Ling 275 USC Byrd, Page 1 of 5

Ling 275 Byrd Phonology/Morphology Homework

Analyzing and Describing Patterns in Child Language and Language Games

Turn in your answers on a separate paper with your name on it. Answer all numbered questions (1-8).

I. Some linguists think that the has linguistically important subcomponents. These include the:

• Onset: one or more consonants before the in the syllable • Nucleus: the vowel in the syllable (also typically the loudest and longest part of the syllable.) • Coda: one or more consonants following the vowel in a syllable And also the: • Ryme: the nucleus+coda combination

So in the word string [strIN], [str] would be the onset, [I] would be the nucleus, [N] would be the coda, and [IN] would be the ryme.

With these terms in mind, observe the productions of this two-year old child (data from Roca & Johnson, 1999) (You may want to transcribe the adult forms yourself):

Word Adult Form Child’s Form clean [kin] draw [dO] please [piz] snow [so] snookie [sUki] slip [sIp] sleep [sip] Ling 275 USC Byrd, Page 2 of 5

1. State, using the necessary terms above, the PATTERN of the child’s productions: For example “The child’s word forms must/must not…”

Now consider the following example: Word Adult Form Child’s Form friend [fEn]

2. Restate the PATTERN, taking into account this form:

Finally, consider the following forms from the same child.

Word Adult Form Child’s Form straw [dO] skin [gIn] spoon [bun]

3. Do these forms conform to the PATTERN you observed and stated in (2)?

4. What additional statements, if any, are need to completely describe these forms?

5. What phonetic reasons might exist for the child to produce these last three forms as she does? Ling 275 USC Byrd, Page 3 of 5

B. English Pig

In English ‘Pig Latin’ (a ), the phrase “speak plain” would be produced “eakspay ainplay.” The pattern for doing Pig Latin in English might be stated:

English Pig Latin Pattern: The first syllable onset of a word is moved to the end of the word and an [ei] is inserted after it.

6. How would you say the following in Pig Latin--provide IPA transcription please. (If you are not a native speaker of English, ask someone who is):

IPA (regular word) IPA (pig latin form) ape [ ] [ ] open [ ] [ ] why [ ] [ ] quaint [ ] [ ] twin [ ] [ ] you [ ] [ ] cute [ ] [ ] few [ ] [ ]

7. State the English Pig Latin PATTERN (for your dialect) for:

7a. words that begin in

7b. words that begin with [Cw] (where C means a consonant)

7c. words that begin with [Cy] (where C means a consonant)

7d. What do the patterns in (7b) and (7c) suggest regarding whether (for you) a glide in a consonant+glide sequence is affiliated with the syllable onset or with the syllable nucleus? Ling 275 USC Byrd, Page 4 of 5

[Are the [Cw] and [Cy] patterns the same? Why or why not? (This is not for you to write an answer for but for you do think about and discuss in section.)]

C. Spanish Pig Latin (adapted from Rick McCallister)

Unlike American English, Spanish has no single name for its version of Pig Latin. The most common name is jerigonza (Chile) or variant forms such as jerigoncia (Caribbean) or jeringoza (Spain--Basque Country). Other names include hablar con la p (Peru), hablar con la f (Mexico), el idioma de la p (Peru), el idioma de la f (Mexico). Further, the Pig Latin game varies among different dialects of Spanish. Consider the following data:

Normal Spanish hablo español

(Hint: Assume that this phrase has the following syllable structure, where . marks a syllable boundary: ha.blo.es.pa.ñol That is, assume that a single intervocalic consonant VCV syllabifies rightward V.CV and that VsCV syllabifies Vs.CV and that VblV syllabifies V.blV )

Pig Latin in Dialect 1: hafeblofe esfepafeñolfe

Pig Latin in Dialect 2: hapeblope espepapeñolpe

Pig Latin in Dialect 3: hacabloca escapacañolca

Pig Latin in Dialect 4: hafablofo efespafañofol

Pig Latin in Dialect 5: hapablopo epespapañopol

Pig Latin in Dialect 6: hacabloco equespacañocol

(Note that in dialect 6 another “rule”pattern occurs such that “c”in pronounced “qu” before front vowels. You don’t need to worry about this.) Ling 275 USC Byrd, Page 5 of 5

8. Precisely state the Spanish Pig Latin PATTERNS for each of the six dialects. (You might make use of the linguistic units: syllable, onset, nucleus, and/or coda.)

a. Dialect 1:

b. Dialect 2:

c. Dialect 3:

d. Dialect 4:

e. Dialect 5:

f. Dialect 6: