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Bangladesh and Bangladesh-U.S. Relations
Bangladesh and Bangladesh-U.S. Relations Updated October 17, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44094 Bangladesh and Bangladesh-U.S. Relations Summary Bangladesh (the former East Pakistan) is a Muslim-majority nation in South Asia, bordering India, Burma, and the Bay of Bengal. It is the world’s eighth most populous country with nearly 160 million people living in a land area about the size of Iowa. It is an economically poor nation, and it suffers from high levels of corruption. In recent years, its democratic system has faced an array of challenges, including political violence, weak governance, poverty, demographic and environmental strains, and Islamist militancy. The United States has a long-standing and supportive relationship with Bangladesh, and it views Bangladesh as a moderate voice in the Islamic world. In relations with Dhaka, Bangladesh’s capital, the U.S. government, along with Members of Congress, has focused on a range of issues, especially those relating to economic development, humanitarian concerns, labor rights, human rights, good governance, and counterterrorism. The Awami League (AL) and the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) dominate Bangladeshi politics. When in opposition, both parties have at times sought to regain control of the government through demonstrations, labor strikes, and transport blockades, as well as at the ballot box. Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina has been in office since 2009, and her AL party was reelected in January 2014 with an overwhelming majority in parliament—in part because the BNP, led by Khaleda Zia, boycotted the vote. The BNP has called for new elections, and in recent years, it has organized a series of blockades and strikes. -
Bangladesh Assessment
BANGLADESH ASSESSMENT October 2001 Country Information and Policy Unit 1 CONTENTS I SCOPE OF DOCUMENT 1.1 – 1.5 II GEOGRAPHY General 2.1 – 2.3 Languages 2.4 Economy 2.5 – 2.6 III HISTORY Pre-independence: 1947 – 1971 3.1 – 3.4 1972-1982 3.5 – 3.8 1983 – 1990 3.9 – 3.15 1991 – 1996 3.16 – 3.21 1997 - 1999 3.22 – 3.32 January 2000 - December 2000 3.33 – 3.35 January 2001 – October 2001 3.36 – 3.39 IV INSTRUMENTS OF THE STATE 4.1 POLITICAL SYSTEM Constitution 4.1.1 – 4.1.3 Government 4.1.4 – 4.1.5 President 4.1.6 – 4.1.7 Parliament 4.1.8 – 4.1.10 4.2 JUDICIAL SYSTEM 4.2.1 – 4.2.4 4.3 SECURITY General 4.3.1 – 4.3.4 1974 Special Powers Act 4.3.5 – 4.3.7 Public Safety Act 4.3.8 2 V HUMAN RIGHTS 5.1 INTRODUCTION 5.1.1 – 5.1.3 5.2 GENERAL ASSESSMENT Torture 5.2.1 – 5.2.3 Police 5.2.4 – 5.2.9 Supervision of Elections 5.2.10 – 5.2.12 Human Rights Groups 5.2.13 – 5.2.14 5.3 SPECIFIC GROUPS Religious Minorities 5.3.1 – 5.3.6 Biharis 5.3.7 – 5.3.14 Chakmas 5.3.15 – 5.3.16 Rohingyas 5.3.17 – 5.3.18 Ahmadis 5.3.19 – 5.3.20 Women 5.3.21 – 5.3.32 Children 5.3.33 – 5.3.36 Trafficking in Women and Children 5.3.37 – 5.3.39 5.4 OTHER ISSUES Assembly and Association 5.4.1 – 5.4.3 Speech and Press 5.4.4 – 5.4.5 Travel 5.4.6 Chittagong Hill Tracts 5.4.7 – 5.4.10 Student Organizations 5.4.11 – 5.4.12 Prosecution of 1975 Coup Leaders 5.4.13 Domestic Servants 5.4.14 – 5.4.15 Prison Conditions 5.4.16 – 5.4.18 ANNEX A: POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS AND OTHER GROUPS ANNEX B: PROMINENT PEOPLE ANNEX C: CHRONOLOGY ANNEX D: BIBLIOGRAPHY III HISTORY 3.2 East Pakistan became dissatisfied with the distant central government in West Pakistan, and the situation was exacerbated in 1952 when Urdu was declared Pakistan's official language. -
BANGLADESH COUNTRY REPORT April 2004 Country Information
BANGLADESH COUNTRY REPORT April 2004 Country Information & Policy Unit IMMIGRATION & NATIONALITY DIRECTORATE HOME OFFICE, UNITED KINGDOM Bangladesh April 2004 CONTENTS 1. Scope of Document 1.1 - 1.7 2. Geography 2.1 - 2.3 3. Economy 3.1 - 3.3 4. History 4.1 - 4.45 Pre-independence: 1947 – 1971 4.1 - 4.4 1972 –1982 4.5 - 4.8 1983 – 1990 4.9 - 4.14 1991 – 1999 4.15 - 4.26 2000 – the present 4.27 - 4.45 5. State Structures 5.1 - 5.51 The constitution 5.1 - 5.3 - Citizenship and Nationality 5.4 - 5.6 Political System 5.7 - 5.13 Judiciary 5.14 - 5.21 Legal Rights /Detention 5.22 - 5.30 - Death Penalty 5.31 – 5.32 Internal Security 5.33 - 5.34 Prisons and Prison Conditions 5.35 – 5.37 Military Service 5.38 Medical Services 5.39 - 5.45 Educational System 5.46 – 5.51 6. Human Rights 6.1- 6.107 6.A Human Rights Issues 6.1 - 6.53 Overview 6.1 - 6.5 Torture 6.6 - 6.7 Politically-motivated Detentions 6.8 - 6.9 Police and Army Accountability 6.10 - 6.13 Freedom of Speech and the Media 6.14 – 6.23 Freedom of Religion 6.24 - 6.29 Hindus 6.30 – 6.35 Ahmadis 6.36 – 6.39 Christians 6.40 Freedom of Assembly and Association 6.41 Employment Rights 6.42 - 6.47 People Trafficking 6.48 - 6.50 Freedom of Movement 6.51 - 6.52 Authentication of Documents 6.53 6.B Human Rights – Specific Groups 6.54 – 6.85 Ethnic Groups Biharis 6.54 - 6.60 The Tribals of the Chittagong Hill Tracts 6.61 - 6.64 Rohingyas 6.65 – 6.66 Women 6.67 - 6.71 Rape 6.72 - 6.73 Acid Attacks 6.74 Children 6.75 - 6.80 - Child Care Arrangements 6.81 – 6.84 Homosexuals 6.85 Bangladesh April 2004 6.C Human Rights – Other Issues 6.86 – 6.89 Prosecution of 1975 Coup Leaders 6.86 - 6.89 Annex A: Chronology of Events Annex B: Political Organisations Annex C: Prominent People Annex D: References to Source Material Bangladesh April 2004 1. -
Country of Origin Information Report Bangladesh Country Overview
European Asylum Support Office EASO Country of Origin Information Report Bangladesh Country Overview December 2017 SUPPORT IS OUR MISSION European Asylum Support Office EASO Country of Origin Information Report Bangladesh Country Overview December 2017 Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union. Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00800 numbers or these calls may be billed. More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://europa.eu). Print ISBN 978-92-9494-830-4 doi: 10.2847/19533 BZ-07-17-148-EN-C PDF ISBN 978-92-9494-829-8 doi: 10.2847/34007 BZ-07-17-148-EN-N © European Asylum Support Office 2017 Reproduction is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged, unless otherwise stated. For third-party materials reproduced in this publication, reference is made to the copyrights statements of the respective third parties. Cover photo: © International Food Policy Research Institute, A Crowded Market in Dhaka, Bangladesh, 6 May 2010 (https://www.flickr.com/photos/ifpri/4860343116). Neither EASO nor any person acting on its behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained herein. EASO COI REPORT BANGLADESH: COUNTRY OVERVIEW — 3 Acknowledgements EASO would like to acknowledge the following national asylum and migration departments as the drafters of this report: Bulgaria, State Agency for Refugees (SAR), COI Unit; Italy, National Commission for the Right of Asylum International and EU Affairs, COI unit; United Kingdom, Home Office, Country Policy & Information Team. -
Dr Md Jahid Hossain Bhuiyan Contested Secularism in Bangladesh MPIL Agora 21 July 2021, 15:00 H-16:00 H, Via Zoom
Dr Md Jahid Hossain Bhuiyan Contested Secularism in Bangladesh MPIL Agora 21 July 2021, 15:00 h-16:00 h, via Zoom There are different ways in which scholars comprehend secularism. According to some, secularism means that religion is fully separated from the state and plays no part in the public domain. Others are of the view that, while secularism denotes in principle the separation between religion and state, there should be some involvement of religion in the public domain, because it is a vital part of the lives of individuals. This article aims to present the various interpretations of secularism, create a classification of secular- ism models and examine how secularism is considered in Bangladesh. For this purpose, it analyses statements given by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (known as the Father of the Nation and the leader of Bangladesh Awami League) in support of the secularist model. Sheikh Mujib and his political party did not explicitly use the word “secularism” until the War of Independence in 1971. However, secularist ideals were emphasised by the party and secularism was included in the Constitu- tion of Bangladesh of 1972. In Bangladesh, secularism is understood as the antithesis of communal- ism. Anti-communalism does not refer to anti-religion; rather, it eliminates the conflict between the various sub-national communities and describes politics by giving equal status to individuals in a uni- fied national community. President Ziaur Rahman removed the secularism principle from the Constitu- tion in 1977 (5th Amendment). Islam was then declared as the state religion in 1988 during the rule of President Hussain Muhammad Ershad (8th Amendment). -
The Challenges of Institutionalising Democracy in Bangladesh† Rounaq Jahan∗ Columbia University
ISAS Working Paper No. 39 – Date: 6 March 2008 469A Bukit Timah Road #07-01, Tower Block, Singapore 259770 Tel: 6516 6179 / 6516 4239 Fax: 6776 7505 / 6314 5447 Email: [email protected] Website: www.isas.nus.edu.sg The Challenges of Institutionalising † Democracy in Bangladesh Rounaq Jahan∗ Columbia University Contents Executive Summary i-iii 1. Introduction 1 2. The Challenges of Democratic Transition and Consolidation: A Global Discourse 4 3. The Challenge of Organising Free and Fair Elections 7 4. The Challenge of Establishing the Rule of Law 19 5. The Challenge of Guaranteeing Civil Liberties and Fundamental Freedoms 24 6. The Challenge of Ensuring Accountability 27 7. Conclusion 31 Appendix: Table 1: Results of Parliamentary Elections, February 1991 34 Table 2: Results of Parliamentary Elections, June 1996 34 Table 3: Results of Parliamentary Elections, October 2001 34 Figure 1: Rule of Law, 1996-2006 35 Figure 2: Political Stability and Absence of Violence, 1996-2006 35 Figure 3: Control of Corruption, 1996-2006 35 Figure 4: Voice and Accountability, 1996-2006 35 † This paper was prepared for the Institute of South Asian Studies, an autonomous research institute at the National University of Singapore. ∗ Professor Rounaq Jahan is a Senior Research Scholar at the Southern Asian Institute, School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University. She can be contacted at [email protected]. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Bangladesh joined what Samuel P. Huntington had called the “third wave of democracy”1 after a people’s movement toppled 15 years of military rule in December 1990. In the next 15 years, the country made gradual progress in fulfilling the criteria of a “minimalist democracy”2 – regular free and contested elections, peaceful transfer of governmental powers as a result of elections, fundamental freedoms, and civilian control over policy and institutions. -
Building Lasting Peace: Issues of the Implementation of the Chittagong Hill Tracts Accord
Building Lasting Peace: Issues of the Implementation of the Chittagong Hill Tracts Accord Bushra Hasina Chowdhury Department of International Relations University of Dhaka, Bangladesh Program in Arms Control, Disarmament, and International Security University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign August 2002 CONTENTS About the Author v Introduction 1 Part One The Geophysical and Demographic Setting 3 Geography of the Chittagong Hill Tracts 3 The Population of the Chittagong Hill Tracts 3 Part Two The History of the Conflict 5 British Period 5 Pakistan Period 6 Bangladesh Period 6 Part Three Political Responses of the Governments of Bangladesh (1972-2001) 7 Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (1972-1975) 7 Ziaur Rahman (1975-1981) 7 Justice Abdus Sattar (May 1981-March 1982) 8 Hussain Muhammad Ershad (1982-1990) 8 Khaleda Zia (1991-1996) 9 Sheikh Hasina (May 1996-2001) 9 Part Four Provisions of the CHT Accord of 1997 and Their Implementation Status 11 General 11 Hill District Local Government Council/Hill District Councils 12 Chittagong Hill Tracts Regional Council 18 Rehabilitation, General Amnesty, and Other Matters 21 Part Five The Process of Implementation of the Accord: Built-in Weaknesses 27 Part Six Recent Trends: Some Tentative Hypotheses 29 Part Seven Recommendations 31 Part Eight Concluding Remarks: In Search of Lasting Peace 33 iii ABOUT THE AUTHOR Bushra Hasina Chowdhury received her Masters in Social Science in International Relations from Dhaka University in 1996. She has been a lecturer there in the Department of International Relations since 1999. She has worked in Bangladesh on urban micro credit at the Shakti Foundation for Disadvantaged Women and worked on a country report assessment project on child disabilities in Bangladesh with UNICEF. -
Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited Corporate Investment Wing Sustainable Finance Division Corporate Social Responsibility Department Head Office, Dhaka
Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited Corporate Investment Wing Sustainable Finance Division Corporate Social Responsibility Department Head Office, Dhaka. Sub: Result of IBBL Scholarship Program, HSC Level-2019 Following 1500(Male-754, Female-746) students mentioned below have been selected finally for IBBL Scholarship program, HSC Level -2019. Sl. No. Name of Branch Beneficiary ID Student's Name Father's Name Mother's Name 1 Agrabad Branch 8880202516103 Halimatus Sadia Didarul Alam Jesmin Akter 2 Agrabad Branch 8880202516305 Imam Hossain Mahbubul Hoque Aleya Begum 3 Agrabad Branch 8880202508003 Md Mahmudul Hasan Al Qafi Mohammad Mujibur Rahman Shaheda Akter 4 Agrabad Branch 8880202516204 Proma Mallik Gopal Mallik Archana Mallik 5 Alamdanga Branch 8880202313016 Mst. Husniara Rupa Md. Habibur Rahman Mst. Nilufa Yeasmin 6 Alamdanga Branch 8880202338307 Sharmin Jahan Shormi Md. Abdul Khaleque Israt Jahan 7 Alanga SME/Krishi Branch 8880202386310 Tammim Khan Mim Md. Gofur Khan Mst. Hamida Khanom 8 Amberkhana Branch 8880202314017 Fahmida Akter Nitu Babul Islam Najma Begum 9 Amberkhana Branch 8880202402015 Fatema Akter Abdul Kadir Peyara Begum 10 Amberkhana Branch 8880202252201 Mahbubur Rahman Md. Juned Ahmed Mst. Shomurta Begum 11 Amberkhana Branch 8880202208505 Md. Al-Amin Moin Uddin Rafia Begum 12 Amberkhana Branch 8880202457814 Md. Ismail Hossen Md. Rasedul Jaman Ismotara Begum 13 Amberkhana Branch 8880202413118 Mst. Shima Akter Tofazzul Islam Nazma Begum 14 Amberkhana Branch 8880202378513 Tania Akther Muffajal Hossen Kamrun Nahar 15 Amberkhana Branch 8880202300618 Tanim Islam Tanni Shahidul Islam Shibli Islam 16 Amberkhana Branch 8880202234504 Tanjir Hasan Abdul Malik Rahena Begum 17 Anderkilla Branch 8880202497414 Arpita Barua Alak Barua Tapasi Barua 18 Anderkilla Branch 8880202269108 Sakibur Rahman Mohammad Younus Ruby Akther 19 Anwara Branch 8880202320115 Jinat Arabi Mohammad Fajlul Azim Raihan Akter 20 Anwara Branch 8880202263607 Mizanur Rahman Abdul Khalaque Monwara Begum 21 Anwara Branch 8880202181101 Mohammad Arif Uddin Mohammad Shofi Fatema Begum Sl. -
Business As Usual Is Not an Option Supply Chains and Sourcing After Rana Plaza
Business as Usual is Not an Option Supply Chains and Sourcing after Rana Plaza Sarah Labowitz and Dorothée Baumann-Pauly April 2014 About the Center for Business and Human Rights at New York University Stern School of Business “At NYU Stern, we develop people and ideas that transform the challenges of the 21st century into opportunities to create value for business and society. Our Center for Business and Human Rights is the embodiment of that mission. By creating a safe haven for open dialogue and convening relevant voices for discussion around practical solutions to some of the world’s most pressing problems, the Center, and by extension this report, demonstrate that profit and principle can co-exist.” –Peter Henry, Dean NYU Stern School of Business Dean Henry launched the Center for Business and Human Rights in March 2013 with a strong belief in the power of business to create positive change in society. In that spirit, the Center’s mission is to challenge and empower businesses to make practical progress on human rights in their own operations. It is the first center to focus on human rights as an integral part of a business school. We start from the premise that business can and does work for the good of society. We support the goal of business to create value while emphasizing high standards for human rights performance. Each year, we take on a major project around a set of human rights challenges in a sector that is of foremost concern for companies, consumers, regulators, and investors. We use the convening platform of the NYU Stern School of Business to bring together groups of companies from different sectors and different parts of the world, along with outside stakeholders and experts. -
Bangladesh Page 1 of 20
Bangladesh Page 1 of 20 Bangladesh Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2007 Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor March 11, 2008 Bangladesh is a parliamentary democracy of 150 million citizens. Khaleda Zia, head of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), stepped down as prime minister in October 2006 when her five-year term of office expired and transferred power to a caretaker government that would prepare for general elections scheduled for January 22. On January 11, in the wake of political unrest, President Iajuddin Ahmed, the head of state and then head of the caretaker government, declared a state of emergency and postponed the elections. With support from the military, President Ahmed appointed a new caretaker government led by Fakhruddin Ahmed, the former Bangladesh Bank governor. In July Ahmed announced that elections would be held by the end of 2008, after the implementation of electoral and political reforms. While civilian authorities generally maintained effective control of the security forces, these forces frequently acted independently of government authority. The government's human rights record worsened, in part due to the state of emergency and postponement of elections. The Emergency Powers Rules of 2007 (EPR), imposed by the government in January and effective through year's end, suspended many fundamental rights, including freedom of press, freedom of association, and the right to bail. The anticorruption drive initiated by the government, while greeted with popular support, gave rise to concerns about due process. For most of the year the government banned political activities, although this policy was enforced unevenly. -
BANGLADESH COUNTRY of ORIGIN INFORMATION (COI) REPORT COI Service
BANGLADESH COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION (COI) REPORT COI Service Date 30 September 2012 BANGLADESH 30 SEPTEMBER 2012 Contents Go to End Preface REPORTS ON BANGLADESH PUBLISHED OR FIRST ACCESSED BETWEEN 31 AUGUST AND 30 SEPTEMBER 2012 Paragraphs Background Information 1. GEOGRAPHY ................................................................................................................... 1.01 Public holidays ................................................................................................... 1.06 Maps of Bangladesh ............................................................................................. 1.07 Other maps of Bangladesh ................................................................................. 1.07 2. ECONOMY ....................................................................................................................... 2.01 3. HISTORY ......................................................................................................................... 3.01 Pre-independence: 1947- 1971 ............................................................................ 3.01 Post-independence: 1972 - April 2010 .............................................................. 3.02 Government of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, 1972-75 ............................................. 3.02 Government of Ziaur Rahman, 1975-81 ............................................................. 3.03 Government of Hussain Mohammed Ershad, 1982-90 ...................................... 3.04 Government of Khaleda Zia, -
Monitoring Report of the Eighth Parliam Entary Election 2001 in Bangladesh
Electionwatch 0 - Monitoring Report of the Eighth Parliam entary Election 2001 in Bangladesh Edited by Taleya Rehman Democracywatch 7 Circuit House Road Ramna, Dhaka 1000 Published by: Taleya Rehman Executive Director Democracywatch 7 Circuit House Road Ramna, Dhaka 1000 Phone # 8311657, 9344225-6 E-mail: dwatch@ bangla.net W eb: www.dwatch-bd.org Date: 7 January 2001 Editorial Team: Shumit Rehman Mostafa Sohel M M Morshed M. Moniruzzaman Arifur Rahman Mamunur Rashid Saiful Islam Acknowledgement Foreword Democracywatch played an important role in the last parliamentary elections in Bangladesh. W e hope our work contributed what has been acclaimed as the most free and fair elections to date. Although most of our work concentrated on the election day itself, there were several projects to increase voter awareness leading up to the election that we carried out with considerable success. Firstly we held a national slogan competition where we asked the people to submit slogans for a poster to increase awareness and encourage women to vote. W e received over 16,000 entries and a prize giving ceremony was held at the British Council Auditorium. The winning slogan was “Desher shebai jake pabo, amar vote thake debo” which translates to “W hoever takes care of the country, is the person who gets my vote”. This slogan and others were printed on 13 lakh posters and displayed all over the country in two batches, the last being just before the election day for maximum effect. W e also monitored the output of the television news as part of our Mediawatch project. W e measured the amount of time each party leader received on all channels and then printed the results on a daily and weekly basis.