tt~ APRIL 1962 TEXAS CAVER

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE TEXAS SPELEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION - NATIONAL SPELEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

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A LitTIe: CAVe. BUrt IAl. I UVAL:J"': CCA"ITY • • • • 41 TEXAS CAVER j .u..... O; .TOL 'Y CF :LilIA!. CA'f.:; . UV;,l ...: Co-v il'i'Y , 'l'':':W

A 'f_,tl'lGAL c..v :.. jj\. ~ L\ I ;; LJ V.uu.'; CClJ ,;'"Y •• 41 by Al i ve and Bob Benfer J'A1...:. 0 11'0LCG'l OF BUjt IAL c;,:r:. , I,;V.u :.. CQJ,/ ["[ , Yr:xAS 43 2818 South 39 th s tree t by har ear c t Cr i lcbaug" Abilene, 'I'exas .ur-.:: O!r GAV'''; COliS";! VATIOil • 44 I CC; A ' J:: C"'Ii'r!t.\.L lliXilS • • • . . • 45 l::DITOR ------James b:stes by "illian. l{ . 'r a y STAFF HEE a";HS Bart Crisman "': . A. C . .; . J . V:WIT"': LO./G:!O!W CAVlili..~S 46 George Gray THE Al-,I ::iTA D IlAJ.i Rt;::il::RVOffi • • • • • 47 John Lanier by Jnme~ Heddell ?axton Hutchison CAV''';l{ 01' 'rUE •. 0 "rH: WAYl& J :::;,iIIJIG::i 48 Gerald Roberts T!U:: ItJ:.AG Ci' CAlIYOII S, {J,;LT::; k!; 49 };S 'dS SECm;'rAliY ------Irene Estes by Jrur.e !l Ee tee RE ~ ClliY'::RS ------~l. D. Doyle 13 I BLI CG ,tAdlY OF JJtCHE OLOC Y AIm V''::,ITE:ill tAY;:; Katherine Goodbar I A.L2 0,ITOLCGY IN '1'aE CAV.:: :; or' Yr:xAS • 51 Frank Abbott compiled by Ruben '.. (3ud) Frank James Reddell N E '. S OF' vRCYl"l'O'C:S , eLca::; , AIm Ii/Dl:: F':: ;Dt:t,rI'S 54 .. 1( .. * .. '* AD I TIOt",L CO!U<"::C'l'IO.(:" 0 /·:E ',B8HSIlIl- LIST, 1962 57 CAVE LIVING -- 7000 B. C. 57 TliC: TEXAS GAVEl{ i.s a monthly publication of the ADVEHTI3l::1.J:: ./TS • • • • • •• ••••••••• 58 Texas Speleological Association of the National Spel e ~ logica l Socie ty and is publi.shed in Abilene, TeXRS, Subscription rate is , 3.00 per annum .and mailed ~­ where in the "orld. Naterial for publication should be typed, double-spaced a nd mailed to the Editor by the third ~'ridllY of the month preceding date of issue. The date of issue is usua lly around the first Tuesday of each month •

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THE lliXilS SlliLEOLCGICAL ASSOCIATION I HAD NO I DEA TYIIT RE SPO NSE TO T H I S P"LEO--II" CHEO I SSUE OFFICERS (1962): ',',O'-J L D BE ..."'. G· EftT WHEN I FI RST RAN TH:: I DEA OVER I N MY M/ NO. I "' I " H TO THANK JILL WHO P IIRTI C I , ATED ..NO SENT I N tRTICLES "'NO E X­ CHAIRNAN ----- Dudley Roberts P E ~, EO I ~ T E R ES T I N L ETTERS , 32Cf7 Beverly Lane OF NOT E I S T "~ B I BLl O'RAPHY C(),~P IL ED BY BUD FRANK OF Austin, Texas II LL PUBL I Sh ED \lilT R I ilL ON VERTEBRftT E P IILEON TOL0GY TO DftTE PER- VICE CHAIllr:.AN --- Ruben M. (Bud ) Frunk T AI N I \I TO T ... E CAV E - OF T EXIIS, WE FEEL T H I S I S PERHAP S THE ON- P. O. Box 7635 LY COI.I LET E Ll 3T NOli "V" I I_ABLE AN Y',VHE RE , U. T. Station Austin, Texas 12 OF I MPORT AN CE TO T -I E T ::X " S SP ELEOLOG I CAL IISSOC IPTI ON I S SECRETARY-TREASURER ---- James Estes THE COM ' N BO'RD OF GO VE RNORS \IEET I NG TO BE HELD liT A T I o" E AND 2818 South 39th St. PL/,CE TO BE ANNOU NCED S')ON , SEVE RAL I T El.tS OF PARTI OJLAR I NTER­ Abilene, Texas E T ,o.r-i D I ~'PO R T II N :: E WILL PRO BASLY BE D i sOJSSED, I NCL UD I \lG --. (1) WHET H[R OH NOT THE ASSOC I ,\TI ON WOULD LI KE TO INVITE THE N.S. S. The Texas Speleoloa ical Association is an org,m­ ::O:WENTI ON TO TEXAS I N 1964, (2 ) TH E BEST ~ND EAS IEST WA Y T 0 izatton composed of speleologists a nd spelunkers in too CAHL::I AN NUMBER T:: x .. s ' OVE R 1,114 CAVES , "NO (3 ) ADO? TI ON OF State of Texas (forwerly the Texas Region of N.S. S. ) A R "ORT FOR'" FOR POS 13L E USE OF ASSOC I ATI ON G QTTOES, GROUPS M IO I NrEP NDENT S . PL ~'~ TO ATTEND THE 3. 0 , ':; , MEET I NG , AN D BE Publicati ons include THE Y;>X1IS CAVER, a monthly PHE ~ ~ , E O TO EX~ R ES YOUR I DEhS ON THES E .. NO OTHER ITEMS OF BUS- news magazine, and THE TEXAS Syr:LEOLCGICAL SUHVSY , a I NP' S , THE MEE TI NG \':I'_L NO DOUB T BE HELD SOME TI ME DUR ING THE clearinghouse of all physical dB ta about all known F I RS T OF ,lAY. caves in Texas. Editor of the SU iiVEY is James Re ddell, P. O. Box 7672, U. T. Station, Austin 12, Texas' T'iE ,E I S S T I LL VE RY FEW SUB SCR I PT I ONS c or,I I NG I N. YOUR HELi" I N ETT I NG FR I E ~ D S TO SUB CR I BE \1' 1LL BE I>P PREC I ATED VERY N.S.S. GRO:rr or;s ,\,;\D CYl'1 n,;1t CAVING GROUl'S: EM I N THOS E WHOS E S'-J B :CR I " TIJNS HAVE EXP I RED TO RENEw SOON AS PDSS I 9LE, ABlLEN'':: GRCYl'TD-Bart Crisman, 658 N. Willis, Abilene, Texae BE FO. [ CL OS I NG , I WOULD LI KE T::I APO LOG I ZE TQ P-L"'VtO GRO­ ALAMO GROT'l'O-Hichel Barille t, 2735 Portsmouth s treet, TTO F'OR OVERLOOK I N THE I R 'lOTT O EWS L 3 T ~,10N T 'i _ I HAD I T A­ San An~on:bo, Texas ROUND ALL TH I S ROI)'.'F"J L OF SC ATTERED DE BR I S , BU T D I D NOT FI ND IT DALLAS-FOl{T ,(ORT!! GHar'I'D-Kat herine Goodbar, 6621 SWl­ UNTIL A FE' D;\Y AGO , nyl and Lane, Dallas~Texas UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS GRCYl'TO--Dudley Roberts, 3207 Bever­ c a v _E_~ " T (\ S : T HE RE\IARY.ABLE P I CTUR ES OF lHE ly Lane, Au sti~Texas P LE I TOC N( B[AR JAWS FO'J :) I N N),TURAL BR I DGE CftVE ARE BY WILL ­ SAN ANGELO COLIEGE SPEIEOLCCICAL SOCTh'TY-Royce Bal l in­ I Ml R, GRAY ::I F A ' A.\lTONI 0 , T ~E UOPER :>HO TO 1- T'iE MAND l BLE -­ ger, 2412 ColelTJUl Avenue, San Angelo, Texas THE L OWER HI)TO, THE U""ER LE FT (MAX I LL ARY). S EE ARTI CLE 0 N 0 ,0. ,E 45, PRINTED BY R & R . f£Pfa)JCTI ON CO. 1026 NORTH 4TH ------ABILENE, TEXAS

B E S A F E C A V E S A FE THE TEXAS CAVER April, Vol. VII, No. 4 41 A VERTICAL CAVE BURIAL IN UVALDE COUNT"G TEXAS

by Alice and Bob Benter (U.T. Grotto)

Ae Fred Ma~on, Jr., Ranch, loca­ ly·of mesquite, brush, and cactus. ted north of Uvalde, Texa~, ha~ When cleared of dirt and clay 'ten cave~, ranging from the long­ fill, the cave is essentially vertical e~t ; ~urveyed cave in Texas to a and the walls are practically unscalable. grubby 30-foot ~haft. Indian The cave is rich in bones and poor in TCreek Cave, I,d th its four miles or so of cultural material (worked flint, bone passage is of obvious .interest to speleo­ tools, etc.) l og is ts~the authors included. Except History of Investigations. In for the remote possibility of the thirty early May, 1961, Fred Mason, Jr., began f oot shaft, which is ca.lled, with typical digging the cave in search of water and spe lunker originality,· Burial: Cave, form­ or a connection with the Indian Creek ing a link with the Indian ,Creek System, System. Between May, 1961, and November, i t is really of no speleological interest. 1961, Mr. Mason had reached a level about H01oTever, ,oThen vie\'led from an archeolo­ 32 feet below the surface. At this level gist's outlook, the cave is an exciting which still is the lowest point that he one. has dug (as of April 2, 1962), the cave Burial Cave is the repository of began to open up into a room. The room, a large number of bones, identified as which is mostly filled with silt, goes typiqal Indian- (more or less MongolQid, only to a small pit (which reaches, in a if you did not know). Although Indians grubby sort of way, 50 feet below the en­ utilized shelters for habitation and bur­ trance to the cave.) ial, it is rare for a rea~ cave to be Mro Mason reported tha t skeletons used for either. However, it is ~ven were evidently laid on ledges at depths mo re rare, that a vertical cave is used from the surface of about 12 feet, 17 f or bur ying. In fact, the only published feet, and 22 feet. Below that level, hu­ report ofa vertical ,cave being used for man skeletal material was never fo~d ar­ burial in the western hemisphere is Can­ ticulated by either Mr. 'Mason or the de leria Cave in Coahuila, Mexico~ The authors. Some worked flint was found at aut hors have found or have been informed all l evels. of three apparent burial caves in the The Deposits. When the authors Uvalde area , and have s pent some time first looked at the cave, before Mr . Mas­ working on· the Mason Burial Cave. on began digging, the sink was filled Location and Description of Site. wi th dry dirt and animal nests to ,'Ii thin The cave is looated on the southwestern 'a foot of the surface. Below four feet, margin of the Ed'oTards Plateau. Since the and continuing more or less uniformly to cave lies on the uplifted side of the about 20 feet, as well as in pocke ts at Balcoues Escarpment, the relief is fair­ lower l evels, the second type, Chernozem, ly rugged o The cave is located 75 yards (Ruben N. Frank, pers. comm.), is found. from the crest of a hil'l, and is three­ This type of soil is typically produced quar ters of a mile from Indian Creek, a by calcium carbonate rock exposed to wea­ large , usually dry creek of the type thering, in this case, Edwards limestone. Hhich drains most of northern Uvalde Co. Red clay, of the type found in most of Vege tat i on is sparse, consisting primari- the caves of the area , begins to show up 42 April, Vol. VII, No.4 THE TEXAS CAVER in l arge ~ua n ti t ie s at about 20 fee t and points probably buried at least some in­ con t i nues t o t he 32-foot level. This dividuals there, if not the ~jority. Al­ cl ay i s usually for med by the leaching though the bones from the higher levels act i on of wa ter on l imestone , and may be appear ed to be actually buried (by 11r. consi der ed as secondary de position (Ruben Mason), those on the lower levels do not H. Fr ank, pers. comm . ) Of course, lime - exhibit such a pattern. Perhaps the bod­ stone f ragments are found throughout the ies were merely dumped . ~ or then again, de pt h of the cave. perhaps they were washed. into new posi­ Skeleta l Remains, human. ~~. Ma­ tions by water. However, since burned son encounter ed a large number of human bone was found, and many ' of the long bones t hroughout the depth of the cave. A bones are split (to obtain marrow?), per­ l arge number have been identified by the haps the peoples inhabiting .thff area were author s , but f or t he sake of brevity will cannibal i stic. Cannibalism would explain no t be l i sted her ein. Since the bones t he appear ance of strewn bones at lower were no t scientifically excavated, it is levels. difficul t to deter lni ne lexactly how many (NOTE to spelunkers: Since the i ndividuals ar e represented. However, the authors are interested in Indian remains r ange is pr obably from 50 to 150 indivi­ of any kind (skeletal, flint, . bone, etc. ) duals , with the authors guessing in the in caves, and especially vertical caves, eighties . Some bones were burned, and any spelunkers who might encounter any of many long bones we re s plit in a manner the above could be a big help to the which does no t suggest natura l decomposi­ authors by writing them at: Box 7672, u. t i on . T. Station, Austin 12, Texas , of any su c~ Sk§l et a l Remains , anima l. The material they m i ~ht find. We would cert­ anima l r emains ar e consi dered by Miss ainlyappreciate it. --The Benfers.) Margaret Cridl ebaugh in a paper p'resented on page 43 of t his issue. Cultur a l deposits . A large amount THE NEARSIGHTED PROFESSOR of worked flint has been i dentified and ca t alogued by t he authors , but again, for the sake of brevi t y, will not be present­ ed her ein. The only ma t er ial of any in­ t er est i s several dart points (used on spear s , not a rrOlO[ s haf t s) ,. and a special t ype of engr avi ng t ool known as burins. I The dart points , of t he No l an t ype, com­ mon i n Ce ntra l Texas , a t l east give us s ome da t e f or the ma t erial. They were clas ified as early Archai c, whi ch means ~ I that t hey wer e ,Illade (on the basis of Rad­ iocarbon dates of the same poin~ from other sit es) appr oxima t e ly f our to s ix t housand ye r s ago. Unfortunat ely, none of t he ar tifacts wer e r ecovered in s i tu (in place) , and so the a ssoc i a t ion~s not definite. However, Hr. Mason recovered the points either f r om the cave or t he excava ted earth, and no doubt exists in t he u hor' s minds as to t he ass ociat ions. C CLUSIO S. Obvious,ly , t he cave ",a. used as a r ecept acle for human skele­ ton The l arge numbe r of anima l ske le­ ton f ound i~ he cave mayor may notbave been thrOlffl i n by humans . The peopl e who are r e presen ed t o archeologist s by No l an THE TEXAS CAVER April, Vol. VII, No. 4 43 PA LEON TOLOGY OF BURIAL CAVE UVALDE C 0 U NT Y) T E X A S A PRELIMINARY REPORT

by Margaret Cridlebaugh

urial Cave, located on the Fred The clay particles are taken into sus­ Mason Ranch, is approximately 20 pension and out through the wire. The miles north-northwest of Uvalde, rock and bone, which are left in the box Texas. Mr. Mason had begun exca­ are then' spread out to dry and be picked. , vating the filled cave in hopes After the 'Concentrate is thoroughly dried Bof finding a source of water near his tweezers and a ma~;fying ~lass are used ranch house. The cave, which is situated to separate th~ bone from the matrix. near the top of a hill about a quarter of After picking, the bones are separated a mile from the house, is an elliptically into groups of jaws, teeth, limb bones, shaped sinkhole four feet by eight feet, 'vertebrae, etc. Jaws and teeth are the and has nearly vertical sides. Near the main bones used for identi fication be­ t op of the pit, a series of primitive cause each species has a characteristic hand 1,o1 orked weapons of the Nolan type were dental pattern. As' a general rule, if found , and on a ledge 10 feet below the any bones fTom a particular animal are surface a complete human skeleton was un­ preserved, jaws and teeth will be pre­ covered. At the 15-foot level two more served also. skeletons were found, and again at the 20 I think here it would facilitate foo t level workmen found the remains of the discussion if I followed through with fi ve humans. Bones of small animals were the classification of a particular speci- pr ofusely scattered throughout the entire men. excavated depth of the cave which at the At t his point kingdom, phylum, present t i me is 36.5 feet. class and order are known; these are Anl­ On Nay 14, 1961, Alice and Bob malia, Vertebrata, Mammalia and Rodentia. Benfer ~m the University of Texas Grot­ The separation into families depends on to of t he Nat~onal Speleological Society the number of teeth which have been modi­ visited Burial Cave. The Benfers, who fied to grind food. Those animals which are interested in archeology and anthro­ have four molars and premolars on each pology, went to see the human bones and side of each jaw belong in the family do some digging of their own of a more Heteromyidae; those with just three molar, scientific nature. in the family Cricitedae. On November 5, 1961, Mr. l'lason, The next step is the long, tedi­ Bud Frank, and I made a trip to Burial ous job of comparison between the unknown Cave. At lthis time 75 pound samples of jaw and recent specimens. With the aid t wo cl ay types were taken from two levels. of a binocular microscope, the dental pat­ The small animal bones included in these tern of a molar in the Heteromide jaw is samp les 1-lill be used to gain SOIlle insight, studied and the main convolutions are into the ecological conditions in the sketched. The scaled drawing is then com­ cave area at the time of their deposition. pared with similar drawings 'of ' the pat­ The clay samples w'ere taken to terns characteristic of each genus in the the Vert ebrate Paleontology Laboratory at f amily Heteromyidae. In this case, the Balcones Research Center where they were tooth looks the most like t he drawings was he d according to the ,Hibbard process. -for the genus Perognathus. To check this In th,is process two or three pounds of identification, the teeth themselves are clay are put in 'a box with a screen-wire compared with a Recent specimen of Perog­ bottom and placed under running water. nathus. If they are the same, the next 44 April, Vol. VII, No . 4 THE TEXAS CAVER and final step is to determine the spe­ PRELIMI NARY FAUNAL LIST cies . This i nvol ves comparing the llIW­ nown teeth with t he t eeth of all the spe­ Burial Cave, Texas cies of erognathus avail able. Taking int o considera t ion nor ma l species varia­ Class ~1aLuna lia t ions , the species which most closely re­ Order Rodentia sembl .;: s t he unlmolm i s the s pecies of the OnycOmyS levcogaster - unknmm . In t his case i t i s hesperu~. grasshopper mouse Althoueh is was possible tc break Sigmodon hispidus - cotton rat thj s particular specirr en down as far as Neotoma micropus - wood rat species, in some instances t his is not Ne otoma §.E. - wood rat true. In some genera such as Neotoma the Perromyscus §.E. - field mouse dent al patterns of t he species are so si m­ Perognathus hesperus - pocket mOUse ilar t hat they ar e difficult to dis tin­ Perognathus~. - pocket mouse guish. In t hese cases genus is the low­ est t axon omic l evel a ttainable. Order Lagomorpha ~me n all of the s pe cime ns have Sylvilagus floridanas - cotton­ been i dentified , t hey can be used to de­ tail rabbit t er mine what t he climate was like i n the Order Artiodactyla area in "'hich they lived. Each animalms Odocoileus §.E. - deer limited toler nces , that t oge ther make up Capra~. - goat its ecology, ou t side of which it cannot Order Carnivora survi ve. If t he ecologies are lmmm for ? Methina §.Eo - skunk a cont emporary group of animal, the sim­ Canis familiaris - domestic dog i l ar i t ies in them wi ll indica te t he con­ Canis l atrans - coyote ditions of t he i r habi t a t. If all the s pe cies found are still ext ant in the Also unidentified frogs, lizards, snakes, ar e of deposit ion, the climate of that shrews, bats. ar ea is approximately the same as it was when these animal s V,Te r e alive. If, hm,,­ ever , one or more species are now extinct NOTE ON CAVE CONSERVATION: i n the ar ea , it is, in all pr obabil i ty,an On the recent trip 'by -the San Ang­ i ndication that the clima te has changed. elo College Speleological Society to Long­ The ch nge may be dr astic or slight de­ horn Caverns I was somewhat astonished and pending on the l ength of time involved. embarassed to see carbide dumpings so pro­ The nge of the oldest deposi ts in Buria l minent. After requiring our group to car­ Cave is estil Rted to be betw'een 4,oqo and ry plastic bags for use,d carbide, I was 6 ,000 years ol d. The age was deter mined somewhat depressed. It may not be necess­ f r om the pre ence of the No lan points ary to carry the carbide out, since the which ar e known t o be of this period. we ter passage could cause aeetylene to be There is an unvarified occurence in the r eleased, but the carbide could at least depo. its of the genus Dipodomys, whi ch, if be buried. Remember in caving the safety uthenticated, would be evidence that t he of oneself comes first; second comes t he Uv ~ ld e are was at o~e ti' e in the near importance of the preservation of the cave ; geologic past much drier t han it is a t and l ast come s man I s likes ' and dislikes. the pr sent time. If one is too lazy that he cannot clean up Unfortun tely, up until nOI" I hi s Oim mess , he can at least -hide it to h.:l ve not been able to finish t he identi­ keep from showing his ignorance'. fic t'on, clas i f ication ,and ecologic -- R. E. B. Iy ork on wany of the bones f ow1 in Burial Cave . r port of 1e comp l e t ed investi­ gation will be se t to t he CAV8R a t a lATCH FOR ANNOUNCEfilENTS CONCERNING THE l a ter date . UPCON ING MIDYEAR BOARD OF GOVERNORS MEETt ING OF THE TEXAS SPELEOLOGICAL ASSOCIA­ TION. ITS ALWAYS OPEN TO EVERYONE AND SAY! OIL THOSE CABLE LADDERS PERIODICALLY WILL HOST LIKELY BE HELD AROUND MAY 5th. THE TEXAS CAVER April, Vol. VII, No. 4 45

Folsom dart poi nts '"ith mastodon remains is a typical problem. ","'e want to knOi'l as exactly as possi ble ,-Then t he mastodon died and t hereby ar 'ive at a da te iihich will tell us when the ancient hunters lived. Fortuna tely the Libby carbon 14 da ting t e chnique can es tablish t his date with reasonable certainty if various critical bi ts of evidence can be es­ tablished. First, there must be no doubt he Hill Country C e h I ~ .a.. L- of Central Texas T was a heavily forested region with tremendous ann- E ual r ainfall during the last mil- X lenTi a of the Pleistocene. The last of . the great glacier ice sheets covering that mu ch of the northern hemisphere stayed the flint severa l hundred miles north of' this area pro je'ctile bu t ce rtainly made it a cold wet, and point belongs ,,,ith f of!,gy \filderness where gi gantic mammals the animal remains be­ fought each other for survival. The now cause . norma. l move ment of exti nct bison latifrons, weighing up to ea.rth by r ainwater can shift and four times our l atter day Bison bison, ' rearrange the components. A point had to contend wi th great l i ons lfith found imbedded in a vertebra just as it slashing nine-inch canine t ee th, and the lodged "'hen Folsom man drove in his spear fe rocious dire wolf as well as Paleo- makes an incontrovertable case. Folsom American hunters who often fired great points lying in the same bed of silt as areas t o kill t he game. Emperor elephant, old bones mayor may not be of the same mas t odons , camels , the na tive horses age , depending on the his tory of that par­ (vrhich di ed out l~ng before t he conquest) ticular l ayer of dirt. This is a job call- hUGe gr ound sloths , bear s bigger tha.n ing for the most meticulous detective work Kodiaks , as ,fell as big pe ccaries all by caref ully trained observers. mi lled about in this area and have left It must be stressed t hat no cave the ir r emai ns in a fei., accessible caves . fill ma t erial should be excavated by per- The ext inct animal s r emains are s ons ,,,ho are not in a positi on to evaluate very scar ce , unbelievably disintegr a t ed, what they findo Never to be repl aced keys and usual ly ver y diff i cult to r emove suc- to ancient cul t ures may be los t forever if cessflllly. "/hat is more , the fragme ntary t hey are carelessly r emoved f rom t he only bones recovered are often i mpos s ibl e to posi t i on "Ther e thei r oc cur r ence i s meaning­ identify. One l arge cani ne toot h(a dense ful. Look for place s ylhe re such ma terial ,ateri,::. l usually better preserved than may be found A. nd t hen look for expert as­ other skel et al parts) may suggest anyone sist ance in gett ing t he mos t informat i on of several unrela ted carnivores such as from it. "lolf, H on or bear . Even when enough f..:l ter ial is found to make identifica tion fcir ly cer t ai n , the rea l problem of when the an i mal may have lived r e,~ in s to puz­ de the ser i.ous investigator. The prot- 1err. becomes acute when human arti facts are found i n close ass ociation yTi th the re ma ins of an obvi ously extinct s pecies . 46 April, Vol . VII, No. 4 THE TEXAS CAVER

uch wor k has been done in years past in Longhorn Caverns, but a 1~5. few notes on the recent trip by j,/1:G c C VI 5! T S fifteen me mber s of the San Ange lo MCo l lege Speleoloeical Society and hTO members of the Uni versi ty of Texas LONGHORN CAVERNS Grotto of SS may be of interest. Every­ one wi ll r eme mber those gruesome trips in 1957, 1958 by the Texas Region under the directi on of Harvey Jackson of t he Corpus Christ i Grotto. The trip by the SACSS on March 30 and 31 has been one of the few since the "proj ect", Mr. Clawson, manager of the cave rela ted. Groups of four and f i ve revisi ted mos t of the entire cave and possibly some that was not visited prior to this trip because of high wa t er . ~IT . Clawson said that the cave is drier t han i t has been i n many year s . On the map made by Dave Kyser of the UTSS it is shown that the passQGe beyond S a l ru~de r Trail was blocked by high water in 1958. His map of the cave stops here. However, now area in the near future. We hope that the passage is not blocked. There is about other caves can be found. (I would app­ t hree inches of air beh ree n the water and reciate information on any caves in this ceiling , making it possibl e to continue area before our trip. Anyone interested exploration. After about f ifty feet one in meeting us t here, to look for new i able to stand up and '·Talk. A conser­ caves, are encouraged to do so. In my vative "guesstimation" of 2, 000 to 3,000 files I have only three caves listed for feet can be explored beyond this point. I'1ason County, all of which are vii thin one Mo t of the passa~e is of 'valking size mile of one another. I am certain that but some cr awl i ne is r equir edo The pass­ there are more . ) a e t er mi na tes in another pool impassable (Ed. Note. In the November, 1961 because of hi gh Ivat er " I am not certain issue of The Texas Caver, VoL VI, No. 11 i f anyone has ex plored this passage, but i n an article entitled "Some Statistics I definitely do not have r ecor d of it. It on Texas Caves" by Ruben Frank (Pg. 127) i hoped tha t Ive ;oTi ll be able to r eturn there are 40 caves listed for Mason Co. oon to make a survey Rnd de t er nl ine the This informa tion (I suppose) was taken di.s t nnce bey ond Rl ,lIIlllnde r 'rra iL (if from the f i l es of the Texas Speleological anyone has been i n and/or surveyed it, Survey) 0 I wo ld a p -reciate a letter t o thi s effect. ) In ig ly Passage one pool float­ SELL TEXAS CAVER SUBSCRI PTIONS ing cnlcite crystll ls (cave ice?) was ob­ TO y nm~ FIUENDS AND HELP PRO­ serv d. e arcUess of the significance l'IOTE 'rlUS I NFORliJATIVE NON-PRO­ of our t r ip, members of the SACSS r etur n- FIT (and how!) NAGAZ INE ABOUT d xhau ted , bu t ~appy. TEXAS CAVE S, TEXAS CAVERS, AND On t he r e urn tri.p home five mem­ TEXAS CAVING NEWS! b r, t ook time to loc t e Bat Cave Cavern outh of 1a on . We ar rived there just as Name and address and 3.00 is all \ole need . th veni ba t flight begnno Ano t he r cave ,ves t of the bat cave PLA1~ NOW TO AT'rEND THE 18TH ANNUAL CON­ Iva located bef or e r eturning to San VE N'r ION OF THE NA'rIONAL SPELEOLOGI CAL An 10. '.. Ie re plmmine a trip for thi s SOCIETY , CUSTER, S. D. JUNE 13-16, 1962! !! T~~~_TE_XAS____ CA_VE __ R______A~pr_l-·l~, __ V_O-l .--V_I_I~,_N_O_. __4______47 T 1E AM STAD DAM RESERVOI R by James Reddell

ne of the mos t importan t and The major archaeological work disastrous speleological and arch­ done in the area has been since 1958 when eological events in Texas history the reconnaisance survey of the reservoir will occur in 1964 with the com­ area ,,,as made by the Inter-Agency Archaeo­ pletion of the Amistad Dam. The logical Salvage Program. Prior to that Odam ,-Till cause the flooding of one of the the Witte Memorial Museum and the South­ mos t beautiful parts of Texas, as well as west Texas Archaeological Society made the destruction of some of the most im­ limited studies in the 1930's of the portant archeological sites in the state. Shumla Caves on the Rio Grande and Eagle Also directly and indirectly involved in Cave near Langtry. In 1932 the Univer­ t he formation of the reservoir are numer­ sity of Texas aarried out brief excava­ ous Texas caves. tions at the Fate Bell Rockshelter in The dam is to be located on the Seminole Canyon, but only a small portion Ri o Gr ande about 12 miles above Del Rio of the site was excavated. Other work 3nd one mile below the mouth of Devil's l ~s been done in Horseshoe Cave on Cow River. It was begun in 1960 in accord­ Creek and I>lurrah Cave on the Pecos, but ance ,,,ith the Water Treaty of 1944 be­ all of this wor k has been limited in tlvee n Mexico and The Uni,ted states. The scope. dam will be completed in 1964. The sur­ In 1958 an archaeological survey face of the conservation and flood pools was begun by John A Graham and W.A. Davis wi l l be at elevations of 1,117.0 feet and under the supervision of Edward B. Jelks. 1,140. 4 feet respectively. Wa ter will be Intensive searching by air and l and re·­ impounded in the canyons of the Rio sulted in the loca tion of several hundred Grande, Pe cos, and Devil's Rivers, as sites to be investiga ted before the com­ we ll as humerous tributary canyons. The pletion of the dam. Doubtless this still re se l~oir will obtain a maximum length of represents only a portion of the totalma­ 75-80 miles on t he Rio Grande and willex­ t er ial to be found in the area , but the tend 18-20 miles up the Pecos River and l ack of time, money, and man-power has 30 or more miles up the Devil's River. A forced the neglecting of many promising total storage capacity of 5,977,000 acre­ sites. fee t is planned. Although numerous open sites and Numerous caves and dee p overhangs river terrace sites are in the reservoir, are to be found in the canyon walls of including the spectacular paleo-American the reservoir site. These forllled ideal sit e on the mou th of the Devil's River, habi tation sites, being as they are near only a f ew of the mos t important shelter ~ rrnane nt springs and streams. As a re­ sites ,,,ill be discussed below. sult, they are among the richest archeo­ Already ment i oned are the Fate logical sites in the country. One flood Bell Rockshelter, Eagle Cave, Shu mla in the dr y shelters will be sufficient to Caves and Murrah Cave. The Fate - Bell des tray artifacts preserved for thousands Shelter measures over 500 fee t across and of years. Those sites above the level of has a de pth of 110-140 feet. There arean the l ake and therefore not flooded, will estimated 10-15 feet of deposit s , as well neverthel ess be easily accessible t o van­ as a series of artistically executed pic­ d~ li sm by pothunters and the like. togr aphs. Eagle Cave is 200 feet across 48 April, Vo l. VII, No. 4 THE TEXAS CAVER by about 80 feet deep. Depths of depos­ era ld Sink, as well as possibly other its r ea ch 15 to 20 f eet. It will be caves in the area . Although their en­ flooded intermittently, s o that detailed trances are well above the l evel of the s urly of i t VIas one of t he prime object­ reservoir, t he grea t depth attained by i ves of the archn eo lo~is ts in char ge of the caves may we ll subject them to a t he s urvey. severe rise in the loca l water table and Am ong ot he r l ar ge shelters to be block portions of the caves. flooded is a 170- f oo t Hide , l OO- foot deep It is seen, t herefore , that the shelter in Sat Rn Canyono I t appears to r eservoir will have l asting and disas­ be rich in cultura l ma t er ials wi t h a t trous results both for the archaeologist l east 2- 3 feet of de Josits. A large shel­ and speleologist and it is important ter in Seminole Canyon conta i ns at least that ,,,hat work can be done must be done 10- foot t hick de pos its. It is 250 feet quickly. wi de by 66 feet de e ~ , but has been badly damaged by va nd ~ ls . Parida Cave , on the Hio Grande , is 230 fee t across Cj. nd 115 CAVER-OF-THE-NONTH: WAYNE JENNINGS f ee t deep. It contains some of the most beaut i ful picto~rap hs in the state , as Born and r aised in San Angelo, l.el l as enormous midden deposits. Int enT vlayne Jennings is 20 years old, married, sive Ivor k has been done and is being and has one daughter. Before entering planned for t his i mportant site. San Angelo College to maj or in history These l arge shelters r epresent a and psychology , he graduated from San ver y small percent age of thos to b e Angelo's Central High School. He will f l ooded by the wa ters of the reservoi r . graduate from the junior college this They should serve to point ou t the trage­ year and hopes to continue his education dy th'l t progr ess can brin ~ to science. a t Austin. Dur i ng the past two years the A Wa t kins Products representative, mos t intensive archaeologica l \vork in the Wayne has another hobby other than caving. s t ate has be en devoted to an attempt t o He ..,orks in the Y.M.C.A. youth program coll ect and preserve as much scientific and coached a baske tball team to a league dat a as is poss ihl e in one of the richest championship with a 7-0 record. and mo ~ t important a rchaeolo ~ ic a l fields In regards to his first becoming i n rrexas. int eres tod in spelunking , Wayne states, J sidelight to the flood i n~ of "To kill some time over the Easter holi­ t he archaeologica l sit es in the reservoir days in 1960 , I tried to find Arden Cave of t he Amis t ad Datll i s the cl osing of Dia­ which I had visited as a Boy Scout at 14. bl o Cave , and the eventual flood i n ~ of a I fO Lmd the cave , and also an interest in 1 r ge nUlll ber of sllla ll-to-l rge caves to cavin~. " Since t hat time, Wayne has caved be found wi thi n t he ar ea. Diqblo Cave is in Irion County, Mason County, at IfY" one of the l a r ~es t and longest in the Cave, Green I' ountai n Cave, and ArdenCave. st, t e , with Rb out 1 mi l e of passage , much He has a lso done c avin~ in Sutton County. of wh' ch is 20 feet by 20 feet in size. He states that the mos t enjoyable phase Althoueh the CRve itself will no t be of caving is the explora tion. flooded , fear s that the lVa t er s of the re­ Along v.,ri th Royce Ballinger, the servoir might run throu h undiscovered present cl ub cha irman of San Angelo Col­ cave pac , aoes and out of Diablo Cave has l ege Spel eol 03ica l Societ y , Wayne was in­ cau ed the Uov. Boundary and \va t er Cornm­ strumental in s t ar ting t he club at S. A. C. i sion to block t he entrance with a wall He nm. holds the office of public r ela­ of oncre t e . A further r eport and mll p of tions memo 't!ayne is a membe r of t he Na­ Diablo Cave is in pr pa ration. Many other tiona l Spel eological Society. cave , both explore and unexpl ored, lie lon the ban,m of 1e Pecos and Devi l's Rivers and are cert ain to be flooded. J OIN THE No S. S. TODAY! Also involved in t e floodi ng Iofi ll be the o LY $7.00 PER YEAR-- 10Hor l evel. of Langtry Le d C ve and Em- THB TEXAS CAVER April, vol. VII, No.4 49 REAGON CANYON by James Estes, Abilene Grotto

everal moderate-sized "Indian" shel ters exist in the 10vT mount­ ains, plateaus, and canyons of S -iELTE RS eastern Br~wster County, Texas. Archaeologically, the caves con­ Stai n a f air amqunt of cultural remains and artifacts, but of significance is the abun ance of formerly inhabited caves in rugged and dry areas. On the morning of March 31, the au thor and Jack Estes left Abilene on an expedi tion to try and locate any cavesex­ isting in the lower Cretaceous limes tone 2reas of eastern Brewster County south o. nd "rest of the city of Sanderson , Texas. Tom Heador of Eldorado joined them and the three of them rode out in car and jeep to a 270-section ranch ,vhere permis­ si.on to camp and explore had been pre-ar­ ranged. The ranch includes all of Re agon and cave floors yeilded bits of burned C0nyon , one of the most impressive of a bone, grindrocks, grind stones, scra ping se ries of deep chasms on the Rio Grande flints and arrovrheads and shaft points, and its short tributaries. interest in these shelters rose. The topography in the Reagon Can­ It was learned from Bud Roark, yon area is characterized by the deep the ranchers grandson, tha t a few months canyons and steep-sided plateaus, capped earlier, several archeologists from San by layers of thick limestone. . From the Antonio, including a Colonel Kelly and vanta e point atop a high mesa near the his wife,· had investiga ted two or three cqmp , in all directions can be seen deep of the caves loca ted farther west and up­ gorge s of Reagon, Spider, Ho p, and other l and, and had done so quite intensively. short tributary canyons, each with spec­ They had a lso located eight to ten other tacul ar bluffs and cliffs of pink and shelters in which they did no excavating, bro"ill limestone. At various places, the but listed them briefly in a report they l ~y~ rs of rock contain long and shallow had made of their findings. Informa tion she lter caves. In especially those caves on t he content of this report is not a­ facine south, there are blackened ceilings vailable by the author a t the present and noticeably large midden deposits in time. front. Of note is the fact that the mid­ The l andowner related t hat other den deposits, seen from a great distance, study on the shelters in the eastern part usmlly fanned out below th~ caves as a of the r anch had been done by members of rockslide, indicated previous inhabitance. the Smithsonian Institute. He did not el­ The expedition was planned with a aborate on their work, nor l'las the loca­ i,rimary interest in trying to locate any t ion and sites of their work reveal ed. cqve rns, and it wa s quite disappointing Briefly lis t ed below are some of 'l t first to find that t he "1,000 caves," the major shelters loca ted in the Reagon me ntione d by the l andowner were all shel­ Canyon area. As far as is knoHn a t this ters. However, when the midden deposits tille , there has been no previous examina- 50 April, Volo VII, No. 4 THE TEXAS CAVER t ion of t he caves lis ted. SPIDER CANYON 7-HILE SHELTERS: Two shel- ter caves loca ted seven miles up Spider Can­ BIG ~ I DD2 ~ SHEL'r ER , A 35-foot shelter lo­ yon in a small tributary canyon. One 'faced cated on the sout heast side of an isola­ north and was never inhabited, the other t ed rnes:3. f our miles from the Bud Roark across the canyon faced south and was ra­ horne 0 The entrance i s 12 feet across and ther large, measuring 30 feet long and 20 trle cave is 15 fee t in de pth. In the en­ feet deep. A large l 5....,foot wide flat t r _nce ".Tas found two grindstone s , pOlish­ rock was in the center of ..the floor and ed by use and va r i ous pieces of 'l'lOrked was covered with two or three inches of flint. 100 yards dovmhill from the cave dry dirt and ashes. A large midden de­ h' IlS anot her sooller midden i n addition to posit spread from the cave mouth down the t he one l ocated a t the cave entrance~ hillside.

J...e EL CITADEL SHELTER: In Hop Canyon two ~_..,,_-= __ 35 I ______~...... - miles from the confluence with Reagon ;If ..,. Canyon and on the left side at the base of large perpendicular rock pinnacles. A magnificent viel" of Hop Canyon ean be seen from the cave. It is a small cave, but has bla ckened Iva lls and ceiling. There SOUTH':IE ST SHEL'fEH. : An unchecked cave on is a s ma ll midden deposit in front. the top r idge of a 101" mesa in an a lmost direct s outh\.;es t erly direction from an Jk'VELINA SHEL'l'ER: By far the largest and oil rig t hree lIliles appr oxima. tely fro m best archaeological shelter found. It had the Honrk horne . sh01m long and continuous habitation by primitive Indians. Very large midden de­ CLIJi F ~llli LTER : In upper Reagon Canyon on posi t in front of the cave, blackened vertica l 200-foot cliff. Entrance to ceiling, partia l remains of crudely con­ t he cave can be made only by traversing a structed fireplace, an excellently pre­ na rrm'J ledge beginning a t the r ight of served graindstone or metate which had the cliff. The shelter measures 50 feet been used on both sides, several scrapers, in l e n ~ th a nd 20-feet in depth. It is a­ arro'"heads and s pearpoints. 'Scientific bou t one (iUa rte r of the distance from the excavati on would probably reveal much top of t he cliff f a ce. No artifacts or more. The cave is 50 feet wide and about r e mn i ns I.;ere evident. 40 feet deep Ivi th lowering ceiling toward the back. Seven miles up Hop Canyon. ilES'r SHEL'rER : A 20- f oot i n diameter cir­ cu.Inr she lter on the vTest s ide of H.e agon LITTLE CANYON SHE LTER: In a small tribu­ Ca nyon from llEA po "e r pole II 38. There t ary canyon not f a r from Javeline She 1 ter. is a hole in the ce i ling a bout hJO feet Conta ins midden deposit and blackened Hide thAt seemed to lead to a closed up­ wa lls and ceiling. per r oom. A t hin l 1yer of ba t guano \vas observed on the floor o No evidence of Little less important, but checked i nha bit nnce. were other shelters: Hop Canyon: CRUHBLE, WIND, AND HA1VK SHELTERS; Reagon Canyon: IVI DOlv' S l ~ LTEH : One-ha lf mile dO\m the GREY and STEEP SHELTERS. Heagon Canyon f r om Cliff She lter and near ~he only indication of large caves llliA p01ve r pole II 38" A 20- foot iVide en­ in the area was a lead on a sinkhole pit tr ~nce f acina s out heast , a nd a f our-foot tha twas described as deeper than 30 feet. \vi e e ntra nce f acing south\1est. It i s The lead was not followed up because of t he )ou t 100 y;1rds ea st of ':lest She lter and miles of rough terrain that separated the sllOive d s ome evidence of being i nhabited 0 cave from any semblance of a road. Til 1'8 \1'1S SOme Guano on the floor and a SII," ho le in he eililiG leadin~ t o a 10:"0,1 upper l evel. DO YOU KNO'Iv' TIlli BASIC CAVING SAFETY RULES? THE TEXAS CAVER April, Vol. VII, No. 4 51

BIBLIOGRAPHY -OF ARCHAEOLOGY --AND VERTEBRATE PALE ONTOLOGY --IN --THE ---CAVES --OF ---TEXAS Compiled by Ruben 11. Frank

The following list of references BIBLIOGRAPHY OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY: was compiled from various existing bib­ l i oeraphies and ''lith the help of friends Adams, S. Friesenhahn Cave faunal list. and a slight knowledge of the literature. Unpub. I''Iansc. To my knoNledge the ,paleontologic refer­ Anon. Fossil bones in Longhorn Cavern. ences include everything that has been TC 3 (1): 18. 1958 published about the Vertebrate Paleontol­ Al-Uthman, Helmi. A statistical study ogy of t he Caves of Texas . The archaeol­ of fossil Neotoma from Texas. Unpub. ogic r ef erences, however, are by no means mansc. complete and the reader Ni ll undoubtedly Cridlebaugh, Margaret R. Paleontology knm.,r of many that are not included here. of Burial Cave, Uvalde County, Texas: To conserve space, the name of A preliminary report. TC 7 (4): 1962 any publication that is r ef erred to more Evans, Glen L. The Friesenhahn Cave. than once is abbreviated. A list of the BTHII1 2: 1-22. 1961 abbrevi a tions follows: Follansbee, L. A. Statis tical study of t wo Pleistocene rodents from Texas. &~ - American Anthropologist Unpub. mansc. Aim - American Antiquity Frank , Ruben N. Cave Paleontology, 'vi th BCTAS - Bulletin of the Central Texas s pe cial reference to the caves of Archeological Society Texas . TC 6 (7, 8):81-82 & 93-96.1961 B~S S - Bulletin of the Na tional Speleolo­ Gr ay, William R. Ice Age Central Texas. gical Society TC 7 (4) 45. 1962. BTAPS - Bulle tin of the Texas Archeologi­ Hay, Oliver P. Descriptions of some Pleis­ cal and Paleontological Society tocene vertebrates found in the United 3TAS - Bulletin of the Texas Archeologi­ States. Proceedings of the U.S. Nat. cal Society Mus. 58 (2328): 83-146. 1921. BTl-iN - Bulletin 6f the Texas Memorial Mu­ Kennerly, Thomas E. Jr. Compar ison be­ seLlin bveen f ossil and recent species of CTA - Central Texas Archeologist the genus Perognathus. TJS 8 (1): 74- EYdSI - Explorations and Field Work of 86. 1956. the Smithsonian Institution Lundelius, Ernest L. Jr. Mylohyus nasutus: EP - El Pal acio long-nosed pe ccary of the Texas Pleis­ NTl,;r·j - The Mus tang , Ne1'lsletter of the tocene. BTMM 1: 1-40. 1960. Texas Memorial Museum 1I1echam, John S. Some Pl eistocene aml_hibi­ SN - Southl'lestern Naturalist ans and r eptiles from Friesenhahn Cave, SPA - Student Paper s in Anthropology, De­ Texas. SN 3:17-27. 1959. partme nt of Anthropology, Univer­ Meade, Grayson E. The saber-toothed cat, sity of Texas Dinobastis serus. BTlI'IJ.VI 2: 23-60. 1961. TC - The Texas Caver Milstead, William W. Fossi l turtles of TJS - Texas Journal of Science Friesenhahn Cave, Texas, with the de­ TSS - Texas Speleological Survey script i on of a new species of Testudo. UTP - University of Texas Publication Cope i a 3: 162-171. 1956. 1!ll'1JI B - vii tte Memorial Museum Bulletin Newcomb , W. W. Jr. and Willena C. Adams , 'ifm SSC - West Texas Historical and Scien- eds. Feature of t he month: An ice age tific Socie ty Circular peccary. NTMM 1(1): 5. 1959. Pettus , David. Fossil rabbits (Lagomorpha) of the Friesenhahn Cave deposit, Texas. Help your paper' s finances •• o o SN 1 (3 ) : 109-115, 1956. SELL CAVER SUBSCRI PTIONS ! Redde ll, James R. ed. Friesenhahn Cave. TSS 1 (4): 16-19. 1962. 52 April, Vol . VII, No. 4 THE TEXAS CAVER

'ell, rd s , E.H. Cave depos i t s . The Geology Campbell, T. No The Fields Shelter: An ' .. (1 ',ineral Res ources of Bexar Co. archeological site in Edwards County. Univ. of Tex Bull. 1932: 73-74. 1919. Texas. TJS 9 (1): 7-25. 1957. elllken, Hol mes A. , J r . Preli minary report Coffin, Edwin F. Archeological explora­ on t he Cave- '.>/ i t hout-A- arne fossil tion of a rock shelter in Brewster Co. f auna . TC 4 (3 ) : 6. 1959 . Texas. Indian Notes and Monographs II Foss i l vertebr a tes from Longhonr Cav­ 48: Museum of the American Indian, ern, Burne t County, Texas. TJS 13: Reye Foundation. 1932. 290-310. 1961. Cosgrove, C. B. Caves of the Upper Gila and Tar.sitt, J .R. Peromyscus from the late Hueco areas in New I1exico and Texas. Pl eistocene of Texas. TJS 9 (3): 355- Papers of the Peabody Mus. of Amer. 363 . 1957. Arch. and Ethnology. 24 (2): 1947. Tunnell, C. Vertebrate r emains from hrelve II Rueco l"iountain Caves. In: The Caves of archeologic sites in Texas. Unpub. Texas. BNSS 10: 79-83. 1948. lhnsc. Davenport, J. Walker. Archeological explor­ ation of Eagle Cave, Langtry, Texas. AR CHE OLOGY: i'1'MMJ3 4. 1938. Dick, Herbert W. The Bat Cave pod- corn com­ Alves , Eileen i!: . Perishable artifacts of plex: A note on its distribution and t he Hueco Caves. \vest 'fex. liist. and archeological significance. EP 61. (5): Sci. Soc . 4: 20-23. 1932 . 138-144. 1954. " Shelter caves of t he El Paso Region. Dietz, \v.H. Shelter burial on Bluff . Creek BTAPS 2: 61-68. 1932. near Crawford. BCTAS 1: 26. 1935. Anon. Dig Bend Cave ~vellers. EP 43 (22- Eisley, Loren C. Review: Ayer, Mary Yo~­ 26) : 139-141. 1937. man. The archaeological and faunal . Anon . Cer el!1 onial Cave , El Paso. Pictur­ rna terial from ivilliams Cave, Guada­ esque ;)outh1ofest. 1 (1): 24.1937. lupe Mountains, Texas. AAn 4 (3): Anon. Texas Cavemen al so in I"iexico. EP 291-293. 1939. 49 (2) : 46. 1942. Estill, Julia . Indian pictographs near Anon No t es and neNS: Early man • .AAn 16: Lange's I'iill, Gillespie County, Texas. 182. 1950. Pub. of t he Tex. Folklore Soc. 4: 103- Anon No tes and Ne"s : southern plains. 114. 1925. AAn 17 (1): 86. 1951. Evans, Glen, Report on cave on the Ray Anon. Pictogr phs from the Diablo Cave s . Niller Ranch, Uvalde County, Texas. TC 4 (4) : 9-10. 1959 . Unpub. J11ansc. An on. Reports nnd editorinl s : (1) some Fenenga, Franklin, and Joe Ben Wheat. An Te xRs cave d':leller artifacts. BTAPS atlatl from the Baylor rock shelter, 13: 163-167. 1941. Culberson Co., Tex. AAn 5(3): 221-223. An on. 'rhe Smith Rockshel t er, Travis Co.: 1940. A preliminary He port. SPA 1(2): 25- Gardner, Fletcher and George C. Martin. 27. 1954. A nm-T type of atlatl from a cave shel­ Ayer, -lary YOUl'lC,'man. The archeological and ter on the Rio Grande near Shumla, Val faunal ma t er j.q l from ,'illiams Cave , Verde Co., Texas WMMB. 2. n.d. GU'ldal u pe Mountains , 'fexas . Proceed­ Gould, Lois. A grooved club and other arti­ i n. s of t he Academy of Na tural ~ ci e n­ facts from a cave seventy miles north­ ces of hilndelphia 88 : 599-618. 1936. east of El Paso, Texas. Froc. of the Be nf er, ' obert and Alice . Ve r t i cal Burial Okla. Acad. of Sci. 9:155-159. 1929. Cave, Uvalde County , Texas. TC 7 (4) Holden, 'N. C. Excavation of Murrah cave. 41. 1962. BTAPS 9: 48-73. 1937. Buckl ey , S. ll. Painted rocks and caves. " Blue Nountain Rock shelter. BTAPS 10: 2nd annu 1 r eport of the geolo ~ i c a l 208- 221. 1938. nd agr icultural survey of Texas Pp. " I-1cKenzie Cave and adjacent sites in 2g- 30 . n. d. Pecos County. BTAPS 13:46-57. 1941. Butler, Ch'1. rles Thompson , Jr. A 'Ilest Horne, Sam . Dating Cave Creek shelter occu­ Texas rock shelter, MA Thesis, Univ­ pancy. BCTAS 4: 96-97. 1938. of Te xas , Au stin, Texas , 1948. (Cont . on Page 53) THE TEXAS CAVER April, Vol. VII, No. 4 53

Jackson, A.T. Picture writing of the Texas Martin, George C. Report on four Shumla Indians. UTP 3809. 1938. Cave packets. BTAPS 7:115-117. 1935. " The Fall Creek sites. UTP 3802: 11-118. " Caves on the Rio Grande. Tex. Arch. 1938. Ne,vs 2: 4. 1940. " Pendants and their uses. BTAPS 13: 9- Mear, Charles E. Folsom culture. Man (St. 45 . 1941. Mary's Univ., San Antonio, Tex.) " picture writing of Texas Indians. In: 1 (2): 15, 39-49. 1948.- The Caves of Texas. BNSS 10: 85-87. Pearce, J.E. and' A. T. Jackso~ A pre­ 1948. historic rockshelter in Val Verde " Proposed: A Seminole Canyon Par k. In: County, Texas. UTP 3327, 1933. The Caves of Texas. BNSS 10: 115. 1948. Perkins, John L. Tonk Creek Shelter. CTA " Trailing Texas troglodytes. In: The 7: 41-47. 1956. Caves of Texas. BNSS 10: 27-32. 1948. Quinn, Jean and Jane Holden. Caves and " V[est Texas Caves and shelters. In: The shelters in Dawson and Borden Count­ Caves of Texas. BNSS 10: 69-76. 1948. ies. BTAPS 20: 115-131. 1949. Je lks , EdT,vard B. Excavati on at t he Blum Ray, Cyrus N. Prehistoric painting cover­ rockshelter. BTAS 24: 189-207. 1953. ed with stalagmite deposit. BTAPS Jennings , Jesse D. Danger Cave. Jllem. of 14: 49-59. 1942. the Soc. for Amer. Arch. 14: 1957. " Transparent calcium incrustati ons Ke lley, J. Charles. The Lehmann rock shel­ over rock painting. Science 96 (2497)

ter. H stratified site of the Toyah, 426-427. 1942. Uvalde, and Round Rock foci . BTAPS 18: Reddell, James R. Montell Shelter Cave. 115-128. 1947. TSS 1 (3): 23-24. 1961. " Arrow or dart shafts tools and prob­ " Kincaid Shelter. TSS 1 (3): 32-33. l ema tical i ncised stones from central 1961. and ;'restern Texas. EP 55 (3): 75-85. Reuter, Paul. Notes and News AAn 13 (3): 1948 . 273. 1948. " Review: Haury, Emil w., .li. al. The Roosa, William B. Sandals of Feather Cave. stratigraphy and archaeology of Ventana ETAS 23: 133-146. 1952. Cave. AAn 17 (2): 152-154. 1951. Sayles, E.B. A rockshelter in Coke County Kidder, A.V. Why are Cave rema ins i mpor­ BTAPS 2: 33-40. 1930. tant? In: The Caves of Texas. BNSS 10: " Infant burial in carrying baske t. 78-79. 1948. BTAPS 13: 77-87. 1941. Ki rkland, Forest. Indian pictures in the " Some Texas cave dweller artifacts. dry shelters of Val Verde County, BTAPS 13: 163-168. 1941. Texas . BTAPS 11:47-76. 1939. Schuetz, ~mrdith K. An analysis of Val " Hi storic material from Fielder Canyon Verde County Cave materials. BTAS 27: C ~ve . BTAPS 14: 61-71. 1942. 129-160. 1956. " Petroglyphs of the Abilene district. Setzler, Frank M. A prehistoric Cave in BTAPS 13: 63-76. 1941. Texas , EFWSI, 1931: 133-140. 1932. Koc h, Peter. Cave-hunting in, the Big Bend. " Prehi s toric cave dwellers of Texas. In: The Caves of Texas. BNSS 10: 112- E~{SI 1932: 53-56. 1933. 115. 1948. " Cave burials in south1ol'estern Texas. Lehmer, Donal d J. Review: Cosgrove, C. B. EFNSI 1933:35-37. 1933. Caves of the Upper Gila and Hueco area " A prehis toric cave culturein South­ in Ne,v Mexico and Texas. AAn 14 (3): wes tern Texas AA 37 (l)i 104-110.1935. 236- 237. 1949. " Exploring a cave in southwestern , Lux , Konrad . A detailed report of the Texas. EFl-lSI, 1938 : 75-78. 1939. t eet h and supporting structures as Smith, Carlyle S. In: Notes and News. found in crania of Aycock Shelter. Southern Pl ains. AAn 17 (1): 86. 1951 BCTAS 2: 39-42. 1936. Smith, Victor J. Some notes on dry rock 'Brti n, Ge orge C. Archaeological explor­ shelters in we s tern Texas. AA 29 (2): rati on of the Shumla Caves. ~1B 3. 286-290. 1927. 1933. (Continued on P. 54.) 54 April, Vol. VII, No. 4 THE TEXAS CAVER Smith, Victor J . uller Ro ckshe lter, a r e­ Wormington, H. M. Ancient man in North Am­ port on dry r ock shelter excavation in erica. Denver r'iuseum of Natural Hist­ the Big Bend Region of Texas . WTHSSC ory 4 (fourth ed.). 1957. 1. 1932. " Carved Rockshelter, a report on dr y rockshelter excava t i on in the Bi g Bend in Texas. HTHSSC 2. 1933 . " The rela tion of the Southwestern Ba.s­ N E w s ket Maker to the dry shelt er culture of t he Big Bend. BT PS 4: 55-62. 1932. " Hord Rock Shelter. BTAPS 6: 97-106. 1934 . A B I LEN E: " Carved Rock Shelter . BTAPS 10: 222-223. Members of he grotto are look~ 1938 . forward to a me eting in the near fuhre " Dus t exhaust in caves dur ing archeolo­ which has yet to be announced. There has ~ic a l explorati ons. Pan. Amer. Geol. 70 been no meeting in the month of lf~rch,for (2) : 89- 90. 1938 . many reasons, some of which are noted be­ " Cordage of the caves in the greater Big low. Bend. BTAPS 12 : 175- 194. 1940. The grotto has lost one of its " Some unusual basketry and bags f rom the fines t members, Paxton Hutchison, who has Big Bend caves. BTAPS 13: 133-151. 1941. accepted a positi on and schooling in the " and J. Charles Ke lley. The Mer r h,e ther big city of Dallas at Data Processing , Rock Shelter, a r eport on rock shelter Inc. "Hutch" has been associated with excavation in the Big Bend of Texas. the grotto nOl'I for almost hl'o years and WTHSSC 3. 1933 . served recently as Treasurer. Bet that So llberger, J .B. A prehistoric rock shelter if he ha s the time, he will look up the in Kerr County, Texas . The Rec ord, Dallas-Fort Worth Grotto. Dallas Arch. Soc . 8 (3) : 9-14. 1949 . f.'lr . and Mrs. Bart Crisman are the St r a l ey , W. A• .A cave sepulchre. The Arch. proud parents of a fine baby boy. Con­ Du ll. 4 (3) : 65- 66. 1913. gr a tulations you hlO on Kyle Mark Crisman. Sumn , De e Anp . Student excavations at the George Gray has been busy l~tely Smith Rock Shelt er, Tr avis County. wi th several activities (and more to":: come) SPA 2 (1) : 23- 25. 1955 . A Junior Leaders Training Course (Scouts), " ExcavA. tlons at the Smith Rock Shelter, Scout leader's Training Sessions, and the Travis County, Texas. TJS 9 (1) : 26-58 . building of a new home. (The pre domina te 1957. color? You guessed it--~ brick.) Also Thomas , Sidney Johnson. The archeologica l George has been invited and has accApted i nve sti ~a t io n of Fa t e Bell Shelter in an instruct or's position at \'loodb9.dge Seminole Canyon, Va l Verde Co. , Texas. training at Philmont Scout Ranch, N. I'Il .

MA Thesis. Vnivu of Texas , Austin, Jim Estes has recently r eturned Texas . 10 1933 . from a week of vaca tion which he s~nt Watt , FraW( H. A prehistoric shel t er bur­ looking for caves and archeological sites

i nl in Be ll County, Texas o BCTAS 2: i n eastern Brewster Co., with his brother 5- 27. 1936. Jack from Fort Worth and Tom Meador of " Report on a sma ll rock shelter in Cory­ El dor ado. ell County. CTA 4 : 103- 104. 1938. An i mpromptu trip to San Saba Co . " Surface artifacts from Aycock Shel ter 11i ll probably be made in the near future . ar ea. Cen. Tex. Ar ch. Soc. News l etter Grotto address: 2818 S. 39th St. 2 (5) : 22- 25. 1941. Abilene, Texas. liedel, Wa l do R. Notes and NelYs. AAn 14 (1) : 74. 1948 . " otes and News o AAn 14 (3 ) : 244- 245. 1949. White , Pa trick J. Caves of Centra l Texas . The old Alamo Grotto In: The Caves of Texas . BNSS 10 : 46- 64. 1948 . (Continued on next page) THE TEXAS CAVER April, Vol. VII, No. 4 55 rides again; new officers were electe-d at of informati on and a subject of study for the January meeting and are striving for any student of geology. I-la.ke a note on widely increased activities which will your next trip of the solid 1-mlls of clear cover the whole range of interests of calcite, ten to twelve feet high. If members with many divergent backgrounds. U.T.'s Dr. I~guire does go on his coll­ New chairman is Harvey Kohni tz, photo­ ection trip to this cave, please ask him grapher and archaeologist; Vice-chairman, to refrain from taking any specimens of Bill Gray, geologist and paleontologist; the perch and catfish from the ponds 250 Se cretary, Preston Knodell, University feet within the entrance, as the Dallas­ philosophy instructor and cave explora­ Fort vlorth Grotto has been making agt'owth tion enthusiast; Treasurer, Frenchy Bari­ study of these fish since 1955. llet--stayed on in this job because the lilt was also interesting to note Grotto's funds are in his name in the that in the 1962 membership list as pub­ bank--is a medical aid expert. New post lished in the February issue of the CAVER of Re search Chairman went to Orion Knox, of the number of NSS members that belong Jr. , architecture student who specializes to the seven Texas grottoes (and clubs), in exploration and detail mapping. His one half belong to the Dallas-Fort Worth colleaeue is David Gray- who is pre para tor Grotto. Their record is 22 out of 24 as and curator of the many specimens now compared to only 6 out of one of the lar­ co~ing out of the caves for study and ger grottoes. The Dallas-Fort Worth Gro­ correlation. tto should be commended and congratulated Speleology being the scientific for their good service in recruiting mem­ study of caves, \'Ie intend to do just that bers for the Society (NSS). Since the by all means at our disposal. We want to members of that grotto still steadfastly l earn as much as possible about the ori­ decline to boast about their accomplish­ gin and development of ~ach cave through ments , ''Ie felt it our duty to bring these ge ologic history, its use and occupancy facts to your attenti on. II by Ice Age animals and Paleo -Americans (Signed) Bob Littlefield and al so the current faunal assemblage. St. Paul, Ninnesota Grotto Address: In regards to the excellent re­ Preston G. Knodell, Jr •. cord of the D.FWG, mentioned in the let­ 231 E. Kings Hiway ter above pertaining to NSS membership, San Antonio, Texas Chuck Larsen, grotto Chairman states, "\o[e now have twenty-four members of which twenty-two are NSS members. The other DA L L A S-FORT WORTH t wo are members of the Texas Archeologi­ cal Society of Texas and are only associ­ Herein is a letter from ate members. I hope that our grotto Bob Littlefield, formerly of the Dallas­ might help to sho,'I the other grottoes in Fort \'forth Grotto, now in Minnesota. The the Association that NSS membership is letter was received by the editor too not only worthwhile, but should be stress­ 1:1te to go in the March issue. ed. For all practical purposes we main­ "We read with some interest the t ain 100% NSS membership with the except­ report by the University of Texas Grotto ion of our associate members who are spe­ of the discovery of quartz crystals in cialists in some other f i eld of science." Gorman Cave, San Saba County. Sorry to Jane and Chuck Larsen of Garland disappoint you folks at Austin, but we are the proud parents of another boy. Con­ reme mbe r that the Dallas-Fort WorthGrotto gratulations! discove red and reported these formations Grotto address: a couple of years ago. Also discovered Katherine Goodbar, Secretary anQ reported at tha t time were deposits 6621 Sunnyland Lane of quartzite and sandstone, both also Dallas 14, Texas very r are in any cave. As a matter of fact, the Da llas-Fort Worth G,rotto has al ways recommended this cave as a source NEVER CLIMB ROPE HAND-OVER-HAND IN CAVING! 56 April,Vol. VII, No.4 THE TEXAS CAVER

SA N A N GELO COLLEGE active during the last month or so. Three successive week-end trips netted tl~ ex­ This past month the plora tion of an interesting and comp lex SAC S has seen a good de al of acti on. Of upper-level area in Natural Bridge Cave. severa l tri ps that He re made (not includ­ The trips were led by Orion Knox, Jr.,and ing the Longhorn Cavern Trip --article included ~l ike Collins, Tommy Evans, James elsewhe re in t his i ssue), the folloHing Reddell, Sharon Woolsey, John Bardgett, ar e wr i tten up brief ly: Barbara Hadden, and others on one or more Tuesday , Harch 6; A meeting was of the trips. A massive lS-man expedi­ he ld and all enjoyed the Bustamante Slide tion t o Indian Creek Cave was made on the ser ies. Ever yone i'Ta S rea l impressed and weekend of Harch 31st. Numerous pictures it is hoped thnt t he club can ~~k e a trip ''lere taken of the beautiful upper level down tha t Hay as soon as school is out. rooms kno.m as Alice's Wonderland as well I·larch 10 : Seven members ivent to as the 1.,a ter passages, a surface surveyms a cave east of Sonor a on the Clar kson's made over the cave, a series of tempera­ Ranch. 'l.'his cave i s sma ll, but very in­ tures were taken in the cave and correla­ t eresting. The one l ar ge r oom contains ted .Tith a recording thermograph at the ., pel eot he rns never befor e seen so abundant entrance, iVa ter and rock samples .[ere col­ so near t he entrance . The entire day was lected and an interesting joint-maze near spent checking out crawhlays and pits in the end was explored. Future trips are the breakd ovm. planned to map the joint-maze and contain r arch 17: \vayne Jennings and temperature and fluorescein tests. 0 n Steve Wi l s on j ourneyed all t he Nay to Aus­ April 4th an all-night trip was made to t in t o enj oy caving i·ri. th some old buddies Natural Bridge Cave in a driving thunder­ there. They \vent through Cave X, Steam storm by Orion Knox, James Reddell, Shar­ Cave, and Hackberry Cave. on Woolsey, and Leonard Hill to map a March 20 : A meeting was held pri­ portion of the cave needed before the m r il y for the purpose of organizing a we ekend of the 7tho tri p to the Longhorn Caverns. Pe r mission Nei'l officers of the grotto ''lere has b en gr ant ed for t he '-tve ekend of the elected. They are: 30 and 31s t. Close to 100 per cent of Philip Russell, Chairman t he member shi p made the trip. Hike Roe, Vice-Chairman ~l a rch 24 t h: Three members and Sharon Ivoolsey, Secretary-Treas. viflitors from the UTSS made a trip to Torn White, Expedition Chairman Green ['lOun t a i n Cave . No t hing accomplish­ James Reddell, Research Chairman ed further ot he r t han getting s cratched. Ot he r act i vi t ies included a cam­ Everyone is looking forward to pEd n to ra i se money for the treasury. Easter caving trips and the Board of Gov­ The S.Qe l unker s ( Intramura l basketba ll ernor' s r~eeting shortly afterwards. t eum) placed t ird in r eGU l ar play and Grotto address: \Oli ll ent er t he playoffs f or championship Box 7672 D. T. Station next week. Apr il 5th wi. ll be a big day Aus tin 12, Texas for , orne of the s pe l unke r s here a t SAC, as the cl ub was as (cd to escort the Hi ss Wool of Ame ric ~ Contest ' nts t hrough the INDE PE NDENTS Sonor', Caverns •• oall of t he members who wer e not 5', 9" or over, are somevlhat Congratula tions should bi tt er . be extended Lee Skinner, Ft. Bliss for a Cl ub addr ess : very thought-provoking article written in Royce Dallinger the NSS NE\>lS entitled "Machine Processing 24 12 Co l ernM Ave . Spe l eological Data." If you have notread S~ Anee l o, Texas this article, please do so, as it is very worth.,hile. TSA claims Lee as a member during his stay in the army at El Paso. u I V E R S I '1' Y o F T E X A S (Independents please take note: We (the CAVER) would like to receive more Th gr ot t o has been fair7 news on your activities. Thanks! --Ed. THE TEXAS CAVER April, Vol. VII, No. 4 57 ADDITIONAL CORRECTIONS TO I1EHBERSHI P LIST, 1962

Texas Speleological Association

Additions:

333. Joe Sumbera Box 1028, Dickinson, Texas 334. Givens, Rex 2125 Hackberry st., Pecos, Texas

The follmving should have (NSS) after their names:

70. Ballinger, Royce (NSS) (SACSS) 72. Jennings, Wayne (NSS) (SACSS) 232. Finch, Richard C. (NSS) (Ind.)

large animals have always been scarce, CAVE LIVING -- 7000 B. C. and it is necessary to eat almost every­ thing in order to survive. The same gen­ Because the Amistad Dam is to eral kind of existence has also been fl ood many large and small archeological found in the American Southl'Test, and the sites in Southwest Texas, the Archeologi­ term Desert Culture has been coined to de­ cal Salvage Program was begun in 1958 by ~cribe it." (ESN, Vol. 8, No.1) Texns archeologists and the National Park (From an article appearing in ~­ Se rvice. ineering-Science News, "The Amistad In October, 1958, 'vi. A. Davis, C. Dam Archeological Salvage Project" D. Tunnel, and J.F. Epstein of the Univ­ by Jeremiah Fain Epstein, Archeolo­ ersity of Texas excavated two shelters, gist, Archeology Laboratory, Assis­ Damp Cave and Centipede Cave, perched tant Professor of Anthropology, The hi::h on a bluff overlooking theRio Grande. University of Texas.) The t wo sites 'vere only slightly distur­ bed by r elic collectors, allmring for good stratified cultural material. NEXT MONTH' S CAVER: The combined data that was re­ ceived from both these caves revealed a CONPLETE CONSTITUTION AND BY­ h1.m,gn occupation that began about 7,000 LAi-lS OF THE TEXAS SPELEOLOGICAL ASSOCI­ B. C. and endine in the 16th century. ATION. "The people vTho occupied Damp and NEi'iS OF THE SEMI-ANNUAL BOARD OF Centipede Caves appear to have been nom­ GOVERNORS MEETING OF T.S.A. adic , and to have eaten just about what­ "BUILD A RAPPELLING SNAP-LINK" , ever grevT in the eastern Trans-Pecos. The BY PETE LINDSLEY, DALLAS-FORT WORTH animal bones in the caves consisted lar­ GROTTO. ge ly of r ats and rabbits, but there were CAVER OF THE J'IlONTH, AN ARTICLE also lizar d and fish bones, clam shells, ABOUT A ~WORKING TEXAS SPELUNKER. A fel'r rleer bones were recovered, but not AND EXCITING CAVE TRIP ARTICLES. enough to indicate that large mammals \,'ere ei ther common or consumed often. A­ mong t he plants found in the fill, Lech­ Did you know that-the number of ieu i lla , Sotol, and Prickly Pear Here es­ known caves in the State of Texas now is ~ c l a lly abundant. The impression gained over 1,114? from the refuse is that the people who Did you know that THE TEXAS CAVER lived he re exploited their environment to is now in its 7th year of publication? the fullest . In t his semi-desert region T H E TEXAS CAVER 2818 S 39th St. -._.....u.:~ -_- -..JijilolJ ABILENE, TEXAS

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N EW CONCESSIONS F A C I LITIES Sdi.J::OLcc r:;..;" S:JRV;;; Y P, 0 , BOX 781 SONORA. T EX A S Ja:ren Redrle 11 30x 7672. U. T. Station Austin 12. Te xas .. .