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DOCUMENT RESUME ED 071 407 EN 010 647 AUTHOR McBeath, Ronald J., Ed. TITLE Extending Education Through Technology. Selected Writings by James D. Finn On Instructional Technology. INSTITUTION Association for Educational Communications and Technology, Washington, D.C. SPONS AGENCY National Education Association, Washington, D.C. PUB DATE 72 NOTE 343p. AVAILABLE FROMAssociation for Educational Communications and Technology, Department B, 1201 16th Street N. W., Washingto*,, D. C. 20036 ($9.95) EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 BC Fot Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS. *Audiovisual Instruction; *Educational Change; Educational Development; Educational Improvement; Educational Philosophy; *Educational Technology; Instructional Media; *Technological Advancement ABSTRACT A selection of James Finn's writings is collected here for students of media and instructional technology and for _decision makers who are concerned about education. A general perspective for examining the_ educational setting anda philosophy of education which makes us aware of the_importance of vigorously examing our ideas, practicess_and institutions introducethe book. Next,. more specific attention is.paid_to the relationship between automation and education--the realities of living ina technological age.and_implications for education._Eleven_papers.attempting to change the movement into a' profession, writtenover a period of 15 years comprise a section on the .development of educational technology from audiovisual to instructional technology.A final section provides a re-examination of instructional technology and the problems of institutionalization; an assessment ofsome of the social, economic and political changes; anda reminder of the importance of keeping man in the center of educationalendeavors. (Author/M) CATCNDING rc.' EDUCATION THROUGH TECHNOLOGY FILMED FROM BEST AVAILABLE COPY rii sfi ComplimentsPhoto by Troian of SueCamera, Meador Los Angeles EXTENDING EDUCATION THROUGH TECHNOLOGY SELECTED WRITINGS BY JAMES D. 1.11111 ON INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY EDITED BY RONALD J. McBEATH PUBLICATION STEERING COMMITTEE APPOINTED BY CALIFORNIA ASSOCIATION FOR EDUCATIONAL MEDIA & TECHNOLOGY WILLIAM H. ALLEN DIANA Z. CAPUT ROBERT C GERLETTI FRANK N. MAGILL PAUL V. ROBINSON ASSOCIATION U 6 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, FOR EDUCATION & WELFARE N OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO- EDUCATIONAL DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIG COMMUNICATIONS INATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPIN- ., IONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDU- a & CATION POSITION OR POLICY TECHNOLOGY 6 li CopyrightC 1972 Association for Educational Communications and Technology Library of Congress Catalog Number:72-87833 For further copies of this publication,write to the Association for Edu- cational Communications and Technology,Department B, 1201 16th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C.20036. PERMISSION TO REPROOUCE THIS COPY RIGHTED MATERIAL BY MICROFICHE ONLY HAS BEEN GRANTEO BY N1. E. AE ; A. E.C.-1-. TO ERIC AND ORGANIZATIONS OPERATING UNOER AGREEMENTS WITH THE US OFFICE OF EOUCATION FURTHER REPROOUCTION OUTSIOE THE ERIC SYSTEM REQUIRES PER MISSION OF THE COPYRIGHT OWNER Table of Contents Acknowledgements v Notes About James D. Finn vii Introduction ix I.Criticisms, Traditions and Challenges 1 Introduction to Section I 3 Educational Criticism The Tradition in the Iron Mask 7 The Good Guys and the Bad Guys 19 Some Notes for an Essay on Griswold and Reading 33 The Sound and the Fury of Rudolf Flesch 43 AcademicTradition Conventional Wisdom and Vocational Reality 47 An Uncomfortable Rejoinder 55 New Uses for Old Cliches 63 Professional Challenge A Walk ontheAltered Side 69 A Revolutionary Season 79 The Franks Had the Right Idea 93 AV 864 vs A.D. 1970 99 II.Automation and Education 103 Introduction to Section II 105 Automation and Education:1. General Aspects 109 Automation and Education:2. Automatizing the Classroom- Background of the Effort '5 Automation and Education:3. Technology and the Instructional Process 141 III.From Audiovisual to Instructional Technology 161 Introduction to Section III 163 Professionalizing the Audiovisual Field 167 A Look at the Future of AV Communication 179 AV Development and the Concept of Systems 189 Technological Innovation in Education 193 Teaching Machines: Auto-Instructional Devices for the Teacher 203 New Techniques of Teaching for the Sixties 209 Instructional Technology 221 The Marginal Media Man, Part I: The Great Paradox 227 A Possible Model for Considering the Use of Media in Higher Education 235 Educational Innovation and Title III 239 What Is the Business of Educational Technology? 249 IV.Commitment to the Future 263 Introduction to Section IV 265 The Emerging Technology of Education 267 Dialog in Search of Relevance 303 Institutionalization of Education 307 V.Bibliography 323 Acknowledgements The editor wishes to acknowledge the professional interest and financial support provided by the Audio Visual Education Association of California (now known as the California Association for Educational Media and Technology) during the development of this publication. It was at the suggestion of Jerrold E. Kemp (President, 1970), that a steering committee was formed. One of the members of this committee, Robert C. Gerletti, as President of the Association for Educational Communications and Tech- nology (1970) provided an important liaison with the national organiza- tion, the publishers of this book. The other members of the steering com- mittee who assisted generously in supporting and guiding this publication through their comments, criticisms and expert knowledge were William H. Allen, Frank N. Magill, Paul V. Robinson, and Diana Caput, who also up- dated the bibliography, located copies of Finn papers, and provided them for the committee. I would also like to thank Aleen Marquardt for her assistance in typing, 0. B. Carleton for his valuable comments during the preliminary editing, and Gail Hipsher for her editorial assistance during the publication of this book. One personI would like to thank in particular is Betty Finn who, through discussions with the editor and the provision of professional documents and recordings of her late husband, helped to establish a broad- er base of reference. Through her generosity, a portion of the income from this publication is being contributed to a memorial fund in the honor of James D. Finn for leadership activities in the field of Instructional Tech- nology. I will always be grateful to my wife, Marjorie, and my children for giving me the opportunity to spend so much time on this enterprise. Ronald J. Mc Beath 1972 v Notes About James D. Finn Born in Great Falls, Montana, 1915, James Donald Finnattended the public schools there. He received his B.S. degree from Montana State Col- lege and his M.A. degree from Colorado State College of Education.He pursued further graduate study in educational radio and motion pictures at several institutions and research centers prior toWorld War II under a Rockefeller Fellowship, and after the war, completed his Ph.D. inEducation at Ohio State University with Edgar Dale, oneof the pioneers in the field. He was married, the father of two daughters, and resided inWhittier, California. During World War II, Finn served as Chief, Instructional Aids Service, and Assistant Director for Training for theCommand and General Staff School, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. He was a captain in the Signal Corps at the time of his discharge. As Professor of Education at the University of SouthernCalifornia from 1949-1969, Finn's teaching brought him in close contactwith students of education in general and instructional technology in particular. He taught summer sessions at Michigan StateUniversity and Syracuse University; delivered invited lectures in many school districts and at over 20 institu- tions for higher learning throughout the United States.In addition to being Chairman of the Instructional Technology Department in theSchool of Education, Dr. Finn also served for several years as ActingHead of the Department of Cinema in the College of Letters, Arts and Sciences at U.S.C. Having served the Department of Audio-Visual Instruction of the Na- tional Education Association in many capacities, James D. Finn waselected president in 1960. He was also president of the Educational Media Council, 1961-1963, a council of 14 national organizationseducationaland com- mercialin the educational media field. Finn's continuing involvement with both the theoretical and practical foundations of instructional technology is reflected in his bibliographyof more than 100 publications. In addition to"The Audio Visual Equipment Manual" (1957), a major work for practitioners with immediate concerns about equipment operation, Finn made a long-range contributionby help- ing to found the Audio-Visual Communication Review. Finnserved as senior consulting editor of the journal which is regarded asthe leading theoretical organ for the field. He also edited Teaching Tools for many years. vii Dr. Finn directed several nationalstudies in the 1960sL The Technologi- cal Development Project ofthe National Education Associationwas de- signed to investigi- e andassess technological developments and trends in education, and w., rollowed bythe Instructional Technology andMedia Project. Both of tt ese were funded bythe U. S. Office of Education,as were the Educational Media Specialist Institutesand the National Special Media Institutes, whichwere designed to provide media trainingprograms for specialists. Going