel 121. When was the first Railway Employees Association established in India? 1897 122. As the Paul the Apostles put it, what is the right characteristic of good governance? Integrity 123. The most important aspects of Parliament discussed by which method? Deferred resolution 124. Who appoints the Chief Electoral Officer of the country? President 125. What is the name of UPSC before 1950? Federal Public Service Commission 126. Who commented "Staff is the eyes of the ruler, ears and arms"? J. D. Muni 127. Which city provided the Indian Institute of Public Administration? Delhi 128. What is the process of establishing good relationships between the adults or between the branches called as? Coordinated 129. What is called India Ombudsman? Lokpal

130. Who is not a member of the state legislature but who is attending assembly meetings? Advocate General 131. Who said that "Parliamentary democracy is a vote for a person?" Ambedkar 132. The concept of sovereignty is related to which country? England 133. What is another name for the Prime Minister's Secretariat? Miniature cabinet 134. Who introduced the "Dharma Mahamatra system"? Guptas 135. Who is directly responsible for ministers in a country like India with a parliamentary democracy? Legislative branch 136. What method of use for collection of materials in the government system? Invoice 137. The current reciprocal system in India is based on whose theory? Lord Mekale 138. What is the process of dedication, behavior and intellectual activity among employees? 139. What is the method to replace members from the service of higher posts? Promotion 140. The Revenue Division of Tehsil is mainly related to what period? British period 141. In the opinion of Jawaharlal Nehru, what is the central point of government rule? People, welfare 142. What is the country of citizenship similar to the one citizen in India? Canada 143. When did the Public Sector Undertakings were set up in Parliament? Year 1964 144. What is the count of members of the Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha in the government accounts committee? 15+7

145. Who introduced and implemented the zero based budget for the first time in America? Jimmy Carter 146. Which community has recommended to separate the railway budget from the general budget? Worth committee 147. Who are the government's representation for the budget in Parliament? Finance minister 148. Which country was the first to develop a system of audit of government accounts? England 149. When will the Financial Year start in India? April 1st 150. Who is the Telugu woman who was appointed as the first woman judge in the Delhi High Court? Justice Rohini 151. How long will the Vice President carry out the duties of the President when the President cannot carry out his duties? Indefinitely 152. What is the Committee on Small Rural Industries? Karvy committee 153. In which house the is first introduced? Lok sabha 154. Who is the first chairman of Finance commission in India? K. C. Neogy 155. What is the bill that allows payments from the Indian Union Fund? Assumption bill 156. Who was the first who considered the study of government rule as a government administration? Woodrow Wilson 157. Who is entitled to stop funding from a collective fund when an emergency is imposed under article 357 (1)? President

158. What does it mean to be income-spending are equivalent in budget estimates? Balanced budget 159. Who is responsible for maintaining the position when the governor's position is literally empty? High Court Chief Justice 160. In some exceptional situations, Parliament provides which temporary advance grant method instead of the usual budget? Token grant

161. Who said that governmental science is a moral law and spokesman?

Woodrow Wilson 162. According to the Reforms Commission, what is the date to start the financial year? June 1st 163. What is the estimation table of income for the next year known as? Budget 164. What would help the Parliament to control government spending? CAG 165. Which was the first commission to use the word "Performance Budget"? Hoover Commission 166. What is the country where the executive system is implemented for the first time in the modern era? United Kingdom 167. What is the Committee recommended in the report that political parties can participate in panchayat elections? Ashok Mehta committee 168. In Andhra Pradesh, in which year Urban Development Agency law has passed? 1975 169. What part of the constitution does the panchayats represent? 9th part 170. What is the method of selecting the Presidents of local bodies as per the provisions of the Government?

Indirect method 171. Which is the first state to launch Panchayat Raja system? Rajasthan 172. Village gram panchayat members in which state of our country has a "recall" power? Madhya Pradesh 173. In whose time was the municipal bill first introduced in Parliament? Rajiv Gandhi 174. What is the first constitutional amendment related to? Right to Equality 175. Who will make the rules for management and auditing in the state's panchayat account? State legislature 176. In which schedule of the Constitution, the urban local governance was mentioned? 7th schedule 177. How long will elections be held if local bodies are cancelled? 6 months 178. When does the voters will be as members in village? Gram Sabha 179. What is the Panchayat Raja system recommended by Ashok Mehta Committee? Two-fold system 180. For the first time in our country history, "Internal Financial Advisor" was appointed by which Ministry? Irrigation Department 181. Which of these provinces is considered by any territorial constituency in our state? ZPTC 182. By virtue of which constitution the central government has the power to change the names and boundaries of states? By virtue of article 3 183. What is the special provision of Jammu and Kashmir in particular in the Constitution? 370 184. How long will the Parliament have to get approval after the imposition of President's rule in one state?

2 months 185. What is the year of the Prevention of Corruption Act? 1947 year 186. What is the minimum age required for candidates to compete in municipal or local bodies? 21 Years 187. What level of Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana (JGSY) is implemented? Gram Panchayat 188. When was the Central Government launched the Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (JRY) Scheme? April 1, 1989 189. Who originally proposed the constitutionality of the village panchayats? D.V.K. Rao committee 190. Which is the second tier of Panchayati Raja system proposed by the Balwanturai Mehta Committee? Panchayat Samiti 191. Who is the Chief Minister of the state who arranged the revenue zones in our state? N. T. Rama Rao 192. Who will be supervised in the local body’s election? State Election Commission 193. How many city governing bodies have been divided by the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act? 3 types 194. From which constitution did the judicial review authority realize? America 195. How many constituencies have the constitution recognized? Two categories 196. What does the 243 (A) article in the Constitution say about the Panchayat system? Gram Sabha 197. Which country introduced the Right to Information Act for the first time? Sweden

198. Which city first established the Municipal Corporation of India? Madras 199. Who said, "The progress of the country is based on the Indian rural system?" Gandhiji 200. What is the constitutional amendment revised for the first time in the fundamental rights? 1st amendment 201. In Ambedkar's view, who is the most important officer of the Indian Constitution? Comptroller and Auditor General 202. How many members can the President appoint as members of Rajya Sabha? 12 members

ECONOMICS

BANKING TERMINOLOGY

Term Information

Bank Rate It is the rate at which the Reserve of India lends money to commercial banks or financial institutions. An upward revision in Bank Rate implies that banks will also increase deposit rates as well as Base Rate. To the consumer it means a variation in the interest rates on deposits and also EMI.

Repo Rate It is the rate at which a bank sells a security to the RBI to raise money. The bank in this case agrees to buy back the security on a predetermined date with an interest rate (Repo Rate).

Reverse Repo Rate As the name implies it is the rate at which RBI borrows money from banks. It is a monetary policy instrument which is used to control the money supply in the country.

Base Rate The minimum rate below which banks are not allowed to lend money except in cases specified by the Reserve . Base rate was introduced in India on 01 July 2010.

Cash Reserve It is the proportion of demand and time liabilities which banks in India Ratio are required to hold in the form of cash. Such cash is usually deposited with (RBI). This minimum ratio is stipulated by the RBI and used as a tool to control liquidity in the banking system.

Statutory Liquidity It is the minimum percentage of demand and time liabilities (deposits) Ratio that the bank has to maintain in form of gold, cash or other approved securities at the close of every business day.

Capital Adequacy It is the ratio of bank's core capital to its risk weighted assets. It is a Ratio measure of a bank’s ability to absorb losses by calculating the ratio of capital to risk.

LIST OF RBI GOVERNORS

Sl no RBI Governors Began Ended 1 Sir Osborne Smith April 1, 1935 June 30, 1937 2 Sir James Braid Taylor July 1, 1937 February 17, 1943 3 Sir C.D. Deshmukh August 11, 1943 June 30, 1949 4 Sir Bengal Rama Rau July 1, 1949 January 14, 1957 5 K.G. Ambegaonkar January 14, 1957 February 28, 1957 6 H.V.R Lyengar March 1, 1957 February 28, 1962 7 P.C Bhattachaiya March 1, 1962 June 30, 1967 8 L.K. Jha July 1, 1967 May 3, 1970 9 B.N. Adarkar May 4, 1970 June 15, 1970 10 S. Jagannathan June 16, 1970 May 19, 1975 11 N.C. Sen Gupta May 19, 1975 August 19, 1975 12 K.R. Puri August 20, 1975 May 2, 1977 13 M. Narasimham May 3, 1977 November 30, 1977 14 I.G. Patel December 1, 1977 September 15, 1982 15 Manmohan Singh September 16, 1982 January 14, 1985 16 Amitav Gosh January 15, 1985 September 4, 1985 17 R.N. Malhotra February 4, 1985 December 22, 1990 18 S. Vpnldraramanan December 22, 1990 December 21, 1992 19 C. Rangarajan December 22, 1992 November 21, 1997 20 BimalJalan November 22, 1997 September 6, 2003 21 Y.V. Reddy September 6, 2003 September 5, 2008 22 D. Subbarao September 5, 2008 September 4, 2013 23 Raghuram G. Raj an September 4, 2013 September 4, 2016 24 UrjitRavindra Patel September 4, 2016 December 10,2018 25 Shaktikanta Das December 11,2018 Incumbent

FATHERS OF REVOLUTIONS

S.No Revolution Field / Product Father of Revolutions Period

1 Green Revolution Agriculture M.S.Swaminathan 1966 - 1967

2 White Revolution or Milk/Dairy products VergheseKurien 1970 - 1996 Operation flood

3 Blue Revolution Fish & Aqua Dr.Arun Krishnan 1973-2002

4 Golden Revolution Fruits, Honey, Horticulture NirpakhTutej 1991- 2003

5 Silver Revolution Eggs Indira Gandhi 2000's

6 Yellow Revolution Oil Seeds Sam Pitroda 1986 - 1990

7 Pink Revolution Pharmaceuticals, Prawns, Durgesh Patel 1970's Onion

8 Brown Revolution Leather, Coco HirlalChaudri

9 Red Revolution Meat, Tomato Vishal Tewari 1980's

10 Golden Fibre Revolution Jute 1990's

11 Evergreen Revolution Overall Production of M.S.Swaminathan 2017 - 2022 Agriculture.

12 Black Revolution Petroleum

13 Silver Fiber Revolution Cotton 2000's

14 Round Revolution Potato 1965- 2005

15 Protein Revolution Agriculture (Higher Coined by Narendira 2014 - 2020 Production) Modi

16 Grey Revolution Fertilizers 1960's - 1970's

FIVE YEAR PLANS

Plan Emphasis of Plan Targeted Achieved Growth Growth Rate Rate First Plan (1951- One-third of Total expenditure kept aside for 21.% 3.6%

1956) Harrod- agricultural development Domar Model Second Plan Its main objective was rapid industrialisation. 4.5% 4.2% (1956-1961) Three big industries were established at Bhillai PC Mahalanobis (USSR) ,Durgapur (UK) & Rourkela Model (Germany) Third Plan Self-reliant & generating economy was the 5.6% 2.5% (1961-1966) goal and Indian economy enters the take-off stage , Also continued emphasis on heavy and basic industries Plan Holiday Three annual plans were formulated on account ------(1966-1969) of Indo-Pak conflict , two successive years of drought, devolution of currency by 36% and general rise in prices

Fourth plan Growth with stability and progressive 5.7% 3.2% (1969-1974) achievement of self-reliance, “GaribiHatao” were Fifth plan Removal of poverty and attainment of self- 4.4% 5.0% (1974-1978) reliance Rolling plan It was brought out by “Janta party ------(1979-1980) Government” under “Morarji Desai” in 1978 to raise the income of lowest income classes through agriculture employment Sixth Plan Removal of poverty through strengthening of 5.2% 5.5% (1980-1985) infrastructure for both agriculture and industry, involved people’s participation at local level Seventh Plan Food , work and productivity were the main 5% 5.5% (1985-1990) objectives of this plan Annual Plans It could not take off due to fast changing in ------political situations at the Center , Therefore from 1990 992, Annual plans were formulated Eighth Plan To provide a new dynamism to the economy 5.6% 6.5% (1992-1997) and improve life quality of the common man Ninth Plan Growth with social justice and equality 6.5% 5.5% (1997-2002) Tenth Plan The plan set certain equity-related social and 8.3% 7.6% (2002-2007) monitorable targets with the aim to achieve overall well-being of individuals Eleventh Plan Towards faster and more inclusive growth, 8.1% 7.9% (2007-2012) increase the growth rate in agriculture, industry and services to 4.1% , 10% and 9% , respectively

Twelfth Plan 8% Waiting (2012-2017) Towards faster growth in Medical, Agricultural, Industry and services .

MINISTRY OF WOMEN AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT

Scheme Launched Objective in/on

Beti Bachao Beti Padhao 22 o Prevention of gender biased sex selective (BBBP) Scheme January elimination 2015 o Ensuring survival & protection of the girl child o Ensuring education and participation of the girl child

Pradhan Mantri Matru 01 o To provide cash incentive of Rs. 5000 to Vandana Yojana January pregnant women for first living child 2017

Swadhar Greh Scheme 2015 o To set up 30 Swadhar Greh in every district with capacity of 30 women o To cater to the primary need of shelter, food, clothing, medical treatment and care of the women in distress

UJJWALA 1 April, o To prevent trafficking of women and 2016 children for “1commercial sexual exploitation o To facilitate rescue of victims from the place of their exploitation o To provide rehabilitation services

Working Women Hostel 6 April, o To promote availability of safe and 2017 conveniently located accommodation for

working women, with day care facility for their children,

Sukanya Samridhi Yojana 22 o To encourages parents to build a fund for January the future education and marriage 2015 expenses for their female child

One Stop Centres- Sakhi 1st April o To support women affected by violence 2015 o To establish OSCs with a range of services including medical, legal, and psychological support.

‘Support to Training and 1986-87 o To provide skills that give employability Employment Programme for to women Women (STEP) Scheme o To provide competencies and skill that enable women to become self- employed/entrepreneurs.

Mahila Shakti Kendra 2017-18 o To empower rural women through and 2019- community participation 20 o 640 districts to be covered in a phased manner

Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for 2010 o To improve the nutritional, health and Empowerment of Adolescent development status of adolescent girls

Girls-SABLA (11-14 years) o To promote awareness of health, hygiene, nutrition and family care o To link them to opportunities for learning life skills, going back to school o To provide them nutritional support @ Rs.9.50/beneficiary/day for 300 days in a year

PM's Overarching Scheme March o POSHAN Abhiyaan in implemented in for Holistic Nourishment 2018 315 Districts

(POSHAN Abhiyan)- o To ensure attainment of malnutrition free National Nutrition Mission India by 2022 o To reduce stunting o To ensure holistic development and adequate nutrition for pregnant women, mothers and children.

Rajiv Gandhi National 2013 o To provide day-care facilities for children Crèche Scheme under ICDS (6 months to 6 years) of working mothers in the community. o To improve nutrition and health status of children. o To promote physical, cognitive, social and emotional development (Holistic Development) of children. o To educate and empower parents /caregivers for better childcare.

Integrated Child 2 October o To improve the nutritional and health Development Services 1975 status of children in the age-group 0-6 (ICDS) year

o To reduce the incidence of mortality,

morbidity, malnutrition and school

dropout;

o To enhance the capability of the mother to

look after the normal health and nutritional needs of the child through proper nutrition and health education.

National Mission for 15 August o To ensure economic empowerment of Empowerment of Women 2011 women. o To ensure that violence against women is eliminated progressively.

o To ensure social empowerment of women with emphasis on health and education.

eSamvad portal 2018 o To provide a platform for NGOs and civil society to interact with the Ministry on relevant subjects.

NARI web portal 2018 o To access information on different programmes offered by various state governments as well as the Centre o The portal carries details on 350 different schemes for women and will be updated from time to time.

SHe-Box portal 2018 o To report complaints of Sexual Harassment at Workplace o For prompt disposal of complaints on SHe-Box, each case goes directly to the central/ state authority concerned having jurisdiction to take action in the matter.

Mahila e-Haat portal 2018 o To provide marketing platform to the women entrepreneurs to directly sell to the buyers.

MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE

Scheme Launched Objective in/on

PM Swasthya 2003 o Creation of tertiary healthcare capacity in medical

Suraksha Yojana education, research and clinical care, in the underserved areas of the country o Phase I- etting up of six institutions in the line of AIIMS; and upgradation of 13 existing Government medical college institutions.

o Phase II- setting up of two more AIIMS-like institutions, one each in the States of West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh and upgradation of six medical college institutions

National AIDS 1992 o To provide cash incentive of Rs. 5000 to pregnant Control women for first living child Programme

Pradhan Mantri June 2016 o A minimum package of antenatal care services is to Surakshit be provided to the beneficiaries on the 9th day of

Matritva Abhiyan every month at the Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Clinics to ensure that every pregnant woman receives at least one checkup in the 2nd/ 3rd trimester of pregnancy.

‘Vatsalya – 2017 o It is a National Human Milk Bank and Lactation Maatri Amrit Counselling Centre at the Lady Hardinge Medical Kosh’ College o The centre will collect, pasteurize, test and safely store milk donated by lactating mothers. o The centre will make the collected milk available for infants in need.

LaQshya 2017 o To improve quality of care for pregnant women in labour room, maternity Operation Theatre and Obstetrics Intensive Care Units (ICUs) and High Dependency Units (HDUs).

Mission Parivar 2016 o To launch immediate, special and accelerated efforts Vikas to reach the replacement level fertility goals of 2.1 by 2025 in 145 districts

Affordable 2015 o To provide affordable life-saving cancer, cardiac medicine and drugs and medical disposables reliable implants o It is being implemented through mini-ratna PSU HLL Lifecare Ltd (HLL)

for treatment- AMRIT scheme

Antara and 2017 o To expand the basket of contraceptive choices to Chhaya meet the emerging needs of couples. Contraceptives o ‘Antara’ injectable being effective for three months and the ‘Chayya’ pill for one week

National 2018 o To ensuring high quality healthcare, accessible to Deworming every child initiative

Intensified 08 o To Let no child suffer from any vaccine-preventable Mission October disease Indradhanush 2017 o To reach each and every child under two years of age and all those pregnant women who have been left uncovered under the routine immunisation programme

Kayakalp 2015 o It an initiative has been launched to promote cleanliness, hygiene and infection control practices in public health facilities. o Under this initiative, public healthcare facilities shall be appraised and such public healthcare facilities that show exemplary performance meeting standards of protocols of cleanliness, hygiene and infection control will receive awards and commendation.

MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMER’S WELFARE

Scheme Launched Objective in/on

Pradhan Mantri September o Ensuring remunerative prices to the farmers for Annadata Aay 2018 their produce SanraksHan

Abhiyan” (PM- AASHA)

Pradhan Mantri Fasal 13 o To provide insurance coverage and financial

Bima Yojana January support to the farmers in the event of failure of 2016 any of the notified crop as a result of natural calamities, pests & diseases. o To stabilise the income of farmers to ensure their continuance in farming. o To encourage farmers to adopt innovative and modern agricultural practices. o A uniform premium of only 2% for all Kharif crops and 1.5% for all Rabi crops; 5%. horticultural crops to be paid by farmers

Rashtriya Gokul 16 o To get native breeds to produce more milk, be Mission December more fecund, and to raise the quality of Indian 2014 cows and bulls to eventually outdo Jerseys and Holsteins.

National Programme 2013 o To arrange quality Artificial Insemination for Bovine Breeding services at farmers' doorstep and Dairy o To bring all breedable females under organized Development breeding through Artificial Insemination o To conserve, develop and proliferate selected indigenous bovine breeds o To provide quality breeding inputs in breeding tracts of important indigenous breeds

Project CHAMAN 2016 o Sound methodology for estimation of Horticulture crops is being developed and implemented on pilot basis using Sample Survey methodology and Remote Sensing technology.

Remunerative 2007 o To incentivize the states that increase their Approach for investment in Agriculture and allied sectors

Agriculture and o To provide flexibility and autonomy to the States Allied sector in planning and executing programmes for Rejuvenation agriculture or Rashtriya Krishi o To achieve the goal of reducing the yield gaps in Vikas Yojana important crops o To maximize returns to the farmers

Prime Minister Krishi 1st July, o To extend the coverage of irrigationand Sinchayee Yojana 2015 improving water use efficiencyin a focused manner o To improve farm productivity and ensure better utilization of the resources in the country.

Paramparagat Krishi 2015 o To produce agricultural products free from

Vikas Yojana chemicals and pesticides residues by adopting eco- friendly, low- cost technologies. o Every farmer will be provided Rs. 20,000 per acre in three years for seed to harvesting of crops and to transport produce to the market. eNAM portal 14 April o It is an online trading platform for agricultural 2016 commodities in India.

e-Krishi Samvad May 2017 o It is internet-based interface and is a unique platform that will provide direct and effective solutions to the problems faced by farmers and stakeholders in the agriculture sector.

National Livestock 2014-15 o To ensure quantitative and qualitative Mission improvement in livestock production systems and capacity building of all stakeholders.

“AGRI UDAAN”- 2017 o Help selected innovative startups who will be Food and mentored in to scale up their operations in agri Agribusiness value chain for effective improvement in Accelerator 2.0 agriculture. This is a 6 month program in which shortlisted agri startups with promising

innovative business models will be mentored & guided to scale up their operations.

Soil Health Card 19 o To issue soil cards to farmers which will carry

Scheme February crop-wise recommendations of nutrients and 2015 fertilisers required for the individual farms to help farmers to improve productivity through judicious use of inputs.

Pradhan Mantri Kisan 1 February o 120 million small and marginal farmers who Samman Nidhi( PM- 2019 have less than 2 hectares of landholding will get KISAN) up to Rs. 6,000 per year as minimum income support..

Farmers FIRST by 2015 o to move beyond the production and productivity ICAR and to privilege the complex, diverse & risk prone realities of the farmers through enhancing farmers-scientists contact with multi stakeholders participation for technology development and application

Attracting and 2015 o The ICAR has initiated ARYA in selected Retaining Youth in districts through with an objective for Agriculture (ARYA) entrepreneurial development of Youth in Rural

by ICAR Areas to take up various Agriculture, allied and service sector enterprises for sustainable income and gainful employment. o The identified youth are trained on entrepreneurship development skills by providing a basket of options to start agriculture ventures for self employment.

MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT

Scheme Launched Objective in/on

Deendayal Antyodaya June 2011 o To create efficient and effective institutional Yojana – National platforms of the rural poor enabling them to Rural Livelihoods increase household income through sustainable Mission livelihood enhancements and improved access to financial services. o To cover 7 Crore rural poor households, across 600 districts

Aajeevika Grameen June 2011 o Providing an alternative source of livelihood to Express members of Self Help Groups (SHGs) by Yojana (AGEY) facilitating them to operate public transport services in backward rural areas.

Deen Dayal 25 o Transform rural poor youth into an Upadhyaya Grameen September economically independent and globally relevant

Kaushalya Yojana 2014 workforce". o It aims to target youth, in the age group of 15– 35 years.

PM Gramin Awaas 2015 o To provide housing for the rural poor in India

Yojana o Providing a pucca house, with basic amenities, to all houseless householder and those households living in kutcha and dilapidated house, by 2022. The immediate the objective is to cover 1.00 crore household

PM Gram Sadak 2000 o To provide good all-weather road connectivity Yojana to unconnected villages.

Rashtriya Gram Restructured o strengthening Panchayati Raj Institutions Swaraj Abhiyan on 24 April (PRIs) for achieving Sustainable Development 2018 Goals (SDGs) with main thrust on convergence with Mission Antyodaya

o Emphasis on strengthening PRIs in the 117 Aspirational districts

Shyama Prasad 21 February o To spur social, economic and infrastructure Mukherjee National 2016 development in rural areas by developing a

RuRBAN Mission cluster of 300 Smart Villages over the next 3 years across the country

National Social 15 August o To provide support to aged persons, widows, Assistance 1995 disabled persons and bereaved families on Programme death of primary bread winner, belonging to below poverty line households.

National Rural 2006 o To enhance livelihood security in rural areas by Employment providing at least 100 days of wage

Guarantee Act, 2005 employment in a financial year to every household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work

National Livestock 2014-15 o To ensure quantitative and qualitative Mission improvement in livestock production systems and capacity building of all stakeholders.

Sampoorna Grameen September o To provide additional wage employment in the

Rozgar Yojana 25, 2001 rural areas as also food security, alongside the creation of durable community, social and economic infrastructure in the rural areas.

Sansad Adarsh Gram 2014 o Each will take the

Yojana responsibility of three villages and look after the personal, human, social, environmental and economic development of the villages.

Antyodaya Anna 2000 o To make Targeted Public Distribution

Yojana System more focused and targeted towards the poorest of the poor category of the population

o To providing foodgrains at a highly subsidized rate of Rs.2 per kg for wheat and Rs.3 per kg for rice.

MINISTRY OF HOUSING AND URBAN AFFAIRS

Scheme Launched Objective in/on

Smart Cities Mission 2015 o It is an urban renewal and retrofitting program by the Government of India with the mission to develop 100 cities across the country making them citizen friendly and sustainable

Atal Mission for 2015 o To ensure basic infrastructure services relating to Rejuvenation and water supply, sewerage, septage management, Urban storm water drains, transport and development of Transformation - green spaces and parks with special provision for AMRUT meeting the needs of children.

Swachh Bharat 2014 o To clean up the streets, roads and infrastructure of mission India's cities, towns, and rural areas.

Heritage City 21 January o To preserve and revitalise soul of the heritage city Development and 2015 to reflect the city’s unique character by Augmentation encouraging aesthetically appealing, accessible, Yojana- HRIDAY informative & secured environment.

Pradhan Mantri 2015 o In-situ Rehabilitation of existing slum dwellers

Awas Yojana- Urban using land as a resource through private participation

National Urban 24th o Organizing urban poor in their strong grassroots

Livelihoods Mission September, level institutions, creating opportunities for skill 2013 development leading to market-based employment and helping them to set up self-

employment venture by ensuring easy access to credit. o Providing shelter equipped with essential services to the urban homeless in a phased manner.

North Eastern 21 o It is implemented in the capital cities of 5 North Region Urban February Eastern States viz. Agartala (Tripura), Aizawl Development 2016 (Mizoram), Gangtok (Sikkim), and Kohima Programme (Nagaland) o It covers priority urban services viz. (i) Water Supply, (ii) Sewerage and Sanitation, and (iii) Solid Waste Management o Asian Development Bank is contributing 70% to the financial assistance.

Paisa – Portal for 2018 o It is a centralized electronic platform for Affordable Credit & processing interest subvention on bank loans to Interest Subvention beneficiaries under Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana

Access – National Urban Livelihoods Mission (DAY- NULM) Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship

MINISTRY OF SKILL DEVELOPMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Scheme Launched Objective in/on

Pradhan Mantri Kaushal 15 July, o It is implemented by National Skills Vikas 2015 Development Corporation (NSDC) Yojana (World o To encourage and promote Skill Development Youth for the youth Skills Day) o throughout the country

o Enable and mobilize a large number of youth to take up industry designed quality skill training o Benefit 10 million youth over the period of four years (2016- 2020).

Skills Acquisition and Approved o It is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme with a Knowledge Awareness in 2019 project of total size US Dollar 675 million, for including World Bank assistance of US Dollar Livelihood (SANKALP) 500 million, o To create convergence among all skill training activities o To improving quality of skill development programs o Establishing robust monitoring and evaluation system for skill training programs o Providing access to skill training opportunities to the disadvantaged sections o Creating industry led and demand driven skill training capacity.

Skills Strengthening for Approved o It is a World Bank assisted-Government of Industrial Value in 2019 India project Enhancement (STRIVE) o Improving the relevance and efficiency of skills training provided through Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) and apprenticeships.

Udaan Scheme 2015 o It is a Special Industry Initiative for Jammu & Kashmir in the nature of partnership between the corporates of India and Ministry of Home Affairs and implemented by National Skill Development Corporation.

o The programme aims to provide skills training and enhance the employability of 40,000 unemployed youth of J&K.

Pradhan Mantri Kaushal 2014 o To promote skill development by catalyzing Kendra the creation of large, quality, for-profit vocational institutions. MSDE intends to establish visible and aspirational training centres in every district of the country.

National Skill 15 July o To create convergence across sectors and

Development Mission 2015 States in terms of skill training activities. o To achieve the vision of ‘Skilled India’,

Skill India Campaign 15 July o To train over 40 crore people in India in 2015 different skills by 2022 o It includes various initiatives of the government like "National Skill Development Mission", "National Policy for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, 2015", "Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY)" and the "Skill Loan scheme".

Standard Training Operational o To motivate the youth of India to acquire a Assessment and Reward between vocational skills and envisages a monetary (STAR) Scheme August reward that will in essence financially help 2013 and those who wish to acquire a new skill or September upgrade their skills to a higher level. 2014.

National Apprenticeship 19th o To provide apprenticeship training to over 50 Promotion Scheme August lakh youngsters by 2020 in order to create

(NAPS) 2016 more jobs. It has budgetary outlay of Rs 10000 crore. o NAPS has replaced Apprentice Protsahan Yojna (APY)

o Reimbursement of 25% of prescribed stipend subject to a maximum of Rs. 1500/- per month per apprentice to all apprentices to employers. o Sharing of the cost of basic training in respect of fresher apprentices (who come directly for apprenticeship training without formal training) limited to Rs. 7500/- per apprentice for a maximum duration of 500 hours/3 months.

PM-YUVA 2016 o To create an enabling ecosystem for Yojana(Pradhan Mantri Entrepreneurship Development through Yuva Udyamita Vikas entrepreneurship education and training across Abhiyan) the country in select Institutes of Higher Learning Industrial Training Centers (ITIs) and Entrepreneurship Development Centers (EDCs) for over a period of five years o 2200 colleges, 300 schools, 500 ITIs and 50 EDC will be enabled to deliver entrepreneurship education and training to over 7 lakh students.

SHREYAS- Scheme for April 2019 o SHREYASis a programme basket comprising Higher Education Youth the initiatives of three Central Ministries, in Apprenticeship and namely the Ministry of Human Resource

Skills Development, Ministry of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship and the Ministry of Labour& Employment viz the National Apprenticeship Promotion Scheme (NAPS), the National Career Service (NCS)and introduction of BA/BSc/BCom (Professional) courses in the higher educational institutions.

o To improve employability of students o It is proposed to cover 50 lakh students by 2022.

Jan Shikshan Sansthan Initially o To help identify and promote traditional skills launched in in the district through skilling / upskilling; 1967 as create livelihood linkages and boost training Shramik of trainers to develop the capacity through Vidyapeeth, National Skills Training Institutes. Renamed as o Formerly under the Ministry of Human Jan Resources Development, Jan Shikshan Shikshan Sansthan was transferred to the Ministry of Sansthan in Skill Development & Entrepreneurship in April 2000 2018.

Aspirational Skilling 3rd October o The programme is implemented in 117 Abhiyan 2018-19 2018 Districts across 28 State. o It involves identification of challenges for skill development and co-creating customized solutions to help the districts overcome these challenges.

Skill Saathi- Career 1 August o To counsel 1 crore candidates from the age Counselling Scheme 2018 group of 15– 35 years focusing on School & College drop-outs, young adults o Inform the youth of India about vocational education and its opportunities.

MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT

Scheme Launched in/on Objective

Swasth Bachche, 2017 o The programme is an initiative of Kendriya Swasth Bharat Vidyalaya Sangathan (KVS) to prepare a physical Health and Fitness Profile Card for

more than 12 lakhs of Kendriya Vidyalaya students. o To provide a comprehensive and inclusive report card for children covering all age groups and children of different abilities. o To make students, teachers and parents aware about the importance of good health and fitness and encouraging 60 minutes of play each day.

PM Vittiya 2016 o To create awareness among people about

Saksharata Abhiyan digital economy and cashless modes of transactions

Udaan- Giving Approved in o It is a project launched by Central Board of Wings to Girl 2019 Secondary Education (CBSE) Students o To address the low enrolment of girl students in prestigious engineering institutions and the teaching gap between school education & engineering entrance examination o To enrich the teaching & learning of Science and Mathematics at School level by addressing the three dimensions of education - curriculum design, transaction and assessments.

Samagra Shiksha 2018 o It is an overarching programme for the school education sector extending from pre- school to class 12 o Provision of quality education and enhancing learning outcomes of students o Bridging Social and Gender Gaps in School Education; Ensuring equity and inclusion at all levels of school education

o Ensuring minimum standards in schooling provisions; Promoting Vocationalisation of education

Impactful Policy August 2018 o To encourage social science research in Research in Social policy relevant areas so as to provide vital Science inputs in policy-formulation, implementation (IMPRESS) and evaluation o To identify and fund research proposals in social sciences o To provide opportunity for social science researchers in any institution in the country

Scheme for August 2018 o Improving the research ecosystem of India’s Promotion of higher educational institutions by facilitating Academic and academic and research collaborations Research between Indian Institutions and the best Collaboration institutions in the world. (SPARC) o 600 joint research proposals will be awarded for 2 years

Scheme for 28 February o Translational and 2019 o The STARS project will be coordinated by Advanced Research the Indian Institute of Science (IISc),

in Science- STARS Bangalore. o The Rs 250 crore worth of funds will be used for around 500 science projects.

National Digital 2016 o To integrate several national and library of India international digital libraries in one single web-portal. The NDLI provides free of cost access to many books in English and the Indian languages o It is available in 10 languages

Leadership for November 2018 o It is a three weeks Flagship leadership Academicians development training programme (2 weeks Program (LEAP) domestic and one week foreign training) for second level academic functionaries in public funded higher education institutions. o The main objective is to prepare second tier academic heads who are potentially likely to assume leadership roles in the future.

Annual Refresher November 2018 o It is a major and unique initiative of online Programme In professional development of 15 lakh higher Teaching (ARPIT) education faculty using the MOOCs platform SWAYAM. o 75 discipline-specific institutions are tasked to prepare online training material with focus on latest developments in the discipline, new & emerging trends, pedagogical improvements and methodologies for transacting revised curriculum.

SHREYAS- Scheme April 2019 o To improve employability of students b for Higher o To forge a close functional link between Education Youth in education and industry Apprenticeship and o To provide skills which are in demand, Skills o To establish an ‘earn while you learn’ system i o To help business/industry in securing good quality manpower. o To link student community with employment facilitating efforts of the Government.

'Study Webs of 2014 o It is a programme for online education Active Learning for through which online programmes/courses Young Aspiring will be offered to students in India

Minds' o US universities will be invited to offer post- (SWAYAM), graduate academic programs with certification on the SWAYAM platform. o The objective is to ensure that the every student in our country has access to the best quality higher education at the affordable cost.

Operation Digital 20 February o Board 2019 o To convert a class room into a digital class room and provide e-resources at any time and at any place to students. o The digital board is introduced all over the country in government and government aided schools from class 9th onwards as well as in higher education institutions. o It is implemented in the Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) by the University Grants Commission (UGC).

Diksha 2017 o It will aid teachers to learn and train Portal- National themselves for which assessment resources Teachers Platform will be available. It will help teachers to for India create training content, profile, in-class resources, assessment aids, news and announcement and connect with teacher community.

E-Pathshala 2015 o It is a web portal which hosts educational resources for Students, Teachers, Parents, researchers and educators

Shaala Siddhi 2015 o It is a comprehensive instrument for school evaluation which enables the schools to evaluate their performance in more focused

and strategic manner to facilitate them to make professional judgement for continuous improvement.

Saransh 2015 o It is a tool which allows the schools to identify areas of improvement in students, teachers and curriculum to facilitate and implement change. The platform is presently available for classes 9th to 12th

ShaGun 18 January 2017 o It is a dedicated web portal for the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan o It aims to capture and showcase innovations and progress in Elementary Education sector of India by continuous monitoring of the flagship scheme

Prime Minister’s 2019 o To attract the bright and meritorious Research Fellows students into research within the country, (PMRF) attractive fellowship is given. Selected students are given fellowship for 5 years - Rs.70,000/- per month for the first two years, Rs. 75,000/- per month in the third year and Rs.80,000 per month in 4th and 5th year with an annual research grant of Rs. 2 lakh.

IMPacting Research 2015 o It is the first of its kind MHRD supported INnovation and Pan-IIT + IISc joint initiative to address the Technology major science and engineering challenges (IMPRINT) India that India must address and champion to enable, empower and embolden the nation for inclusive growth and self-reliance

Unnat Bharat 2014 o To connect institutions of higher education,

Abhiyan including (IITs), (NITs) and Indian Institutes of Science Education & Research (IISERs)

etc. with local communities to address the development challenges through appropriate technologies. o Providimg rural India with professional resource support from institutes of higher education ,especially those which have acquired academic excellence in the field of Science, Engineering & Technology and Management

Uchchtar Aavishkar 2016 o To promote industry-specific need-based Abhiyan research in the educational institutions to keep up the competitiveness of the Indian industry in the global market o To make students more accustomed with the outer world and give them a market oriented mindset o Implemented by Department of Higher Education.

Rashtriya Avishkar 2018 o To encourage children towards learning Abhiyan Science and Mathematics and to develop their interest through activities related to Science and Mathematics o To strengthen school Science and Mathematics laboratories, through the Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA)

Trainee Teacher 2019 o It has been initiated in NITs with the Scheme objective to attract, motivate and sponsor best graduate engineers for part time M.Tech and Ph.D. programmes.

Global Initiative for 30 November, o To invite distinguished academicians, Academics Network 2015 entrepreneurs, scientists, experts from (GIAN) premier institutions from across the world, to teach in the higher educational institutions in India

PRAGATI - ______o It is a scheme of AICTE aimed at providing Providing assistance for Advancement of Girls Assistance for Girls’ participation in Technical Education. Advancement in o Number of scholarships per annum: 400 Technical Education ‘One Girl’ per family and it can be extended Initiative for Two Girl Child per family where the family income is less than Rs. 8 Lakh /annum o The scholarship amount is Rs. 30,000 or tuition fees or actual whichever is less and Rs. 2000 / month for ten months as contingency allowance.

Saksham ______o It is a scheme of AICTE aimed at providing encouragement and support to specially abeled children to pursue Technical Education o Number of scholarships per annum: 1000 o For Specially Abled students whose family income is less than Rs. 8 lakhs per annum o Amount of scholarship: Tuition Fee of Rs. 30000/- or at actual, whichever is less and Rs. o 2000/- per month for 10 months as incidentals each year.

Ishan Uday ______o UGC launched this scheme for students of North East Region from the academic session 2014-15. o The Scheme envisages grant of 10,000 scholarships to students from NERRegion whose parental income is below Rs. 4.5 lakh per annum. o would be provided scholarship ranging from Rs. 3,500 to 5,000 per month for studying at under graduate level in Colleges/Universities of the country.

Ishān Vikās 30 November, o It is a comprehensive plan to bring selected 2015 students from the school and college levels from the North-Eastern states into close contact with the IITs, NITs and IISERs during their vacation periods. A typical visit is envisaged for a period of ten days to one of these institutions

Padhe Bharat Badhe 26 August, 2014 o To focus on the quality of foundational Bharat learning so that each child attains appropriate learning levels in classes I and II for reading, writing language comprehension and numeracy. o It is a sub-component of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan(SSA) and is being rolled out by 17 States and UTs.

Shaala Darpan 2015 o To provide mobile access to parents of students of Government and Government aided schools. o Parents can view updates on their child’s progress. They can view records of

attendance, assignments and achievements of their child.

National 29 September o It evaluates each higher education institution Institutional 2015 on 5 broad parameters namely Ranking Framework teaching/learning resources, research, (NIRF) graduation outcomes, outreach/inclusive nature and the public perception. The Ranks will be declared on the first Monday of April every year.

Mid Day Meal 15 August 1995 o Every child in every Government and Scheme Government aided primary school, Education Guarantee Scheme (EGS) and Alternative & Innovative Education (AIE) centres, was to be served a prepared Mid Day Meal with a minimum content of 300 calories of energy and 8-12 gram protein per day for a minimum of 200 days.

Vidyanjali 2016 o Providing volunteer teachers to government run schools o It is aimed at promoting the government education system through skill development o The scheme aims to impart life skills in to the children studying in government schools o The scheme is launched under Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan

MINISTRY OF POWER

Scheme Launched Objective in/on

SAUBHAGYA or PM September, o To provide free electricity connections to all Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar 2017 households (both APL and poor families) in rural Yojana areas and poor families

Deen Dayal 25 July o To facilitate 24x7 supply of power. Upadhyaya Gram 2015 o Feeder separation to ensure sufficient power to

Jyoti Yojana farmers and regular supply to other consumers o Improvement of Sub-transmission and distribution network o Metering to reduce the losses o Scheme has an outlay of Rs 76000 Cr for under which Government of India shall provide Grant of Rs 63000 Cr

Integrated Power 2014 o Strengthening of sub-transmission and Development Scheme distribution network in the urban areas; o Metering of distribution transformers /feeders / consumers in the urban areas.

Ujwal DISCOM 5 o Financial Turnaround Assurance Yojana- November, o Operational improvement

UDAY 2015 o Reduction of cost of generation of power o Development of Renewable Energy o Energy efficiency & conservation

Pradhan Mantri Ji- 28 o "Pradhan Mantri JI-VAN (Jaiv Indhan-

Van Yojana February Vatavaran Anukool fasal awashesh Nivaran) 2019 Yojana aims at providing financial support to Integrated Bioethanol Projects using lignocellulosic biomass and other renewable feedstock.

Street Lighting 2015 o To replace 3.5 crore conventional street lights National Programme with energy efficient LED lights. (SLNP)

o To replace 1.34 crore conventional street lights with energy efficient LED street lights by March 2019. o The project has been implemented across 28 states and union territories.

Unnat Jyoti by 1 May o To provide LED bulbs to domestic consumers Affordable LED for 2015 with a target to replace 77 crore incandescent All- UJALA bulbs with LED bulbs by March, 2019. o It replaced the "Bachat Lamp Yojana". Th

Street Lighting 2015 o To replace 3.5 crore conventional street lights National Programme with energy efficient LED lights. (SLNP) o To replace 1.34 crore conventional street lights with energy efficient LED street lights by March 2019. o The project has been implemented across 28 states and union territories.

SAATHI Initiative 2018 o Ministry of Textiles and Ministry of Power jointly launched this initiative in order to sustain and accelerate the adoption of energy efficient textile technologies in the powerloom sector and cost savings due to use of such technology.

PRAAPTI App and 2018 o PRAAPTI-Payment Ratification And Analysis in Web portal Power procurement for bringing Transparency in Invoicing of generators o To bring transparency in power purchase transactions between Generators and Discoms.

TARANG Mobile 2016 o Transmission App for Real Time Monitoring & App & Web Portal Growth- TARANG o Introduction of the electronic platform shall enhance ease, accountability & transparency and

would boost confidence of investors in power transmission sector. o It is a powerful monitoring tool that tracks upcoming transmission projects and monitor the progress of Inter-State & Intra-State transmission systems in the country

‘e-Trans’ web 2016 o It is a platform for e-bidding and e-reverse platform auction for Tariff Based Competitive Bidding (TBCB) in transmission projects.

DEEP (Discovery of April o It is portal for medium term (1-5 years) purchase Efficient Electricity 2019 of power Price) o It will provide a common e-bidding platform with e-reverse auction facility to facilitate nation- wide power procurement through a wider network so as to bring uniformity and transparency in the process of power procurement.

“URJA” (Urban Jyoti 16 June o It is a digital initiative to place before the Abhiyaan) 2016 people, the performance of Distribution Utilities (Discoms) in IT enabled towns, with a vision to generate a sense of positive competition amongst the stakeholders and urge all concerned for better performance in all consumer centric parameters.

Merit 2017 o Facilitating flexible coal swap between state-run and private plants and aweb portal to make electricity purchase by states transparent.

MINISTRY OF PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS

Scheme Launched Objective in/on

Pradhan 1 May o To distribute 50 million LPG connections to women of Mantri 2016 BPL families. Ujjwala

Yojana

Pradhan September o To distribute LPG connections among rural areas where Mantri LPG 2017 conventional fuel is used for domestic purposes. Panchayat scheme

Start-up 2014 o To develop new business models, marketing plans, Sangam technology and innovations in heavy oil and gas industry sector by supporting 30 start-ups. o 10 oil and gas PSUs have setup Rs. 320-crore venture capital fund to encourage start-ups based on innovative ideas in the energy sector.

Urja Ganga 24 o A pipeline of length 2540 km is planned to be laid across Gas Pipeline October the states from Uttar Pradesh to Odisha. Project 2016

Unnat Jyoti by 1 May o To provide LED bulbs to domestic consumers with a Affordable 2015 target to replace 77 crore incandescent bulbs with LED LED for All- bulbs by March, 2019. UJALA o It replaced the "Bachat Lamp Yojana". Th

PAHAL 1st June o It requires the consumer to mandatorily have an 2013 number for availing LPG Subsidy. o It helps in identifying ‘ghost’ accounts, multiple accounts and inactive accounts. This has helped in curbing diversion of subsidized LPG to commercial purposes

SATAT 1 o SATAT- Sustainable Alternative Towards Affordable Initiative October, Transportation 2018 o The initiative is aimed at providing a Sustainable Alternative Towards Affordable Transportation (SATAT)

as a developmental effort that would benefit both vehicle- users as well as farmers and entrepreneurs. MINISTRY OF SOCIAL JUSTICE & EMPOWERMENT

Scheme Launched Objective in/on

Pradhan 2009-10 o Integrated development of selected villages having more Mantri than 50% Scheduled Caste (SC) population through Adarsh Gram implementation of existing scheme of Central and State Yojana Governments in a convergent manner and by utilization of gap filling funds provided as Central Assistance

Inclusive 2017 o Providing Senior Citizens, belonging to BPL category and India suffering from age related disabilities/ infirmities, with Initiative such physical aids and assisted living devices which can restore near normalcy in their bodily functions. Under the Scheme, assisted living devices such as Walking Sticks, Elbow Crutches, Walkers/ Crutches, Tripods/ Quadpods, Hearing Aids, Wheelchairs, Artificial Dentures and Spectacles are provided free of cost to the beneficiary senior citizens.

Rashtriya 1 April, o Strengthening of sub-transmission and distribution Vayoshri 2017 network in the urban areas; Yojana o Metering of distribution transformers /feeders / consumers in the urban areas.

Accessible 2015 o To enable persons with disabilities to gain universal India access, equal opportunity for development, independent Campaign living and participation in an inclusive society in all or Sugamya aspects of life. Bharat Abhiyan

Deendayal 2017 o Disabled o To give an equal priority and reverence to the physically Rehabilitation challenged persons and to inspire pride in the disabled Scheme persons o To end the stigmatization and biases with the disabled persons o To change the mind set of people towards those who are differently abled persons and try to give a superior life o To give financial sustenance to the disable people for the treatment

MINISTRY OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY

Scheme Launched Objective in/on

Creative India; 2017 o Raising IPR awareness amongst students, youth, Innovative India authors, artists, budding inventors and professionals to inspire them to create, innovate and protect their creations and inventions across India

Merchandise 1 April o to promote export of notified goods manufactured/ Export from 2015 produced in India. India Scheme

Startup India 16 o To catalyse startup culture and build a strong and January, inclusive ecosystem for innovation and 2016 entrepreneurship in India.

Make in India 25 o To make India the hub of manufacturing, India has September emerged as one of the fastest growing economies. 2014

Trade 15 March o To enhance export competitiveness. Various state Infrastructure 2016 governments have been requesting for the support of for Export the Central Government to create export infrastructure.

Scheme” (TIES)

MINISTRY OF ROAD TRANSPORT AND HIGHWAYS

Scheme Launched Objective in/on

FASTag 2014 o Is an electronic toll collection system in India. o It is operated by the National Highway Authority of India o It uses Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology for making toll payments directly from the prepaid or savings account linked to it.

Setu 2016 o For building bridges for safe and seamless travel on Bharatam National Highways Programme o To make all National Highways free of railway level crossings by 2019.

VAHAN 2017 o It is an online based citizen centric application under and digitization to ease out the processes and curb corruption. SARATHI

Make in 25 o To make India the hub of manufacturing, India has India September emerged as one of the fastest growing economies. 2014

MINISTRY OF DRINKING WATER AND SANITATION

Scheme Launched Objective in/on

Swachh 2014 o To clean up the streets, roads and infrastructure of India's Bharat cities, towns, and rural areas Mission

Swachhata 2018 o To generate greater public participation towards Swachhta. hi Seva o To mobilise people and reinforce the public movement for Campaign sanitation to contribute to ’s dream of a Clean India.

National 2013 o To provide every rural person with adequate safe water for Rural drinking, cooking and other basic domestic needs on a Drinking sustainable basis, with a minimum water quality standard, Water which should be conveniently accessible at all times and in Programme all situations

Namami June 2014 o To make villages on the bank of river Ganga ODF and

Gange interventions dealing with solid and liquid waste management

GOBAR- June 2014 o GOBAR (Galvanizing Organic Bio-Agro Resources -

DHAN DHAN aims to positively impact village cleanliness and generate wealth and energy from cattle and organic waste. o The scheme also aims at creating new rural livelihood opportunities and enhancing income for farmers and other rural people.

MINISTRY OF FINANCE

Scheme Launched Objective in/on

PM Jan 9 May, o It is financial inclusion program of Government of India

Dhan Yojna 2015 which is applicable to 20 to 65 years age group, that aims to expand and make affordable access to financial services such as bank accounts, remittances, credit, insurance and pensions.

PM Jeevan 9 May, o It is available to people in the age group of 18 to 50 years Jyoti Bima 2015 o The life cover of Rs. 2 lakh is for the one year period

Yojana

PM 9 May, o The Scheme is available to people in the age group 18 to Suraksha 2015 70 years Bima o The risk coverage under the scheme is Rs. 2 lakh for

Yojana accidental death and full disability and Rs. 1 lakh for partial disability.

Atal Pension 9 May, o It is open to all saving bank/post office saving bank

Yojana 2015 account holders in the age group of 18 to 40 years o Subscribers would receive the guaranteed minimum monthly pension of Rs. 1,000 or Rs. 2,000 or Rs. 3,000 or Rs. 4,000 or Rs. 5,000 at the age of 60 years.

PM Mudra 8 April o A loan of upto Rs. 50,000 is given under sub-scheme

Yojana 2015 ‘Shishu’ o A loan of between Rs. 50,000 to 5.0 Lakhs under sub- scheme ‘Kishore’; o A loan of between 5.0 Lakhs to 10.0 Lakhs under sub- scheme ‘Tarun’ o Loans taken do not require collaterals.

Stand Up 5 April, o The Scheme facilitates bank loans between Rs.10 lakh and India 2016. T Rs.1 crore to at least one Scheduled Caste/ Scheduled Scheme Tribe borrower and at least one Woman borrower per bank branch for setting up greenfield enterprises.

PM Vaya 21st July o To provide social security during old age and to protect Vandana 2017 elderly persons aged 60 and above

Yojana o The scheme provides an assured return of 8% per annum for 10 years. o It is implemented by LIC

Udyam 2 October, o Launched by SIDBI in 115 Aspirational Districts Abhilasha 2018, identified by NITI Aayog

o To create and strengthen cadre of more than 800 trainers to provide entrepreneurship training to the aspiring youths across these districts thus encouraging them to enter the admired segment of entrepreneurs

Sovereign 2019 -20 o The Sovereign Gold Bonds will be issued every month Gold Bonds from June 2019 to September 2019 Scheme o The tenor of the Bond will be for a period of 8 years with exit option after 5th year to be exercised on the interest payment dates. o The maximum limit of subscribed shall be 4 KG for individual, 4 Kg for HUF and 20 Kg for trusts and similar entities per fiscal (April-March) notified by the Government from time to time.

Aam Admi 2015 o It provides Death and Disability cover to persons between Bima the age group of 18 yrs to 59 yrs.

Yojana o It is a group insurance scheme providing insurance cover for a sum of Rs 30,000/- on natural death, Rs. 75,000/- on death or total permanent disability due to accident, Rs. 37,500/- for partial permanent disability due to accident. o The total annual premium under the scheme is Rs. 200/- per beneficiary of which 50% is contributed from the Social Security Fund created by the Central Government and maintained by LIC.

Project 2016 o It is a New Indirect Tax Network (Systems Integration) of SAKSHAM the Central Board of Excise and Customs (CBEC). o o It will help in implementation of Goods and Services Tax (GST), extension of the Indian Customs Single Window Interface for Facilitating Trade (SWIFT) and other taxpayer-friendly initiatives under Digital India and Ease

of Doing Business of Central Board of Excise and Customs.

Gold 2015 o The scheme intends to mobilize the idle gold held by Monetization households and institutions in the country and to put this

Schemes gold into productive use and in the long-run, to reduce the current account deficit by reducing the country’s reliance on the imports of gold to meet the domestic demand.

Standup 5 April, o It aims at promoting entrepreneurship among women and India 2016 scheduled castes and tribes.

Scheme o The scheme facilitates bank loans between Rs 10 lakh and Rs 1 Crore to at least one Scheduled Caste (SC) or Scheduled Tribe (ST) borrower and at least one woman borrower per bank branch for setting up a greenfield enterprise.

Varishtha 14 August o Implemented through Life Insurance Corporation of India Pension 2014 o It will benefit the vulnerable section of society with limited

Bima Yojana resources as it will provide monthly pension ranging from Rs 500/ to Rs 5,000/ per month to senior citizens of the country

MINISTRY OF RAILWAY

Scheme Launched Objective in/on

Project Saksham 2017 o It is country’s largest time-bound “upskilling” exercise for its employees to boost their efficiency. o To upgrade the skillsets of 13 lakh-strong workforce of Indian Railways with a single drive spanning nine months.

Smart Freight Operation 2018 o To help plan traffic flows and optimize Optimisation & Real Time freight operations Information (SFOORTI)- o To help Freight Managers to monitor and App manage freight business using Geographic Information System (GIS) views and dashboard.

Rail MADAD- App 2018 o To enable travellers to lodge complaints and get solutions to the problems in real time, the

Menu on Rails' o To facilitate seamless ordering of food 2018

Rail Saarthi app 2017 o To cater to various passenger requirements, including ticket booking, inquiry, on-board cleaning and ordering meal

Digital Interaction to Seek 2018 o To help domestic as well as foreign Help Anytime (DISHA)- travellers by providing prompt assistance Chatbot for queries that they may have.

MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Scheme Launched Objective in/on

Teacher 2018 o Associateship for o To connect the educators to leading public funded Research Excellence institutions like Indian Institute of Technology (TARE) scheme (IIT), Indian Institute of Science (IISC) or national institutions like CSIR (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research) to pursue research.

o 500 teachers will be assisted and they will be paid Rs. 5 lakh yearly, and a monthly out-of-pocket expense of Rs.5, 000

Overseas Visiting 2018 o offers support to 100 PhD scholars for training in Doctoral Fellowship universities/laboratories abroad upto 12 months during their doctoral research. They would be given a monthly fellowship equivalent to US $ 2000, one- time contingency allowance of Rs. 60,000/- to cover travel and visa fee.

Augmenting Writing 2017 o To encourage science writing seeks to tap the Skills for potential of over 20,000 PhD scholars in science to Articulating popularise and communicate their research Research, AWSAR outcome o It carries a monetary incentive of Rs. 10,000/- each for 100 best entries in a year and a Certificate of Appreciation nakshe” Portal 2017 o Topographic maps or Open Series Maps (OSM) containing natural and man-made geographical features including terrain or topography are prepared by the SoI since its inception in 1767 and is in conformity with the National Map Policy- 2005 are available on the portal

Innovation in 2017 o To communicate to the youth population of the Science Pursuit for country the excitements of creative pursuit of Inspired science and attract talent to the study of science at Research (INSPIRE) an early stage and build the required critical human resource pool for strengthening and expanding the Science & Technology system and R&D base.

SERB Distinguished 2018 o The scheme aims not only to reward the best PIs of Investigator Award completed projects but also to motivate the ongoing PIs to perform exceedingly well.

o The award carries a fellowship of Rs. 15,000/- p.m. and an optional research grant for three years, based on peer review of the project proposal submitted.

National Biopharma 2017 o The program named Innovate in India (i3) will Mission witness an investment of USD 250 million with USD 125 million as a loan from world Bank and is anticipated to be a game changer for the Indian Biopharmaceutical industry. o It aspires to create an enabling ecosystem to promote entrepreneurship and indigenous manufacturing in the sector.

Pt. Deen Dayal 2017 o To formulate and implement appropriate S&T Upadhayay Vigyan Interventions for Sustainable Development through Gram Sankul cluster approach in Uttarakhand.

Pariyojana

MINISTRY OF COMMUNICATIONS

Scheme Launched Objective in/on

o A web portal of information sharing on Mobile Towers Tarang 2017 and EMF Emission Compliances, with a view to generate Sanchar- confidence and conviction with regard to safety and Portal harmlessness from mobile towers, clearing any myths and misconceptions.

Pandit 2017 o Ministry will impart training to 10,000 people from 10 Deendayal States/UTs in the first phase.culture, customs and Upadhyaya traditions Sanchar

Kaushal Vikas o Establish long-term engagements and create environment Pratisthans which promotes learning between States by sharing best Scheme practices and experiences. o Department of Telecommunications (DoT) plans to established more than 1,000 Sanchar Kaushal Vikas Pratisthan in future.

Pandit o To recognize the special contributions of citizens of India Deendayal 2017 in the areas of Telecom Skilling, Telecom Services, Upadhyaya Telecom Manufacturing, Telecom Applications in Telecom Skill deploying telecom dependent sectoral solutions for Excellence different fields such as agriculture, commerce, health, Awards education schems

Sampoorna 2017 o Under the scheme at least one village (having a Bima Gram minimum of 100 households) will be identified in each of the revenue districts of the country, wherein endeavour will be made to cover all households of that identified village with a minimum of one RPLI (Rural Postal Life Insurance) policy each. Coverage of all households in the identified Sampoorna Bima Gram village is the primary objective of this scheme.

Deen Dayal 2017 o It is a pan India scholarship program for school children SPARSH to increase the reach of Philately. The SPARSH stands Yojana for Scholarship for Promotion of Aptitude & Research in Stamps as a Hobby.

Bharat Net 2011 o To provide broadband connectivity to all 2.5 Lakh Gram Project Renamed Panchayats in 2017

MINISTRY OF CULTURE

Scheme Launched Objective in/on

o To reimburse the Central Government share of CGST Seva Bhoj Yojna 2018 and IGST so as to lessen the financial burden of such Charitable Religious Institutions who provide Food/Prasad/Langar (Community Kitchen)/Bhandara free of cost without any discrimination to Public/Devotees.

Ek Bharat 31 o Strengthen cultural relations of various parts of

Shreshtha Bharat October country 2016 o Celebrate unity in diversity culture of nation o Strengthen sentiments for National Unity o Showcase rich heritage and culture, customs and traditions o Establish long-term engagements and create environment which promotes learning between States by sharing best practices and experiences.

Sankalp Se 2017 o Envisages an India free of Poverty, Corruption, Siddhi Terrorism, Communalism, Casteism and Un- Programme- New cleanliness India movement from 2017 - 2022

Pravasi Teerth 22 o A group of Indian diaspora will be taken on a tour of Darshan Yojana January, religious places in India twice a year, which will be 2019 sponsored by the government. o People of Indian-origin, whose age is between 45 and 65 can avail these benefits.

MINISTRY OF TRIBAL AFFAIRS Scheme Launched Objective in/on

Eklavya Model 2010 o It is a Government of India scheme for model Residential residential school for Indian tribals (Scheduled Tribes,

Schools ST) across India.

MINISTRY OF YOUTH AFFAIRS AND SPORTS

Scheme Launched Objective in/on

Pandit Deendayal 1982 o Assisting outstanding Sportspersons of Upadhyay National yesteryear, living in indigent circumstances Welfare Fund For who had brought glory to the Country in Sportspersons sports. o The scheme as revised in September, 2017 to provide for lump sum ex-gratia assistance to outstanding Sportspersons of yesteryears

Khelo India Scheme 2017-18 o To achieve the twin objectives of mass participation and promotion of excellence in sports. o To infuse sports culture and achieve sporting excellence in the country.

Rajiv Gandhi Khel 2014 o To provide universal access to sports in rural Abhiyan (RGKA) areas and promote a sports culture among Scheme both boys and girls; o To harness available and potential sporting talent among rural youth through a well designed competition structure from the block level; o To put in place an effective mechanism to identify and nurture sporting talent in rural areas;

MINISTRY OF CIVIL AVIATION

Scheme Launched Objective in/on

DigiYatra 2017 o It is an industry-led initiative co-ordinated by the Ministry to transform the nation into a digitally empowered society. This follows Air Sewa which brings together all the stakeholders on a common platform for handling customer grievances and disseminating real-time data.

UDAN 27 April o Making air travel affordable and widespread, to boost (Ude 2017 inclusive national economic development, job growth and air Desh ka transport infrastructure development of all regions and states Aam of India.

Naagrik)

MINISTRY OF TOURISM

Scheme Launched Objective in/on

Adopt a 2018 o To involve public sector companies, private sector companies Heritage and corporate citizens/individuals to take up the responsibility for making our heritage and tourism more sustainable through development, operation and maintenance of world-class tourist infrastructure and amenities at ASI/ State heritage sites and other important tourist sites in India.

PRASAD 2014-15 o Integrated development of pilgrimage destinations in planned, prioritised and sustainable manner to provide complete religious tourism experience

MINISTRY OF TEXTILE

Scheme Launched Objective in/on

“Silk 2017 o To sustain and strengthen the Sericulture activities in the Samagra” - country. Integrated Scheme for Development of Silk Industry (ISDSI)

Amended 2016 o There is a provision of one-time capital subsidy for Technology eligible benchmarked machinery at the rate of 15% for Upgradation garmenting and technical textiles segments with a cap of Fund Scheme Rs. 30 crore and at the rate of 10% for weaving, (ATUFS) processing, jute, silk and handloom segments with a cap of Rs. 20 crore

Samarth 2017-18 o To provide demand driven, placement oriented skilling programme to incentivize the efforts of the industry in creating jobs in the organized textile and related sectors; to promote skilling and skill up-gradation in the traditional sectors

PowerTex 2017 o It is a comprehensive scheme for powerloom sector

India development, simultaneously at over 45 locations in the country

Yarn Bank 2019 o To avoid fluctuation in yarn price Scheme o The Scheme provides interest free corpus fund up to Rs.2.00 crore to the Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV)/Consortium formed by powerloom weavers to enable them to purchase yarn at wholesale rate and give

the yarn at reasonable price to the small weavers to avoid middleman and local supplier's brokerage charge on sales of yarn.

Pradhan 2017 o The government will provide margin money subsidy to Mantri Credit the extent of 20 per cent of the project cost, with a ceiling Scheme of Rs 1 lakh, as well as interest subvention at six per cent per annum, both for working capital and term loans up to Rs 10 lakh for a maximum of five years.

Solar Energy 2017 o To provide financial assistance/capital subsidy to small Scheme for powerloom units, for installation of Solar Photo Voltaic Small (SPV) plant, in order to alleviate the problem of power Powerloom cut/ shortage faced by decentralized powerloom units in Units the country

MINISTRY OF MINES

Scheme Launched Objective in/on

PM Khanij 2015 o To implement various developmental and welfare Kshetra projects/programs in mining affected areas, and these Kalyan projects/ programs will be complementing the existing Yojana ongoing schemes/projects of State and Central Government; o To minimize/mitigate the adverse impacts, during and after mining, on the environment, health and socio-economics of people in mining districts; and o To ensure long-term sustainable livelihoods for the affected people in mining areas.

TAMRA 2017 o An interactive platform for all the stakeholders to compress Portal and the timelines for statutory and other clearances as it would

Mobile help minimize the gestation period for commencing Application production.

MINISTRY OF EXTERNAL AFFAIRS

Scheme Launched Objective in/on

SAMEEP 2017 o To take Indian foreign policy and its global (Students and engagements to students across country and also to look MEA at diplomacy as a career option. Engagement

Program)

Know India 8 January o It is a flagship initiative for Diaspora engagement which Programme 2014 familiarizes Indian-origin youth (18-30 years) with their Indian roots and contemporary India, through a three- week orientation programme organised by the Ministry

Atal 2018 o For training language experts towards creating a pool of Bhashanter ‘Specialised Interpreters’ for interpretation to and from Yojana Hindi language in Arabic, Chinese, French, Japanese, Russian and Spanish.

MINISTRY OF HEAVY INDUSTRIES AND PUBLIC ENTERPRISES

Scheme Launched Objective in/on

FAME- Faster Adoption Phase I- o To promote electric mobility and the scheme and Manufacture of 2015-19 gives financial incentives for enhancing (Hybrid and) Electric Phase II- electric vehicle production and creation of Vehicles Scheme 2019-22 electric transportation infrastructure.

MINISTRY OF FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRIES

Scheme Launched Objective in/on

PM- Kisan SAMPADA (Scheme For Agro- 2017 o To supplement agriculture, Marine Processing And Development Of modernize processing and Agro-Processing Clusters) decrease agri-waste o To give a renewed thrust to the food processing sector in the country

Nivesh Bandhu Portal 2017 o To cater to both domestic operations and food imports o Enabling environment for businesses to operate

MINISTRY OF LAW & JUSTICE

Scheme Launched Objective in/on

Tele- 2017 o To facilitate delivery of legal advice through a panel of law portal lawyers stationed at the state Legal Services Authorities and app (SALSA) and CSC. o To connect citizens with lawyers through video conferencing facilities by the Para-Legal Volunteers stationed at identified 1800 panchayat.

Nyaya 2019 o Pro Bono Legal Services or providing Access to Justice to all Bandhu

MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES, RIVER DEVELOPMENT AND GANGA REJUVENATION

Scheme Launched Objective in/on

Atal 7 o To recharge groundwater and create sufficient water storage for Bhujal February agricultural purposes.

Yojana 2019 o The revival of surface water bodies so that the groundwater level can be increased. o The Atal Bhujal Yojana will be launched in Gujarat, Maharashtra, Haryana, Karnataka, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh covering 78 districts, 193 blocks and more than 8,300-gram panchayats.

MINISTRY OF CHEMICAL AND FERTILIZERS

Scheme Launched Objective in/on

PM Jan- 2015–16 o Making quality medicines available at affordable prices for Aushadhi all, particularly the poor and disadvantaged, through exclusive

Yojana outlets “Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Kendras”, so as to reduce out of pocket expenses in healthcare.

Pharma 2015 o For redressed of consumers’ grievances relating to pricing and Jan availability of medicines.

Samadhan o Empowering the common man. o To help both consumers as well as pharma industry.

MINISTRY OF MSMES

Scheme Launched Objective in/on

Solar Charkha 27 June, o Implementation of 50 Solar Charkha Clusters across 2018 the country with a budget of Rs.550 crore for the year 2018-19 and 2019-20.

o The scheme will generate direct employment to nearly one lakh persons.

Coir Vikas Yojana Renamed o It is an exclusive skill development programme for in 2015 rural women artisans in coir sector. o Training is provided in spinning of coir yarn. o The scheme envisages distribution of motorized ratts/motorized traditional ratts and other coir processing equipments at 75% subsidy subject to a maximum amount of Rs.7500/- on successful completion of the training programme. During the training period, the women artisans are given a stipend amounting to Rs.1000/- per month. C

Mahila Coir 2015 o It is a credit linked subsidy scheme, which provides Yojana assistance for setting up of coir units with a maximum cost of project upto Rs.10 lakhs working capital, which shall not exceed 25% of the project cost.

Prime Minister’s 2008 o It is a credit linked subsidy scheme for setting up of Employment new micro-enterprises and to generate employment Generation opportunities in rural as well as urban areas of the Programme country (PMEGP) o General category beneficiaries can avail of margin money subsidy of 25% of the project cost in rural areas and 15% in urban areas. o SC/ST/Women/ PH/Minorities/Ex-Servicemen/NER, the margin money subsidy is 35% in rural areas and 25% in urban areas. o The maximum cost of projects is Rs.25 lakh in the manufacturing sector and Rs.10 lakh in the service sector.

Scheme of Fund 2005-06 o For making Traditional Industries more productive for Regeneration and competitive by organizing the Traditional of Traditional Industries and artisans into clusters. Industries (SFURTI)

A Scheme for 18 March o To promote Innovation & Rural Entrepreneurship Promoting 2015 through rural Livelihood Business Incubator (LBI), Innovation, Rural Technology Business Incubator (TBI) and Fund of Industry and Funds for start-up creation. Entrepreneurship (ASPIRE)

Market Promotion 2015 o It has been modified as MPDA scheme formulated as Development a unified scheme by merging different schemes/sub- Assistance schemes/components of different Heads implemented in the 11th Plan, namely, Market Development Assistance, Publicity, Marketing and Market Promotion.

MINISTRY OF MINORITY AFFAIRS

Scheme Launched Objective in/on

Padho 2013-14 o To provide Interest Subsidy to Meritorious Students belonging Pardesh to economically weaker sections of notified Minority Communities so as to provide them better opportunities for higher education abroad and enhance their employability

Maulana 2014 o It is an exclusive skill development programme for rural Azad women artisans in coir sector. Sehat o Training is provided in spinning of coir yarn. Scheme o The scheme envisages distribution of motorized ratts/motorized traditional ratts and other coir processing

equipments at 75% subsidy subject to a maximum amount of Rs.7500/- on successful completion of the training programme. During the training period, the women artisans are given a stipend amounting to Rs.1000/- per month. C

Seekho 2013-14 o The scheme aims at upgrading the skills of minority youths in aur various Modular Employable Skills (MES) including Kamao’ Traditional trades depending upon their educational Scheme qualification, aptitude and capability, present economic trends and industry readiness

USTTAD 2015 o Upgrading the Skills and Training in Traditional Arts/Crafts for Development- USTTAD o To preserve rich heritage of traditional arts/crafts of minorities and build capacity of traditional artisans/craftsmen

Nai 2015 o For making Traditional Industries more productive and Manzil competitive by organizing the Traditional Industries and artisans into clusters.

Nai 2013-14 o To provide financial support to the minority candidates Udaan clearing prelims conducted by Union Public Service Commission, Staff Selection Commission and State Public Service Commissions to adequately equip them to compete for appointment o The rate of financial assistance will be maximum Rs. One Lakh only for clearing Civil Services Preliminary exam Rs. 50,000 for clearing prelims exam conducted by State Public Service Commissions Rs. 25,000/-) for clearing preliminary exam conducted by SSC-CGL for Non- Gazetted Post.

Nai 2012 o To empower and instill confidence in women, by providing Roshni knowledge, tools and techniques to interact with Government systems, banks, and intermediaries at all levels so that they are emboldened to move out of the confines of home and assume leadership roles.

Naya 2017 o The scheme aims to empower the students belonging to Savera minority communities and prepare them for competitive examinations, so that their participation in government and private jobs improves. The scheme provides financial support for free coaching to notified minority students in selected coaching institutions.

Jio Parsi 2013-14 o To reverse the declining trend of Parsi population by adopting a scientific protocol and structured interventions to stabilize their population and increase the population of Parsis in India.

Hmari 2014-15 o To preserve rich heritage of minority communities in context Dharohar of Indian culture.

NITI AYOG AND AYUSH

Scheme Launched Objective in

Atal Innovation 2016 o To promote a culture of innovation and Mission (AIM) entrepreneurship. Its objective is to serve as a including Self- platform for promotion of world-class Innovation Employment and Hubs, Grand Challenges, Start-up businesses and Talent Utilization other self-employment activities, particularly in (SETU) technology driven areas

Aspirational 2018 o 115 districts are selected Districts Programme o Improving people’s ability to participate fully in the burgeoning economy. Health & Nutrition, Education, Agriculture & Water Resources, Financial Inclusion & Skill Development, and Basic Infrastructure are this programme’s core areas of focus.

New India@75 2019 o It is a detailed document which discusses forty-one Strategy crucial areas, that recognizes the progress already

made, identifies binding constraints, and suggests the way forward for achieving the clearly stated objectives.

STATE GOVERNMENT SCHEMES

Scheme Launched Objective by

Krishi Rin Madhya o To encourage and support the Farming in the Samadhan Pradesh Madhya Pradesh

Yojana o To help the Farmers to come out of their debt. o To Waive the Interest on the Bank Loans of the Farmers.

Mukhyamantri Gujarat o Selected students will get Rs.10 Lakh as a Yuva scholarship for continuous five years if he/she is Swavalamban taking education from the Gujarat Medical Education

Yojana Research Society (GMERS) and dental courses. o Furthermore, the students those who are studying 10th or 12th standard with 80% in an exam will get Rs.25, 000 per annum or half of the charges. o Also, the applicants who are pursuing B.Ed., B.A, and B.Sc. will get an almost yearly scholarship of Rs.10, 000. o The state government of Gujarat will give Rs.1200 as assistance each year for consecutive 10 months.

Mukhyamantri Gujarat o Selected students will get Rs.10 Lakh as a Yuva scholarship for continuous five years if he/she is Swavalamban taking education from the Gujarat Medical Education

Yojana Research Society (GMERS) and dental courses.

o Furthermore, the students those who are studying 10th or 12th standard with 80% in an exam will get Rs.25, 000 per annum or half of the charges. o Also, the applicants who are pursuing B.Ed., B.A, and B.Sc. will get an almost yearly scholarship of Rs.10, 000. o The state government of Gujarat will give Rs.1200 as assistance each year for consecutive 10 months.

Unemployment Himachal o Rs 1000 to the normal applicant and Rs 1200 to Allowance Pradesh disable persons per month will be given as

Scheme unemployment allowance

Yuva Andhra o Government will benefit almost 10 lakh educated but Sadhikarika Pradesh still an unemployed youth of the state. Nirudyoga o The allowance amount of Rs. 1500/- will be paid to

Bhruthi Scheme the jobless youth until they get a job and star to earn.

Rajiv Gandhi Karnataka o To boost the IT (Information Technology) sector for Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurs. Encouragement

Scheme

Monthly Pension Haryana o Under this scheme, a state government will give Rs Scheme for 10000 as a monthly pension to each media

Media Persons professionals.

Atal Mahaaphan Maharashtra o To support and promote non-banking business in a

Vikas Abhiyan state o To help and give financial support to cooperative communities to start a new business o To encourage, assist and supervise young entrepreneurs.

Fertilizer Odisha o To provide direct fertilizer benefit transfer to

Subsidy Scheme farmers. o To bring transparency in subsidy scheme

Bhavantar Haryana o State government to fix a minimum support price or

Bharpai Yojana base price of vegetables for farmers because due to natural or artificial disasters, farmers do not get the right price for their crop.

Samagra Assam o The main aim is to bring a revolutionary change by Gramya doubling the farm income by 2022 in the state of

Unnayan yojana Assam to mark the 75th Anniversary of India’s Independence which will happen in 2021-22. o The total financial outlay of scheme is Rs. 30,000 Crore.

NTR Arogya Andhra o To provide a medical treatment to the people of the Raksha Scheme Pradesh Above Poverty Line (APL) at Rs. 1200 premium per annum.

Atal Amrit Assam o The scheme deals with providing health insurance

Abhiyan against 437 illnesses including 5 critical diseases.

Nagar Uday Madhya o To assess service being provided to citizens and Pradesh bring them at standard life. o Inform lower income class people residing in slums in urban areas about public welfare scheme and provide benefit in today.

Baristha Bunkar Odisha o This scheme is aimed at providing financial

Sahayata Yojana assistance to the weavers in the state. Odisha Government has initiated various welfare schemes for the weaver community in the state and increase the reach of Handloom.

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS RELATED TO ECONOMICS

Sectors

1. In which year National Literacy mission was started?

1988

2. Which is the first Open University established in India?

Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University

3. Which is the first country to adopt mixed economy?

Britain

4. What countries are top consuming oils in world?

US, China, India

5. The Employment Guarantee Scheme is introduced first in which state?

Maharashtra

6. Which country tops the first place in consuming electricity in the world?

America

7. Which sector attracts the maximum Foreign Direct Investment in India?

Service Sector

8. Which was the first newspaper in India?

Bengal Gazette

9. In which country TV broadcasting started first?

UK

10. Which crop was most benefited due to Green Revolution?

Wheat

11. Which country is the top producer of Milk in the world?

India

12. What type of economy is found in India?

Mixed Economy

13. Which industry is important among all small scale industries in India?

Weaving

14. How many PIN code zones are there in India?

6

15. Which state has maximum number of Post Offices in India?

Uttar Pradesh

16. Where the first farm based food processing SEZ is established?

Kisan SEZ in Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh

17. In a particular time, if birth rate is more than death rate, it is called as

Population Explosion

18. In which year, did Family Planning Program started in India?

1952

19. Which Five Year Plan gave importance to Agriculture?

First Five Year Plan

20. Green Revolution is termed as development of which sector?

Agriculture

21. Which state has the highest Sheep population in India?

Jammu and Kashmir

22. When was the first Industrial Policy of India announced in Parliament?

1948

23. What is given importance to in Industrial Policy 1956?

Large Scale Industries

24. Which sector is the largest source of employment in India?

Agricultural Sector

25. Which country first introduced Land Reforms in the world?

Rome

26. What is the direct method to reduce Economic Inequality?

Maximum limit on Agricultural Lands

27. Which state has first introduced Agricultural Land Ceiling Act?

Jammu and Kashmir

28. According to which law, Zamindari System was removed in Andhra Pradesh?

1948

29. Which law approved for the removal of JagirDhars in Telangana?

Jagirdhar Act 1948

30. What is the name of the land acquired from Government Land Distribution Scheme?

Aside Land

31. Whonationalized Life Insurance Company?

Jawaharlal Nehru

32. When did General Insurance Corporation of India founded?

1972

33. Which crop got insurance in Gujarat?

Cotton

34. When Agriculture Insurance Company of India limited didestablished?

December 2002

35. In which states land reforms were successful?

West Bengal

36. When National Seed Corporation was established?

1963

37. Whichcommittee discussed maximum limitations of surplus lands?

KoneruRanga Rao committee

38. Who did the earliest estimations of poverty in India?

DadabhaiNaoroji

39. WhichFive Year Plan focused on poverty alleviation?

Fifth Five Year Plan

40. When was the minimum wage law created?

1938

41. Durgapur Steel Plant was started with the cooperation of which country?

United Kingdom

42. Whoallocates agricultural income tax to states in India?

The constitution of India

43. What is the main objective of 1977 Industrial policy?

Small and mini scale industries development

44. Which is the largest continent by population?

Asia

45. Whichamendment of constitution gave responsibility of implementing the family planning to panchayat raj?

73rd amendment of the Constitution

46. Who introduced Economic liberalization policy 1991 in India?

P. V. Narasimha Rao

47. Which city is famous for cycles manufacturing industry in India?

Ludhiana City

48. AIDS/HIV prevention is related to which project?

Sankalp

49. Which is the first state to establish irrigation organizations?

Andhra Pradesh

50. When National Mineral Development Corporation established?

1958

51. Most postage stamps were released with the image of which person in the world?

Mahatma Gandhi

52. When India’s first post office ATM was opened?

27th February 2014

53. Which Telugu daily news paper has the highest circulation?

Eenadu

54. Which human action greatly influenced by environment?

Agriculture

55. Which is the first airport to own by public limited company in India?

Cochin International Airport

56. When was the first cotton mill established in India?

1818

57. Which state failed in consolidation of communism as part of the land reforms?

Uttar Pradesh

58. What is the time period of short term crop loan?

15 Months

59. Which product is exported mostly from Tirupur?

Knitwear

60. Industrial policy resolution of 1956 was categorized industries into how many types?

3 types

61. Most of the public sector investment in India is directed towards development of what?

Heavy Goods Industry

62. Who is the chairman of National Population Commission?

Prime Minister

National Income

1. Who estimated national income first time in India before independence?

DadabhaiNaoroji

2. Which country has the highest national income?

USA

3. Which state has highest per capita income in India?

Goa

4. Which has the both revenue and expenditure of government?

Contingency fund

5. Who calculated national income more times in India?

Phinde Cirrus

6. Cost of production to produce goods is?

Investment cost

7. Who has the constitutional authority to decide tax share of states?

Finance Commission

8. Tax structure in India depends on what?

Tax on Goods

9. State per capita income =

Gross National Income/ Total population of state

10. Which sector contributes most to the national income of India?

Private Sector

11. When was the great financial depression created?

1929

12. Which country faced the severe inflation in 2009?

Zimbabwe

13. Income tax from Employees credits into whose account?

Central Government

14. Which country imports the most from India?

China

15. Products that have the highest weight in the wholesale price index?

Industrial Products

16. Which state first introduced vat in India?

Haryana

17. Which is the oldest tax in the world?

Custom Duty

18. Which tax levied and collected by state government?

Professional Tax

19. Which state has highest per capita income?

Goa

20. Which committee first recommended Value Added Tax (VAT)?

L. K. J Committee

21. When did excise duty start in India?

1994

22. Which tax gives more money to state government?

Sales Tax

23. Last state to implement vat in India is?

Uttar Pradesh

24. Which tax gives more money to central government?

Corporate tax

25. Which government policy related to taxationand expenditure of Government?

Fiscal Policy

26. Who estimates the national income in India?

Central Statistical Organization

27. Which country first introduced monetary policy to control inflation rate?

New Zealand

28. Per capita income =

National Income / Population

29. when was the negative inflation rate has recorded for the first time in India?

1978

30. Net National Product =

Gross National Product – Depreciation of Investment

31. Which will identify the regional disparities?

Per Capita Income

32. A constant nominal price indicates?

Zero Inflation

33. Which commodity is contributing more money in terms of taxes to government?

Tobacco

34. When did income tax start in India?

1961

35. Which are the examples of direct tax?

Corporation Tax, Income Tax

Five Year Plan

1. Who said that a planning commission is need for economic growth of India for the first time?

Subhash Chandra Bose

2. When the Planning Commission of India was constituted?

15 March 1950

3. Who was the first chairman of planning commission of India?

Jawaharlal Nehru

4. Who acts as the chairman of planning commission of India?

Prime Minister

5. During which five year plan the main responsibility of development of India transferred to public sector?

3rdFive Year Plan

6. The first Five Year Plan gave top priority to?

Agriculture

7. Who is called as the father of indie planning?

MokshgundamVisvesvaraya

8. Which is the headquarters of planning commission?

YojanaBhavan

9. Which country started economic plan first in the world?

Russia

10. Who was the first chairman of the NITI Aayog?

Narendra Modi

11. Which Five Year Plan achieved growth rate more than its target?

First Five Year Plan

12. Who prepared the 12thFive Year Plan?

Montek Singh Ahluwalia

13. Janta Government terminatedwhich Five Year Plan before the completion of its period?

Fifth Five Year Plan

14. Indira Gandhi National Disability Pension scheme was launched during which Five Year Plan?

Eleventh Five Year Plan

15. Who was the deputy chairman of planning commission for two successive five year plans?

Montek Singh Ahluwalia

16. Who gives the final approval to the five year plans of India?

National Development Council

17. What is the full form of NITI Aayog?

National Institute for Transforming India

18. Tertiary sector share in national income during the planning period in India?

Increased Gradually

19. Who is the chairman of national development council?

Prime Minister

20. Food for work programwas introduced during which plan?

Fifth Five Year Plan

21. First meeting of NITI Aayog held when and where?

8th February 2015, New Delhi

22. Which Five Year Plan focused on the industrial development of the country?

Second Five Year Plan

23. SarvaShikshaAbhiyan was launched during which Five Year Plan?

Ninth Five Year Plan

24. Which is the first country to implement a rolling plan?

Netherlands

25. When negative GDP growth rate recorded in India after independence?

1980

26. Which international organization provided the economic support to DWCRA scheme?

UNICEF

27. How much extra electric power allocated to eleventh plan?

66,463 MW

28. State income through agriculture during the plan period?

Increased

29. Which scheme is introduced by central government for rural youth from left-wing extremism affected districts?

Roshni Scheme

30. Which program is meant for women farmers in agriculture?

MahilaKisanSashaktikaranPariyojana

31. National Commission on Farmers established in?

18th November 2004

32. When Janata government introduced rolling plan in India?

1st April 1978

33. Who made the concept of rolling plan in India?

Prof Lakdawala

34. Family Planning Program in India started during which Five Year Plan?

First Five Year Plan

35. The Planning commission of India is?

A non-statutory body

36. Who described the Planning Commission of India as the federal system of India?

K. Santhanam

37. Who was the first deputy chairman of planning commission of India?

Gulzari Lal Nanda

38. Green revolution started during which Five Year Plan?

Third Five Year Plan

39. In which year Indira Gandhi rejected the rolling plan?

1980

40. Rolling plan was successful in which country?

Japan

41. What is the main objective of sixth Five Year Plan?

Unemployment, Poverty Eradication

42. DWCRA full form?

Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas

43. Theminimum number of members in a group under DWCRA scheme?

10

44. who is the creator of seventh Five Year Plan?

Manmohan Singh

45. National level free Mid Day Meal scheme started during which Five Year Plan?

Eighth Five Year Plan

Finance-Banking

1. Which is the largest commercial bank in India?

State Bank of India

2. Which bank is playing a major role in the money market in India?

Reserve Bank of India

3. The rate at which commercial banks borrow short-term loan from the Reserve Bank of India is called?

Repo rate

4. Which was the first commercial bank in the world?

Bank of Venice

5. Which was the first bank managed by Indians?

Oudh Commercial Bank

6. Which country introduced paper currency first time in world?

China

7. Who introduced first coins in India?

Sher Shah Suri

8. First state to have bank accounts for all households in India is?

Kerala

9. Which bank controls and regulates money flow in India?

Reserve Bank of India

10. Which is the first state to finance corporation in India?

Punjab

11. Which was the first bank to introduce credit card in India?

Central Bank of India

12. Which bank regulates the foreign exchange in India?

Reserve Bank of India

13. Whichorganizations issue loans to Kisan credit card holders?

Commercial Banks, Cooperative associations

14. Who started the first branch of BharatiyaMahila Bank?

Manmohan Singh

15. First successful microfinance bank is located in?

Bangladesh

16. shares buyers are known as?

Investors

17. Where is the head office of United India Insurance?

Chennai

18. The head of the Reserve Bank of India is called as?

Governor of Reserve Bank of India

19. Which is the largest public sector bank in India?

State Bank of India

20. Who was the first Indian Managing Director of the World Bank?

GautamKaji

21. Who nationalized banks in India?

Indira Gandhi

22. Which is the highest institution in lending loans for rural development?

NABARD

23. Indira Gandhi nationalized how many commercial banks in 1969?

14

24. Who issues one rupee note in India?

Ministry of Finance

25. Which committee recommended the establishment of NABARD?

B. Sivaraman Committee

26. Which was the first general insurance company in India?

Triton Insurance Company

27. Which was the first in the world?

The Swedish Riksbank

28. Which was the first country to receive loan from World Bank?

France

29. Which was the first to issue debit card in India?

Kasha Gramin Bank

30. Which bank was established to encourage industries in India?

ICICI

31. who invented the symbol of Indian currency rupee in 2010?

D. Udaya Kumar

32. Official lowering of the value of a country's currency with respect to a foreign reference currency is called?

Devaluation

33. Which was the First stock exchange established in India and also in Asia?

Bombay Stock Exchange

34. first stock exchange established in the world?

Amsterdam Stock Exchange

35. Who was the first Indian governor of Reserve Bank of India?

C. D. Deshmukh

36. Who acts as representative of Indian government in international monetary fund?

Reserve Bank of India

37. The rate at which Reserve Bank of India borrow short-term loan from thecommercial banks is called?

Reverse Repo Rate

38. Which country has the highest share in the World Bank?

USA

39. Who appoints the governor of Reserve Bank of India?

Union Finance Minister

40. When was the Reserve Bank of India nationalized?

1st January 1949

41. How many nationalized bank are there in indie?

19

42. Which bank has the maximum number of branches and ATMs in India?

State Bank of India

43. Where is the headquarters of World Bank?

Washington

44. Which is the first in China?

State Bank of India

45. Fiscal Policy is related to?

Government taxation and expenditure decisions

Hard Economics Questions

1. When was the first industrial policy resolution formulated in India?

1948

2. How much should be the investment to call an industry as small scale industries in India?

25 Lakh – 5 Crore

3. Which industrial policy laid the foundation for mixed economy?

First Industrial Policy

4. Which state provides employment to most people through industries and institutions?

Tamil Nadu

5. Rourkela Iron and Steel industry is established with which countries financial aid?

Germany

6. Which is the largest source of electricity in India?

Thermal energy

7. Where was the first steel plant established in India?

Jamshedpur

8. What kind of recommendation is given to a free environment for a controlled finance system?

Simplification

9. how many national highways are there in India?

228

10. Golden Shake hand scheme introduced as an integral part of public sector reform in India is related to?

Voluntary Retirement Scheme

11. Bhilai Steel Plant is located in which state?

Chhattisgarh

12. What is the objective of public sector in India?

Industrialization

13. Which industrial policy gave priority to small scale industries?

1977

14. Which industry provides the most direct employment in India?

Textile Industry

15. Which is used to meet the demand with supply of agriculture products in public market?

Surplus balances

16. The main reason for landless farmers to become proletariat and tenants?

Rural Debtor

17. Who regulates the price of agricultural products in India?

Agriculture Prices Commission

18. Which organization publishes the Global Hunger Index?

International Food Policy Research Institute

19. Commission for agricultural costs and prices should add what more percentage of crop cost to determine the minimum support prices?

50%

20. India’s major agricultural products provide the highest value through exports?

Coffee, Tea, Tobacco

21. What is the agricultural product price set by the government of India to purchase directly from the farmer?

Minimum Support Price

22. What is the main institutional cause for low production in agriculture?

Unsatisfactory Pricing Policy

23. What is cause for the slowdown in main crops like rice and wheat yields?

Changes in Weather Conditions

24. In an economy shift of labor from agriculture to other industry is sign of?

Economic Growth

25. Which state has the largest net irrigated land area in indie?

Uttar Pradesh

26. When Agricultural Prices Commission was renamed as Commission for agricultural costs and prices?

1985

27. Yellow revolution is associated with the production of which commodity?

Oil seeds

28. Reasons for suicide of farmers are crop failure, poor irrigation and?

Debt Burden

29. Which crop productivity increased the production of food grains between 1981 and 2001 in India?

Wheat

30. Purchasing power to buy enough quantity of nutrient food for all is concept of what?

Food Security

31. When was the first farmers market (Rythu bazar) started in Andhra Pradesh?

1999

32. What is the original name of SriramSagar project?

Pochampadu project

33. Which is the first state to start funeral program in India?

Rajasthan

34. At the time of independence agricultural price policyin India has what items?

Control and maximum limit

35. Green revolution benefits are limited to areas with which facilities?

Proper Irrigation

36. What is another name of productivity of crops in agriculture?

Crop Yield

37. Who is the chairman of the committee recommended agricultural taxation in India?

K. N. Raj

38. Which committee recommended formation of the agricultural price commission in 1965 by the central government?

Jhu Committee

39. WhereFertilizer Corporation of India was setup in Telangana?

Ramagundam

40. The National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development was established with the recommendation which committee?

B. Sivaraman Committee

41. Who is the chairman of the committee on study of water relationships of the Krishna and Penna Rivers?

Bhonsle

42. Licences have been made compulsory for how many industries after India’s new industrial policy?

Five

43. Which committee recommended for the development of handlooms in India?

Meeraseth committee

44. Asper the economic survey in 2005 which state has more companies in India?

Tamil Nadu

45. Where the first cotton mill in India was established?

Kolkata

46. When Rajiv Gandhi village electrification scheme was started in India?

2005

47. Rank of Indian railway network operated under a single management in the world?

2

48. Finance commission of India has been appointed after every how many years?

Five years

49. What is the rank of Andhra Pradesh in number of workers in service sector in India?

Second

50. When India became member of world trade center?

1995

51. Which industry most damaged due partition of India?

Hemp Industry

52. Which is the largest railway zone in India?

Northern Railways

53. Which country has the largest railway network in Asia and second largest in the world?

India

54. Which law was introduced by the Indian government in 1912 to regulating the insurance business?

Life Insurance companies act

55. Where is BabasahebAmbedkar international airport located in India?

Nagpur

56. Average number of years a newborn is expected to live is called?

Life Expectancy

57. AIDS/HIV prevention is related to which project?

Sankalp

58. Which country is preceding India in telecom network in the world?

China

59. Human Development Index rank of India among SAARC countries in 2013?

Third

60. According to data monitor which country has the highest percentage of global software in the world?

USA

61. Where is integral rail coach manufacturing unit in India?

Perambur

62. Ratio of the number of maternal deaths per one lakh live births is called?

Maternal mortality rate

63. Single payment or installments paid by insured person to insurance company is called?

Premium

64. How many public sector insurance companies are operating in insurance industry of India?

Seven

65. Who has the power to control the industrial development bank of India?

Government of India

66. What is the objective of SarvaShikshaaAbhiyan in India?

Universal Primary Education

67. Who is the chairman of the committee appointed to recommend reforms in the insurance sector?

Malhotra

68. For whose benefit was the national credit fund set up in India in 1993?

Women

69. When did Rajiv Gandhi gramin LPG vitrak scheme Launched for Small Scale LPG Distribution Companies?

October 2009

70. The Common Service Center scheme, which runs in the rural areas, is under whose control?

Public private partnership

71. Which imperial bank was nationalized in India?

State Bank of India

72. Central government has provided funds for setting up a rural tourism center where in combined Andhra Pradesh?

Pochampalli

73. Which is made in the Unique Identification Project in India?

Aadhar

74. What is the scheme proposed to broaden the national highways that do not come under the National Highway Improvement Scheme?

Prime Minister’s Gram SadakYojana

75. Which city is known as the electronic city of India?

Bangalore

76. The industries based on coal, lignite, gas produces what?

Electricity

77. Who developed the principle of macroeconomics?

Marshall

78. What is the situation that does not change the demand for change in price?

Full contrast demand

79. Indifference curve represents?

Quantities of two goods

80. labor wages will be treated as

Variable cost

81. When marginal revenue is positive demand is?

Elastic

82. Who wrote the book economics of imperfect competition?

JoanRobinson

83. Goods with an income elasticity of demand greater than one are called?

Superiorgoods

84. Price theory is also known as?

Microeconomics

85. when a company's product is growing, the company's average fixed cost?

Decreases indefinitely

86. The marginal utility of an object x at its point of satisfaction?

Zero

87. supply elasticity is maximum for?

Log run

88. which goods have upward sloping demand curve?

Giffen goods

89. who introduced the difference between macro and micro economics?

Ragnar Frisch

90. which goods satisfy the human needs directly?

Consumer goods

91. The marginal product curve is above the average product curve when the average product is?

Increasing

92. who proposed the wage theory of profit?

Taussig

93. the desire to buy a product including purchasing power is called?

Demand

94. the land that does not have potential for profit is called?

Marginal land

95. which cost is also known as direct cost or proportionate cost?

Variable cost

96. the fee that lender receives from borrower is called?

Gross interest

97. in which year the Great Depression was formed?

1930

98. Who estimated national income first time in India?

DadabhaiNaoroji

99. which currency has intrinsic value lower than the extrinsic value?

Token currency

100. who said Inflation is a state is which the value of money is falling i.e. the prices are rising?

Crowther

101. What is the total value of final goods and services produced in a country in a one year called?

Gross domestic product

102. After independence national income committee was established in?

1949

103. Which was the first bank managed by Indians?

Oudh Commercial Bank

104. Which describes the relationship between consumption and disposable income?

Consumption function

105. According to traditional economist’s savings are based on?

Interest rate

106. Macroeconomics is also known as?

Theory of income and employment

107. National income divided by the population gives?

Per capita income

108. Which committee recommend the nationalization of banks and renaming the as State Bank of India?

Gorwala committee

109. Securitization and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Securities Interest Act to recover the loans was setup in?

2002

110. Who estimates the national income in India?

Central Statistical Organization

111. Per capita income divided by the total population gives?

Country’s standard of living

112. Which plan policy was cancelled byIndiraGandhi?

RollingPlan

113. During which five-year plan 6 percent growth rate was recorded for the first time?

Seventh

114. In tenth five-year plan which sector has the highest allocation?

Social sector

115. Minimum needs program was introduced in which five-year plan?

Fifth five-year plan

116. Who gives the final approval to the five year plans of India?

National Development Council

117. Which sector has the largest contribution in India's gross domestic savings?

Household sector

118. Tenth five-year plan targets growth rate of?

8 % per annum

119. Integration of Indian economy with world economy is called?

Globalization

120. Which policy is used to reduce the number of employees in the public sector?

Exit policy

121. Which committee was appointed on tax reforms?

Raja Chelliah committee

122. Who made the concept of rolling plan in India?

Prof Lakdawala

123. Who proposed an inverted u curve hypothesis?

Simon Kuznets

124. When was VAT implemented in all states of India?

1st April 2008

125. Which Indian economists said globalization is the process of connecting country's economy with world economy?

Prof. JagdishBhagwati

126. Which government policy related to taxation and expenditure of Government?

Fiscal Policy

127. Which is the largest significant factor of revenue expenditure of Central Government?

Interest Payment

128. Who developed the physical quality of life index?

Morris David Morris

129. RashtriyaKrishiBimaYojana is also known as?

National Agricultural Insurance Scheme

130. Which state approved the contract farming in India?

Rajasthan

131. Which union territory was converted into a state in 1987?

Goa

132. When was the minimum needs program introduced?

1974

133. Which is the most valuable import product in the country?

Petroleum products

134. Which state in India has the largest forest area after Madhya Pradesh?

Arunachal Pradesh

135. Which china company started a special economic zone in Andhra Pradesh for the manufacturing of footwear?

Apache footwear

136. Which land development scheme was introduced to develop uncultivable barren lands allotted to the to the landless poor farmers?

Indira Prabha scheme

137. Which are the high poverty communities in India?

Agricultural workers, handcrafters

138. Which state started rural cyber center first in India?

Andhra Pradesh

139. Through whom the Integrated Child Development Scheme was implemented by the Central Government in Andhra Pradesh?

Anganwadi

140. According to 2011 census which state in India has the highest population after UttarPradesh?

Maharashtra

141. who proposed the Opportunity cost theory?

G. Haberlers

142. Where is the headquarters of World Bank?

Washington

143. Which company is earning the largest foreign exchange in India?

Reliance Industries

144. The difference between the value of a country's imports and exports is called?

Balance of Trade

145. What is the rank of India in Human Development Index 2013?

135

146. A condition where a person does not have the minimum amount of income needed to meet the minimum requirements is called?

Absolute poverty

147. Which state is the largest producer of mica in India?

Andhra Pradesh

148. Women beneficiaries of MahilaSamridhiYojana should have?

Account in post office

149. who proposed the Theory of Absolute Cost?

Adam Smith

150. who acts as a watchdog for international business?

World Trade Bank

151. which was the last state to implement vat in India?

Uttar Pradesh

152. since independence how many times India devalued the rupee value?

Three times

153. what is the long-term objective of the National Population Policy?

Achieve a stable population by 2045

154. while spending government will take care of what?

Publicwelfare

155. Which curve shows the relationship between tax rates and the amount of tax revenue collected by the government?

Laffer curve

156. house rent allowance and drought allowance granted to government employees is an examples of?

Proportional grants

157. for developing countries like India, high returns are coming from?

Taxes

158. From which tax does the Government of India earn the most?

Indirect taxes

159. Who is the first to pay tax on an item?

Producer

160. When was the paper currency first started in India?

1861

161. Which tax is imposed on all members of the community regardless of wealth and revenue?

Capitation tax

162. Monetary burden on a person by paying tax is called?

Tax burden